STAR-K KOSHER CERTIFICATION rtnhyktcs ,urafv sgu Kashrus KurrentsVOLUME 25 NO. 2

WINTER 5 765-2005

MESSAGE Oven Kashrus: FROM THE President FOR SHABBOS USE AVROM POLLAK R ABBI AVROHOM MUSHELL It has now been several STAR-K KASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR weeks since word began spreading about Star-K’s Cookin’ just ain’t what it used to be. Technological advances have taken the innovative program (see the old stovetop and oven and upgraded them to be safer, more efficient, and smart article in this issue, “Striking for today’s lifestyle. They have also made them far more complicated. With these Matches: Star-K Partnering transformations, the observant Jew is faced with challenges that did not confront with Shadchanim”, by Mrs. him in the past. To understand how these changes affect the halachic use of the M. Pensak) of offering a range on Shabbos and Yom Tov, it is worthwhile to review some laws and concepts monetary incentive to as they relate to cooking on Shabbos and Yom Tov. anyone who successfully arranges a shidduch for women above a certain age in our Baltimore Definition of Melacha community. Reaction has been very positive, Cooking on Shabbos is a Torah prohibition derived from the constructive acts although - not unexpectedly - we have also received done in erecting the mishkan. This forbidden act is known as a melacha. There are a number of humorous responses. 39 categories of acts that are prohibited. One old acquaintance of mine good-naturedly Melacha of Cooking inquired if he were to divorce his wife and then re- The prohibition of cooking on Shabbos is defined as the act of using heat to marry her, would he be eligible for the reward? make a substance edible or to change its state. In order for food to be considered Many wondered how in the world we came up with hot, the food must reach a temperature of yad soledes bo (120°F), hot enough to the lower age limit of 22 years and 2 months. We cause one to withdraw his hand due to the heat. If the food will not reach a even received a mock threatening letter from a temperature of yad soledes bo there is no concern of cooking. Lighting a flame on disgruntled man, threatening us with a law suit for Shabbos is also prohibited as it is written, 1“,cav ouhc ofh,ucaun kfc at urgc, tk” gender discrimination. Some felt that the $2,000 The Torah prohibition of creating a fire on Shabbos also includes adding to an incentive (no, it is not a bounty!) should be existing flame. This is referred to as mosif havarah. Furthermore, one may not do replaced with a sliding scale, depending on the an action that will “cause” the flame to go on if it is the end result of his action. actual age of the women matched. And, a mother of The term for this is gram havara. a single girl, who has not yet had her first date, suggested that engaged couples, as a sign of their Aino Mechaven “hakoras ha’tov” to Hashem for helping them find There is a general rule regarding actions prohibited by the Torah that says that each other, make a concerted effort to help their when one does an action and one’s intent is not for the prohibited reaction that single friends in need of a shidduch. results, it is permitted. This is called aino mechaven, which literally means that On the flip side of the coin, a number of there was no intent to do the activity. (For example, dragging a bench on the individuals, including eligible men themselves ground on Shabbos to bring it to another location is permitted even though it may seeking their “bashert”, have suggested that a fund make a groove in the ground [plowing].) However, if this unintended be established which would cover the high cost of consequence must result in the prohibited activity being done, it is as if one had initially intended to perform the prohibited action, and the action is prohibited CONTINUED ON PAGE 9 (i.e. dragging a heavy bench on soft earth where it will surely make a groove in the ground). This is called a psik reisha. Nevertheless on Shabbos, where the resulting consequence is neither wanted nor intended, it is classified as a psik reisha d’lo nicha leih, Insidethis issue which is permitted by Torah law 2 although prohibited by Rabbinic law. Oven Kashrus: For Shabbos Use ...... Page 1 President’s Message ...... Page 1 A Kashrus Guide To Medications, Vitamins, & Nutritional Supplements...... Page 2 New Under Star-K Kosher Certification ....Page 4 CONTINUED ON PAGE 6 Star-K Partnering with Shadchanim ...... Page 5 Over-the-Counter Medications ...... Page 11 A KASHRUS GUIDE TO Medications,Vitamins, & Nutritional Supplements R ABBI DOVID HEBER, K ASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR

past seven days without any known tion vkhft lrsf tka, in an uncommon way lobal sales of pharmaceutical products complications or who has postpartum of eating, if a kosher alternative is not G are expected to reach 500 billion dollars 3 complications that are or may become life readily available. Items which are designed annually.1 It is therefore no wonder that the threatening. This may apply for an to be swallowed4 without chewing (caplets, interest in kosher certification and approval extended period of time, depending upon swallow tablets, and even gelatin capsules), for these products has also skyrocketed. her condition. poor tasting chewable tablets, and poor Ideally, one should purchase these products tasting liquids have a vkhft lrsf tka status. with kosher certification. However, this is All instructions given by the doctor should For example, if someone has the flu, and the not always practical. It is for this reason that be carefully followed, including taking the only fever reducer available is a non-kosher one of the most frequently asked questions medication for the prescribed number of gelatin capsule, one may swallow the on the Star-K hotline relates to the kosher days, even though the symptoms may have product. Similarly, one may swallow status of these remedies. In an effort to subsided. This also applies to non-kosher Celebrex in a gelatin capsule or tablets clarify the numerous issues regarding these medication that is flavored and tastes good. containing chondroiton (derived from non- popular products, the Star-K has prepared All of the above is equally applicable on kosher bovine trachea cartilage) for chronic the following halachic guidelines based on Pesach to medication which contains debilitating arthritis pain.5 However, under the psak of Rabbi Moshe Heinemann, chometz. normal circumstances one may not take t’’yhka, Rabbinic Administrator of Star-K II. vbfx uc ihta vkuj - Someone whose life is non-kosher products if it requires eating in Kosher Certification.2 not in danger. This includes anyone who is a normal manner (e.g. non-kosher chewable bedridden, is noticeably not functioning up CATEGORIES OF ILLNESSES tablets that taste good). to par due to pain or illness, or has a fever aujhn thrc which is not potentially life threatening. A III. and - One who is experien- Before determining whether a non-kosher 6 child under six years of age who has cing slight discomfort (e.g. slight joint product may be taken, one must first 7 identify the category of illness. There are discomfort is also considered a uc ihta vkuj pains or a runny nose) or is healthy and three categories of illness: vbfx. This category also includes the takes vitamins and supplements to maintain following: good health should make every effort to I. vbfx uc aha vkuj - Someone who is ill and ensure that the product is either kosher whose life may be in danger. A uc aha vkuj ■ One who is experiencing symptoms of certified or contains all kosher ingredients. vbfx may use any non-kosher medication if the flu. If this is not possible, a Rav should be an equally effective kosher medicine is not ■ One who suffers from chronic debili- consulted since in some instances non- vkhft lrsf tka readily available. Included in this category is tating arthritis pain. kosher products taken may someone whose life is currently not in be permissible.8 danger, but if untreated could develop a life ■ One who suffers from migraine head- threatening complication. This includes an aches or mild depression. elderly person who has the flu or an infant ■ A pregnant woman suffering from with a fever. non-life threatening complications Additional examples include the following: (e.g. lower back pain). ■ One who has a heart condition, diabetes, ■ A woman who has substantially elevated blood pressure, given birth in the kidney disease, severe depression or any past thirty days with- other serious condition. out any known ■ problems or who is Someone with an infection (except for experiencing non- those skin infections known to be non-life life threatening threatening, e.g. acne) may take postpartum comp- antibiotics. lications. This may ■ A pregnant woman whose life is in apply for an ex- danger (e.g. blood clotting disorder, tended period of toxemia), or who is in active labor, or who time. is in danger of having a miscarriage. Those listed above may ■ A woman who has given birth within the take non-kosher medica-

1 Based on research conducted by IMS Health, Inc. 3 d’’x v’’be ’hx s’’uh g’’ua 2 This article is based on several different articles that have appeared in Kashrus 4z’’h hx vnka ,jbn ’hg Kurrents during the past decade. The purpose of this article is to address the kosher 5Glucosamine, another common arthritis remedy, is now available in kosher form. status and halachos of these remedies. It is in no way intended to advise consumers The Star-K certifies vegetable-based glucosamine distributed by Nutralife Health as to whether a specific product is effective. One should consult with his physician or Products of Lakewood, NJ. Unless otherwise specified on the label, most other health advisor regarding the effectiveness and side effects of each product and deter- glucosamines on the market are derived from crab, shrimp, or lobster shell fish which mine which products may be taken. This article addresses year round kashrus and is not are not kosher. Whether one may swallow such a non-kosher product may depend a Pesach guide. For Pesach information, see the Star-K Pesach Guide published annually.

2 A KASHRUS GUIDE TO Medications,Vitamins, & Nutritional Supplements Taking non-kosher medication that should consult a Rav before taking a Unfortunately, it is very difficult to requires eating in a normal manner (e.g. gelatin capsule.10 determine which is used because glycerin non-kosher chewable tablets that taste is sold by distributors who often sell both II. Tablets – In tablets, the most common good) is not permissible. kosher and non-kosher grades to possibly non-kosher ingredients are pharmaceutical manufacturers. Therefore, IV. Prevention - If a person is healthy or magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, and one should preferably purchase cough has a slight discomfort and his physician stearic acid. These inactive ingredients syrups, children’s liquid medications, and serve as lubricants that allow the advises that there is a high risk of him other elixirs with a hechsher or review the becoming a vbfx uc aha vkuj or even a medicinal powders to adequately “flow” vbfx uc ihta vkuj label to ensure that the product does not , this person may take through the processing equipment. The contain glycerin or other possibly vkhft lrsf tka non-kosher supplements , stearates also make it easier for the problematic ingredients. in an uncommon manner. For example, if finished tablet to “release” from the aujhn a doctor advises HRT9 to a middle-aged machinery at the final compression stage What can one who has a or even woman to avoid osteoporosis, a common where the tablet is formed. These stearate one whose life is not in danger do if he condition in older women, she may ingredients may be derived from either finds it necessary to take a good tasting liquid medication that contains glycerin swallow a non-kosher capsule or tablet if animal or vegetable sources. However, which may not be kosher? The solution is an equally effective kosher substitute is under normal circumstances, enough to mix each required teaspoon of elixir unavailable. Similarly, if a doctor advises lubrication will be provided with less than ohaac kyc into at least two fluid ounces of water, swallowing a specially formulated non- 1.6% stearates, making them and permissible. Therefore, even one who juice or soda. The possibly non-kosher kosher vitamin for someone who has a 14 aujhn glycerin would then be ohaac kyc. high risk of developing macular has a or who is in good health may degeneration (a disease in the central part take tablets if the only kashrus concern is IV. Vitamins – Ideally, one should take kyc 11 of the retina that leads to blindness), one whether or not the stearates are . kosher certified vitamins. The Star-K and is permitted to swallow the product. If the tablet is definitely non-kosher or other kashrus agencies currently certify However, if a healthy individual wishes to contains ingredients that may be non- several vitamin companies, as listed in the Star-K approved over-the-counter take non-kosher supplements to prevent kosher (e.g. polysorbate 80, triacetin), a medication list (see page 11). Many an illness which is unlikely to occur, a Rav sick person - even though he is not in kosher brands of vitamins are available should be consulted, since the halacha is danger - may take it vkhft lrsf tka.12 anywhere in the United States through aujhn However, one who has a aujhn and finds it similar to one who has a . local multi-level marketers and necessary to take such a non-kosher TYPES OF MEDICATIONS & REMEDIES distributors who market their products medication should consult a Rav.13 The through various means, including toll- The following addresses the various same is true for a sick adult or child who free hotlines. However, in the event that a halachos regarding specific products. is not in danger but requires non-kosher vkhft lrsf specific vitamin or nutritional I. Gelatin Capsules – Gelatin is an flavored chewable tablets (i.e. ). supplement is not available with kosher ingredient that is derived from animals. III. Syrups and Liquids – These products certification, the following guidelines Unless it is made under strict kosher are considered vkhft lrsf because they apply: conditions (i.e. kosher slaughtered contain flavors which give them a good Multi-vitamins often contain non-kosher animals or kosher fish) or it is made from taste. The most problematic ingredient ingredients that are not listed on the label. gelatin substitutes (e.g. vegetable-based (but by no means the only such In particular, natural vitamins A and D capsules), the product is not kosher. ingredient) in these products is glycerin. may come from non-kosher sources. In Swallowing a capsule is considered tka ohaac kyc This ingredient, which is not in addition, vitamin E, beta carotene, and vkhft lrsf and may be taken by a sick the elixir and if present is usually listed as natural or synthetic vitamins A and D person even if he is not in danger. One an inactive ingredient, is derived from 15 aujhn may be mixed with non-kosher gelatin. who has a or who is in good health animal, vegetable, or petroleum sources.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 10 on his level of pain. A Rav should be consulted. ingredients were produced on non-kosher equipment. 6He has a aujhn. (inuh hbc obht ohkf o,xs u’’x c’’fe ’hx s’’uh g’’ua ’hg) 7 thrc He is a . 12 As defined above in the vbfx uc ihta vkuj section. 8 d’’hex v’’be ’hx s’’uh l’’a ’hg, based on the explanation of the c’’b ’hx ost ,bhcc ost ,nfj. 13 See footnote 8. See also Mesorah vol. 14, pg. 90. 14 Cough syrups and pain relievers contain a maximum of 20% glycerin (a 1:5 ratio). 9 Hormone Replacement Therapy – These products are often derived from non- When 1 tsp. is mixed into at least 2 fl. oz. (a 1:12 ratio) of water, juice or soda, the kosher animal sources. glycerin becomes ohaac kyc (a 1:60 ratio). There is no problem of vkhcb ,hagb vfh,j 10 Opening the capsule and removing the “kosher” powder contents is not always since a vkuj has the status of a “kusd sxpv” and the s’’x c’’m ’hx swwuh g’’ua says there is advisable, since removing the gelatin capsule may cause the product to lose its no kusd sxpv lrumk ohruxht rtac jkc jkc b’’bj. Under normal circumstances, one may intended effect. A pharmacist or doctor should be consulted to determine if this not add 60 times kosher food to non-kosher food to nullify it. For example, one method is advisable. A liquid inside a gelatin capsule may be rendered non-kosher cannot add pieces of bacon to a cholent sixty times larger than the bacon, thereby based on the principle of kaucnf aucf. Hence, squeezing out the “kosher” contents being kycn it. This only applies to food which is unquestionably not kosher. may not be a solution, as the contents may have been rendered non-kosher. However, one is permitted to be ruxht epx kycn (j’’ex c’’m ’hx s’’uh l’’a ’hg). Therefore, 11 One can assume the stearates are not ogy i,ub in the product even if they are more since the cough syrup is only ruxht epx (the glycerin may be kosher), one could be than one sixtieth. Regarding flavors added, although food products with natural kycn it by adding it to a kosher beverage. The Star-K discussed this with various and/or artificial flavors must have a reliable hechsher, one can assume they are batel companies who determined that cough syrup does not lose its potency by adding the in a medicine or vitamin (for various reasons kyc tk ;ktc ukhpt tngyk hshcga rcs prescribed amount to other beverages. These companies recommend mixing it with does not apply). Regarding equipment, one need not be concerned that the medicinal orange juice, apple juice, or water and drinking the entire solution. The reader is

