DOCSLIB.ORG

The Concept of Childhood in History and Theory Considered in Relation to Contemporary Debates About Children's Citizenship

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Concept of Childhood in History and Theory Considered in Relation to Contemporary Debates About Children's Citizenship _________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses The concept of childhood in history and theory considered in relation to contemporary debates about children's citizenship. Milne, Brian How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Milne, Brian (2010) The concept of childhood in history and theory considered in relation to contemporary debates about children's citizenship.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42446 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ The concept of childhood in history and theory considered in relation to contemporary debates about children’s citizenship Brian Milne Submitted to the University of Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Swansea University 2010 ProQuest Number: 10798154 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10798154 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Summary This research has been carried out on the basis of a quite short and quite simple question:Is the notion of children's citizenship a reality or romanticism? It looks at the status and extent of our knowledge of the position of children over a period of about 2500 years in the past and toward an as yet unpredictable time in the future. In so doing it looks at not only ‘ourselves’ (Western European societies) but other cultures, traditions and beliefs that broaden the question’s base. It considers branches of knowledge such as the social sciences, theology and philosophy. Those disciplines have examined humanity with varying amounts of reference to children or childhood for at least as long as any of them has existed. The choice of methods includes analytic induction, morphological analysis and content analysis cum symptomatic reading. Those choices are governed by the fact that most parts of all data are printed texts. Some of the content is also my own work, partially field based and other parts published texts. Some of my more recent, undocumented field based work has also raised questions that require answers that a work of this nature might provide. This research moves on and away from child participation using a children’s rights based argument toward examination of the relationship o f the child with the state, thus as a potential full member citizen, includingchildren's rights as part o f the broader human rights agenda. In so doing, the conclusions complete research that has taken a course in which the intent before examining evidence was to reach a position that was partly advocacy for full citizenship. The conclusions bearing the weight of historically and geographically widespread data now look at a better informed reality of the possibility of that being realised. Declaration This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed Date 30 March 2010 Statement 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed Date 30 March 2010 Statement 2 I hereby give consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed Date 30 March 2010 Contents Acknowledgements Chapter One: Introduction: the children’s citizenship paradigm Chapter Two: Research Design - Methodology and Methods Chapter Three: Citizenship Chapter Four: The emergence of childhood - from the ancient world until the dawn of the Enlightenment Chapter Five: The emergence of childhood - from the Enlightenment to modem world of childhood Chapter Six: Intellectual Discourse, Beliefs, Moral and Ideological Positions on Children from Antiquity until the Present - Children from Antiquity to the High Middle Ages Chapter Seven: Intellectual Discourse, Beliefs, Moral and Ideological Positions on Children from Antiquity until the Present - Early Modem to the Present Chapter Eight: The ‘child sciences, social sciences and childhood studies Chapter Nine: Children’s rights and the contemporary interest in child participation Chapter Ten: Issues concerning the legal status, welfare, policy making and inclusion of children in governance and full citizenship Chapter Eleven: Supplementary areas that contribute to notions of children’s citizenship Chapter Twelve: Conclusion Notes Appendices Bibliography Index Acknowledgements Many people have contributed to this work, usually unknowingly. Among the principal ones I would like to thank for their contribution are Antonella Invemizzi, Judith Ennew, Nigel Cantwell, Manfred Liebel, Jens Qvortrup, Michael Freeman, Henk van Beers and Priscilla Alderson. Each of them has said or written something that struck a particular note or had a very direct influence on how this research developed. Something written, said or inspired by each of them has consequently been included somewhere. Over the years a number of people including Alejandro Cussianovich, Nandana Reddy, Kavita Ratna and Fabrizio Terenzio have been part