Distribution Maps of Plant Pests

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae Compiled by CABI in association with EPPO www.cabi.org/dmpp Hosts: Solanaceae, especially tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (S. tuberosum). Map No. 10 2nd revision Issued June 2012

                                                                                                                                           Map No. 10

 Present: national record Present: subnational record CABI/EPPO (2012) Phthorimaea operculella. Distribution Maps of Plant Pests No. 10. CABI Head Office, Wallingford, UK.

ISSN 1369-104X CAB International 2012 CABI is a trading name of CAB International June 2012 Phthorimaea operculella Map No. 10 (2nd revision)

Note: Syn. Gnorimoschema operculella Zeller.

Records are based on bibliographic data from the CAB ABSTRACTS database, voucher specimens in The Natural History Museum, London (NHM records) and plant quarantine information compiled by EPPO X: Present, no details A: Present: widespread B: Present, restricted distribution C: Present, few occurrences (D): Absent, formerly present (E): Eradicated (F): Intercepted only

EUROPE Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Bulgaria - B Anon. (1976) Probleme de Protectia Plantelor 4, 119-123. Malta - A Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Saliba, L. J. (1963) Insect pests of crop plants in the Maltese islands. Department of Information, Tomov, R.; Trencheva, K.; Trenchev, G.; Kenis, M. (2007) Plant Science 44, 199-204. Malta, 35 pp. Vaneva-Gancheva, T.; Grigorova, P. (2010) Rasteniev'dni Nauki 47 (4), 310-316 (in Bulgarian). EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). [Confirmed by survey, 1994.] Croatia - B Anon. (2001) Glasnik Zastite Bilja 24 (1), 74 pp. Portugal - A Mendes, C. (1913) Broteria, Salamanca, Ser. Zool. 11, 40-44. Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Azores X Franquinho Aguiar, A. M.; Karsholt, O. (2006) Boletin Museu Municipal do Funchal 9, 5-139. Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). [Dalmatian coast.] Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Cyprus - A Ioannou, N. (1989) Potato Research 32 (3), 331-339. Vieira, V.; Borges, P. A. V.; Karsholt, O.; Wunderlich, J. (2003) Vieraea 31, 145-156. [Vila do Nova Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). do Corvo.] Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Madeira X Franquinho Aguiar, A. M.; Karsholt, O. (2006) Boletin Museu Municipal do Funchal 9, 5-139. Krambias, A. (1976) Bulletin of Entomological Research 66 (1), 81-85. Mainland Portugal A Franquinho Aguiar, A. M.; Karsholt, O. (2006) Boletin Museu Municipal do Funchal 9, 5-139. Polacek, K. (1958) FAO Report 978, 10 pp. Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). France - B Bedin, P. (1982) Phytoma 335, 20-24. Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Bonnemaison, L. (1961) Les ennemis animaux des plantes cultivées et des forêts I-III. Soc. Edit. Romania - C Arion, G. (1958) Entomología agrícola. Ministry of Agriculture and Silviculture, Bucharest, 777 pp. Publ. Agric., Paris, France, 1512 pp. Donescu, D. (2009) Cartoful in Romania 18 (1/2), 71 (in Romanian). [Found on potato crops near EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). [Observed locally since 1980.] Constanza.] Mainland France B Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Greece - A Kalmoukos, P.; Patsakos, P.; Tomazou, T.; Miliadis, G. E.; Liapis, K. S. (1994) Annales de l'Institut Russia - C Phytopathologique Benaki 17 (1), 11-23. Northern Russia (F) Ivanova, G. A. (2003) Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii 11, 12-13. [On potato (Solanum tuberosum) Pelekassis, C. E. D. (1962) Annals of the Institute of Phytopathology Benaki 5 (1), 31. imported from Morocco, Italy, Portugal and the Canary Islands (Spain).] Mainland Greece A Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Southern Russia C Khomitskaya, L. N.; Rozhentsova, O. V. (2008) Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii 8, 44. [Krasnador, Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Rostov and Stavropol regions.] Santorini, A. P. (1971) Annales de l'Institut Phytopathologique Benaki 10 (2), 141-147. [Central.] Vysokopoyasnyi, A. I. (2004) Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii 5, 12-14. [Kuban, Krasnador region.] Hungary - (F) Anon. (1975) Plant Protection Bulletin, FAO 23 (6), 198. [On potato (Solanum tuberosum) imported Yarysheva, I. A. (2002) Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii 11, 24-27. from Egypt.] Zhimerikin, V. N.; Dudov, M. V. (2009) Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii 4, 32-34. [Krasnador, Rostov Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). and Stavropol regions.] Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Serbia - B EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). Italy - B Foletto, B. (1993) Informatore Agrario 49 (3), 57-64. Spain - B Izquierdo Tamayo, A.; Duran Grande, M.; Munoz Noguera, C. (1978) Anales del Instituto Nacional Mainland Italy B Arnone, S.; Musmeci, S.; Bacchetta, L.; Cordischi, N.; Pucci, E.; Cristofaro, M.; Sonnino, A. (1998) de Investigaciones Agrarias, Serie: Proteccion Vegetal 8, 99-147. Potato Research 41 (1), 39-49. [Central.] Mercet, R. G. (1925) Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 25 (9), 469-476. Della Beffa, G. (1961) Gli insetti dannosi all'agricoltura ed i moderni metodi e mezzi di lotta (3rd [East.] edition). U. Hoepli, Milan, Italy, xx + 1106 pp. [Calabria, Liguria, Puglia, Salernitano.] Canary Islands X Anon. (1926) Boletín de la Estación de Patología Vegetal 1 (4), 150-163. Pucci, C.; Spanedda, A. F.; Minutoli, E. (2003) Bulletin of Insectology 56 (2), 221-224. Franquinho Aguiar, A. M.; Karsholt, O. (2006) Boletin Museu Municipal do Funchal 9, 5-139. [Castelgiorgio, Umbria.] Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Pucci, C.; Spanedda, A. F.; Minutoli, E. (2003) Bulletin of Insectology 56 (2), 221-224. [Central.] Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Sardinia X Della Beffa, G. (1961) Gli insetti dannosi all'agricoltura ed i moderni metodi e mezzi di lotta (3rd Mainland Spain B Anon. (1939) Publicaciones de la Estación de Fitopatología Agrícola de Galicia 13, 40 pp. [Galicia.] edition). U. Hoepli, Milan, Italy, xx + 1106 pp. Berro Aguilera, J. (1932) Boletín de Patologia Vegetal y Entomologia Agricola 6 (23-26), 145-152. Luciano, P.; Chessa, R.; Sitzia, M. (1996) Informatore Agrario 52 (21), 55-59. [Almeria.] Ortu, S.; Floris, I. (1989) Difesa delle Piante 12 (1-2), 81-88. Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Trematerra, P.; Luciano, P.; Paparatti, B. (1996) Informatore Fitopatologico 46 (10), 55-59. Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org. Sicily X Della Beffa, G. (1961) Gli insetti dannosi all'agricoltura ed i moderni metodi e mezzi di lotta (3rd UK England and (F) Goodey, B. (2006) The moths of Essex: additions and corrections - Feb 2006. edition). U. Hoepli, Milan, Italy, xx + 1106 pp. Wales http://www.lopinga.com/htdocs/moths-sx-updates.pdf. [Jaywick, Essex.]

