Essence of Manu Smriti
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ESSENCE OF MANU SMRITI ( Aaachaara Khanda) Compiled, translated and edited by V.D.N.Rao, former General Manager, India Trade Promotion Organization, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, Ministry of Commerce, Govt.of India, now at Chennai. 1 Other Scripts by the same Author: Essence of Puranas:-Maha Bhagavata, Vishnu Purana, Matsya Purana, Varaha Purana, Kurma Purana, Vamana Purana, Narada Purana, Padma Purana; Shiva Purana, Linga Purana, Skanda Purana, Markandeya Purana, Devi Bhagavata;Brahma Purana, Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Agni Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Nilamata Purana; Shri Kamakshi Vilasa Dwadasha Divya Sahasranaama: a) Devi Chaturvidha Sahasra naama: Lakshmi, Lalitha, Saraswati, Gayatri; b) Chaturvidha Shiva Sahasra naama-Linga-Shiva-Brahma Puranas and Maha Bhagavata; c) Trividha Vishnu and Yugala Radha-Krishna Sahasra naama-Padma-Skanda-Maha Bharata and Narada Purana. Stotra Kavacha- A Shield of Prayers Purana Saaraamsha; Select Stories from Puranas Essence of Dharma Sindhu Essence of Shiva Sahasra Lingarchana Essence of Paraashara Smtiti Essence of Pradhana Tirtha Mahima Dharma Bindu Essence of Upanishads : Brihadaranyaka , Katha, Tittiriya, Isha, Svetashwara of Yajur Veda-Chhandogya and Kena of Saama Veda-Atreya and Kausheetaki of Rig Veda-Mundaka, Mandukya and Prashna of Atharva Veda ; Also ‗Upanishad Saaraamsa‘ (Quintessence of Upanishads) Essence of Virat Parva of Maha Bharata Essence of Bharat Yatra Smriti Essence of Brahma Sutras Essence of Sankhya Parijnaana- Also Essence of Knowledge of Numbers Essence of Narada Charitra; Essence Neeti Chandrika Essence of Hindu Festivals and Austerities Essence of Manu Smriti* Note: All the above Scriptures already released on www. Kamakoti. Org/news as also on Google by the respective references. The one with * is under process] 2 CONTENTS The Twelve Chapters of Aachara Khanda are described as follows: Preface 4 I. Introduction: Emergence of the resplendent Swayam Bhu after ‘Mahapralaya’ and the 5 revival of the dormant suskhma rupas of Maha Tatwa,Water, Pancha Bhutas and so on besides the ‘charaachara jagat’, Kaala maana, rotation of Yugas and Yuga dharmas, Manvantaras, and comparative merits human beings II.Revival of Veda, Dharma, Karma, Chatur Varna, Chatur Ashrama, Achaara- Vyavahra, 23 Karmacharana, Samskaras, basic Streedharmas, Dwija Lakshana, Gurukula Vidyabhasa, Duties of Brahmacharis, Snaana-Bhojana Vidhis, Upaasanas. III. ‘Vivaahadi Vyavahara’, ‘Stree Vishaya’,Yagjna Vidhis’, ‘Shraddhas’ and Nishiddhas. 52 IV . Vritti Lakshanas’, ‘Snaataka Vrata’, ‘Bhakshya -abhakshya’ bhojana, Nishidda karma- 78 niyamas, Daana Prashamsha, Pratigraha Niyamas, and ‘Shoucha’ and Snaanas. V. ‘Dravyaadi Shuddhi’, Vastushuddhi, Preta shuddhi, Sree Dharmas, Grihastha Dharmas. 99 VI. ‘Vaanaprastha-Sanyasa Dharmas’. 111 VII. ‘Raja Dharmas and Vishaya Nirnayas’ like Saakshi Dharmas, Law Suits, Examination 120 of witnesses, Laws concerning husband and wife, Laws of Inheritance and Property Divisions, Gambling and Kaaraagaara Shiksha or Mrityu Dandana. VIII. Regulations concerning Vaishyas and the Lower Caste, the Origin of the Mixed Castes, 138 ‘Aapaddharmas’ or the Laws for all castes in times of distress and the Law of Prayaschittas and Purifications ie penances. IX.The Threefold Course of Transmigrations, the Result of (good or bad) actions, the 149 Methodology of attaining the Supreme Bliss and of Introspection of the Virtuous-Vicious deeds. X. The Fundamental Regulations concerning various countries, castes, faiths and of families 166 including heretics, foreign traders and Institutions. XI. Outstanding Brahmanas wed only to enable to Yagjnas are called Dharma Bhikshus 173 203 and the issue of family maintenance is praised by charities of Kings and other dwijas ; Brahmanas praised for agni karyas but lapses demnad prasyasthittas. XII. Satkarma prapti by heart-speech-body in one’s self control failing which NarakaPrapti 191 inevitable as described. Trigunas of Satva-Rajo-Tamas and improper mix results disasters to every being. Shista Brahmanas seeking Mukti anchored to their boats of Samasara with Veda Vidya, Nishkaama Karma, Atma Jnaana and total surrender to the Unknown, to secure ‘Tadatmya’ or Bliss. Phala Shruti. Annexture on ‘Go Maata’ 203 3 Preface Manu Smriti comprises three Khaandas or Branches viz. Aachara Khaanda, Vyavahara Khaanda, and Prayasthittha Khaanda. Aachaara Khaanda comprising twelve chapters describes Charurvarna Dharmas, Chaturaashrama Dharamas, Aahnika Vidhis or Daily Duties, Snaatakaadi grihastha dharmas, Loukika Aapatkaala Dharmas, Vivaahaadi Dharmas, Stree and Putra Dharmas, Shraaddha / Pitru Yagnas, etc. Vyavahaara Khaanda comprising eight chapters delineates Raja Dharmas, Shanti