3 New Under Star-K Kosher Certification

ESTABLISHMENTS La Tourangelle Cooperativa Agraria Ind. Naranjillo Richmond, CA Lima, Peru (see letter of certification) LA TOURANGELLE OILS/OLIVE OILS COCOA PRODUCTS & COFFEE BEANS Yogi's Kosher Indian Vegetarian Cuisine Mancini Foods Dalian Jingang Food Co. 2450 Route 9 South, Howell, NJ Chuluota, FL LiaoNing, China RESTAURANT/TAKE OUT MANCINI CANNED VEGETABLES SOY PRODUCTS Nutsco De Zhou Rui Kang Food Co. CONSUMER PRODUCTS Camden, NJ NUTSCO NUTS & SEEDS Shandong, China (only when bearing Star-K symbol) SOY PRODUCTS Taylor Farms Maryland Aliments Tousain Annapolis Junction, MD Farmers Cooperative Elevator Co. Quebec, Canada TAYLOR FARMS, FRESH PACKAGED Milford, IA DUBON OLIVES & PICKLED PRODUCTS VEGETABLES & SALADS OILS, INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS Bi-Lo Vacaville Fruit Company Fetter & Son Mauldin, SC Vacaville, CA Morral, OH WALTER'S DRIED FRUIT, VACAVILLE DRIED FRUIT & VEGETABLES NUTS & SEEDS KOSHER TRANSPORT Vitarroz Corp. Boca Java Jersey City, NJ Gandules Jacksonville, FL VITARROZ BEVERAGES & DRINK MIXES, Lima, Peru BOCA JAVA COFFEES TORTILLAS/TACOS CANNED VEGETABLES Brasfrigo, S.A. Guangxi HeHua Goias CEP,Brazil INDUSTRIAL/INSTITUTIONAL Bioengineering Co. BRASFRIGO CANNED VEGETABLES PRODUCTS Guangxi, China Centro De Servicio Artesanal (see letter of certification) AMINO ACIDS La Khochalita Jiangsu Tianhe Medical Institute Co. Cochabamba, Bolivia A.S.I. International Jiangsu, China LA KHOCHALITA, SUNDANCE FARMS Watchung, NJ DEHYDRATED FRUIT VITAMINS, SUPPLEMENTS VITAMIN COMPONENTS & NUTRITIONALS Cibo Specialty Foods Advantage Botanicals Co. Linden, NJ Jilin Changbai Mountain Carlstadt, NJ Fine Chemicals Co. DAL RACCOLTO PICKLED PRODUCTS VITAMINS, SUPPLEMENTS Jilin, China Cooperativa Agraria Ind. Naranjillo & NUTRITIONALS VANILLIN Lima, Peru NARANJILLO COCOA PRODUCTS Ahcof International Development Co. Little Bee Impex & COFFEE BEANS Anhui, China Punjab, India HONEY Cosmos Food Products CANNED FRUIT Merrimack Valley Apiaries West Haven, CT Anhui Huabao Biologic Co. COSMOS PICKLED PRODUCTS Billerica, MA Anhui, China HONEY Dallis Coffee HERBAL EXTRACTS Ozone Park, NY Professional Service & Supply DALLIS COFFEES BI Nutraceuticals Minneapolis, MN Long Beach, CA Gandules DETERGENTS & CLEANSERS Lima, Peru VITAMIN COMPONENTS Quaker Chemical Corp. GANDULES CANNED VEGETABLES Boca Java Conshohocken, PA Giant Eagle Jacksonville, FL LUBRICANTS Pittsburgh, PA COFFEES S.F.C.Co. LAURENTI OLIVES Chunnam, South Korea CEIEC, Shaanxi Co. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS Intex International Trade Xian, China Brooklyn, NY JUICE & JUICE CONCENTRATES S.I.P.O. SRL INTEX PICKLED PRODUCTS Milano, Italy Krisp-Pak Company Centro De Servicio Artesanal FOOD COLORS La Khochalita Norfolk,VA SanTec Chemical Company KRISP-PAK, FRESH PACKAGED FRUIT & Cochabamba, Bolivia DEHYDRATED FRUIT Ft. Myers, FL VEGETABLES DETERGENTS & CLEANSERS

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4 Striking Star-K Partnering Matches: with Shadchanim MRS. MARGIE PENSAK

The newest member of the Star-K partners. The “family” will not bear the familiar Star- eligible young K logo - not on a label, not on a plumba. lady sits patiently In fact, this reflects the uniqueness of by the telephone, our non-profit lay organization, and, hoping that it will perhaps, explains our essence. Yes, milk ring with a suggestion and meat matters are only a part of Star- of a possible suitor. As K’s commitment in serving the kosher the telltale saying goes in consumer the world over. However, shadchanus: “A boy needs a research and education of all “non- secretary, a girl needs an agent.” edible” mitzvos, from shatnes to Sabbath There are various theories as to why mode appliances, is a priority at Star-K, this problem exists. Whatever the organizations have recognized the crisis as well. reasons, the fact remains that the and are doing their part by introducing The mitzvah of marriage, sparking a singles population is getting larger and programs that facilitate the “kosher match”, and providing an older. Thousands of single Jewish matchmaking process. incentive for shadchanim, is the newest women, of all ages, who are shomrei focus of Star-K. Attempting to do its Torah and mitzvos, are finding it Star-K’s Contribution part to alleviate the universal singles difficult to find a suitable match. There The Star-K is attempting to help “crisis” the American Orthodox are many single observant Jewish remedy the Baltimore singles situation, community is experiencing, Star-K is women in Baltimore, whose numbers which is typical of that in Orthodox offering a $2,000 cash “gift” for the are on the increase. A significant communities throughout the United successful shidduchim of women in number of divorcees and widows, States. It is offering the $2,000 cash Baltimore’s Orthodox community - Star- contribute to these statistics, as well. incentive for a period of one year, to K’s hometown. This is an additional National organizations, such as the anyone who successfully arranges a incentive, on top of the customary Agudath Israel of America and the shidduch for a woman in Baltimore’s shadchanus from the parents of the National Council of Young Israel, have Orthodox community. Star-K hopes that choson and kallah. According to Rabbi long recognized the worsening b’ezras Hashem, its gift will act as a dual Moshe Heinemann, Rabbinic problem, which is contributing to the incentive: for professional shadchanim, Administrator of the Star-K, “The emotional pain of our singles. Agudath worldwide, to put Baltimore women on concept of offering monetary incentives Israel of America, together with N’Shei the top of their singles lists, and for to promote shidduchim is sanctioned by Agudath Israel, addressed this issue at “would-be shadchanim” and Chazal” (See Rosh, Kedushin 30b, the annual National Agudah acquaintances to keep Baltimore paragraph 43). Convention, in establishing the New women in mind. According to Dr. Avrom Pollak, The Problem York based shidduch agency, Invei Hagefen. Similarly, since 2001, the President of Star-K, “What we are If you are a single woman, or the National Council of Young Israel hoping to accomplish is to get anyone - parents of daughters, chances are you, initiated an annual Shidduchim living in any community - who knows a better than anyone, understand the conference for singles, marrieds, Baltimore single woman, to make that problem. The eligible bachelor seems to parents, and, matchmakers to help extra effort in arranging an introduction have a long list of potential marriage tackle the challenge. Other Orthodox with a suitable eligible man.”

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5 Oven Kashrus: FOR SHABBOS USE

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Grama that the main function of the blech is to make sure that one does The halachic interpretation of a melacha is the action one does not adjust the fire. Therefore, with a modern oven or cook top, which causes a direct result. For example, when one strikes a one should cover the temperature controls in addition to match one directly causes the fire to ignite. When the resulting covering the flame with a blech. prohibited action is an indirect result of one’s action, it is called a ■ Chazarah - Another Rabbinic prohibition is chazarah, grama. For example, setting a mouse trap is a grama for the returning cooked food to the heat source on Shabbos. Even if the melacha of tzod (hunting). Grama of a melacha is permitted by food is still hot and fully cooked, one may not return it to an oven Torah law, but is Rabbinically prohibited. or a covered stove unless it was removed with the intention of Where there is a combination of factors that individually may being replaced, and had not been put down and let out of one’s have been restricted by Rabbinic law, there may be room for hand from the time it was removed to when it is replaced on the leniency when combined with one another. Therefore where a heat. This certainly would prohibit taking a cold pre-cooked food grama will cause a melacha to be done that is unintended and and placing it on a blech on Shabbos. This Rabbinic decree was unwanted on Shabbos (lo nicha leih), the action may be done. instituted because one’s action of placing the food on the heat This is the basis for allowing one to open a refrigerator door on appears as if one is beginning to cook. It is important to note that Shabbos. In that case, a thermostat will sense the change in reheating cooked foods that are liquid or have liquid content may temperature and cause the compressor motor to run. Causing the be a transgression of the Torah’s prohibition against cooking on motor to run is a grama. The running of the motor gives off Shabbos. Solids that have been fully cooked before Shabbos may sparks of fire which are not wanted or intended. Thus the be re-heated (i.e. kugel or roast) on Shabbos. However, because of melacha taking place is lo nicha leih. By opening the refrigerator chazarah, reheating must be done in a way that cannot be there is a grama to an unintended and unwanted melacha. In the confused with cooking. Therefore one may place a kugel or same vein one may open an oven on Shabbos when one removes challah on top of a pot of food that is on the blech, but not on top all the food from the oven. The resulting grama (the melacha of of the blech itself. havarah) will be unwanted and unintended. Ovens and warming drawers: Rabbinic Ordinances Regarding Food Preparation Now that we have some of the basic principles, let us examine Many Rabbinic laws were initiated to prevent one from what happens in practice when using an oven or warming transgressing the Torah’s prohibitions. They are intended both to drawer. distance us from what is prohibited, and to prevent us from doing As mentioned, aside from the prohibition against cooking on actions which can be misconstrued with a prohibited melacha. Shabbos there is a prohibition against initiating a fire or causing ■ Shehiyah - Among these Rabbinic laws are shehiyah, literally, increased burning. In the case of thermostatically controlled one is prohibited to leave the food on or in the place where it will ovens and warming drawers, opening the oven or warming be cooking, even if it was drawer will cause the placed there before Shabbos. mechanism to call for There is concern that increased burning to make leaving food that is not up for the heat lost by ready to be eaten on the opening the door or drawer. cooking surface or in an The resulting effect is a oven may lead one to add to grama of havarah, which is the heat on Shabbos. The prohibited. However as Rabbis are concerned that discussed earlier, where one one may adjust the heat to does not want or intend for enhance the food. an action to take place, and In the past, when has no need for its result, cooking was done directly this is only prohibited by over burning logs, there was Rabbinic law. When coupled a concern that someone with the fact that the ensuing might stir the embers. This melacha is a reaction that would add oxygen and heat. was brought about indirectly By stirring the embers, one but was initiated through a transgresses two Torah grama, there is room for prohibitions: burning a fire on the Shabbos day and (if the food is leniency and the initial action is permitted. Therefore food left in not yet cooked) cooking. In order to prevent any wrongdoing, the the oven or warming drawer from before Shabbos may be Rabbis decreed that unless the food is edible before Shabbos,3 one removed despite the fact that this will eventually cause the oven may not leave it on or in the oven once Shabbos begins, unless the to burn. This is because with the removal of the food the embers are removed or covered to prevent someone from stirring resulting additional burning is not wanted or intended. However them.4 In lieu of covering the coals, we have the custom of this can only be said where all of the food will be removed at that placing a blech5 over the flames before Shabbos. It should be noted time. If some food remains in the oven to be heated, then the