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Ukraine - C Movchan, A. N.; Mel'Nik, P. A. (1998) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 28 (4), 483-485. [Odessa, Tamhankar, A. J.; Harwalkar, M. R. (1994) Entomon 19 (3 & 4), 163-164. [Pune.] Kherson, Zaporozhye, Donetsk, Kharkov, Republic of Crimea.] Vickers, J. M.; Cory, J. S.; Entwistle, P. F. (1991) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 57 (3), 334-342. Omelyuta, V. P. (1998) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 28 (4), 487-491. [Donetsk, Kherson, Krym Meghalaya X Lal, L. (1990) Indian Journal of Hill Farming 3 (2), 49-52. Republic, Odessa, Zaporozh'e, Khar'kov and Zakarpat'e.] Lal, L. (1991) Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 36 (3-4), 185-190. Shpaar, D.; Shuman, P. (2000) Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii 8, 20-22. Lal, L. (1991) Indian Journal of Hill Farming 4 (2), 45-49. [Shillong.] Zhimerikin, V. N.; Dudov, M. V. (2009) Zashchita i Karantin Rastenii 4, 32-34. Orissa X Sengupta, G. C.; Behura, B. K. (1957) Memoirs of the Entomological Society of India 5, 44 pp.

Punjab X Trehan, K. N.; Pringle, S. V. (1946) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 46 (1), 139-153. ASIA Tamil Nadu X Chandramohan, N. (1995) Madras Agricultural Journal 82 (9/10), 505-507. [Nilgiris district.] Bangladesh - A Ahmed, S.; Huq, S. B.; Talukder, F. A. (1991) Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18 (2), Chandramohan, N. (1995) Madras Agricultural Journal 82 (9/10), 564. 289-290. Chandramohan, N.; Nanjan, K. (1993) Madras Agricultural Journal 80 (3), 137-139. [Nilgiris district.] Ali, M. I. (1991) Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 19 (1), 141-143. Trivedi, T. P.; Rajagopal, D.; Tandon, P. L. (1994) International Journal of Pest Management 40 (4), Das, G. P.; Magallona, E. D.; Raman, K. V.; Adalla, C. B. (1992) Agriculture, Ecosystems & 305-308. Environment 41 (3-4), 321-325. Uttar Pradesh X Fletcher, T. B. (1914) Report of the Agricultural Research Institute and College, Pusa 1913-1914, Islam, M. N.; Nessa, Z.; Karim, M. A. (1991) Proceedings of the 1st National workshop on tuber Calcutta, 62-75. [Farrukhabad.] crops, 28-30 May 1989, 140-154. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Verma, R. S. (1967) Labdev Journal of Science and Technology 5 (4), 318. [Farrakhabad District China - X Cao, J.; Chen, Z.; Wen, J. (1981) Zoological Research 2 (4), 327-332. (Dahra Nagar), Kalganpur and Kanpur.] Guizhou X Wu, J. Y. (1957) Acta Entomologica Sinica 7 (1), 67-88. West Bengal X Konar, A.; Mohasin, M. (2004) Journal of Interacademicia 8 (2), 230-235. [Bionchee (Hooghly Yunnan X Li, Z. Y.; Zhang, Q. W. (2005) Plant Protection 31 (3), 57-61. district), and Memari and Kalna (Burdwan district).] Tsao, C. (1964) Acta Phytophylacica Sinica 3 (4), 353-360. Indonesia - X Eveleens, K. G.; Rustaman; Harsono; Rusmiati, M. (1976) Bulletin Penelitian Hortikultura 4 (5), 25- Georgia - C Anon. (1993) Zashchita Rastenii 9, 25. [Adjara.] 37. [Highlands.] Komarova, G. F.; Markosyan, A. F. (1984) Zashchita Rastenii 2, 36-37. [Abkhazia.] Katayama, K.; Teramoto, T. (1997) Agrochemicals Japan 70, 22-25. Logvinovskaya, T. V. (1982) Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 61 (4), 821-823. [Sukhumshii.] Shiozawa, H. (2004) Agrochemicals Japan 84, 21-24. Markosyan, A. F. (1992) Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71 (2), 334-338. Java X Kalshoven, L. G. E.; Laan, P. A. van der (1981) Pests of crops in Indonesia. Ichtiar Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia, 701 pp. India - A Mathew, D.; Duraimurugan, P. (2002) Plant Protection Bulletin (Faridabad) 54 (3/4), 25-34. Setiawati, W.; Soeriaatmadja, R. E.; Rubiati, T.; Chujoy, E. (1999) Indonesian Journal of Crop Ramakrishna Ayyar, T. V. (1940) Handbook of economic entomology for south India. Government Science 14 (1), 10-16. [Lembang.] Press, Madras, India, 528 pp. [South India, chiefly on the hills and in the Mysore Plateau.] Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. Trivedi, T. P.; Rajagopal, D. (1992) Tropical Pest Management 38 (3), 279-285. ACIAR, Canberra, Australia, 138 pp. Bihar X Fletcher, T. B. (1920) Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture, India, Entomology Series 6 (1-9), Zeddam, J. L.; Pollet, A.; Mangoendiharjo, S.; Ramadhan, T. H.; Lopez Ferber, M. (1999) Journal of 217 pp. [Bankipur, Bettiah, Pumeah and Pusa.] Invertebrate Pathology 74 (1), 48-54. [Lembang and Wonosobo.] Nirula, K. K.; Rabinder Kumar (1965) Indian Potato Journal 6 (1), 30-33. [Patna.] Sulawesi X Kalshoven, L. G. E. (1950) De plagen van de cultuurgewassen in Indonesië. Deel I. W. van Hoeve, Gujarat X EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). The Hague, 512 pp. Himachal Pradesh X Chandel, R. S.; Chandla, V. K. (2005) Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 75 (12), 837-839. Kalshoven, L. G. E.; Laan, P. A. van der (1981) Pests of crops in Indonesia. Ichtiar Baru, Jakarta, Chandel, R. S.; Kumar, R.; Kashyap, N. P. (2001) Journal of Entomological Research 25 (3), 195- Indonesia, 701 pp. 203. 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(1994) International Journal of Pest Management 40 (4), Ali, A. B. M. H.; Hussien, F. A. A. (1988) Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 20 (2), 301-313. 305-308. [Ninevah district.] Trivedi, T. P.; Rajagopal, D.; Tandon, P. L. (1994) Journal of the Indian Potato Association 21 (1/2), Gentry, J. W. (1965) USDA Agricultural Handbook 273, 210 pp. 97-105. Israel - A Coll, M.; Fleischer, S. J.; Rosen, D. (1997) Journal of Economic Entomology 90 (1), 154-159. Trivedi, T. P.; Rajagopal, D.; Tandon, P. L. (1994) Journal of the Indian Potato Association 21 (3/4), Coll, M.; Gavish, S.; Dori, I. (2000) Bulletin of Entomological Research 90 (4), 309-315. 207-210. Gilboa, S.; Podoler, H. (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 72 (3), 197-206. Madhya Pradesh X Dharpure, S. R. (2002) Journal of the Indian Potato Association 29 (3/4), 135-138. Keasar, T.; Kalish, A.; Becher, O.; Steinberg, S. (2005) Journal of Economic Entomology 98 (1), Maharashtra X Pokharkar, D. S.; Jogi, R. R. 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Japan - A Ono, T.; Chouvalitwongporn, P.; Saito, T. (1997) Applied Entomology and Zoology 32 (3), 514-517. Turkey - C Bozkurt, E.; Genc, H. (1994) Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry 18 (2), 111-116. [Izmir.] Toguchi, A. (1999) Agrochemicals Japan 73, 9-11. Caliskaner, S.; Dortbudak, N.; Has, A. (1989) Bitki Koruma Bulteni 29 (1-2), 65-79. [Central Honshu A Koizumi, K. (1955) Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University 7, 36-45. Anatolia.] [Hiroshima Prefecture.] Has, A.; Dortbudak, N.; Caliskaner, S.; Erdogan, P.; Aydemir, M. (1995) Zirai Mucadele Arastirma Ono, T. (1988) Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 32 (1), 77-79. [Nagoya.] Yilligi 30, 17-18. [Central Anatolia.] Ono, T. (1993) Journal of Chemical Ecology 19 (1), 71-81. [Nagoya.] Zumreoglu, S. (1987) Turkish National Congress of Entomology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey, 13-16 October 1987, 149-156. Ege Universitesi Ataturk Kultur Merkezi, Bornova/Izmir, Turkey. Kyushu A Koizumi, K. (1955) Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University 7, 36-45. Vietnam - X Anon. (1962) Annual work progress report on crop improvement program of rice, sugarcane, Shikoku A EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). vegetable and field crops (for the period from July, 1961 to June, 1962 (II). Dir. Rural Affairs Jordan - X Gentry, J. W. (1965) USDA Agricultural Handbook 273, 210 pp. Vietnam, Saigon, 299 pp. Kabour, K.; Mufaddi, S. (1972) Plant Protection Studies 1972, 11-14. Plant Protection Research Ghesquière, J. (1941) Revue de Botanique Appliquée et d'Agriculture Tropicale 21, 765. [Tonkin.] Section, Ministry of Agriculture, Jordan. [Wadi Duleil station.] Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. Korea Republic - X APPPC (1987) Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia ACIAR, Canberra, Australia, 138 pp. and the Pacific region. Technical Document 135. 