Bhadratas or Mainenance of Peace and Administration, Defence, Finance-Taxes-Budgeting, Banking, Industry and Commerce, and so on. The third and final is Prayasttittha Khaanda consisting of twelve chapters is a compendium of various types of atonements of committing sins, against the prescribed principles of ‗Dharmaacharana‘ or the Golden Path of Virtue and Justice. The present script attempts the Essence of Manu Smriti (Aaachara Khanda) only.In this, plentiful references of Puranas, Upanishahds etc. have been given. A detailed Annexure on ‗Go Maata‘ is included too. After a long stay of the best part of life in Delhi, I shifted to Chennai in my last leg to settle down since over decade now, although my visits to Kanchimutt had been several especially while visiting Chennai on official and personal tours. I had the unique honour of forwarding or bringing personally the Haridwar‘s ‗ganga jal‘reciting gayatri and a few stanzas in sanskrit besides ‗bedaanaa‘ promogranate fruits for the personal consumption of Maha Swami of Kanchi who is our family ‗daivam‘. From this background, after Maha Swami, the self got accustomed to visit Kanchi Mutt though not with frequence.. On exiting service even after retirement, I took to writing which is my passion. Persuaded by my sons and friends I took to translating into English from the Hindi and Telugu sources of some five of Maha Puranas and condensing them by christening them as the series of ‗Essence of Puranas‘. But that effort was of no consequence and as the passion of writing was direction-less. A bold initiative was taken especially persuaded by my wife and sons made a trip to Kanchi and as HH. Jayendra Saraswati was not at the Mutt, met Bala Swami whom we used to pay prostrations ever since he took to Ashram , under the tutelage of Maha Swami. HH Vijayendra Saraswati was shown the scripts with great hesitation and diffidence like Kuchela to Lord Krishna. He touched the books and asked one of his disciples to release them by their website remarking that such scripture translations was like ‗veda pathana‘. Since then which proved as an ‗amrita ghadia‘, there never has been a turning back and the Maha Puranas and some Upa Puranas had been released, besides Dwadasha Upanishads, Brahma Sutras, Besides, Essence of Dharma Sindhu, Essence of Dharma Bindu sponantaniously suggested by HH himself, and now the Achaara Khanda of Manu Smiriti, the present one being at the specific command of HH. Vijayendra Saraswati.In my latest ‗darshan‘ of his, he instructed that my effort be strenghened in the direction of Dharma Prachara and blessed my instant struggle for translating the present assignment; I dared to request him that my present endeavour be blessed to deserve my dedicating this script and he smiled! May I therefore dedicate this present Script of Essence of Manu Smriti to him and bless me and my family. I would like to soon present the Quintessence of this very script without frills and embellishments of references of Puranas and Upanishads with minimal Sanskrit content excepting the Main Stream of the earlier for general reading as directed by HH. VDN Rao 4 ESSENCE OF MANU SMRITI Vedah Smritih Sadaachaarah Swasya cha priyamaatmanah, Etacchatur vidham praahuh saakshaat Dharmasya lakshanam/ (Veda-Smriti- Sadaachara-and one‘s own Conscience constitute the four cornerstones of Dharma.) AACHAARA KHAANDA Chapter I Introduction Manumekaagra maaneesanabhigamya Maharshayah,Pratipujya yathaanyaayamidam vachanamad - bhuvan/ Bhagavaan sarva varnaam yathaavanupurvashah, Antaraprabhavaanaanaam dharmaanno vaktumarhasi/ Twamekohyaasya sarvasya vidhaanasya Swayambhuvah, Achintyayaaprameyasya kaarya tatwaarthavipatprabho/ Sataih prushthastathaa samyagatitaujaa mahaatmabhi pratyuvaaccharyataan sarvam Maharshineen shruutataamiti/( 1-4) (A few illustrious Maharshis having approached and formally worshipped Manu Prajapati requested Him to instruct them about the Basic Principles of Dharma as He being ‗Swayambhu‘ the Self Generated was indeed the embodiment of the entire Knowledge of Rig-Yajur-Saama-Atthavana Vedas and ‗Shat Vedangas‘viz. Shiksha- Kalpa-Vyakarana-Nirukti-Chhandas and Jyotisha; indeed He was the singular practitioner of Jyoshtomaadi Yagjna Karyaas. As such His unique competence to instruct and guide the generations ahead would be unparalleled to delineate the Glorious Principles of Dharma as the Representative of ‗Paramatma‘ the ‗achintya- aprameya-anaadi-arupa!) . Thus the great Sages requested to enlighten them, Manu Deva replied as per the following) Creation of Universe-Kaalamaana-Prajapati : Aaseedidam tamobhutam apragjnaatam alakshanam, aprataryam avigjneeyam prasuptamiva sarvatah/ Tatah Swayambhurbhagavaan avyakto vyanjayanna idam, Mahaa Bhutaadi vritta-ojaah praadura -aseettamonudah/ Yosaavateendraya graahyaah sukshmovyaktah sanaatanah, Sarvabhutamayochinyah