6 additional burning caused by the door opening is viewed as intentional and therefore prohibited. Most Star-K Certified Oven Companies: warming drawers and ovens are thermostatically For details of Sabbath mode capabilities of each controlled and would fall into the above category. company and specific model numbers certified, If a warming drawer is not controlled by a please call the Star-K office at 410-484-4110. thermostat one must check with the manufacturer to be sure that by opening the drawer he is not turning off the heating element. If there are multiple temperature settings, these controls must be covered as discussed earlier regarding stovetop controls. Even where the warming drawer is not controlled by a thermostat and the opening of the drawer will not affect the flow of power to the heating element, one cannot place food into the warming drawer on Shabbos if its operating temperature is higher than yad soledes, 120 degrees, as this is prohibited under the laws of chazarah. Sabbath Mode Ovens Due to the halachic complications that technological innovations have placed upon the Jewish consumer, the Star-K has been working with some manufacturers to design ovens that are more user friendly to the Jewish consumer (see sidebar for names of appliance manufacturers). Some of the common problems found in new ovens are twelve hour safety cut off, lights, icons and temperature displays that may be turned on by opening the oven door, and time bake features that must be manually turned off to silence the bell. In certified models, many of these features are disabled. (Contact the Star-K office at 410-484-4110 for details of individual models.) In addition, some Sabbath mode features such as temperature adjustment are quite practical and allow for easier use of the ovens on Yom Tov where the restrictions of cooking and burning are lifted this should not be covered or it will crack. Can I leave my food on when done under prescribed conditions. However, the Sabbath the smooth cooktop on Shabbos without a blech? mode features do not in any way circumvent the regular It is customary to cover the heat source as was done in the past restrictions involved in food preparations on Shabbos Kodesh. The when one cooked directly on the embers. The concern then was to laws of Bishul, Havarah, Shehiyah and Chazarah must still be prevent stirring the embers to add heat. As noted in our observed even when using a Sabbath mode oven. introduction, today the primary concern is that one should not try COMMON QUESTIONS & ANSWERS to raise the heat so that the food will cook faster. When one cannot Now that we have reviewed the basic rules, let us look at some place a blech on the stove top, it is sufficient to cover the controls frequently asked questions about oven and stovetop use on and leave the cooked food on the stove top. Shabbos and the responses given by Rabbi Moshe Heine-mann, May I adjust the temperature of an oven that has a Sabbath Shlita, Star-K’s Rabbinic Administrator. mode feature on Shabbos? I have a smooth top electric stove. The manufacturer says that No! The temperature adjustment feature in the Sabbath mode oven is for Yom Tov use only. (This issue is addressed in the Kashrus Kurrents article titled, “Oven Kashrus: For Yom Tov Use.”6) On Shabbos, one may not adjust the temperature, as that causes the fire to burn or be extinguished. Nor does the Sabbath mode allow you to put food up to cook or reheat on Shabbos. May I leave cooked food in an oven that is on if it was placed in the oven before Shabbos? Yes. However, because of shehiyah, the controls for the oven should be covered or taped. It is customary to cook all food before Shabbos to the point that it is edible for the average individual. May I open my oven to take food out on Shabbos? First, one must be sure that opening the oven door does not automatically cause a light, icon or electrical switch or flame to go on. In the case of convection ovens, the door opening may cause the circulating fan to go off. Even though one does not intend to do these actions, it is prohibited, as if there were intent, since this is an automatic consequence. If opening the oven door

1 Shemos 35:3. 4 Garuf v’katum. 410-484-4110. 2 Psik reisha d’lo nicha leih asur l’rov harishonim. 5 Yiddish for metal sheets. 7 Also, it is a melacha she’aino tzricha legufo. 3 See Biur Halacha 253:1 Venohagu. 6 For a copy of this article, contact the Star-K office at 8 Psik reisha on the burning.

7 Oven Kashrus: Oven Use on Shabbos Dear Readers: We at the Star-K have worked with numerous FOR SHABBOS USE appliance companies to make modern appliances more kosher consumer friendly for Shabbos and Yom Tov.During this process we have,in many cases, eliminated lights,icons,tones,and digital displays,provided for timed bake without tones and icons,and temperature adjustment on Yom Tov.However,these companies have chosen to name this feature the Sabbath Mode,and we are concerned from a does not automatically set off an halachic point of view that there may be some misunderstanding as to the proper use of electrical reaction, then one may do so these ovens on Shabbos.We would therefore like to make some clarifications. in order to remove food on Shabbos, provided that all the food is removed 1. No adjustment to the temperature is per- food removed at that time. at that time. Note: Often the door mitted on Shabbos even in the Sabbath Mode. The oven may not be used will have a plunger switch which any further for that Shabbos. turns on lights or icons as a door is 2. All food must be fully cooked and placed opened. If this plunger switch is in the oven before Shabbos.No food (cooked The controls of an oven disabled it may prevent any 4. prohibited reactions from taking or non-cooked) may be placed in the oven that is left on for Shabbos (or place. Some Star-K Sabbath mode on Shabbos to re-warm or cook.This is part of a Shabbos with a ovens have a feature to disable icons, true regarding ovens, as well as timed bake) should be lights or signals so that the oven door warming drawers. covered with something like may be opened on Shabbos and Yom Tov. a piece of aluminum foil. May I take out some food from the oven 3. It is the opinion of Rabbi Heinemann Caution: Please be careful and leave the rest to remove later? that on Shabbos,for a thermostatically not to cover the vents. No. When one opens the oven door, controlled oven that is running (as one is letting cool air into the cabinet. opposed to one shut off by timed 5. Please call our office at The thermostat will sense the loss of bake), the door may be opened 410-484-4110 for further heat and make up for it by additional burning. When one opens the oven once at any time and all the information. door, one indirectly causes additional We would greatly appreciate help from Rabbonim burning. This is gram havarah which, in accidentally in publicizing this information to their its own right, is Rabbinically prohibited. congregants. However, normally one does not want opens the oven the burner to go back on if the oven is door, he must empty. Even though opening the oven remove all the food. door will cause the fire to burn longer, Therefore, the oven door one does not want this to happen. On cannot be opened to check the con-trary, it is a needless waste of gas on the food. If the door or electricity. This is considered a psik was accidentally opened reisha d’lo nicha leih. Although we do not and closed and no allow a psik reisha d’lo nicha leih on a food was removed, Torah prohibi-tion, this action occurs the food is still in-directly as a grama and is only a permitted to be Rabbinic prohibition.7 Therefore, here eaten provided where there is a combination of factors that it was com- (a grama on a psik reisha d’lo nicha leih), pletely cooked before it is permitted. However, if one leaves Shabbos. food in the oven after the door has been May I use a warming drawer on opened, he obviously wants the oven to go Shabbos? back on. This is pro-hibited as a psik As discussed earlier, one may not put soledes (120°F) is like an oven and reisha d’nicha leih, as if one intended to food into a warming drawer on Shabbos. must have its controls covered. If the cause the fire to burn longer. If one Most warming drawers are regulated by a warming drawer’s settings are all below thermostat. When you open the drawer to yad soledes, there is no gezeirah, put the food in, you are going to cause the Rabbinic prohibition, regarding raising burner to go on and compensate for the the setting. Therefore, the controls do heat loss that you created. By keeping not have to be covered. However, one food in the drawer, you are showing may not change the setting on Shabbos. that you want this extra heat to be My oven and warming drawer have a generated. This is prohibited on delayed start timer feature. May I set it Shabbos.8 to go on Shabbos morning and place the If the food was placed in the food to be heated there on Shabbos drawer before Shabbos, a before the pre-determined time? warming drawer must be emptied the first time it is No. The food should not be placed there opened. A warming to be heated on Shabbos. drawer that has adjustable temperature settings that include temperatures over yad

8 Finally, I must admit that it was with some trepidation that in launching this program we would, G-d forbid, inadvertently offend PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE some of the women over what can be a most sensitive subject. However, Boruch Hashem, the reaction from single women, CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 themselves, is best articulated in a thank you note written to Rav an “out of town” date. The Star-K leaves it to some of the other Moshe Heinemann, shlita, by one of Baltimore’s singles. kashrus organizations to follow up on this excellent suggestion. The note reads: “I am writing to express my sincere thanks to The buzz created by this program has already begun to create you and the Star-K regarding the Shidduch initiative. Regardless of an awareness which will, b’ezras Hashem, result in more the results of the program, which we will be able to assess in a year introductions, more meetings, and ultimately more couples standing from now, the Star-K is commended for taking action and attempting under the chuppah. Last week, a recently married woman living in to attack a problem that has been plaguing our community, as well New York called the Star-K to say, “I have been procrastinating about as every other Jewish community, for well over a decade. Even if, introducing my seminary roommate who I thought would be good chalilah, the action does not result in success, you are sending a for my husband’s cousin. After reading about your program, I strong message to the single women of our community that you care immediately made the phone call. Thank you, Star-K. I feel so much about our plight and our future. That, in itself, provides more chizuk better!” than I have felt in a very long time. Thank you.”

Striking Matches: Star-K Partnering with Shadchanim

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 5

For the shadchan of a successful shidduch to qualify for and asked a profes- this gift, the following conditions apply: sional to arrange it, the • The single woman must be at least 22-years and 2-months one who thought of it old at the time the engagement is announced. There is no gets 1/3 of the shadchanus upper age limit. and the professional gets 2/3 of • Widows and divorcees are included. the shadchanus. • The couple must be committed to observing the laws of • If the shidduch breaks up, chas v’shalom, before the kashrus, Shabbos, and taharas hamishpacha. wedding, Star-K is exempt from paying the gift. • Parents, grandparents, children, siblings, sibling-in-laws, • Payment of the gift will be made by Star-K within 30 days and aunts and uncles of the single women are not eligible after the chasana. for the gift. Cousins and other relatives who arrange a • The initial introduction of the couple (i.e., the first shidduch are eligible. meeting of the couple) must not have been made prior to • A Baltimore woman is defined as: the starting date of this program, the first night of 1) Her parents must have lived in Baltimore for one year Chanukah, 5765 (December 7, 2004). and have purchased a house there, or have rented a • All disputes, e.g., who is the shadchan, questions dwelling there for two years. If she lives in Baltimore regarding eligibility, etc., will be settled by Star-K Rabbinic alone, without family, she must have lived in Baltimore Administrator, Rabbi Moshe Heinemann, shlita, whose for two years (student years do not count). decision will be final. 2) A Baltimorian living in New York or elsewhere, for “Although Star-K is initially funding this program for a less two years, whose parents are presently living in one year period, we hope that it will be successful and that we Baltimore, is eligible. will have the funding to continue,” says Dr. Pollak. “We also • Requests for payment of the Star-K gift must be made, in hope that Star-K will serve as an inspiration for organizations writing, by the shadchan to Star-K (122 Slade Avenue, Suite or individuals in other “out-of-town” communities to launch 300, Baltimore, MD, 21208), within 30 days of the similar programs.” engagement. Both sets of parents, or both the choson and kallah, must confirm who the shadchan or shadchanim are. Questions regarding this program should be • If more than one person was involved in the forwarded to Star-K Shidduch Incentive Program: introduction of the couple, the $2,000 award will be 122 Slade Avenue, Suite 300, Baltimore, Maryland 21208 divided amongst the parties according to traditional Telephone: (410) 484-4110. Fax: (410) 653-9294 guidelines. For example, if one person thought of the idea E-mail: [email protected]