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(1993) The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. ACIAR, Canberra, Australia, 138 pp. Nepal - X Rana, P. N.; Sharma, K. C. (1965) Technical Document, FAO Plant Protection Commission for AFRICA Southeast Asia 49, 6 pp. Algeria - A Balachowsky, A.; Mesnil, L. (1936) In: Les insectes nuisibles aux plantes cultivées, Vol. 2, 1141- Oman - X Abbas, M. S. T.; Hubeis, M. M. A. (1999) Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 77 (4), 1485- 1457. Établ. Busson, Paris, France. 1492. [Salalah.] Joseph, E. (1982) Programme of action for the improvement of plant protection - Algeria. Second Deadman, M. L.; Khan, I. A.; Al-Habsi, K.; Al-Saadi, A. M.; Thacker, J. R. M. (2002) BCPC meeting on plant health surveillance, Algeria, 26 July-11 August 1982, 1-32. FAO, Rome, Italy. Conference: Pests and diseases, Vol. 1 and 2, Brighton, UK, 18-21 November 2002, 177-182. Marco, S. (1981) Proceedings of the International Symposium on Potatoes in Hot Climates, Herzlia, British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK. Israel, May 1981. Ministry of Agriculture, Jerusalem, Israel. Pakistan - X Anwar, M. P.; Munshi, G. H.; Hussain, T.; Shahwani, M. I. (1987) Proceedings of the 5th Pakistan Burundi - X Parker, B. L.; Hunt, G. L. T. (1989) American Potato Journal 66 (9), 583-586. Congress of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan, 8-11 January 1986, 149-151. Zoological Society of Cape Verde - X Franquinho Aguiar, A. M.; Karsholt, O. (2006) Boletin Museu Municipal do Funchal 9, 5-139. Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan. Congo - X EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). Fletcher, T. B. (1920) Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture, India, Entomology Series 6 (1-9), 217 pp. [Mirpurkhas.] Congo - X Buyckx, E. J. E. (1962) Publications de l'Institut National pour l'Étude Agronomique du Congo, hors Democratic série, 708 pp. Ghotari, A. S. K. (1960) Technical Document, FAO Plant Protection Committee for the South East Republic Asia and Pacific Region 8, 23. Ghesquière, J. (1940) Annales du Musée du Congo Belge C Zoologie Série III (II) 1, 51-52. [Haut- Philippines - X Anon. (1990) RAPA Publication 1990/3, 78. Luapula, Lubumbashi, Katanga Province and Uélé, Orientale Province.] Saudi Arabia - X El-Atrouzy, N. A.; Awaad, R. M. (1986) Agricultural Research Review 61 (1), 57-65. Ghesquière, J. (1941) Revue de botanique appliquée et d'agriculture tropicale 21, 765. [Marungu, El-Garhy, M. S. (1980) Potato Research 23 (3), 361-363. Katanga Province.] Povolny, D. (1986) Fauna of Saudi Arabia 8, 249-255. Parker, B. L.; Hunt, G. L. T. (1989) American Potato Journal 66 (9), 583-586. Sri Lanka - X Fernando, H. E.; Manickavasagar, P. (1959) The Tropical Agriculturist 114 (2), 127-139. Egypt - X Abbas, M. S. T.; Abdel-Samad, S. S. M. (2006) Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 14 Wahundeniya, I. (1990) Proceedings: Integrated Pest Management in Tropical and Subtropical (1), 439-445. [Menofyia Governorate.] Cropping Systems 3, Bad Durkheim, Germany, 8-15 February 1989, 999-1012. Deutsche Helalia, A. R.; El-Nabarawy, I. M.; Abdel-Lateef, M. F. A.; Mansour, Y. M. M. (2005) Annals of Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, Germany. Agricultural Science, Moshtohor 43 (2), 919-929. [Bany-Shibie, Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate.] Syria - X Gentry, J. W. (1965) USDA Agricultural Handbook 273, 210 pp. Mandour, N. S.; Mahmoud, M. F.; Osman, M. A. N.; Qiu, B. L. (2008) Biocontrol Science and Thailand - X APPPC (1987) Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia Technology 18 (9), 903-912. and the Pacific region. Technical Document 135. Regional FAO Office for Asia and the Pacific Sabbour, M. M. (2006) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9 (10), 1929-1934. (RAPA), Bangkok, Thailand, 56 pp. Eritrea - X Lotto, G. de (1947) Bollettino della Società Italiana di Medecina (sezione Eritrea) 7 (5-6), 573-584. Ono, T.; Chouvalitwongporn, P.; Saito, T. (1997) Applied Entomology and Zoology 32 (3), 514-517. Ethiopia - X Gentry, J. W. (1965) USDA Agricultural Handbook 273, 210 pp. Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. Sileshi, G.; Teriessa, J. (2001) International Journal of Pest Management 47 (2), 109-113. ACIAR, Canberra, Australia, 138 pp. [Alemaya.]