of relevant and very durable projects or have said something that has taught me a few extremely useful points that are borne in mind in my research. The many others are no less influential but will surely know they are meant if they ever read this work. Many thanks to my external examiner Bob Franklin whose work I admire immensely and whose comments I very much appreciate since they help me take this research forward. I must also thank the internal examiner Tracey Sagar and Kevin Haines for his superb but also gently humorously conductedviva voce chairmanship. Maria Davies is due thanks for her role as administrator responsible for getting examiners, date and myself together. Those thanks are especially due given that the first date was postponed when the most severe winter for several decades was just about at its worst when we should have assembled. However, she quickly rearranged it. Most grateful thanks to my supervisor Peter Raynor. His knowledge of classical philosophy and history were particularly helpful since I began this work with a basic knowledge but almost blind. He often knew where to look. As fortune would have it, he particularly liked parts of this work I enjoyed, but often felt uncertain about. With his support I feel I have a far more rounded knowledge of philosophy, theology and history - at least where any question regarding children and childhood is concerned. Over the last two decades or so I have met many people in a large number of very diverse countries. I would particularly wish to extend thanks to the many people in different parts of Viet Nam, often the poorest and yet amongst the happiest people I have ever met. I have met people and seen things in South America, Central and Southeast Asia and parts of Africa that have allowed me to see the world in a very different way to the that many other individuals are ever able to see. It gave me the ability to appreciate the importance of diversity that I have at least attempted to include in this work. My family too deserve thanks, especially my wife who is also the first mentioned above and with whom I occasionally work and am forever exchanging ideas. There are also our children, Ceri and Daryl, our dogs, Alex (since deceased and much missed) and Placido, and more recently two cats, Coco and Molly, who were always there and provided necessary diversions that gave me space to think in. Chapter One: Introduction: the children’s citizenship paradigm Who is the citizen, and what is the meaning o f the term? For here again there may be a difference of opinion. Aristotle, 1999b:52. This research sets out to examine the question of whether the notion of children’s citizenship is realism or romanticism. The nature of citizenship itself is a question that is often debated rather than resolved and there is no general agreement on a single definition. This research does not attempt to conclude with an unreserved solution. That is something which, like examination of many other social phenomena, requires time but also depends on substantial evidence for change to be facilitated. Then further substantiation needs to be accrued to prove that what may be shown in theory can also be proven by practice. I also wish to avoid hubris. I am acutely aware of comparable arguments against women ever acquiring rights that make them full citizens. Indeed, in some parts of our world that mindset is still the everyday reality for many women.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction: the Western Concept of Childhood
    Introduction: The Western Concept of Childhood Laurence Brockliss As the great European powers, and to a lesser extent the United States, became predominant commercially and militarily across the globe after 1850, the rest of the world came to see Western culture in all its many different forms as an ideal that had to be imitated and absorbed if colonization and domination by outsiders were ever to be overthrown or withstood. This was as true of concep- tions of childhood and child-rearing as anything else. In the Middle Ages European children had been largely seen as fallen, wilful and incomplete crea- tures whose socialization into adulthood was left to their parents and was a matter of custom. By the late nineteenth century, among most of the well-to- do at least, children were seen as fragile, innocent vessels: their upbringing required expert advice to be successfully negotiated and was the responsibility of the state as well as the family.1 Any history of children and child-rearing in the non-Western world in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries will inevitably have as its backdrop the impact of this still freshly minted idea of childhood on traditional beliefs and practices. At the same time, the influ- ence of Western ideas on any narrative of non-Western childhoods in the decades before and after the First World War will be far from straightforward. Importing the Western concept of childhood into traditional societies and cul- tures was inevitably a Herculean task. The supporters of modernization usu- ally lacked the money and the authority to enforce their will, while many of the modernizers were understandably ambivalent about unreservedly introducing the alien ideas of the imperialists into their native land, even if they believed there was a need to re-structure traditional beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Adolescent Empowerment and Engagement for Health