9 A KASHRUS GUIDE TO Medications, Vitamins, & Nutritional Supplements

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 3

A kosher brand is recommended. Under certainly true if it is vkhft lrsf tka. This normal circumstances, one may not is very relevant to OB-GYN take a chewable non-certified multi- prescriptions for women, as they often vitamin. contain lactose. Prenatal vitamins are a type of multi- VII. Shabbos – One who has a aujhn on vitamin taken by pregnant women. As Shabbos may not take medication or previously indicated, multi-vitamins supplements to help alleviate the may contain non-kosher vitamin discomfort.23 However, someone components. Fortunately, numerous classified as a vkuj (whether in danger kosher prenatals are now available.16 or not) may take all necessary Single vitamin (e.g. vitamin C) or medication. Someone taking medication supplement tablets should ideally be to avoid a serious illness (e.g. someone certified with a hechsher. If one with high blood pressure or high cholesterol) may do so on Shabbos even determines that the component and vbfx inactive ingredients are kosher, the if there is no . On Shabbos one may 24 product may be taken without take antibiotics for an infection. A certification. pregnant woman may take all necessary medications and vitamins on Shabbos. V. Homeopathic and Herbal Someone who is in good health and Remedies – In homeopathic remedies, takes a product to change the normal the source ingredient, known as the function of the body (e.g. caffeine pills mother tincture, may be non-kosher. to avoid falling asleep), may also take For example, Lachesis is derived from this product on Shabbos. snakes and Formica Rufa from ants. placed under the tongue and absorbed Non-kosher mother tinctures are usually When taking medication, it is proper to directly into the blood stream and not 25 ohaac kyc in the dilutant (an ingredient say the following tefillah where one asks swallowed), and the mother tincture is used to dilute the mother tincture). The that Hashem allow the medicine or either kosher or non-kosher/ohaac kyc, a non-kosher ingredient is kyc if the procedure to cure the illness: Rav should be consulted.19 potency is 2X and higher or 1C and hk vz exg tvha hekt ’v lhbpkn iumr hvh higher (as indicated on the label).17 Herbal remedies generally consist of an v,t obj tpur hf vtuprk herb, a solvent (for extraction), and Of course, one must also determine that The Chofetz Chaim explains that the inactive ingredients. If the inactive the dilutants are approved. The most purpose of this tefillah is that one should common dilutants are lactose (milk ingredients are kosher, these products are 20 not think that the medicine is the only sugar) and alcohol.18 These ingredients generally acceptable. part of the cure. Rather, it is the ka ubucr pose kashrus concerns and ideally require VI. Dairy – Often, medicines contain okug who causes the medicine to take kosher certification. If the homeopathic lactose, a dairy ingredient which serves as effect. With this tefillah, one who is u"j ill remedy is not certified and is in a base of a bulking agent.21 If one eats meat, he is given the opportunity to place his trust lrsf tka lactose and/or alcohol, take should wait at least one hour before in the true ohkuj tpur. vkhft (e.g. a tablet that is swallowed or taking these dairy products.22 This is

cautioned that these methods and percentages of kuyhc cannot be applied to other impossible for the one who requires this remedy to determine this, one may be able cases (s’’x c’’m ’hx s’’uh t’’nr ’hg). If dilution presents a difficulty (e.g. for an infant), a to say tkuek ibcrs epx, especially in a case of vkhft lrsf tka. It should be noted that Rav should be consulted. a product containing a trace of a non kosher or possibly non kosher ingredient (even 15 This is done in a process called micro-encapsulation where the vitamin is spray if it is batel bshishim) cannot be certified Star-K or Star-D. dried on a base of gelatin. The gelatin is often not listed on the label of the finished 20 In remedies, one can assume the solvent is kosher (see previous footnote). One product. Whether one may take such a vitamin depends on the reason he requires the must review the other inactive ingredients. The herb is kosher. (However, if from product, as addressed in the Categories of Illnesses section above. Israel, one would have to address the Terumos and Ma’asros issue. Unless otherwise 16 For a listing of kosher prenatal vitamins, see the Star-K OB/GYN Approved specified, one can assume it is not from Israel.) It should be noted that not all Medications List, available by contacting the Star-K office. products sold with “herbal remedies” are derived from herbs. For example, royal jelly 17 For example, if the product label states lac caninum-4C, this indicates dog’s milk often sold with herbal remedies is not kosher, as it is secreted from the glands of bees. (non-kosher) was mixed with 99 parts of a dilutant (the letter “C” means in the 21 If one keeps cholov Yisroel and requires medicine containing lactose, a Rav should finished product the mother tincture is 1:100). The mixture was again mixed with a be consulted. The possibility to be lenient is based on the following: Lactose is made dilutant at a ratio of 99:1. The process was repeated four times (as indicated by the from whey which is a by-product of cheese. There are Poskim who permit the use of number 4). If one determines that the dilutant is kosher, the remedy may be taken, non-cholov Yisroel cheese when the cow was milked to make cheese (whx s’’uh t’’nr whg as the dog’s milk is now only one part in 100 million! If the label states 60C, the non- c’’x u’’ye).Today, one can assume cheese was made from such milk. This heter also kosher ingredient is diluted at a ratio of one part in 10060 (i.e. 1:1000…[120 zeros applies to whey and lactose. following the 1!]). 22 d’’ex y’’p ’hx s’’uh ,’’p ’hg If the label states 6X, this indicates the mother tincture was mixed 1:9 (“X” indicates 23 t’’x j’’fa ’hx j’’ut g’’ua -This halacha also applies to Yom Tov but does not apply on the mother tincture is at a ratio of 1:10 in the finished product) and then again a Yom Tov Sheini (i.e. the second day of the Shalosh Regalim [Pesach, Shavuos and portion of this mixture was mixed at a ratio of 1:9. This process was done six times. Sukkos], the last day of Pesach, and Simchas Torah) – v’’ex u’’m, hx c’’n ’hg. For 6X constitutes kuyhc, as the original non-kosher ingredient is kyc (at a ratio of 1:106 purposes of this halacha, the second day of Rosh Hashana is not considered Yom Tov which is one to a million). Sheini and this halacha applies. 18 It should be noted that alcohol used in flower remedies may be from brandy and is 24 Someone with acne should consult a Rav whether the medication may be taken on generally non-kosher (obhh o,x). Shabbos. Whether one may take vitamins on Shabbos depends on each situation and 19 One can say the primary ingredient of this remedy is ohaac kyc. The dilutant is beyond the scope of this article. A Rav should be consulted. (alcohol or lactose) is a ibcrs epx (o’’ufg ,bhcd ut obhh o,x epx). Therefore, if it is 25 u’’ex c’’nu s’’x k’’r ’hx j’’ut g’’’ua ’hg

10 APPROVED Over-the-Counter Medications CERTIFIED PRODUCTS 2005 The following is a partial list of companies with kosher certified supplements,health,and pharmaceutical products.Products are certified only when bearing the symbol of the certifying agency.

Amway/Access Business Group Preventive Medical Group Freeda OU Cell Tech Shaklee Landau Volover Life Science Laboratories Sunrider Maxi-Health OU Melaleuca Trout Lake Farm Navitco OU Nature's Sunshine Adwe KAJ Nutri-Supreme Kof-K Nutralife Health Products First Quality Health OU Solgar Kof-K APPROVED MEDICATIONS This medication list is a small sample of frequently used over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Prescription medications are not included on this list. If a medication is not listed, it still may be kosher. One should consult a Rav. Certifying agencies are indicated next to products that have kosher certification. It is imperative that each individual understand that under no circumstances should one refrain from taking a prescribed medication or withhold such a medication from children without discussing the matter with a competent Rav and physician. NOTE: Products are approved only when sold in the United States and in the indicated form (e.g. "caplets", "children's", etc.). This list should NOT be used for Passover.

ANTACIDS Chewable Tablets Fibercon Caplets Alka Seltzer Original Formula Tablets - Dairy Konsyl Powder Effervescent & Antacid Pain Reliever Tabs Less Drowsy Tablets - Dairy Metamucil - All Powders (Original, Cherry, Lemon Lime, Heartburn COLD, ALLERGY & DECONGESTANTS LACTOSE INTOLERANT Relief, Morning Relief, P.M., Ex Str) Benadryl Lactaid Gas-X Allergy & Cold Caplets Reg, Ex Str & Ultra Caplets - OU Reg & Ex Str Chewables Allergy & Cold Fastmelt Tabs - Dairy Ultra Chewable - OUD Dairy With Maalox (Orange, Wildberry) Fastabs Allergy Fastmelt Tablets - Dairy Gaviscon Antacid Reg & Ex Str Tabs LAXATIVES Benadryl-D Maalox Colace Liquid 1% Solution Allergy & Sinus Fastmelts - Dairy Antacid Liquid Ex Lax Chlor-Trimeton 4-hr Allergy Tabs - Dairy Max Str Antacid/Anti-Gas Liquid Reg, Max Str & Ultra Pills Claritin Non-Drowsy 24-hr Tabs - Dairy Quick Dissolve Antacid Calcium Chocolated Pieces - Dairy Claritin-D Carbonate Chwbls - Reg & Max Str Perdiem Overnight Relief Pills 12-hr Tablets - Dairy Mylanta Peri-Colace Tablets Non-Drowsy 24-hr Tablets Reg, Children's, Max Str & Ultra Tabs Philips' Original Milk of Magnesia Liquid Coricidin HBP Pepcid AC Senokot-S (Stool Softener) Tabs - Cold & Flu Tablets - Dairy Chewable Tablets - Dairy Product may be dairy if expires before 2/06. Cough & Cold Tablets - Dairy Swallowable Tablets Max Str Flu Tablets - Dairy PAIN RELIEVERS Pepcid Complete Tablets - Dairy Singlet Caplets Aleve Caplets & Tablets Phazyme Sudafed Anacin Reg Tabs, Ex Str Tabs Quick Dissolve Chwbl Tabs (125mg) 12-hr Non-Drowsy Tablets Bayer Rolaids Severe Cold Non-Drowsy Caplets Children's Chewable Aspirin (81mg) Reg Str: Cherry, Original Peppermint, Sinus & Allergy Tablets - Dairy Ex Str Plus Aspirin Caplets (500mg) Spearmint Tabs Triaminic Night Time Relief Caplets Ex Str: Cool Strawberry, Freshmint, Chest & Nasal Cong Liq (Citrus) - OU Ecotrin Aspirin Tabs (325mg & 500mg) Fruit,Tropical Punch Tabs Cold & Allergy Liquid (Orange) - OU Goody's Tums - Diamond-K Cold & Cough Liquid (Cherry) - OU Ex Str Tablets Regular - Asst Fruit, Peppermint Tabs Cold & Night Time Cough Liq (Berry) - OU Powder E-X - Asst Berries, Asst Fruit, Asst Cough Liquid (Berry) - OU Motrin Tropical Fruit, Wintergreen Tabs Cough & Nasal Congestion Liquid Children's Chewable Tablets E-X Fresh Blends Tabs - Dairy (Grape, Strawberry) - OU Regular Tablets & Caplets Ultra - Asst Berries, Asst Fruit, Asst Cough & Sore Throat Liq (Grape) - OU St. Joseph Low Str Chwbl Tabs (81mg) Tropical Fruit, Peppermint,Spearmint Tabs Flu Cough & Fever Liq (Bubblegum) - OU Tylenol - see also Cold, Allergy & Decong section Cool Relief Cool Mint Tabs - Dairy Night Time Cough & Cold Liq (Grape) - OU Adult Extra Strength Liquid Smooth Dissolve - Tropical Smoothies Trout Lake Farm 1st Sneeze - Star-K Children's Melt Away & Soft Chews ANTI DIARRHEAL Tylenol - see also Pain Reliever section Cool Caplets Imodium Child. Plus Cold & Cough Chwbl Tabs Extra Strength Tablets & Caplets A-D Caplets Infant's Plus Cold & Cough Drops Junior Str Melt Away & Soft Chews Advanced Chewable Tabs & Caplets Infant's Plus Cold Drops Regular Strength Tablets Kaopectate Severe Allergy Caplets Vanquish Caplets Reg Liquid - Cherry, Peppermint, Vanilla Vicks SLEEPING AIDS Extra Str Liquid Child. Nyquil Cold/Cough Relief Liq Nytol Quick Caps - Dairy Pepto Bismol Nyquil Cough Liquid Sominex Original Formula Tablets Original & Cherry Chewable Tabs Nyquil Multi-Symptom Cold-Flu Relief Unisom Sleep Tablets Original Liquid (Original, Cherry) Liquid Vivarin Tablets Maximum Strength Liquid FIBER THROAT LOZENGES ANTI-NAUSEA Citrucel Luden's Throat Drops - OUD Bonine Chewable Tablets Caplets Fisherman's Friend - Manchester B.D. Dramamine Reg & Sugar Free Powder (no kosher symbol required) PRODUCTS ALWAYS APPROVED The following are products that may always be used without kosher certification: Antibiotics for an infection - except for those skin infections known to be non-life threatening (e.g. acne), Canker Sore Medication, Castor Oil (with no additives), Enemas, Injections, Intravenous (IV), Mineral Oil (with no additives), Sodium Bicarbonate (pure baking soda), Externally applied products including: Antiseptics, Creams, Dermatologicals, Ear Drops, Emollients, Epsom Salts, Eye Drops, Gels, Lotions, Oils, Ointments, Nasal Sprays, Powders, Rubbing Alcohols, Shampoos, and Soaps.