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Kenya - X Parker, B. L.; Hunt, G. L. T. (1989) American Potato Journal 66 (9), 583-586. Blair, B. W. (1990) Insect and mite pests of tobacco in Zimbabwe: description, biology and damage. Pelley, R. H. le (1959) Agricultural insects of East Africa. East African High Commission, Nairobi, Tobacco Research Board, Harare, Zimbabwe, ii + 17 pp. Kenya, 307 pp. Mitchell, B. L. (1978) Rhodesia Agricultural Journal 75 (3), 55-58. NHM (1955) [Ruiru]. Shaw, M. J. P. (1972) Beitrage zur Tabakforschung 6 (3), 144-147. Libya - X Gentry, J. W. (1965) USDA Agricultural Handbook 273, 210 pp. Madagascar - X Brenière, J.; Dubois, J. (1965) Docum. Div. Ent. Agric. Inst. Rech. Agron. Madagascar 43, 168 pp. NORTH AMERICA Malawi - X Smee, C. (1940) Report of the Entomologist 1939. Department of Agriculture, Zomba, Nyasaland, Mexico - X Dominguez-Jimenez, I.; Llanderal-Cazares, C.; Nieto-Hernandez, R. (2000) Agrociencia 34 (5), 611- 11 pp. 617. [Leon, State of Guanajuato.] Mauritius - X Dove, H.; Williams, J. R. (1971) Annual Report. Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute, Port Gibson, W. W.; Carillo-Sanchez, J. L. (1959) Foll. misc. Sec. Agric. Ganad. 9, 164. [Guadalajara, Louis, Mauritius, 131+ xvii+ iv pp. Jalisco and Zamora, Michoacán.] Moutia, L. A. (1955) Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Mauritius 91, 18. Hecht, O. (1954) Plagas agrícolas: Introducción a la biología de las plagas causadas por insectos y Williams, J. R.; Dove, H. (1972) Revue Agricole et Sucriere de l'Ile Maurice 51 (2), 88-90. los métodos de combatirlas. Edit. cient. latino amer. Libertad, DF, Mexico, xi + 199 pp. Morocco - B Hanafi, A. (2005) Potato in progress: science meets practice. Potato 2005, Emmeloord, Llanderal-Cazares, C.; Lagunes Tejeda, A.; Carrillo-Sanchez, J. L.; Sosa-Moss, C.; Vera-Graziano, Netherlands, 5-7 September 2005, 203-210. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, J.; Bravo-Mojica, H. (1996) Journal of Entomological Science 31 (4), 420-426. Netherlands. [South.] USA - A Cooper, S. G.; Douches, D. S.; Zarka, K.; Grafius, E. J. (2009) American Journal of Potato Research Rungs, C. E. E. (1962) Al Awamia 5, 153-157. 86 (1), 24-30. [Northwest.] Thal, J. (1979) Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 52 (3), 44-47. Metcalf, C. L.; Flint, W. P. (1962) Destructive and useful insects. Their habits and control (4th [Casablanca.] edition). McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York and London, 1087 pp. Reunion - X Plenet, A. (1960) Revue agricole Réunion 60, 167-181. Opler, P. A.; Lotts, K.; Naberhaus, T. (2010) Potato Tuberworm Moth: Phthorimaea operculella Rwanda - X Parker, B. L.; Hunt, G. L. T. (1989) American Potato Journal 66 (9), 583-586. (Zeller, 1873). Butterflies and Moths of North America. Big Sky Institute, Bozeman, MT, USA. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=6250. Senegal - X Risbec, J. (1950) Trav. Lab. Ent. Sect. souda. Rech. agron. 1-2, 638 pp. Shands, W. A.; Landis, B. J. (1964) USDA Agricultural Handbook 264, 61 pp. [Established in 22 Seychelles - X NHM (1908). states from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. However, damage rarely occurs in the field except in South Africa - A Annecke, D. P.; Moran, V. C.; Watmough, R. (1992) Plant Protection News 29, 8. California and in the coastal sections of Virginia.] Daiber, K. C. (1991) Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 98 (3), 268-280. Alabama X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Kfir, R. (1989) Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 52 (1), 180-181. Arizona X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Visser, D.; Schoeman, A. S. (2004) African Entomology 12 (1), 133-137. [Roodeplaat and Anon. (1960) USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report 10, 167. [First record of larvae infesting Zeekoegat.] stored potatoes; adults normally picked up each year.] St Helena - X Wallace, C. R. (1960) Report on an investigation of agricultural pests in St. Helena, 1957-1959. California X Flanders, R. V.; Oatman, E. R. (1987) Hilgardia 55 (1), 1-34. [South.] Colonial Office, London, ii + 54 pp. Shelton, A. M.; Wyman, J. A. (1979) Journal of Economic Entomology 72 (4), 599-601. Sudan - X Ali, M. A. (1993) Journal of Agricultural Science 121 (2), 187-192. [Khartoum.] Shelton, A. M.; Wyman, J. A. (1980) Journal of Economic Entomology 73 (1), 8-11. Siddig, S. A. (1988) Acta Horticulturae 218, 281-287. Colorado X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Siddig, S. A. (1990) Proceedings of the Integrated Pest Management in Tropical and Subtropical Delaware X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Cropping Systems 1, Bad Durkheim, 5-8 February 1989, 281-291. Deutsche Landwirtschafts- Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, Germany. District of X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Columbia Tanzania - X Parker, B. L.; Hunt, G. L. T. (1989) American Potato Journal 66 (9), 583-586. [Mount Meru, Rongai and West Kilimanjaro.] Florida X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Tunisia - A Laarif, A.; Fattouch, S.; Essid, W.; Marzouki, N.; Salah, H. B.; Hammouda, M. H. B. (2003) Bulletin Georgia X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 33 (2), 335-338. [North, Cap Bon, and Sahel regions.] Hawaii X Holdaway, F. G. et al. (1941) Report of the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station 1940, 38-45. Lagnaoui, A.; Salah, H. B.; El-Bedewy, R. (1996) CIP Circular 22 (1), 10-15. Idaho X Anon. (1959) USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report 9, 171. [First record in potatoes in Idaho Lery, X.; Abol-Ela, S.; Giannotti, J. (1998) Acta Virologica 42 (1), 13-21. since eradication of introduced infestation in 1946. Boise.] Roux, O.; Baumgartner, J. (1998) Ecological Modelling 109 (1), 61-75. Dogramaci, M.; Tingey, W. M. (2008) Journal of Pest Science 81 (1), 17-22. Zambia - X Angus, A. (1965) Annotated list of plant pests, diseases and fungi in Northern Rhodesia recorded at NAPIS (accessed 2012) Pest Tracker. National Agricultural Pest Information System. PPQ and the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Mount Makulu Research Station, to 1962. Part 7. Mount Makulu CAPS, APHIS-USDA. http://pest.ceris.purdue.edu/index.php. Research Station, 63 pp. Illinois (D) EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). Cruickshank, S.; Ahmed, F. (1973) Technical Bulletin of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Indiana (D) EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). Control 16, 147-162. Iowa X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Zimbabwe - A Anon. (1985) Tobacco Research Board - annual report and accounts for the year ended 30th June Kansas (D) EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). 1985, 5-7. Tobacco Research Board, Harare, Zimbabwe. Kentucky X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Louisiana X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705.