    KNOWLEDGE SUMMARY: 2020 WOMEN’S, CHILDREN’S AND ADOLESCENTS’ HEALTH 37 ADOLESCENT EMPOWERMENT AND ENGAGEMENT FOR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING: strengthening capacities, opportunities and rights Photo: Flickr Creative Commons Brown License/UN Women/Ryan Flickr Photo: The world’s 1.2 billion adolescents (aged 10–19 years) have a fundamental right to engage meaningfully in all matters that affect their lives (Box 1) (1, 2). This includes the right to engage in decision-making as equal and valuable partners, while being supported in their roles as adolescent leaders and advocates (3). When adolescents participate in decision-making, the resulting policies and programmes are more likely to respond to their diverse needs (4). Such engagement requires the empowerment of adolescents, by increasing their capacities, skills, autonomy and decision- making power, and by advancing their rights (5–7). Box 1. Definition of meaningful adolescent engagement (1) Meaningful adolescent engagement is defined as an inclusive, intentional and mutually respectful partnership between adolescents and adults, whereby power is shared, respective contributions are valued, and young people’s ideas, perspectives, skills and strengths are integrated into the design and delivery of programmes, strategies, policies and funding mechanisms that affect their lives, communities and countries, and the wider world. Hosted by the World Health Organization What do we know about engaging adolescents Box 2. Engaging adolescents to to improve health and well-being? improve HIV service delivery In recent years there has been an important shift away from Zvandiri is a multicomponent service viewing adolescents solely as passive beneficiaries of services, delivery programme for children and and towards considering them as powerful agents of change.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report ______January 01 –December 31, 2003
    Phoenix Final Report ____________________________________________________________________________________ January 01 –December 31, 2003 FINAL REPORT January 01 – December 31, 2003 The Grantor: Save the Tiger Fund Project No: № 2002 – 0301 – 034 Project Name: “Operation Amba Siberian Tiger Protection – III” The Grantee: The Phoenix Fund Report Period: January 01 – December 31, 2003 Project Period: January 01 – December 31, 2003 The objective of this project is to conserve endangered wildlife in the Russian Far East and ensure long-term survival of the Siberian tiger and its prey species through anti-poaching activities of Inspection Tiger and non-governmental investigation teams, human-tiger conflict resolution and environmental education. To achieve effective results in anti-poaching activity Phoenix encourage the work of both governmental and public rangers. I. KHABAROVSKY AND SPECIAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS OF INSPECTION TIGER This report will highlight the work and outputs of Khabarovsky anti-poaching team and Special Emergency Response team that cover the south of Khabarovsky region and the whole territory of Primorsky region. For the reported period, the Khabarovsky team has documented 47 cases of ecological violations; Special Emergency Response team has registered 25 conflict tiger cases. Tables 1 and 2 show the results of both teams. Conflict Tiger Cases The Special Emergency Response Team works on the territory of Primorsky region and south of Khabarovsky region. For the reported period, 25 conflict tiger cases have been registered and investigated by the Special Emergency Response team of Inspection Tiger, one of them transpired to be a “false alarm”. 1) On January 04, 2003 the Special Emergency Response team received information from gas filling station workers that in the vicinity of Terney village they had seen a tiger with a killed dog crossing Terney-Plastun route.
    [Show full text]
  • Šolsko Polje, XXXI, 2020, 3-4: Convention on the Rights of the Child