11 Concept, Design & Production: Citicom!718-692-0999 .Leo Storch M. T r.M Leo Storch andFamily M. Mrs. Thr DETERGENTS &CLEANSERS DETERGENTS F TMA /ChemnetSystems &NUTRITIONALS SUPPLEMENTS VITAMINS, M Suntec HONEY CT New Canaan, Sunland Trading SWEETENERS Malaysia Negeri Sembilan, Bhd Sdn, Stevian BiotechnologyCorp., FLAVOR CHEMICALS China Shanghai, Shanghai WanxiangGroup CHEMICALS ESSENTIAL OILS&OLEORESINS,FLAVOR Spain Granada, S CONTINUED FROMPAGE 4 oec,KY lorence, his publication is dedicated to the memory of his publicationisdedicated to thememory nin rgacs S.A. ensient Fragrances, noa NY ineola, Mrs. Rikki Halberstam Rikki Mrs. C Ra EDITOR: Levin A.J. FOUNDING EDITOR: Baltimore, Maryland 21208-4996 Maryland Baltimore, 300 Suite 122 SladeAvenue, INC. STAR-K CERTIFICATION, OORDINATOR: ough agrant from bbi TzviRosen K New UnderStar-K KosherCertification hog dcto,Research andSupervision. through Education, the Kosher consumer inpromotingKashrus representing A non-profitagency Star-K Kosher Certification , of Blessed Memory of BlessedMemory L emsino trK etfcto,Inc. permission ofStar-KCertification, reproduced inanyformwithout Maynotbe All rightsreserved. Co www.star-k.org [email protected] E-mail: F (410)484-4110 Phone: x (410)653-9294 ax: py ate breaking kashrus news and alerts areavailableate breakingkashrus viae-mailby news andalerts ih:20.Sa- etfcto,Inc. Star-KCertification, 2004. right: sending [email protected]. OLIVES &PICKLEDPRODUCTS Bursa,Turkey Ze DEHYDRATED VEGETABLES China Jiangsu, Y JUICE &CONCENTRATES China Shaanxi, T AMINO ACIDS China Zhejiang, Co. T INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS China Jiangsu, T op Foods Limited ongbao BiochemicalEngineering aicang Lulin Perfumery Co.aicang Lulin Perfumery ixing HongdaFood Co. y-Tur-San GidaSanayi ve Ticaret A.S. of DeqingCity Subscriptions hn:(1)4441 a:(410)653-9294 (410)484-4110•Fax: Phone: MD21208-4996 Baltimore, 300, Suite 122 SladeAvenue, Please sendyour checksmadepayable taxdeductible to ______Phone ______State______Zip City A ______Name des______ddress for purchase inJewishbookstoresduringthePassover season.) (T k by Kashrus Kurrents isalsoavailable viae-mail [email protected] he Star-K Passover Book,not included in this subscription,is available includedinthissubscription,is he Star-KPassover Book,not sending ablanke-mailto $15 $10 New UnderStar-D DOUGHNUT SHOP NY Middletown, 51 Orange PlazaLane, Krispy Kreme #8848 (see letterofcertification) Establishments GIFT BASKETS Va Va CANDY &CONFECTIONERY ITEMS NY Naples, A (only whenbearingStar-Dsymbol) Products (USD) (USD) ngelic Gourmet ail,CA caville, caville Fruit Company annually for 4 issues -Overseas annually for4issues-Overseas annually for4issues-US&Canada stam -cholov are All dairy Star-Dproducts of theStar-D. Th re C uclo on sal(CI.h trK inits ouncil of Star-K, Young Israel (NCYI).The ainhpwt h CI administers thek lationship withtheNCYI, e Star-Disak (non-cholov Yisroel ashrus symbol oftheNational K ). ASHRUS KURRENTS: STATEN ISLANDNY US POSTAGE PAID NON PROFIT ORG PERMIT #835 ashrus STAR-K KOSHER CERTIFICATION rtnhyktcs ,urafv sgu Kashrus KurrentsVOLUME 25 NO. 3 Winter II 5765-2005 Kashrus in High Spirits The Kashrus of Tea R ABBI TZVI ROSEN with no strings attached! STAR-K K ASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR; R ABBI BORUCH BEYER EDITOR, KASHRUS KURRENTS KASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR

Americans, generally, do not drink as much tea as the rest of world. This may have something to do with a Jewish life-cycle events, be it a bris, a bar mitzvah, or a wedding, are special occasions that certain party they had in Boston a while back. That we anticipate eagerly and celebrate with joy. At any simcha, we fill our cups with wine, raise being the case, you might be surprised to learn that tea our glasses of schnapps, and with great fervor pronounce a resounding “L'chaim!” in honor of is second only to water in worldwide beverage the blessed event. This custom of melding alcohol with simcha has been a Jewish practice consumption. In fact, some estimates place tea con- from time immemorial. The cup that is raised today, however, bears very little resemblance to sumption in the billions of cups daily. That’s a lot of tea. that of yesteryear. However, with recent health benefits being ascribed to The single fleshel of schnapps has given way to a sprawling bar, complete with every tea, its popularity in this country is definitely on the imaginable alcoholic beverage. The drink combinations abound. All too frequently, the rise. In this article we will explore the world of tea and names, as well as the kashrus, of these selections are difficult to discern. To the uninitiated, what questions there are vis-à-vis kashrus and halacha. all spirits look alike. Who knows the difference between a liquor and a liqueur, a tequila or a First, a little background is in order. sombrero? This article will attempt to lead the kosher consumer through the maze of alcoholic BACKGROUND beverages, their original sources, their unique processes and the various kashrus issues Tea is a processed leaf. It is grown on a tea tree inherent in this fascinating and complicated industry. which, if allowed to grow wild, would reach 30 or more Hashem, in His ultimate kindness, has provided man with the keys to unlock some of feet in height. On the nature’s most amazing secrets. Alcoholic beverages are no exception. Simply put, alcoholic tea plantations the beverages are beverages that contain ethyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol is derived from Hashem's main trunk of the natural bounty - grains, fruits, vegetables or plants. seedlings is cut. This It is not coincidental that alcoholic beverages have been given the distinctive appellation results in the plant spirits, alluding to the fact that these beverages seem to magically emerge from these natural growing more like a ingredients as if they have been assisted by spirits. bush than a tree, These natural ingredients are converted into spirits through two processes: fermentation enabling an easier and distillation. Fermentation, one of the Ribbono Shel Olam’s unique phenomena, is a harvest. chemical process where an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler Tea is grown substances. In the case of alcoholic beverages, yeast, a fungus found in nature, converts the in temperate to sugar found in grains, fruits, vegetables or plants, into carbon dioxide (natural carbonation) tropical areas and ethyl alcohol. Fermentation is the basic process for producing beer. Distillation is an around the world, the additional process that separates two or more substances through heating, and which may be majority coming from India, China, Sri Lanka, and of used to produce alcoholic beverages. CONTINUED ON PAGE 2 course Japan. The early Chinese are credited with the discovery that pouring hot water over these leaves would make tea. Legend has it that the emperor Shen A PESACH MUST FOR EVERY JEWISH HOME Nung would only drink water after it was boiled first. He was sitting under a tea tree one day while his servant was boiling up some water. Some leaves from the tree Star-K 2005 Pesach Guide fell into his kettle and as they say, the rest is history. The name tea comes from the Chinese words Tchai, Cha, and Tay that are used to describe the drink and the plant. Comprehensive Pesach Information, Including: CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 ■ Pesach Medicines & Cosmetics, prepared by Rabbi Gershon Bess ■ Star-K Pesach Product Directory ■ Star-K informative articles relating to the Pesach Kitchen, Insidethis issue Matzos,Seder, Kitniyos, Shabbos Erev Pesach, and Oven Kashrus Kashrus in High Spirits ...... Page 1 Available After Purim at Your Local Jewish Bookstore The Kashrus of Tea ...... Page 1 A PROJECT OF STAR-K KOSHER CERTIFICATION AND KOLLEL BAIS AVROHOM LOS ANGELES Star-K Liquor & Liqueur List ...... Page 5

New Under Star-K Certification ...... Page 6 Kashrus inHigh Spirits CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 R ABBI TZVI ROSEN STAR-K K ASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR; EDITOR, KASHRUS KURRENTS THE PROCESS OF BEER MAKING Beer making has been known for centuries, hundred years ago the great halachic authority, The four steps of beer making are malting, yet, throughout the millennia it has been the Noda Beyehuda, permitted the use of the roasting, brewing, and fermenting. elevated into an art form. According to Michael isinglass clarifier.1 A clarifier only filters Malting: The first step of beer making Jackson, author, consultant, and world- unwanted particles and should not be present in combines barley and water in a process known renowned wines and spirits expert, man has the final beverage. as malting. Barley is composed of germ, developed over forty styles of beer, each with a Flavorings: Traditional beers do not have endosperm, and a layer of bran. The living part full spectrum of flavors and colors. How do the added flavorings. Cherry flavorings, other fruit of the barley, the germ, lies dormant until it is beer meisters do it? By varying beer's natural flavorings, and spices are used to make flavored planted or comes in contact with water. Once ingredients, grains, hops, and yeast, and by products, and by law must be termed “flavored the germ comes in contact with water, it modifying the roasting and brewing methods, beers”. Such a product would definitely require germinates and begins growing. The starch in new flavorful varieties are created. kosher certification. the endosperm provides the nourishment needed In the new technological world of major Yeast: Barley wine is a specialty beer that for the living germ. However, it is too difficult for beer production, the key term of successful could possibly be fermented with non-kosher the germ to digest the starch without assistance. brewing is consistency and uniformity. In recent wine or champagne yeast and would definitely Therefore, the germ secretes an enzyme that decades, scientific discovery has facilitated require kosher certification. breaks the starch into simpler sugars which can consistency and uniformity, enabling brew be digested more easily. Although barley is not meisters to comprehend the simple centuries- THE PROCESS OF DISTILLED BEVERAGES: sweet at all, it has been discovered that barley old process of beer making. Technological LIQUOR AND LIQUEURS which is soaked in water and allowed to sprout, scientific research has shown that additives and The creation of a distilled alcoholic beverage produces a sweet syrup. This is a result of barley's processing aids can provide assistance needed to or “spirit” involves three fundamental processes: natural germination process. This enzymatic deliver a consistent and uniform product, fermentation, distillation, and aging. conversion of barley into fermentable sugars is though not necessarily a beer with more Fermentation: As with beer, liquor known as malting. The barley malting process character. fermentation combines grains, plants, fruits, or lasts for forty-eight hours, thus enabling the How do these revelations impact on the vegetables with water to create a liquid blend barley to begin germinating and sprouting. kashrus status of this generically kosher mash. Yeast is added to the mash to convert the natural sugars present in the mixture into ethyl Roasting: The sprouted barley grain is then beverage? Are there any additives that would alcohol and CO2. Barley malt is also added roasted. Roasting is a vital step in the ultimate compromise the kashrus of beer? Processing Aids: because it is richer in amylase that helps convert creation of beer's color and flavor. Adjusting the Hydrogen peroxide, starch into sugar. This fermented product is now roasting time, temperature, and amount of barley bromade, or other alkalis can be used to ready to be distilled. will cause variation. A longer, higher roast accelerate malt germination. Natural enzymes Distillation is a process that separates two produces a darker, more flavorful barley, hence a such as papain, bromelin, or aspergillus niger, or or more combined substances through heating. darker, more flavorful beer. Conversely, a lower, industrial enzymes such as amylo-glucosidase, If one of the substances in the solution (e.g., shorter roast produces a less flavorful beer. can supplement an enzyme-deficient mash to Substance A) boils at a lower temperature than The roasted barley kernels are then ground help break the starches into sugars and facilitate the other component (e.g., Substance B), when into a grain mixture called a grist. Sometimes, brewing. Hops extracts can be added for flavor. the boiling temperature of Substance A is with blander beers, the barley is mixed with other If necessary, papain or tannin can assist in the reached, it will evaporate out of the solution. cereal grains, such as corn, wheat, or rice to make removal of unwanted protein, delivering a The vapor is then captured and collected in a the grist. The grist is then mixed with hot water clearer brighter beer. After brewing, natural separate part of the distillation apparatus called to form a mash. The purpose of the mashing is to clarifiers such as isinglass finings (prepared a still. When the vapor cools, Substance A continue the malting process where the from ground tropical fish), gelatin, silica gel, or condenses as a separate substance. germinating barley left off. This process allows a synthetic clarifier poly-vinyl poly prolamine In the alcohol distillation process, Substance the enzymes contained in the grain to convert the (PVPP) remove dark particles from the beer, A refers to the alcohol vapors that are separated starches of the mashed grains into sugar. The giving the final product a crystal clear from the fermented mash (Substance B). sweet liquid solution created by the germinated appearance. If the completed product needs These vapors are collected and are condensed by grain water is called a wort. bolstering, caramel color may be added for cooling them over cold water pipes, to form a Brewing: Hops, dried flowers from the coloring, extra carbon dioxide for carbonation, separate liquid called ethyl alcohol, the spice-like hops plant, are now added to the wort or alginates for head retention. In all, over fifty- to create a hopped wort. There are many nine chemicals or additives are legally permitted varieties and forms of hops grown throughout to be used as beer additives and don’t have to be the world. The hopped wort is brewed in a cop- listed on the ingredient panel. per or stainless steel kettle, imparting a unique Gelatin and isinglass clarifiers are not aroma and cooked flavor into the wort. The used in domestic beers. Isinglass liquid is now ready to be converted into beer. finings is a traditional Fermenting: Yeast is added to the wort, British beer clarifier that and through fermentation the sweetened wort is has been used for converted into natural carbonation and alcohol. centuries in the United Though there are literally thousands of yeasts, Kingdom. Isinglass the two popular fermenting yeasts are (pronounced i-zin’glas) is a saccharomyces cerevisiae, a top fermenting yeast gelatinous substance made that produces ales, and saccharomyces uvarum, from the swim bladders of a bottom fermenting yeast that produces lager. certain fish - usually sturgeon, Both ales and lagers can be light or dark, strong a non-kosher fish. Like gelatin, or weak, more flavorful or bland, depending on it causes yeast to settle out of the temperature, ingredients, and brewing the beer more rapidly. It is methods. fascinating to note that over two

