The Story of Joseph Mercer Early Settler and Teacher in South Australia
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Unpretentious Pioneer The Story of Joseph Mercer Early Settler and Teacher in South Australia Ray Moore 1 Unpretentious Pioneer “Joseph Mercer was a man of intelligence, understanding and compassion. He did not try to push himself into the limelight, but was happy to take a supportive role, and was regarded as reliable and a man of integrity. Of course no one could question his talents, ability and creativity as a school master”. 2 Published by: kyema publishing Kyema publishing only publishes Ebooks online. For more information email: [email protected] © Ray Moore 2011. Unless stated otherwise, the Copyright © of this publication is held by Ray Moore. Reproduction or reuse of this material for commercial purposes is forbidden without written permission. (Use “Contact” page on our website: www.kyema-publishing.com) 3 Contents Contents ........................................................................................... 4 LIGHTING THE WAY – THE JOSEPH MERCER STORY.................................. 1 Foreword .......................................................................................... 1 Storm Clouds Gather .......................................................................... 4 The Workers Rebel ............................................................................. 6 Riots in Wotton-under-Edge ................................................................. 7 Community Involvement ..................................................................... 12 A Life-changing Decision ................................................................... 14 Journey to Australia .......................................................................... 17 Preparations for Departure .............................................................. 18 The “Big Storm” of 1839 .................................................................. 21 The Sea Voyage: Liverpool to the Equator ......................................... 21 The Sea Voyage: The Equator to Kangaroo Isla nd ............................... 25 The Sea Voyage: Kangaroo Island to Adelaide .................................... 31 Joseph Settles In .............................................................................. 34 Dialogue with the Kaurna Aborigine Tribe ............................................ 36 Maria ............................................................................................... 38 Joseph and Maria’s First Home ........................................................... 40 From Infirmary to Hospital ................................................................. 42 “No Convict Can Set Foot In South Australia” ....................................... 44 An Observer of Life ........................................................................... 47 Joseph & Maria’s Family .................................................................... 48 Public Matters .................................................................................. 51 School Teacher................................................................................. 53 New School and Teacher’s Residence.................................................. 55 Joseph Starts Teaching at Magill ........................................................ 57 The 1866 That Was ............................................................................ 59 4 The Next Few Years – Joseph’s Exemplary School ................................. 62 Miscellaneous News items ................................................................ 109 APPENDICES .................................................................................... 115 Joseph Mercer’s Early Impressions ................................................... 116 1939 Memory of Mercer & Ellis Diaries ............................................... 122 Diary of Joseph Mercer on board the Lady Lilford 1839 ........................ 122 Diaries kept during the Journey of the Barque “John” to Adelaide. ........ 135 1. Richard Ellis .......................................................................... 135 2. Elizabeth Archer .................................................................... 158 The Tomatin Newspaper Advertisement ............................................. 176 Voting List for the First Adelaide Council ........................................... 178 1840 Edward John Eyre Expedition Sets Off ....................................... 179 1844 Sturt Expedition Sets Off .......................................................... 180 Building SA’s First Ship Recollection ................................................. 181 The Mercer Name and Joseph’s Family .............................................. 183 Anti-Slavery Act 1823 ...................................................................... 184 W. Tanner Mercer’s Answers to Factories inquiry Commission .............. 185 Embarkation Confusion on Migrant Ships Bound for South Australia ...... 192 About Magill ................................................................................... 193 Landing at Holdfast Bay in 1838 – Newspaper Report .......................... 194 John Wesley ................................................................................... 196 Public Meeting Held 11 May 1839 re Aboriginal Conflict ....................... 197 Crime in Early SA History (Flinders Ranges Research) ......................... 205 Proclamation of South Australia ........................................................ 207 Benjamin Mercer in Court................................................................. 210 5 6 LIGHTING THE WAY – THE JOSEPH MERCER STORY Foreword The ship rolled and pitched, making it impossible to sleep. Joseph was thrown from side to side in his bunk, afraid that he would be severely injured if he stayed where he was. He thought of getting up but realized that the risks could be even greater if he tried to get up. And where – in the darkness - would he go? Sleep wasn’t an option. The storm continued to rage into the next day, and with every roll of the ship huge seas were dumped across the deck and superstructure. Now that it was light, Joseph felt that he could try and find his feet in the pitch and roll of the vessel as it was thrown about by the wild seas. He liked to know what was going on around him so he made his unsteady way around the ship to see what damage had been done. His curiosity soon exposed him to an even greater risk of physical harm as some cargo and many of the ship’s fittings had broken their lashings and were being thrown around the deck and below deck, creating wide-ranging danger zones almost everywhere. In the afternoon he found himself in the galley of the ship, talking to two young women whom he had befriended. As they talked, an exceptionally large wave hit the ship a mighty blow making it list dangerously, causing havoc everywhere. Joseph and the two women were knocked down in a painful heap. Plates, dishes, boxes and food were thrown around with such force and confusion that for a few minutes they were too stunned to gather themselves together to check on the damage. Some of the other passengers were knocked about and bruised, while others got a soaking and a fright. Joseph was fortunate to only receive bruised legs when a large chest broke its lashings and squashed his legs against a post. What could have had more serious consequences was a jar of pickles which, possibly figuring that he had not been dealt enough discomfort, flew over his head and emptied a quantity of its contents on his face as it passed. Apart from being blinded for a short time by the vinegar he was otherwise unhurt. The high winds continued into the next day and, by Tuesday, life on board returned to normal. The cause of all this mayhem was the ‘Roaring Forties’, blowing from behind them, which, until now, had been a friendly wind, but had blown up into a full-scale storm. The sturdy little ship was the sailing vessel the “Lady Lilford” making its way across the southern Indian Ocean towards Australia. The passengers in this two-masted brig, had been at sea for almost four months since mid-June when they had left Liverpool in good 1 spirits on their way to Adelaide, Australia, their ‘promised land’. They had all found their sea legs by this time and the twenty-seven year old Joseph Mercer, far from feeling fear when storms struck, had on the other hand believed he could see the power of God in the strength of the storms they had experienced. They still had a thousand miles to go before landing in Adelaide. Only three years before, in the closing days of 1836, Captain John Hindmarsh had “proclaimed and established South Australia as a Province.” 1 The early colonists intended to set up the South Australian capital on Kangaroo Island, where the first European to land on the island in 1802 was Matthew Flinders. Soon it became a base for sealers, whalers, escaped convicts and ship deserters. The newly appointed Surveyor-General Colonel Light, who had arrived at Kangaroo Island in August, soon decided that Kangaroo Island was not suitable for the capital of the new colony and focused his attention further north on the mainland. By the end of the year he had confirmed the site of present day Adelaide. He landed within sight of Mount Lofty which had been seen and named by Matthew Flinders in 1802. Colonel Light says, “having traversed over nearly six miles of a beautiful flat, I arrived at the river Torrens and saw from this a continuation of the same plain for at least six miles more to