    Convention on the Rights of the Child and Adultism: How to Deconstruct a Myth? Jelena Vranješević, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade he image of the child in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1989) is represented by three “Ps”: protection, provision and Tparticipation (Lansdown, 2005). According to the CRC, states are obliged to protect children from all forms of discrimination and physical or mental violence: injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, mal- treatment or exploitation; economic exploitation or any work that may in- terfere with their education or is harmful to their health or physical, men- tal, spiritual, moral or social development; illicit use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; all forms of exploitation that are harmful to any aspect of their welfare such as the abduction, sale of or traffic of children and all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse. At the same time, having in mind their vulnerability, the obligation of a state (adults) is to provide/ ensure children’s survival and development: adequate family accommo- dation, health and social protection, adequate standard of living, com- pulsory and free primary education and options for secondary schooling; provision of appropriate and equal opportunities for cultural, artistic, rec- reational and leisure activity; the right to a name, family identity and citi- zenship, as well as legal and other assistance for defence purposes. Protection and provision narratives are in harmony with the domi- nant image of the child as sensitive and vulnerable, in need of being pro- tected from various sources of endangerment; also, the child who should be provided with all things necessary for survival and development.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hungarian Historical Review “Continuities and Discontinuities
    The Hungarian Historical Review New Series of Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Volume 5 No. 1 2016 “Continuities and Discontinuities: Political Thought in the Habsburg Empire in the Long Nineteenth Century” Ferenc Hörcher and Kálmán Pócza Special Editors of the Thematic Issue Contents Articles MARTYN RADY Nonnisi in sensu legum? Decree and Rendelet in Hungary (1790–1914) 5 FERENC HÖRCHER Enlightened Reform or National Reform? The Continuity Debate about the Hu ngarian Reform Era and the Example of the Two Széchenyis (1790–1848) 22 ÁRON KOVÁCS Continuity and Discontinuity in Transylvanian Romanian Thought: An Analysis of Four Bishopric Pleas from the Period between 1791 and 1842 46 VLASTA ŠVOGER Political Rights and Freedoms in the Croatian National Revival and the Croatian Political Movement of 1848–1849: Reestablishing Continuity 73 SARA LAGI Georg Jellinek, a Liberal Political Thinker against Despotic Rule (1885–1898) 105 ANDRÁS CIEGER National Identity and Constitutional Patriotism in the Context of Modern Hungarian History: An Overview 123 http://www.hunghist.org HHHR_2016_1.indbHR_2016_1.indb 1 22016.06.03.016.06.03. 112:39:582:39:58 Contents Book Reviews Das Preßburger Protocollum Testamentorum 1410 (1427)–1529, Vol. 1. 1410–1487. Edited by Judit Majorossy and Katalin Szende. Das Preßburger Protocollum Testamentorum 1410 (1427)–1529, Vol. 2. 1487–1529. Edited by Judit Majorossy und Katalin Szende. Reviewed by Elisabeth Gruber 151 Sopron. Edited by Ferenc Jankó, József Kücsán, and Katalin Szende with contributions by Dávid Ferenc, Károly Goda, and Melinda Kiss. Sátoraljaújhely. Edited by István Tringli. Szeged. Edited by László Blazovich et al. Reviewed by Anngret Simms 154 Egy székely két élete: Kövendi Székely Jakab pályafutása [Two lives of a Székely: The career of Jakab Székely of Kövend].
    [Show full text]
  • A Handbook on Child Participation in Parliament a H a Ndbook on C H Ndbook Ild P a Rti C I Pa Tion in P a Rli a Ment
    18 - 18 2011 o. N in Parliament in HANDBOOK FOR PARLIAMENTARIANS ARLIAMENTARY UNION INTER-P UNION INTERPARLEMENTAIRE A Handbook on Child Participation Participation Child on A Handbook UNICEF A HAndbook on CHild PArtiCipation in PArliAment IPU A HAndbook on CHild PArtiCipation in PArliAment A Handbook on Child Participation in Parliament Foreword his handbook, a collaborative effort of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and TUNICEF(United Nations Children’s Fund), addresses some of the key ways in which parliamentarians can guarantee that children’s voices, concerns and interests find expression in and enjoy meaningful attention from parliaments. Children are entitled to be involved in the wide range of issues that affect them, and as they grow and develop their opportunities for participation should expand from private to public spaces, from local to global influence. However, while some children are beginning to actively exercise their rights and become agents of change, the voices of many of the world’s young citizens remain unheard, their interests forgotten or ignored. As the principal representatives of their constituents, including children, parliamentarians are uniquely placed to give the views of children – especially those who are the most deprived and most vulnerable – a platform in their work. By inviting children to testify in committees, consulting children in their communities or bringing children’s perspectives to bear on the budget process, parliamentarians can ensure that children’s opinions have an impact on the direction of policies, the implementation of laws and the design of budgets. Listening to children and allowing them to contribute to decision-making processes can lead to better decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child for Young Children