2 Kashrus inHigh Spirits fundamental ingredient for all alcoholic Whiskey is a term derived from the Scotch beverages. Gaelic, meaning “water of life”. Whiskey, the Percentages in alcohol commonly range broadest category of alcoholic beverage, between 40% and 50%. The term proof indicates includes the following types: Bourbon, Rye, the percentage of alcohol present; the higher the American, Tennessee, Canadian, Irish, and achieve proof, the more alcohol. The percentage of Scotch. There is a fundamental difference a uni- alcohol in a beverage can be easily determined between American, Canadian, and English form taste. by dividing the proof in half. Hence, an 80 proof whiskeys. American whiskey is spelled with an Blended whiskey contains 40% alcohol, 100 proof, 50%, “e”, Canadian whisky and English whisky scotches do and so on. without. not use addi- Aging the Spirits: After distillation, the Bourbon is produced from at least 51% tional blending whiskey's unique flavor and color is developed corn (maize) and 49% other grains such as rye, agents in the through aging. Whiskey must be aged a barley, oats or wheat. After distillation, the process. minimum of two to four years in wood barrels. bourbon has to be aged in new oak charred There is a shortage The different tastes of these spirits depend on a casks for six to eight years. Premium bourbons of wood in Scotland but there is a great demand number of factors: the raw ingredients, the can be aged over twenty years. No additives are for whisky casks to be able to age all the scotch amount of alcohol present, and the type of wood allowed to be added to bourbon. (It is that needs years of maturation to achieve the used for aging. interesting to note that when the bourbon desired quality. There is a written American law Bourbon by definition must be aged in new matures, a small percentage of the maturing that bourbon casks can only be used once. There charred oak barrels. By law, the barrels can only spirit is absorbed or lost in the cask. This is no such law regarding scotch, hence the great be used once. Scotch maturation does not have absorbed portion is called the “angels’ share”.) amount of reused bourbon casks used to age that restriction and can use a variety of wooden Small batch bourbon refers to a superior quality scotch. Furthermore, casks are reused for Scotch barrels. Most barrels used to age scotch are used production of bourbon that is made in limited and Irish whisky. These casks are called refills. bourbon barrels. Some new barrels are used as quantities. All distilleries know where the Another source of casks comes from countries well. Bourbon casks give the scotch a very bourbon ages best. The premium bourbon that like Spain that used the casks to age sherry, port distinct overt woody flavor. Over time the is bottled from the heart of the warehouse is or madeira wine. Some scotch producers empty scotch distilleries needed to increase their known as special reserve bourbon. Bourbon is the scotch from their original casks and refill supply of casks and began using Spanish oak the beverage of choice in Dixie. It is also the them into sherry or port casks. This is called casks that were originally used to age wine and alcoholic beverage of choice amongst “the “finishing”. (The halachic ramification of aging sherry. Sherry casks were used to age and store heimishe”, due to the fact that nothing additional in sherry casks or scotches that state sherry or sherry; port and madeira casks were used to age is added to bourbon and that it is aged in new port finish will be discussed later in the article.) and store port or madeira wine. oak casks. Canadian whiskies, like their American The use of wine casks for aging alcoholic Rye is made with 51% rye plus a whiskey counterparts, are produced from corn, beverages is not a new halachic revelation. The combination of other grains. Rye and Tennessee rye and barley. They are aged for two to six years method of aging spirits, which is clearly whiskeys are aged in new wood casks. Blended in oak casks. Canadian whiskies are light bodied 2 described in the Shulchan Aruch, mirrors the American whiskey uses a combination of new and are blended. description outlined by world-renowned scotch and used oak casks. blenders. Scotch whisky, originating from Scotland, Other Alcoholic Beverages: Before using the casks, all barrels are comes in three types: malt, grain and blended. Vodka is derived from the Russian term cleaned and washed free of any residual sherry. Malt whisky is produced from 100% malted “voda”, meaning waters. It is a distilled beverage The casks remain empty and dry for a number of barley. Grain whisky is produced from a usually made from barley, corn, or rye, and weeks before any scotch is matured in them. No combination of grains. Single malt refers to sometimes made from potatoes, sugar beets, sherry is added to the casks; the purpose of malted Scotch whisky that comes from one grapes, or whey. Vodka is known as a neutral aging is not for the scotch to taste like sherry. distillery. Blended whisky is a combination of grain spirit, meaning that it has no taste or color. Rather, aging allows the newly distilled scotch to the two - malt and grain - blended together to have its innate fragrance, flavor and color It is not aged, and can sometimes be sweetened enhanced when it is matured in wood. with sugar. Vodka is used primarily in mixed Can we assume any scotch to be sherry cask drinks. If other flavors or sweeteners are added, free? According to Michael Jackson, “Most it can no longer be called vodka, and is instead distilleries have over the decades acquired a known as a distilled spirit specialty beverage, which requires strict kosher certification. ‘mishmash’ of casks from different sources. The Gin distillery manager or group blender orchestrates is a distilled neutral grain spirit and is what is available to try and achieve consistent flavored with juniper berries and other seed oils, bottling. It is therefore difficult, even in a single such as coriander oil. Gin, too, is used in mixed malt, to be sure that not a drop came from a drinks and is combined with both alcoholic and non-alcoholic mixers. sherry cask. In my view no blended scotch could Rum be guaranteed innocent of sherry. Macallan is distilled from fermented sugar or Scotch, in fact, boasts that their catch is molasses. It, too, is distilled and aged. exclusively aged in sherry casks.” The use of Depending upon the length and process of sherry casks in most distilleries is minimal: 94% aging, rum color can be light (light rum) or dark bourbon and 6% sherry. In better quality (dark rum). Dark rum is colored with caramel. distilleries 80% bourbon and 20% sherry casks Rum is aged in oak casks for five to seven years. are used. Very few distilleries use sherry casks It can be enhanced with rum blenders. Typically, exclusively. the flavors are ether esters, which are higher alcohols retrieved during distillation; basically, POPULAR VARIETIES OF natural rum flavors coming from rum itself. ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Flavored or special rum is known as flavored The following is a brief rundown of some of rum, or spiced rum. the more popular varieties of alcoholic spirits, Brandy is a Dutch derivative meaning along with some information on how they are distilled wine. Brandy is distilled from produced. fermented grape wines or other fermented fruits,

3 or rye, are chometz gamur, and a person must not own these products on Pesach. If a Jew did Kashrus in not sell his liquor, the prohibition of chometz High Spirits she’avar alav haPesach would apply; the whiskey cannot be used, nor can any benefit be derived from these beverages. such as plums or cherries. It is then aged from peels, while Canadian O.T.S. wine can be, and What about the whiskey manufacturers? two to eight years. Cognac is grape brandy usually is, made from grapes. We will discuss After years of research, it is clear that the originating in the Cognac section of France. the halachic implications later in the article. Blenders: overwhelming majority of companies Although brandy is derived from grapes, the The U.S. and Canadian producing spirits are either large corporations bracha on grape brandy is shehakol because governments allow blenders, “harmless coloring that are publicly owned or are non-Jewish. brandy no longer tastes like wine.3 or flavoring materials”, to be added to their Tequila There is a major American whiskey company is a distilled spirit made from a blended whiskeys. It has been alleged that that is Jewish owned that has been selling their fermented mash containing at least 51% of the glycerin is possibly added to U.S., Canadian, chometz through the Orthodox Rav in agave plant. There are four categories of tequila: and English whiskeys. After extensive research Louisville, Kentucky for well over a decade. silver (white), gold (dark), anjeo (aged), and from manufacturers, producers, and Moreover, the finished goods repesado (rested). By law, nothing can be added independent do not go directly to your to silver. Caramel color and blending agents can sources, we neighborhood liquor be added to the other tequilas. Anjeo and have conclu- store; they first go to repesado are aged gold tequila. Sherry casks can sively con- large distributors that be used to age tequila. Tequilas containing a firmed that house great inventories worm in the bottle (Mezcal) should be avoided. no glycerin of alcoholic beverages. If manufacturers followed the strict and is used as a In many large simple rules of liquor production, liquor blending metropolitan areas, the kashrus would not present major concerns. agent for these owners of the liquor However, as in all industries, nothing is simple, whiskeys. distribution companies are as we will soon see. Vodkas, tequilas, Flavored Alcoholic Beverages Jewish and do not sell their and liqueurs may chometz. There is little control over Liqueurs or cordials are flavored grain use glycerin blenders. what is distributed on Pesach. However, spirits. Liqueurs include: flavored whiskeys, If glycerin is used as a unless one knows for a fact that the liquor brandies, neutral grain spirits and rums that are blender, it is never added comes from a non-observant Jewish colored and flavored with a variety of beyond 1%. The Canadian distributor that did not sell his chometz and ingredients such as fruit, chocolate, coffee, government allows O.T.S. wine to owned the alcohol over Pesach, or if peppermints, cream, or with combined flavors. be used in their blended whiskeys. whiskey comes from the local Jewish liquor Additives, such as wine or glycerin, are often By law, no 'blender wine' can be proprietor who did not sell his chometz and added, as are emulsifiers, sweeteners and colors. added beyond 1% of the total owned the liquor over Pesach, one need TRICKS OF THE LIQUOR TRADE volume. In actuality, the standard not be machmir. Since chometz she’avar quantity of flavor blenders added alav haPesach is a rabbinic prohibition Additional processing practices range from 1 the simple to the sublime. They include: is typically less than /2 of 1% and we have a safek, a reasonable Caramel Color: Although the aging process of the total volume of doubt, the halacha allows us to take a product. Blenders are can darken liquor naturally, often caramel color, lenient position.5 a kosher ingredient, can be added as a coloring. used to cut the harshness of the THE HALACHIC Color is commonly added to whiskeys, rums, BOTTOM LINE and brandies. whiskey in order Enzymes: These are sometimes used to to improve The question is, can we, in expedite or standardize the fermentation “mouthfeel”, an accordance with halacha and in process. Enzymes, which create kashrus industry term that good conscience, consume problems, can be used in the fermentation of refers to the mellowness of beverages that do not have any American or Canadian whiskeys, vodka, or in a a particular spirit. hashgocha? Obviously the best case scenario batch of neutral grain spirits. CHOMETZ SHE’AVAR ALAV HAPESACH would be to purchase alcoholic beverages with a Off Standard Wine: It has been said there As is the law with private Jewish consumers, reliable hechsher. There are, in fact, a few are two constants in our lives that never go Jewish merchants or Jewish manufacturers may selections that have reliable kosher certification, away: death and taxes. The only difference not own chometz on Pesach. Included in this but these are few and far between. When between the two is that death can't be avoided prohibition are grain derived beverages (i.e., research into ingredients and production prac- and taxes we try to avoid. Since whiskey is a those derived from barley, rye, oats, wheat or tices indicates that there are no apparent kashrus highly taxed commodity, the liquor industry spelt). These products must be consumed or problems with the product, then halacha looks for different legal avenues to lower their destroyed before the Pesach holiday. In the event permits us to follow the concept of holchin achar tax while not compromising the quality of their that the volume of Jewish owned chometz is too harov, that we may assume that the majority is product. great to be consumed or destroyed, the chometz the scenario with which we are dealing. The How is this accomplished? It is a common can be sold to a non-Jew in a bona fide sale so following assumptions can therefore be made: practice in both American and Canadian that the chometz will be fully transferred out of ■ All varieties of domestic whiskeys are whiskey blends to add a small amount of wine Jewish ownership. Failing to do so will render acceptable. Glycerin is not used as a blending to a distilled blended spirit, so that the spirit can the unsold chometz forbidden for Jewish agent for these whiskeys and the O.T.S. wine is a citrus wine. now be considered a wine product, which is consumption after Pesach. These laws apply ■ Canadian whiskies present a fundamental taxed at a significantly lower tax rate than equally to any chometz, whether it is simply kashrus question. Does the possibility of whiskey. The “wine” added for this purpose is owned by a Jewish merchant, or produced by a grape O.T.S. wine or blenders added to called O.T.S. wine, a mnemonic that stands for Jewish manufacturer and was in his possession Canadian whiskies in very small percentages other than standard wine. O.T.S. wine is added during Pesach. of 1% or less create real kashrus concerns? in minuscule volumes - less than 1%. There is a How does this prohibition impact on the Can we rely on bitul, halachic nullification, fundamental difference, however, between the alcoholic beverage industry? Most authorities4 or do we need concrete information about American and Canadian O.T.S. wines. American are of the opinion that alcoholic beverages such each beverage? As stated before, since the O.T.S. wine is a citrus wine made from orange as whiskey, which is derived from wheat, barley O.T.S. wine is added in less than a sixtieth, it