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Maryland X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Rodriguez V. C.; Cespedes Z. R.; Leon G. R.; Lepiz C. C. (1993) Manejo Integrado de Plagas 29, 6- Massachusetts (D) EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). 13. [Tierra Blanca de Cartago and Cantion de Dota.] Michigan X Anon. (1963) USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report 13, 1144. [Michigan-Ohio state line.] Cuba - X Ayala Sifontes, J. L.; Vera Catala, E. R. (1988) Centro Agricola 15 (3), 39-46. Minnesota X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Bruner, S. C.; Scaramuzza, L. C.; Otero, A. R. (1945) Boletín Estación Experimental Agronómica Cuba 63, 246 pp. Mississippi X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Mayea, S.; Mendez, R. (1980) Centro Agricola 7 (2), 23-32. Missouri X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Dominican - X Russo, G. (1927) Laboratorio de Entomología, Estación Nacional Agronómica, Colegio de Opler, P. A.; Lotts, K.; Naberhaus, T. (accessed 2009) Potato Tuberworm Moth - Phthorimaea Republic Agricultura, 13 pp. [Monte Cristi.] operculella (Zeller, 1873). Big Sky Institute, Bozeman, Montana, USA. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=6250. Haiti - X Anon. (1929) Annual Report, Technical Service, Department of Agriculture, Haiti 1928-1929, Bulletin 17, 157-166. Nebraska X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Jamaica - X Gowdey, C. C. (1926) Department of Agriculture, Jamaica, Entomology Bulletin 4 (1-2), 59. Nevada X Anon. (1958) USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report 8, 77. [Panaca area.] Puerto Rico - X Wolcott, G. N. (1951) Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 32, 723-724. New Jersey X Weiss, H. B. (1944) Entomological News 55 (5), 135-136. [South.] St Vincent and - X EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). New Mexico X NHM (1927) [Mescalero]. Grenadines New York (D) EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). North Carolina X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. SOUTH AMERICA Ohio X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Argentina - A Blanchard, E. E. et al. (1945) Publicaciones del Instituto de Sanidad Vegetal, Ser. A 1 (6), 10. Anon. (1963) USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report 13, 1144. [Michigan-Ohio state line.] [Buenos Aires, Santa Fé, Mendoza, San Juan, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Salta and Jujuy.] Oregon X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Lloyd, D. C. (1972) Technical Bulletin of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control 15, 35-49. Anon. (2006) Annual Report - Section three: IPPM section continued. ODA Plant Division Section, [Santa Fe and Balcarce.] Salem, Oregon, USA. http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/PLANT/plant_ann_rep06_ippm_part2.shtml. Ramallo, J. C.; Weht, S.; Garcia, A. E. (1976) Boletin de Divulgacion, Universidad Nacional de [Marion County.] Tucuman, Facultad de Agronomia y Zootecnia 5, 1-50. [Northeast.] Dogramaci, M.; Rondon, S. I.; DeBano, S. J. (2008) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 129 Torres, B. A. (1950) Publicaciones del Instituto de Sanidad Vegetal, Ministry of Agriculture (3), 332-339. [Columbia Basin.] Argentina, Ser. B 6 (17), 16. NAPIS (2012) Pest Tracker - National Agricultural Pest Information System Potato. Tuberworm - Bolivia - A Bentley, J. W.; Boa, E.; Danielsen, S.; Franco, P.; Antezana, O.; Villarroel, B.; Rodriguez, H.; Phthorimaea operculella. http://pest.ceris.purdue.edu/searchmap.php?selectName=ITAMAPA. Ferrrufino, J.; Franco, J. et al. (2009) Food Security 1 (3), 371-386. Pennsylvania X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Hernandez, C. S.; Andrew, R.; Bel, Y.; Ferre, J. (2005) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 88 (1), 8- Rhode Island X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. 16. South Carolina X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Munro, J. A. (1954) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 2 (7), 97-101. South Dakota X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Squire, F. A. (1972) PANS 18, 254-256. Tennessee X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Brazil - A Barbosa, S. (1983) Proceedings Research for the Potato in year 2000, Lima, Peru, 22-27 February Texas X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. 1982, 64-65. International Potato Center, Lima, Peru. Utah X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Bertels, M. A. (1961) Circular, Instituto Agronômico do Sul 16, 17 pp. Virginia X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Gravena, S. (1984) 14th Brazilian Congress of Vegetable Growers. 1st Latin American Meeting of Shands, W. A.; Landis, B. J. (1964) USDA Agricultural Handbook 264, 61 pp. Horticulture, Jaboticabal, Brazil, 16-21 July 1984, 129-149. Sociedade de Olericultura do Brasil, Brasilia, Brazil. Washington X Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705. Menschoy, A. B. (1975) Boletim Tecnico, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria 99, 1-23. Dogramaci, M.; Rondon, S. I.; DeBano, S. J. (2008) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 129 (3), 332-339. [Columbia Basin.] Bahia X Costa Lima, A. da (1936) Terceiro catalogo dos insectos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil. Ministério da Agricultura, Escola de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 460 pp. Wisconsin (D) EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). Goias X Costa Lima, A. da (1936) Terceiro catalogo dos insectos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil. Ministério da Agricultura, Escola de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 460 pp. [Distrito Federal.] CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN Minas Gerais X Costa Lima, A. da (1936) Terceiro catalogo dos insectos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil. Ministério Antigua and - X EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). da Agricultura, Escola de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 460 pp. [Maria da Fé.] Barbuda Parana X Vernalha, M. M. et al. (1966) Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia 12, 65. [Araucária.] Bermuda - X Bennett, F. D.; Hughes, I. W. (1959) Bulletin of Entomological Research 50 (3), 423-436. Rio Grande do Sul X EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). Cock, M. J. W. (1985) A review of biological control of pests in the Commonwealth Caribbean and Sao Paulo X Gravena, S.; Campos, A. R.; Maia, O. S.; Paulaneto, G. T. (1980) Anais da Sociedade Bermuda up to 1982. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, UK, xii + 218 pp. [First Entomologica do Brasil 9 (2), 241-248. recorded in 1931.] Chile - B Caltagirone, Z. L. (1957) Agricultura Técnica 17 (1), 16-48. Costa Rica - X Hilje, L. (1994) Manejo Integrado de Plagas 31, 43-46. [Cartago.] Guglielmetti, M. H. (1978) Agricultura Tecnica, Chile 38 (1), 40-41. Rodriguez V. C. L.; Lepiz C. C. S. (1990) Manejo Integrado de Plagas 16, 28-31.