    UNITED CRC NATIONS Convention on the Distr. Rights of the Child GENERAL CRC/C/GC/7/Rev.1 20 September 2006 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD Fortieth Session Geneva, 12-30 September 2005 GENERAL COMMENT No. 7 (2005) Implementing child rights in early childhood I. INTRODUCTION 1. This general comment arises out of the Committee’s experiences of reviewing States parties’ reports. In many cases, very little information has been offered about early childhood, with comments limited mainly to child mortality, birth registration and health care. The Committee felt the need for a discussion on the broader implications of the Convention on the Rights of the Child for young children. Accordingly, in 2004, the Committee devoted its day of general discussion to the theme “Implementing child rights in early childhood”. This resulted in a set of recommendations (see CRC/C/143, sect. VII) as well as the decision to prepare a general comment on this important topic. Through this general comment, the Committee wishes to encourage recognition that young children are holders of all rights enshrined in the Convention and that early childhood is a critical period for the realization of these rights. The Committee’s working definition of “early childhood” is all young children: at birth and throughout infancy; during the preschool years; as well as during the transition to school (see paragraph 4 below). II. OBJECTIVES OF THE GENERAL COMMENT 2. The objectives of the general comment are: (a) To strengthen understanding of the human rights
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Assistance Series HAROLD M. JONES Interviewed by: Self Initial interview date: n/a Copyright 2002 ADST Dedicated with love and affection to my family, especially to Loretta, my lovable supporting and charming wife ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The inaccuracies in this book might have been enormous without the response of a great number of people I contacted by phone to help with the recall of events, places, and people written about. To all of them I am indebted. Since we did not keep a diary of anything that resembled organized notes of the many happenings, many of our friends responded with vivid memories. I have written about people who have come into our lives and stayed for years or simply for a single visit. More specifically, Carol, our third oldest daughter and now a resident of Boulder, Colorado contributed greatly to the effort with her newly acquired editing skills. The other girls showed varying degrees of interest, and generally endorsed the effort as a good idea but could hardly find time to respond to my request for a statement about their feelings or impressions when they returned to the USA to attend college, seek employment and to live. There is no one I am so indebted to as Karen St. Rossi, a friend of the daughters and whose family we met in Kenya. Thanks to Estrellita, one of our twins, for suggesting that I link up with Karen. “Do you use your computer spelling capacity? And do you know the rule of i before e except after c?” Karen asked after completing the first lot given her for editing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hungarian Historical Review
    Hungarian Historical Review 5, no. 1 (2016): 5–21 Martyn Rady Nonnisi in sensu legum? Decree and Rendelet in Hungary (1790–1914) The Hungarian “constitution” was never balanced, for its sovereigns possessed a supervisory jurisdiction that permitted them to legislate by decree, mainly by using patents and rescripts. Although the right to proceed by decree was seldom abused by Hungary’s Habsburg rulers, it permitted the monarch on occasion to impose reforms in defiance of the Diet. Attempts undertaken in the early 1790s to hem in the ruler’s power by making the written law both fixed and comprehensive were unsuccessful. After 1867, the right to legislate by decree was assumed by Hungary’s government, and ministerial decree or “rendelet” was used as a substitute for parliamentary legislation. Not only could rendelets be used to fill in gaps in parliamentary legislation, they could also be used to bypass parliament and even to countermand parliamentary acts, sometimes at the expense of individual rights. The tendency remains in Hungary for its governments to use discretionary administrative instruments as a substitute for parliamentary legislation. Keywords: constitution, decree, patent, rendelet, legislation, Diet, Parliament In 1792, the Transylvanian Diet opened in the assembly rooms of Kolozsvár (today Cluj, Romania) with a trio, sung by the three graces, each of whom embodied one of the three powers identified by Montesquieu as contributing to a balanced constitution.1 The Hungarian constitution, however, was never balanced. The power attached to the executive was always the greatest. Attempts to hem in the executive, however, proved unsuccessful. During the later nineteenth century, the legislature surrendered to ministers a large share of its legislative capacity, with the consequence that ministerial decree or rendelet often took the place of statute law.