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4 STAR-K Liquor & Liqueur List ACCEPTABLE LIQUORS 2005 Bourbon - All Straight and Blended Brandy - Carmel (OU), Herzog French (OU), Vermouth - Kedem (OU) Tishbi (OU) Vodka - SAMPLING OF SCOTCHES Canadian Whisky - Crown Royal Domestic NOT RECOMMENDED Cognac - Dupuy-Vsop (OU), Herzog (OU), All, except Hanger 1, Lost Horizon, (AGED EXCLUSIVELY IN SHERRY CASKS) Louis Royer (OU) or those listing whey alcohol, wine alcohol, Aberlour Gin - All except Sloe Gin; Sloe Gin requires or flavored vodka Balvenie (Double Wood & Port Wood) certification Flavored - First Guild (OU) Black Bushnell Irish Whisky - All Glendronach Rum - Bacardi (Eight, Gold, Superior), Imported - requires certification: Glenmorangie Cruzan Regular and Flavored (OU) Absolut - Reg. (LBD), Binyamina(OU), Macallan Rye - All Canadian Iceberg (OU), Carmel (OU), Scotch - All except when label states aged Danzig Gold (LBD), Finlandia - Reg., POPULAR LIQUEURS exclusively in sherry casks, sherry finish, port Forward (OU), Goldenbarr (OU), NOT RECOMMENDED finish, or dual cask finish (see sidebar) Grey Goose - Reg., Ketel One - Reg., B & B Liqueur Tennessee Whiskey - All Pravda (OU), Stolichnaya (OU),Vox - Reg., Bailey's Irish Cream Tequila - Yikvei Gold (OU) Benedictine Silver - All (except Mezcal - with worm in bottles) Bols Gold - Jose Cuervo, Sauza, Herradura, Chambord Jimador, Casa Real Cointreau ACCEPTABLE LIQUEURS & CORDIALS Campari Advoscotch (OU) Leroux (OU & OUD) Cristal AguaDriente Amaretto Di Sarono (OU) MARASKA (only when bearing STAR-K) - Dubonett Arak (OU) - Alouf, Extra Fine Slivovitz, Cherrica,Wishniak Galliano Azmara (OU) - Coffee Melody (OU) - Banana, Cherry, Chocolate, Gold Schlager Bartenura Cordials (OU) - Amaretto, Etrog, Peach,Triple Sec Grand Marnier Hazelnut, Sambuca Peacock (CRC Hisachdus) - Pear, Chocolate Hiram Walker Liqueurs Briscoe (OU) Peter Heering (OU) - Cherry Kahlua Carmel (OU) R. Jelinek (OU) - Slivovitz Ouzo Desert Exotics (OU) Rodrigez (OU) Raki Drambuie (LBD) Sabra (OU) - Chocolate Orange, Coffee Sambuca Frangelico (OU) Spirit of Solomon (CRC Hisachdus) - Schlink Haus Kabinett Godiva (OU) - Chocolate (pareve), Cappuccino Amaretto, Apricot, Cherry, Chocolate, Sheridans (dairy), Chocolate Cream (dairy),Vanilla (dairy), Chocolate Mint, Chocolate Truffle, Citrus, Southern Comfort White Chocolate (dairy) [Dairy Godivas are Coffee, Kirschwasser, Lemon, Orange, Peach, Stock from Italy cholov stam.] Pear, Strawberry,Wishniak Swiss Kirshwasser Kava (B'datz - Eida Hachareidis) - Coffee Taam Pree (CRC Hisachdus) Tia Maria Kijafa (OU) - Cherry-Chocolate Cherry, Cherry, VINPROM (STAR-K) - Apple Brandy, Apricot Yukon Jack Black Raspberry Brandy, Slivovitz is batul. Furthermore, some Poskim maintain that the wine would be batul even if it would be added in less than a sixth.6 Additionally, there is a doubt whether the O.T.S. wine is indeed grape, or whether blenders are used altogether. Canadian whiskies would Subscriptions therefore be acceptable. Nevertheless, our recommended liquor list reflects those $10(USD) annually for 4 issues -US & Canada products that do not contain any wine. $15(USD) annually for 4 issues -Overseas ■ Scotch and Irish whisky would be acceptable7 unless specifically stated that the beverage Kashrus Kurrents is also available via e-mail has been aged exclusively in sherry casks finished in sherry or port casks. We do not have by sending a blank e-mail to to assume that this is the case unless the company asserts that it is so. Even if the scotch [email protected] would be aged in sherry casks it would be batel b’shesh. Our recommended liquor list (The Star-K Passover Book,not included in this subscription,is available 8 reflects those products that do not specify aged in sherry casks. for purchase in Jewish bookstores during the Passover season.) ■ All silver tequila would be acceptable. Dark, repesato, and aged tequilas require kosher certification. Name ______■ Domestic, German, English, European, and Canadian beers and ales are acceptable. ■ All flavored beers, malternatives, hard beers, coolers, and extreme beers require reliable Address______kosher certification. ______■ Gin is acceptable. ■ Domestic vodka produced from 100% neutral grain spirits is acceptable. City ______State ______Zip ______■ Imported vodkas require certification. ■ Wines, liqueurs, cordials, spirits, flavored spirits, and brandies require reliable kosher Phone ______certification for year-round use, and special Passover certification printed on the bottle for Please send your tax deductible checks made payable to KASHRUS KURRENTS: Pesach. 122 Slade Avenue, Suite 300, Baltimore, MD 21208-4996 Phone: (410) 484-4110 • Fax: (410) 653-9294

This publication is dedicated to the memory of M. Leo Storch, of Blessed Memory, through a grant from Mrs. M. Leo Storch & Family

FOUNDING EDITOR: Phone: (410) 484-4110 Star-K Kosher Certification A.J. Levin Fax: (410) 653-9294 K A non-profit agency representing EDITOR: E-mail: [email protected] the Kosher consumer in promoting Kashrus Rabbi Tzvi Rosen www.star-k.org through Education, Research and Supervision COORDINATOR: Copyright: 2005.Star-K Certification,Inc.All rights reserved. May not be Mrs. Rikki Halberstam reproduced in any form without permission of Star-K Certification,Inc. 5 New Under Star-K Kosher Certification

Walt Disney Parks & Resorts Shanghai Bai Ji Da Co. Establishments Lake Buena Vista, FL Shanghai, China (see letter of certification) CHIP & DALE SNACK COMPANY SNACK INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS Dougie's BBQ & Grill FOODS, NUTS Sichuan Neijiang HuiXing Pharmacy Co. 247 W. 72nd St., New York, NY Sichuan, China MEAT RESTAURANT VITAMINS, SUPPLEMENTS & NUTRITIONALS Dougie's BBQ & Grill Express Industrial/Institutional Southwest Synthetic Pharmaceutical Co. 74 W. 47th St., New York, NY Products (see letter of certification) Chongqing, China TAKE OUT VITAMINS, SUPPLEMENTS & NUTRITIONALS Assan Gida San ve Tic. A.S. Jeff Nathan Events Turgutlu A. S. New Rochelle, NY Istanbul,Turkey PICKLED PRODUCTS Izmir,Turkey CATERER DRIED FRUIT Cevdet Aksut ve Ogull. Koll. Sti Kosher Sports Tybbuo Corporation Englewood, NJ Aydin,Turkey DRIED FRUIT Houston,TX SPECIAL EVENTS HORSERADISH (Only with Star-K letter of certification displayed at stand.) Cisco Dried Fruit Queen Creek, AZ Xi’an Hao Tian Bio-Engineering DRIED FRUIT Technology Co. Consumer Products Shaanxi, China (only when bearing Star-K symbol) Danisco Tianguan Nanyang Co. SWEETENERS,VITAMINS, SUPPLEMENTS & Alvarado Street Bakery He Nan, China NUTRITIONALS XANTHAN GUM Rohnert Park, CA Xinjiang Chalkis Tomato Products Co. BREAD PRODUCTS Fade Food Xinjiang, China Atkinson Candy Izmir,Turkey TOMATO PRODUCTS DRIED VEGETABLES Luskin,TX Yunnan Weixin Tianchang Green Co. CANDY & CONFECTIONERY ITEMS Himalya International Yunnan, China Bed, Bath and Beyond HP,India HORSERADISH CANNED & FROZEN VEGETABLES Farmingdale, NY Zhangjiagang Hongxin Chemical GIMMEE SNACKS NUTS & SEEDS Longkou Guangyuan Foodstuffs Co. Pharmaceutical Co. C. H. Robinson Shandong, China Jiangsu, China Visalia, CA DRIED & FROZEN FRUIT VITAMINS, SUPPLEMENTS & NUTRITIONALS FRESH 1, FRESH ‘N EASY FRESH PACKAGED FRUIT Longkou Loveran Foodstuff Co. Zhangjiagang Shugang Biochemical Factory Can You Imagine That! Shandong, China Jiangsu, China Covina, CA DRIED FRUIT AMINO ACIDS CANDY & CONFECTIONERY ITEMS Luzhou Bio-Chem Technology Zhangzhou Tongfa Foods Industry Co. Get Healthy America! Shandong, China Fujian, China Plainview, NY SWEETENERS CANNED FRUIT & VEGETABLES ORGANIC PRODUCTS, SOUP & SOUP MIXES Meelunie BV/Meelunie America Zhejiang Longway Food Co. (LW) Giant Eagle Farmington Hills, MI Zhejiang, China Pittsburgh, PA STARCHES & STARCH PRODUCTS CANNED FRUIT LAURENTI PASTA PRODUCTS Next Generation Films Glatt Chinese Lexington, OH Brooklyn, NY PLASTIC FILMS New Under Star-D FROZEN MEAT MEALS Ningbo Create Biological Project Co. The Star-D is a kashrus symbol of the National Gold Spoon Zhejiang, China Council of Young Israel (NCYI).The Star-K, in its La Jolla, CA AMINO ACIDS relationship with the NCYI, administers the kashrus BLACK GOLD CONDIMENTS of the Star-D. All Star-D products are dairy - cholov Ningbo Orient Jiuzhou stam (non-cholov Yisroel). Himalya International Food Trade & Industry Co. (L63) HP,India Ningbo, China Products CANNED & FROZEN VEGETABLES CANNED FRUIT & VEGETABLES (only when bearing Star-D symbol) Ningbo Yinzhou Shunxing Food Cannery Zhejiang, China Ningbo Yinzhou Shunxing Food Cannery Bed, Bath and Beyond Zhejiang, China CANNED FRUIT Farmingdale, NY CANNED FRUIT GIMMEE SNACKS NUTS & SEEDS On Thyme Gourmet Bridger, MT St. Charles Trading J. Kings Food Service Professionals ON THYME GOURMET CONDIMENTS Batavia, IL Holtsville, NY DEHYDRATED VEGETABLES J. KINGS RESTAURANT ROW CAKE & Sub-Zero Freezer Company PASTRY PRODUCTS Madison,WI San Francisco French Bread Co. SABBATH MODE REFRIGERATORS/FREEZERS Oakland, CA Michelle’s Outrageous (For Sabbath mode guidelines and specific model BREAD PRODUCTS Beverly Hills, CA numbers call the Star-K office at 410-484-4110.) Shandong Zibo Huiyuan MICHELLE’S OUTRAGEOUS MARSHMALLOWS™ Vinprom-Troyan Plc Food & Drink Co. CANDY & CONFECTIONERY ITEMS Troyan, Bulgaria Shandong, China On Thyme Gourmet ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES JUICE & JUICE CONCENTRATES Bridger, MT ON THYME GOURMET CONDIMENTS

6 The Kashrus of Tea with no strings attached! R ABBI BORUCH BEYER CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1 K ASHRUS ADMINISTRATOR