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Larrain, S. P.; Guillon, M.; Kalazich, B. J.; Grana, S. F.; Vasquez, R. C. (2007) Chilean Journal of South Australia A CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Agricultural Research 67 (4), 431-436. [Valle del Elqui, Coquimbo region.] Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Larrain, S. P.; Guillon, M.; Kalazich, J.; Grana, F.; Vasquez, C. (2009) Chilean Journal of Agricultural Dillard, H. R.; Wicks, T. J.; Philp, B. (1993) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33 (5), Research 69 (2), 281-285. [Valle del Elqui, Coquimbo region.] 653-661. Colombia - A Gallego, M. F. L. (1967) Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín 26, 57. Helson, G. A. H. (1949) Bulletin of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Jaramillo, N. J. E.; Alvarez, A. A. M.; Saldarriaga, V. A. (1989) Revista Colombiana de Entomologia Organization Australia 248, 27 pp. 15 (2), 28-35. ANIC (1993) [Yudnamutana Bore Arkaroola Stn]; (1993) [near Arkaroola Village]; (1983) [Murray Ecuador - C Dangles, O.; Carpio, C.; Barragan, A. R.; Zeddam, J. L.; Silvain, J. F. (2008) Ecological Applications Bridge]; (1978) [near Lake Eyre South]. 18 (7), 1795-1809. [Central.] Tasmania A Chapman, G. F. (1978) Tasmanian Journal of Agriculture 49 (1), 5-16. Paraguay - B Meyrick, E. (1931) Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 37, 280. CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Peru - A Ewell, P. T.; Fano, H.; Raman, K. V.; Alcazar, J.; Palacios, M.; Carhuamaca, J. (1994) Food Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Systems Research Series, International Potato Center 6, 1-72. Helson, G. A. H. (1949) Bulletin of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Guerra, P. C.; Molina, I. Y.; Yabar, E.; Gianoli, E. (2007) Journal of Applied Entomology 131 (2), Organization Australia 248, 27 pp. 134-138. [Cusco.] ANIC (1991) [near Port Sorell]; (1991) [Lillicos Beach Devonport]; (1978) [Mount Wellington]; (1938) Iannacone, J.; Lamas, G. (2003) Entomotropica 18 (2), 95-105. [Derby]. Vickers, J. M.; Cory, J. S.; Entwistle, P. F. (1991) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 57 (3), 334-342. Victoria A CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Uruguay - A Lloyd, D. C. (1972) Technical Bulletin of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control 15, 35-49. [Montevideo.] Helson, G. A. H. (1949) Bulletin of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Australia 248, 27 pp. Ruffinelli, A.; Carbonell, C. S. (1954) Revista de la Asociación de Ingenieros Agrónomos 94, 33-82. Horne, P. A. (1990) Bulletin of Entomological Research 80 (2), 159-163. Venezuela - A Guillen, L.; Alcalade, M. D.; Fernandez, S.; Pire, A.; Alvarez, C. (2008) Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad del Zulia 25 (2), 223-242. Osmelak, J. A. (1987) Plant Protection Quarterly 2 (1), 44. [On pepino (Solanum muricatum). Melbourne.] Ramos-Carranza, G.; Acevedo, C. E. (1999) Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad del Zulia 16 (3), 219-226. [Mucuchies, Merida state.] Western Australia B CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Salas, J. (2007) Bioagro 19 (3), 143-147. [Quibor, Lara State.] Helson, G. A. H. (1949) Bulletin of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Zamora, F.; Tua, D. (2000) FONAIAP Divulga 67, 16-17. [Federacion municipality, Falcon state.] Organization Australia 248, 27 pp. Springett, B. P.; Matthiessen, J. N. (1975) Australian Journal of Zoology 23 (1), 65-70. OCEANIA EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). [Restricted to the southwest.] Australia - A Briese, D. T. (1981) Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 20 (4), 319-326. Fiji - X Hinckley, A. D. (1965) Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Fiji 45, 116 pp. Briese, D. T.; Mende, H. A. (1981) Bulletin of Entomological Research 71 (1), 11-18. French - B Hammes, C.; Chant, H.; Mu, L. (1989) Manuel de défense des cultures en Polynésie Française. CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Polynesia Entomologie Agricole, Notes et documents No. 3, 304. Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Meyrick, E. (1929) Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 76, 496. [Hiva Oa.] New South Wales A Baggen, L. R. et al. (2000) Hymenoptera: evolution, biodiversity and biological control. 4th NHM (1903) [Papeete, Tahiti]. International Hymenoptera Conference, Canberra, Australia, January 1999, 388-395. CSIRO EPPO (2012) PQR database (version 5.0). [Marquesas Islands and Society Islands.] Publishing, Collingwood, Australia. Guam - X Vandenberg, S. R. (1928) Annual Report of the Guam Agricultural Experiment Station 1926, 15-19. Baggen, L. R.; Gurr, G. M. (1998) Biological Control 11 (1), 9-17. [First record.] CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, New Caledonia - X Cohic, F. (1958) Les parasites animaux de la tomate. L'Institut français d'Océanie, Noumea, 11 pp. Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. New Zealand - A APPPC (1987) Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia Vickers, J. M.; Cory, J. S.; Entwistle, P. F. (1991) Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 57 (3), 334-342. and the Pacific region. Technical Document 135. Regional FAO Office for Asia and the Pacific [Australian Capital Territory.] (RAPA), Bangkok, Thailand, 56 pp. Northern Territory X CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Herman, T. (1999) Commercial Grower 54 (1), 20. [Matamata and Opiki.] Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Herman, T. J. B.; Clearwater, J. R.; Triggs, C. M. (2005) New Zealand Plant Protection 58, 219-223. ANIC (1978) [near Alice Springs]. Herman, T.; Clearwater, J. (1998) Commercial Grower 53 (3), 27-28. Queensland A CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Norfolk Island - X CSIRO (2004) Australian Insect Scientific Names: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). CSIRO, Victoria, Australia. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3260.htm. Cunningham, I. C.; Broadley, R. H. (1975) Queensland Agricultural Journal 101 (5), 617-622. Papua New - X APPPC (1987) Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia Keeratikasikorn, M.; Hooper, G. H. S. (1981) Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 20 (4), Guinea and the Pacific region. Technical Document 135. Regional FAO Office for Asia and the Pacific 309-311. [Lockyer Valley.] (RAPA), Bangkok, Thailand, 56 pp. ANIC (1986) [Prince Henry Heights, Toowoomba]; (1948) [Rockhampton]; (1931) [Bunya French, B. R. (1996) Insect pests of Papua New Guinea foods. Mountains]; (1929) [Lamington National Park].

