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Citizen Scholars' Walk Parcours Savants citoyens Carl Vogt 1817­1895 Citizen Scholars’ walk Carl Vogt 1817-1895 Does L’homme Man have a-t-il une a soul ? arl Vogt did not think so. A convinced materialist, he âme ? C detested philosophy as much as religion. In his Physio­ logische Briefe (Physiological letters), he shocked contemporaries arl Vogt ne le pense pas. Matérialiste convaincu, by stating that “thought is to the brain what bile is to the liver and urine to the kidneys”. C il déteste autant la philosophie que la religion. Choquant ses contemporains, Carl Vogt started out by studying chemistry in his native town of Giessen in Germany. He then studied medicine at the university of Bern where his father was a teacher. After il affirme, dans ses Physiologische his degree, preferring research to clinical practice, he turned to zoology and develop men- tal biology. In 1852, having fled Germany because of his revolutionary democratic beliefs, he accepted the Chair of Geology in Geneva. Far from giving up his political struggle, he Briefe (Lettres physiologiques), threw himself into cantonal and federal politics in order to promote his ideas. A militant atheist, allowing no concessions, ridiculing his opponents, he was convinced that what que « la pensée est à peu près au characterised his epoch was “not the need to believe, but to know”. It is no surprise that { his materialist opinions did not find favour with the cerveau ce que la bile est au foie Geneva elite steeped as it was in a protestant culture. et l’urine aux reins ». genevoise d’iconographie Centre BGE, © He was not deterred and his influence on politics, science and on the universities was Carl Vogt étudie d’abord la chimie Vogt est un personnage qui impressionne. Esprit moqueur, parfois féroce, il est doué d’un talent d’orateur in fact far-reaching. Lettrede Darwin © BGE, Genève /M. Thomann dans sa ville natale de Giessen, en et de vulgarisateur qui fascine. Ses prises de position, radicales et osées pour l’époque, lui valent d’être caricaturé maintes fois. } Extrait d’une lettre de Charles Darwin à Carl Vogt (du 30 octobre 1869), Allemagne, puis la médecine à l’Univer­ Vogt had a striking personality. He had a caustic wit which was sometimes ferocious and his talent for oratory and popularisation fascinated people. le remerciant de la proposition de traduire son livre. Carl Vogt est en effet un His views, radical and daring for his time, made him a popular subject for caricatures. fervent défenseur de la théorie de l’évolution : à ses yeux, l’homme n’est qu’une sité de Berne, où enseigne son père. Son sorte de singe perfectionné. De tels propos font scandale : l’écrivain philosophe Henri­Frédéric Amiel, collègue et adversaire politique de Vogt, l’affublera du titre en poche, préférant la recherche à surnom de « puissant gorille », pour railler sa corpulence autant que ses idées. la clinique, il s’oriente vers la zoologie Extract of a letter from Charles Darwin to Carl Vogt (from October 30, 1869) thanking him for offering to translate his book. Carl Vogt was a fervent defender of the theory of evolution ; in his et la biologie du développement. En eyes, humans were no more than a kind of superior monkey. Such views shocked contemporaries : The writer and philosopher Henri-Frédéric Amiel, a colleague and political opponent, called him { 1852, ayant fui l’Allemagne à cause Histoire the “hefty gorilla” alluding to his weight as much as to his ideas. Blasons évoquant la diversité des origines de l’Université de Genève de l’Université de 1987 Genève, de Université © de ses convictions démocratiques Marcacci, Marco géographiques des étudiants étrangers de révolutionnaires, le scienti fique Anecdote l’Académie (ancêtre de l’Université). « La science est plus qu’internationale, elle est cosmopolite de accepte la chaire de géologie En 1848, Carl Vogt, député au Parlement de Francfort, nature. Elle fuit dès qu’on essaie de la comprimer dans les limites nationales et politiques ». qu’on lui propose à Genève. Loin soutient un projet de constitution démocratique, qui Coats of arms commemorating the diversity of the geographical L’Université de Genève doit beaucoup à Carl Vogt. Outre les de renoncer à son combat politique, il s’investit aux niveaux origins of students of the Academy (the forerunner of ments qu’il donne en géologie, paléontologie, déplaît à l’empereur. Contraint de fuir les troupes prus- the university). “Science is more than international, it is enseigne cantonal et fédéral pour faire progresser les idées qu’il défend. cosmopolitan by nature. It flees the moment one tries to confine Why here ? it within national and political boundaries”. zoologie et anatomie comparée, il réclame la construction Athée militant, refusant toute concession, allant jusqu’à ridi cu­ siennes, il aurait quitté l’Allemagne, habillé en femme, We owe the Bastions building, de nouveaux bâtiments. A la tête de l’Académie, il fait liser ses opposants, il est convaincu que ce qui caractérise sur un chariot de paysan ! Légende ou fait historique ? inaugurated in 1871, to Carl Vogt. campagne pour l’adoption d’une nouvelle loi sur l’instruction son époque, c’est « le besoin non de croire, mais de savoir ». publique et initie la création de la Faculté de médecine, laquelle Il va sans dire que ses opinions matérialistes ne seront pas In 1848, Carl Vogt, then a member of the Frankfurt Parli- déclenchera la mue de l’institution en véritable université. vraiment du goût de l’élite genevoise de son temps, pétrie ament, supported a movement for a democratic constitution The university of Geneva owes much to Carl Vogt. Apart from his teaching of geology, de culture protestante. Peu importe, rien ne l’ébranle. Son which did not please the emperor. Forced to flee from the paleontology, zoology and comparative anatomy, he encouraged the construction influence sera du reste remarquable dans les domaines Prussian army, he escaped from Germany in a peasant’s of new buildings. As head of the Academy, he campaigned for the adoption of a new politiques, scientifiques et universitaires. cart dressed as a woman ! Myth or historical fact ? Pourquoi ici education law and initiated the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine which began ? the transformation of the Academy into a fully-fledged university. } On doit à Carl Vogt le bâtiment des Bastions, inauguré en 1871. Avec le soutien de With the support of www.unige.ch/450 www.unige.ch/450.
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