    [Show full text]
  • Isaiah Berlin's Anti-Procrustean Liberalism: Ideas, Circumstances
    1 Isaiah Berlin’s Anti-Procrustean Liberalism: Ideas, Circumstances, and the Protean Individual Jonathan Allen Assistant Professor Department of Political Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association (August 28- 31, 2003, Philadelphia, PA) 2 Introduction: Isaiah Berlin’s death in 1997, and the appearance of several new collections of essays by him over the past decade, have resulted in a flurry of writing about his political thought. As always, commentators have divided sharply over the status of his contribution to political thought. Some of his admirers point to the importance and originality of his formulation of the idea of value-pluralism – the notion that multiple moral and non-moral values exist, that they may conflict with one another, and that when they do, such conflict cannot be resolved by appeal to a single, overarching value or by means of a single scale of values. Many see Berlin’s attempt to ally pluralism and liberalism as his most stimulating contribution to political theory, or note the role he played in Oxford and more generally in reviving interest in the history of ideas and in presenting to the English-speaking world a range of thinkers otherwise likely to have been lost to view – Vico, Herder, de Maistre, Sorel, etc. Berlin’s detractors, on the other hand, note the absence from his writings of a book-length defense of his views, or find fault with the accuracy of his work in the history of ideas and with his scholarship in general.1 It might be thought that this difference of opinion is in itself of interest only to those who were personally acquainted with Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving a Tiger Attack
    Neurosurg Rev (2012) 35:621–624 DOI 10.1007/s10143-012-0406-1 CASE REPORT Case report: surviving a tiger attack Pedram Emami & Thomas M. Kaiser & Jan Regelsberger & Einar Goebell & Jens Fiehler & Manfred Westphal & Oliver Heese Received: 5 September 2011 /Revised: 19 April 2012 /Accepted: 17 May 2012 /Published online: 10 July 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Attacks on humans by large predators are rare, obvious penetration of the skull by the tiger’s canines. This especially in Northern Europe. In cases of involvement of seems to be related to the specific dynamics of the cranial the craniocervical compartment, most of the attacks are not assault and the reduced forces applied to the patient’s head survived. We report on a case where the patient survived a demonstrated in a 3D bite simulation. tiger attack despite severe head trauma and discuss the circumstances leading to the patient’s survival and excellent outcome. The patient we report on is a 28-year-old tamer, Introduction who was attacked by three tigers during an evening show. A bite to the head resulted in multiple injuries including left- Objectives and importance sided skull penetration wounds with dislocated fractures, dural perforations, and brain parenchyma lesions. The pa- Injuries to humans caused by attack from large predators are tient recovered without neurological deficits after initial ICU very rare, especially in Northern Europe. Most of the reports treatment. No infection occurred. In order to understand the found in the literature describe attacks that took place in ’ ’ mechanism of the tiger s bite to the patient s cranium, a Asia [8, 11, 12]; a few cases were reported on accidents in simulation of the attack was performed using a human and zoos [13] or animal farms [1] in the USA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Hunt of Jim Corbett by Joseph Jordania University of Melbourne
    Presentation treatment Of the feature film The Last Hunt of Jim Corbett By Joseph Jordania University of Melbourne Logline: An aging legendary hunter-turned conservationist Jim Corbett is asked to go after a very cunning man-eating tiger that is terrorizing mountain villages and thousands of woodchoppers at the Indian-Nepalese border. The hunter finds himself trapped between the governmental intrigues and the man-eating tiger who is hunting Corbett. Genre: environmental drama-suspense I N T R O D U C T I O N This text is the result of detailed investigation of the author of the story the last hunt of the legendary hunter, conservationist and author Jim Corbett. This hunt took place in Kumaon, North India, between the small villages Chuka and Thak, next to Nepal, in October-November 1938. This is the last story of Corbett’s book “Man-Eaters of Kumaon” (1944. Oxford University Press). The book became an instant classic and bestseller. From the early 1970s, when I read this story for the first time, I was profoundly moved by its sheer dramatic, thriller-like atmosphere, where the hunter and the man-eating tiger stalk each other in the jungles and the streets of the deserted Indian village. Every bit of the story, starting with the heart-melting accidental meeting of Corbett with the future man-eating tigress with small cubs (during Corbett’s previous hunt), followed by the tragic change of the life of the tigress, caused by the poacher-inflicted wounds, attacks on humans, and then hair-rising duel of the hunter and the clever tigress, culminating in the dramatic encounter of the hunter and the tigress on the dying seconds of the daylight, was the most dramatic story I have ever read.
    [Show full text]