Page 7 June 2012 Phthorimaea operculella Map No. 10 (2nd revision)

The records from ANIC refer to specimens in the Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.

The most detailed account of Phthorimaea operculella in the USA is in Anon. (1941), where it is mentioned that state records do not necessarily indicate that the insect is established. Illinois and Indiana are queried on the map as there are only single records for these states dating from 1930 and 1917 respectively. Wisconsin, in which there were traces of P. operculella during the years 1934-1938, is also queried since it is stated that the insect had not been reported since the latter date. Kansas and Massachusetts, in which the species is reported to be introduced but not established are omitted, as is New York where the insect is sometimes imported. Anon. (1941) USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin 21, 683-705.

The reference for British Columbia (BC), Canada in the previous edition of this map is unreliable. Although the author reported that this species was recorded for the first time in BC in 1958, he did not state that it was established in this province or provide any information as to the extent of the damage caused, and whether the damage was recorded in the field, greenhouse, or in storage. In addition, no voucher specimen of this insect (from BC) was deposited at the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada (Abdul Ameen, CFIA, personal communication, 2011). MacNay, C. G. (1961) Canadian Insect Pest Review 39 (supplement 1), 38 pp.

Fauna Europaea lists records for Austria, Belgium, Corsica (France), Germany, Gibraltar, Hungary, Crete (Greece), Macedonia, Netherlands, the Balearic Islands (Spain), Switzerland and the UK, however these are not supported by other literature, and may be records of interceptions of the pest from imported stored potatoes. Karsholt, O.; Nieukerken, E. J. van (2011) Fauna Europaea: Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873). Fauna Europaea version 2.4. http://www.faunaeur.org.

The previous map lists specimen records held in the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Berlin from Albania, however no recent supplementary records could be found.

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