The botanical name for tea reflects its origins; equipment. As long as the flavors are not compatible Camellia Sinensis, roughly translated as Chinese with the kosher flavors being used, this is not a camellia. Camellia is the plant family to which tea problem. This is because the company has no belongs. interest in having divergent flavors mixed with each PROCESSING other and they are careful to clean in between runs. Tea production begins on the plantation where As we mentioned before, because the process is cold, leaves are still harvested by hand in the traditional a cleanout is sufficient to prepare the flavor drum for way. There are some areas of the world where the kosher production. The major question we are faced harvesting is mechanized, but for various reasons, with here is the kashrus of the flavorings. one being that most teas are grown on difficult high Food flavor chemicals represent one of the most altitude terrain, machines are not practical for most challenging areas in kashrus. Since ingredients for are based on size, not quality. The leaves are passed flavors are derived from a myriad of sources, any plantations. through sifters of various sizes to determine the Tea bushes are carefully pruned for three years. product containing either natural or artificial grade. If the leaf is too large to fit through any of the flavorings requires certification. Flavored teas are no This produces a nice growth of “flush”. Flush is the sifters, it is sent back for additional rolling. It is term used to describe the tender new leaves that are exception. Star-K certification requires of its interesting to note that the designation “Orange mashgichim to make frequent unannounced visits to used to make tea. The plant will continue to be Pekoe” (pronounced peck-oh) seen on many pruned throughout its life to ensure a steady growth check on the kashrus of all flavored teas. packages of tea, is actually nothing more than the Dairy Tea:One important issue to keep in mind of usable flush. Depending on the climate, tea is basic grade for black tea. Pekoe is a Chinese term when purchasing flavored teas is to make sure you harvested two or three times a year and sometimes used to describe the tea buds. One explanation for check if the product is certified pareve or dairy. There year round. the “orange” in the name is that it refers to the House are several flavored teas on the market now that are Once the leaves arrive at the factory, most will go of Orange from the Netherlands, a major player in reliably certified, but they are dairy. Since many through a four stage process. The first stage is known the tea trade in the old days. people are used to thinking of tea as a pareve as withering. The leaves are spread out to wither or After grading and sorting, the tea is packed in beverage, they have become accustomed to drinking dry to remove as much moisture as possible from the crates and shipped worldwide to wholesalers and it with dairy or meat. Obviously, a dairy tea leaves, making them pliable. In most factories this is distributors. High end tea will be sold loose or by the mistakenly consumed as a pareve tea can present you accomplished by spreading the leaves out in the sun, box. The mid and lower end tea is made into tea bags with several problems: or in large trays made of netting or fine wire mesh, or instant tea. the kosher status of your called withering racks. They are dried either in an dishes, drinking it with or open air shed by natural breezes, or by forced cool TEA VARIETIES after a meat meal, and air. This stage can take eighteen to twenty-four Scented Teas: Genuine scented teas, such as cholov yisroel issues. hours. Jasmine or Rose Congou, are made by forcing hot air Tea Bags: Traditionally, From the withering racks, the now softened over Jasmine or Rose blossoms that have been tea was brewed loose. In the green leaves move into the rolling machines. These layered on top of the finished tea. This imparts the early twentieth century, Mr. machines break and twist the leaves, breaking up scent of the flowers to the tea, which also influences Thomas Sullivan of New York their cell walls, allowing the juices to be exposed to the taste. The dried out petals are then mixed in with began selling coffee and tea in the air, and cutting the leaves into marketable sizes. the tea for visual effect. This scenting process does small silk bags that This is the beginning of the oxidation (or fermenting) not present us with any kashrus problems. Other customers would of the tea, and the first important chemical change to teas of this type are Magnolia and Orchid. place directly into occur. This step leads to the development of the One of the most famous scented teas is Earl essential oils that give the tea its flavor. Grey. The second Earl Grey of England picked up This chemical change continues and matures in the original formula for this tea while on a the oxidation room. The tea leaves are spread out on diplomatic mission to China back in the early 19th Star-K Certified a flat surface, usually on a tile or cement floor, in a century. True Earl Grey employs bergamot oil cool damp room. As a result of increased oxidation, sprayed onto the finished tea to achieve its unique Tea Companies after two to three hours, the leaves will turn the color flavor. Bergamot is a pear-shaped citrus fruit grown of a bright new penny. in southern Europe. Bergamot oil is a member of that group of fruit oils known as essential oils, which are Check for Star-K symbol on In the fourth and final stage the tea progresses to packaging or see Star-K the driers. Here it is dried by hot air to arrest the derived from the fruits through pressing and letter of certification oxidation process and seal in the tea flavor. Almost distillation. Based on broad experience and all the remaining moisture is removed during the knowledge of industry practices, oils of this type are Blue Ridge Tea & Herb Co. considered kosher even when not certified as such. drying, which also serves to preserve the tea and Carrington Tea Co. keep it from getting moldy. At this point, the tea has Other oils in this category, used widely in the food assumed its characteristic black-brown color. industry, include orange, lemon, and lime oil. Earl Celestial Seasonings The above steps are typical for the production of Grey tea that lists bergamot oil as an ingredient, with Long Life Teas black tea. This is the type of tea that most Americans no additional flavors, would be acceptable even Custom Co-Pak without a kosher certification. drink. Green tea is made from the same leaves used East West United Group in black tea, however, green tea skips the withering Flavored Teas: Flavored teas, both regular and step and is, instead, immediately steamed. This herbal, are processed in the same way. After placing First Colony Coffee and Tea keeps the leaves from oxidizing so they remain the leaves in a rotating drum, the liquid flavor is Longyou Minghuang Co. green. Oolong tea represents a compromise between sprayed directly onto the product. The procedure is Melaleuca black and green. In oolong the leaves are allowed to done at room temperature so there are usually no Templar Food Products equipment problems from the perspective of oxidize only partially, turning a brownish green Trout Lake Farm color. Another type of tea becoming popular is white kashrus. The one equipment issue that does come up tea, which is oxidized even less than green tea. occasionally is that the company may be using non- Uncle Lee's Tea After drying, the tea must be graded. Tea grades kosher flavors for non-certified teas on the same Zhejiang ShanShan Tea Co.

7 Concept, Design & Production: Citicom!718-692-0999 The vhv tkaaajah,,cahbpknatvdwwgannu,utkacnubhtotu/thhyv,hmn,cvwwv xnbu ohkgvin,hmn,vuvzaww,thhyybyxbhtwwvcaujcohturubtaunf/,uannukahfwwdykpbvogyods 3 2 1 /zwwx ewwxjwwhawhxcwwnwguu,uzjuungyyhkpnibumcods /vftkn ctaajhtsucvzcahthhyvhkgkg,urgksrntafrcsncwwnv,hmn,vfwwgcu/dwwx,ut oaiuhmvrgacfwwanf,cavhbpknohj,ur ohnuhkgvrhgerot additional ingredients employedatthebottlersdonotpresent anykashrus knowledge ofthesoftdrinkindustry, wecansaythattheprocessing and sweeteners, andpreservatives are added,andthedrinkismade.Basedon issenttothebottlerwhere theotheringredients, including concentrate the Star-K sincethemid-1980s. Seasonings,” hasmanyherbalsandregular teasthathavebeencertified by need tobereliably certified. Oneofthemostpopularbrandsteas,“Celestial However, ifadditionalingredients suchasflavorshavebeenadded,theywould processing facilities,byhavingwarmairblownoverthem. certified. Herbsare typicallydriedondedicatedequipmentin herbs, leaves,androots, theyare intrinsicallykosheranddonotneedtobe Mint Teas. Echinachiateaisawellknownmedicinal.Generallymadefrom dried concerns regarding unflavored teabags. crates) itisplacedinteabagsorsmal tea isflavored (orinthecaseofnon-flavored teaafterremoval from thepacking boiling water. Eventually, paperreplaced thesilk.Today, inthefactory, afterthe color usedinthedrink. manufacturers. Itiscomposedmainlyoftheflavorand developed bythesoftdrinkcompanyorspecialty very similartothatofothersoftdrinks. standard procedure foricedteaproduction is A the teaconsumedinU.S.isicedtea. father ofonethebiggestinnovationsintea. dumped aloadoficeinthetea,andhebecame feat forMr. Blechynden.So,theenterprisingbusinessman his hotteaononeofthehottestdaysyearwasnoeasy W owner Richard Blechyndenforinventingicedteaatthe1904 kashrus that thepreservatives wouldnormallycontrol. Thisisahotprocess andisa to pasteurizetheproduct, similartowhatisdonemilk.Thiskillsthebacteria phosphoric acid,andsodiumcitrate. preservatives, suchasthosefoundinicedtea:citricacid,potassiumbenzoate, price. Manypeoplewillpaymore foraproduct thatisnotmadewithchemical product -inthiscase,one whichispreservative-free -thatcanbesoldforahigher r drinks haveafewwrinklesintheirproduction thatchangetherules.Theissue the product doesnothave akoshersymbolonthelabel. kashrus Therefore, ifitisknownthattheconcentratekoshercertified byareputable See KashrusKurrents article, “TheDrinksofaNewGeneration.” evolves around theproducer’s desire tosometimesmarketamore premium ywwk ewwx,wswhxjwwhacwwnwhg vailable todayinready todrinkvarieties,the iht ohnvcu,ubbymbaohnvkgothfiushbvzta orld’s FairinSt.Louis.Trying togetfairgoerssample Baltimore, Maryland 21208-4996 Maryland Baltimore, 300 Suite 122 SladeAvenue, INC. STAR-K CERTIFICATION, Iced Tea: Herbal andMedicinal Teas: The basicingredient is concentratedsyrup It isestimatedbytheteaindustry, that85%of The mostprevalent methodemployedinavoidingtheuseofpreservatives is The aboveistrueformostsoftdrinks.Icedtea,however, andsomefruitjuice The aboveistrueforherbalsandmedicinalsthatare simplydriedherbs. with nostrings attached! W source, thefinishedproduct isalsotreated askosher. Thisistrueevenif issue iftheplantproduces bothcertified andnon-certified products. Kashrus ishing all ofKlalYisroel Purim! aFreilechen Most historianscredit Americanteaplantation 1 This itemmustbekoshercertified. The L ate breaking kashrus news and alerts areavailableate breakingkashrus viae-mailby news andalerts Popular herbalteasincludeChamomileand ler boxesforretail sale.There are nokashrus sending [email protected]. ,kac,b rcfavhtrihtohkgvinogyvykpbavnnu/jwwfewwxzwwyawhxccwwnvfwwanfvhkgruypsvpudklhrmihtavftkn tuvohkgvkuahckgs ,kun,tn ohkgvurhxvrcfatfhvihcuhbahkfc,cacohb,ubu,hmn,cohrtabathhyvhkgkuahcihcekjkouenahsdwwgtu of Tea water, ,wy ;hgxcoatwwnrvfwwanf issues. added tohotwater. according toRabbiMoshe Heinemann, to acupofhotwater(klisheini)onShabbos.Thepreferred method,however, preferable toalsoremove thebagsbefore Shabbos before proceed withcaution…to avoidbeinginhotwater! better. Onceyouventure outintotheworldofmore complexteaproducts no different thanmanyotherfoods-from akosherperspective,thesimpler that canbeenjoyedcomfortably bythekosherconsumer. But,remember, teais sheini) andnotviceversa. instant tea,orcoffee, thepreferred methodistoaddtheteahotwater( stants thathaveflavorsandotheraddedingredients require koshercertification. tially non-kosherfoods.Thisholdstrueonlyforunflavored teas,however. In- dedicated totea.We havenofearoftheequipmentbeingusedforotherpoten- authorities hasshownthatthecompaniesmanufacture theseproducts are this isnotthecase.Thisbecausecollectiveexperienceofreputable normally beassumedthatallinstantteasneedtoreliably certified. However, mon forequipmentofthissort tobeusedfornon-kosherapplications,itwould concentrated andsterilized.Finally, theproduct isspraydried. filtered. Thisstepcouldberepeated severaltimesbefore theteaisvacuum continually concentratestheteaflavor. Theteaessenceisthenextractedand boiling strong teawhichisputthrough variousstagesofevaporation,which technology employedtoproduce itiscomplex.Thebasicprocess beginsby around since1953.Althoughtheideabehindinstantteaisasimpleone, re Therefore, whenpurchasing icedteawithoutpreservatives makesure ithasa the fire before Star-K, istoplaceseveralbagsintoapotofwaterandactuallyboilthemupon in circumstances thatotherfoodswillnot. liable certification symbolonthelabel. Instant Tea: We We Alternatively, youmaywant touseinstantteaonShabbos.Whenusing Since thisprocess employshighheatatseveralstages,anditisnotuncom- Therefore, theonlywaytoenjoyteaon Shabbos. Thecommonpracticeistomakeaverystrong cupofteabefore can saythat,forthemostpart, tearemains oneoflife’s simplepleasures by usingseveralbagsandpouringboilingwateroverthem.Itis PESACH ,xnbs dwwgtkuahcuclhhaajkncubhmnaunfu/ohncu,utohb,ubafhrndk These foodsare considered sosensitivetoheatsincetheywillcook Shabbos. ,tfhk tvswwbgpkkct/twwpewwxoacwwnccu,faunfhbahkfckuahc vored teawouldnotrequire aspecialkosherforPassover A relative newcomertotheteaworld,instanthasonlybeen Regarding 3 certification, withtechnologiesandmanufacturingpractices of foodsknownaskaleyhabishul sometimes changingfrom weektoweek,werecommend purchasing onlythoseteasthatare koshercertified for Passover. Thisiscertainly thecasewithflavored teasand 2 This essence,minusthebags,canbestored inacupand teas onShabbos.Thisisbecauseteapart ofthatgroup decaffeinated teaswhere there are actualknown Shabbos. Oneshouldnotusetea/herbalbagsorloose ingredient issuesthatare potentially problematic for Pesach, althoughonemightthinkthatplain,unfla- mention thedo’s anddon’ts ofteapreparation on Pesach. Shabbos, itwouldbeappropriate tobriefly SHABBOS Since manypeopleenjoytheirteamainlyon Shabbos. Thisessencecannowbeadded shlita, Shabbos abncAmnsrtrof the Rabbinic Administrator , oreasilycookedfoods. is toprepare teaessence ,ifa kfu/ufrmkfkaucn STATEN ISLANDNY US POSTAGE PAID NON PROFIT ORG PERMIT #835 kashrus kli