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Philippine Journal of Public Administration PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Journal of the National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines Diliman Articles Zou and Li Developing a Smart City Index Celestino RDCs and Regional Development Basilio Reform Initiatives in Philippine Port Administration and Governance Reflections from Scholars and Practitioners Raquiza Mainstream Discourse on Good Governance Volume 62 January - June 2018 Number 1 PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (PJPA) is the official journal of the National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines Diliman. It is published during the months of June and December, in partnership with the Philippine Society for Public Administration and the Association of Schools of Public Administration in the Philippines, Inc. EDITORIAL BOARD Romeo B. Ocampo, Chair Danilo DR. Reyes Ma. Oliva Z. Domingo Michael A. Tumanut Maria Fe Villamejor-Mendoza EDITORIAL STAFF Issue Editor: Maria Faina L. Diola, DPA Publications Office Director: Michael A. Tumanut, PhD Managing Editors: Jayson D. Fajarda Eula Marie DC. Mangaoang Vincent Q. Silarde Editorial Assistant: Mikhael Edrich S. Eubanas INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Akira Nakamura, PhD School of Political Science and Economics Meiji University Belinda A. Aquino, PhD School of Pacific and Asian Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Joaquin Gonzalez III, PhD Department of Public Administration Golden Gate University Pan Suk Kim, PhD College of Business and Governance Yonsei University Raul Lejano, PhD Steinhardt School New York University Roger Wettenhall, PhD Institute for Governance and Policy Analysis University of Canberra Rosemary O’ Leary, PhD School of Public Affairs and Administration The University of Kansas Indexing Articles in the Journal are indexed in the Index to Philippine Periodicals (University of the Philippines), Publication Affairs Information Service (P.A.I.S., Inc., New York), Selected Philippine Periodicals Index (Silliman University), Ulrich’s International Periodicals Directory (R.R. Bowker Co., New York, N.Y.), International Bibliography of Periodical Literature Covering All Fields of Knowledge (IBZ, Zeller Verlag Gmbll & Co., Osnabrück), International Bibliography of Book Reviews (IBR, Zeller Verlag GmbH & Co., Osnabrück), and HeinOnline. ISSN 0031-7675 Subscription Local Foreign Per Year: Php 500.00 US$ 50.00 Single Issue: Php 250.00 US$ 25.00 Information for Contributors Manuscripts submitted to the Philippine Journal of Public Administration (PJPA) should not have been previously published and must not be under consideration in any other publication. They should be not more than 10,000 words, should be typewritten double- spaced on 8.5” by 11” bond paper and sent by mail or encoded using MS Word and sent by email. To facilitate indexing, the authors are requested to identify the keywords used in their articles. A brief biographical note of contributors and abstracts of approximately 200 words should accompany the articles (including contact information, e.g. email address). Information regarding the author and credits should appear on a separate cover page. Submitted manuscripts shall be subjected to a double-blind refereeing process of evaluation. Depending on the volume of articles received and the turnover of articles from referees, we expect to inform the author of the editorial decision at least two months after the submission. Once the manuscripts are accepted, the editorial board may request the author/s to revise the manuscript. The editorial board reserves the right to make the necessary editorial modifications including but not limited to changes in the content, format, and title of articles. Contributors should observe proper citation and acknowledge the sources of materials used in their papers. The PJPA follows the reference format prescribed by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), Sixth Edition. Securing necessary permission for copyrighted materials used in the article is the responsibility of the authors. By submitting manuscripts to the PJPA, the authors give the Journal the nonexclusive right to publish their articles in print and online. Articles may be sent via e-mail to [email protected] or delivered to the Publications Office, UP-NCPAG. For inquiries, you may also reach us at (+632) 926-1443. PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Volume 62 - Number 1 January-June 2018 Editor’s Note i Integrated Approach for Smart City Index 1 Development: From Concept to Indicator Weighting XIALONG ZOU AND YAN LI Do the Regional Development Councils Matter 21 in Promoting Regional Development? A Historical Evidence ALICIA B. CELESTINO Eight Waves of Reform Initiatives in Philippine 48 Port Administration and Governance ENRICO L. BASILIO Reflections from Scholars and Practitioners The Mainstream Discourse on Good Governance 81 for Developing Countries: Issues and Challenges MA. VICTORIA R. RAQUIZA Editor’s Note In the open-system strategy for studying complex organizations, scholars agree that all variables influencing an organization cannot be fully known. What this suggests is that uncertainties are to be expected. According to the scholar James D. Thompson in his Organizations for Action (1967), the complex organization is made up of interdependent parts, making up a whole, which in turn is interdependent with larger environment. Robert Denhardt (2008) says that while an organization strives to develop and evolve amidst uncertainties, the goal is towards attaining balance. This issue of the journal shows how complex public organizations attempt to influence or may be influenced by the macro sociopolitical and economic environment that they are in. Urbanization and globalization are contexts within which public administration systems and the interdependent sub- organizations that make up these systems are currently in a constant flux, and which these systems need to grapple with to maintain homeostasis. The articles in this issue illustrate structures and processes of public administration systems at different scales and geographical levels—from frameworks, indices, organizational arrangements to paradigms—that have come to evolve as these systems influence or are influenced by the larger environment. Xialong Zou and Yan Li’s article “Integrated Approach for Smart City Index Development: From Concept to Indicator Weighting” deals with a new concept known in governance and urban planning circles as “smart city.” The authors argue that although several frameworks have been proposed to operationally identify and define the factors that make a city smart, a consensus has yet to be reached. This limitation served as impetus for the authors to propose their own framework and set of indicators for classifying smart cities. The indicators were first selected through a review of literature and later subjected to weighting and ranking with the help of experts on the field. The resulting integrated index is, interestingly, inclusive of aspects not necessarily ICT-related but crucial just the same to achieve smart urban living. The administrative concept of regional development council (RDC) is revisited by Alicia Celestino in “Do the Regional Development Councils Matter in Promoting Regional Development? A Historical Evidence.” The RDCs were established in the 1970s to facilitate and synchronize the development of Philippine regions. The goal of bringing economic progress in the regions, however, remains unrealized until today—thanks in part to the unfulfilled mission of the RDCs. Celestino points out that instead of harmonizing and directing development objectives and programs within administrative regions, the RDCs merely became an avenue to articulate development goals and wishes i without the benefit of being funded and implemented. A variety of factors made it this way. Historical data show that foremost among these are the RDCs insufficiency of funding and competence and, closely related to that, the lack of legal powers to fulfill their mandate. Enrico Basilio chronicles what he terms as the “waves of reform” in the Philippine port sector in “Eight Waves of Reform Initiatives in Philippine Port Administration and Governance.” He identifies eight major initiatives that basically transformed the sector from a public enterprise into a largely private one most notably after the hegemony of neoliberal economics had taken hold in Philippine governance discourse from the 1980s onwards. The roles of and degree of power of the state in the management and development of this crucial public utility are reviewed and assessed. Basilio considers privatization of the port sector as constructive and necessary and argues for the tearing down of long-standing barriers that prevent the full implementation of the privatization program. He identifies, in particular, the dual nature of the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) as a regulator and competitor to private port operators. In addition to a few other interventions, the author recommends correcting the existing port policy by amending the PPA charter. In what is perhaps a rare occurrence in the pages of the PJPA, the widely- accepted notion and discourse of good governance is interrogated and challenged by Maria Victoria Raquiza in the Reflections corner of this issue. In “The Mainstream Discourse on Good Governance for Developing Countries: Issues and Challenges,” the author traces the origins of good governance discourse
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