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Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Archaeological Society photo: Ms K. c'orttford. PLATE I. BRADBOURNE, LARKFIELD, KENT. West and South Fronts (1713-1774). photo: Miss E. C. T lampoon. PLATE II. THE GREAT HALL, with Portraits, looking East, ( 43 )

NOTES ON THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN. together with a List and brief Description of the Family Portraits bequeathed to the Kent Archceological Society by the late Sir John Bamskill Twisden, 12th and last Bart., prepared' by RONALD G. HATTON, C.B.E., D.SC., F.R.S., AND THE REVD. CHRISTOPHER H. HATTON, O.S.B.

EXTRACT from the last Mitt ant testament of Sir John Ramskill Twisden, Baronet, 29.11.1929. "11. I Bequeath to my Executors all my portraits of members of "Twysden and Twisden family and of persons related to that family "hereinafter called "my Family Portraits" UPON TRUST to deliver to "the Trustees for the time being of the National Portrait Gallery to be "exhibited there— "(First) either the two miniatures framed together of Sir William " Twysden first Baronet of Roydon Hall and his Wife or in lieu thereof "the portrait in oils of the same Sir William "(Secondly) one of the portraits of Sir Roger Twysden Second Baronet "of Roydon Hall. "(Thirdly) One of the Portraits of Sir Thomas Twisden First Baronet of "Bradbourne. "(Fourthly) One of the portraits of Dr. John Twisden their brother. "(Fifthly) The portrait of Colonel Matthew Thomlinson and "(Sixthly) such other of my Family Portraits as the Trustees for the "time being of the said Gallery may desire to have and subject to the "foregoing bequests my Executors shall hold the remainder of my "Family Portraits UPON TRUST for the Kent Archceological Society "provided that my Executors shall be satisfied that such Society can "make proper provision for their custody but if my Executors shall not "be so satisfied or failing the acceptance thereof by the said Society my "Executors shall hold the remainder of my Family Portraits UPON "TRUST for the Corporation of Maidstone for their Museum upon the "same conditions as to provision being made for their custody but in "case my Executors shall not be satisfied as aforesaid or failing the 2 Sources: The Family of Twysden and Twisden—their History and archives from an original by Sir John Ramskill Twisden, 12th Baronet of Bradbourne ; completed by C. H. Dudley Ward, D.S.O. M.O. John Murray, Albemarle Street, , W. 1939. "Catalogue of The Bra:dbournPietures" ( Z.K. 1863) and the " Manuscript Oataloguecompiledby Sir John.RamskillTwisden," 1912, 44 TEA FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN

"acceptance thereof by the Corporation of Maidstone my Trustees shall "hold the said Portraits UPON THE TRUSTS of the Bradbourne Estate "or as near thereto as may be as heirlooms therewith AND I DIRECT my "Executors to permit the Trustees of the National Portrait Gallery the "Kent Archeological Society and the Corporation of Maidstone to "inspect and take extracts from the notes and memoranda which relate "to the said portraits or the history or authenticity of them or any of "them." The Kent Archeeological Society accepted this bequest on June 9th, 1938, and under an agreement made with the Kent Incorporated Society for Promoting Experiments in Horticulture (better known as the East Mailing Research Station) the portraits remain at Bradbourne, Larkfield (Plate I), lately the seat of Sir J. R. Twisden, Bart., but now the property and headquarters of the Research Station. On hearing that the rest of the family portraits were to remain at Bradbourne, the Trustees of the National Portrait Gallery returned the six portraits especially bequeathed to them in order that the collection might remain complete in its most appropriate setting (Plate II). Bradbourne is open to members of the Kent Archmological Society on the first Saturday in each month or on special applicatiOn between 2 p.m. and dusk, for the purpose of seeing the portraits. The principal references in Archceologia Cantiana to the Twysden and Twisden family are as follows: "Sir Roger Twysden's Journal," 1, 184; II, 175; III, 145; IV, 131. "Will of Roger Twysden" (1464), III, 200. "Will of Thomas Twysden" (1500), III, 203. "A Chapter of County Gossip," V, 87. "A Passage in the History of the Twysden Family," VIII, 50. "The Diary of Isabella Twysden," LI, 113-36. "The Family of Twysden and Twisden" (Review), LI, 221-4.

NOTES ON "THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN " AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE PORTRAITS. Bradbourne, for the past 280 .years the home of the Twisdens, was a moated house in the time of Queen Elizabeth. It belonged to George Catlyn—himself a connection of the Twysdens through his Roydon wife and mother. He had no .heir and sold the property to Richard Manningham, who died in 1612, and whose effigy is in East Mailing Church. The fourth Manningham, Richard the younger, sold Bradbourne about 1656 to Thomas Twisden, more of whom anon. There were Twysdens established in Kent, both at Sandhurst and Goudhurst—where there is still a farm house of that name—at leastin THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWTSDEN 45 the thirteenth and fourteenth century. By the fifteenth century they held estates at Chelmington and Wye, and one, Roger Twysden, was• in Jack Cade's rebellion (1450). One Thomas Twysden was a monk, Bede, at Battle Abbey, and, after its dissolution, successfully managed the estate at Wye for his brother's son and heir, Roger, while a minor. Subsequently William Twysden of Chelmington and Wye married Elizabeth (Plate III), the heiress of Roydon, , in 1542, and this brought the main Twisden family definitely .back to West Kent. Elizabeth must have been both an attractive personality, for she married three times, and a good business woman, for, as Lady Golding, she survived all three husbands and actively helped her son, Roger Twysden (Plate III), to build up and acquire the Roydon Estate. This Roger Twysden became Sheriff of Kent (1599) and married Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Wiat, the younger (Plate IV), of Allington Castle. (It is here interesting for Kent folk to note that Roger's sister Margaret married Richard Dering of Pluckley, while his daughter Margaret Twysden married Sir Harry Vane, the elder.) The eldest son of Roger and Anne, William Twysden (Plate V), born 1566, married into yet another Kentish family. His wife, Anne Finch (Plate V), was the daughter of Sir Moyle Finch, 1st Bart. of Eastwell, by Elizabeth, 1st Countess of Winchelsea. William was a great courtier and became the 1st Twysden Baronet of Roydon (1611). He and his wife lived in great style, and had a family of considerable interest. The daughters, Anne and Elizabeth (Plate VII), married Sir and Sir Hugh Cholmley, both subsequently prominent in the Civil War. The latter ultimately had to leave his native county in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and is buried at East Peckham. Of the sons, the 4th, John Twysden,, M.D. (Plate VII), was a noted man of science in his time, as well as a qualified medical practitioner. He was particularly interested in mathematics, astronomy and chemistry and was famous for his "Viper Powder." He also wrote a treatise in defence of Christianity and was buried in St. Margaret's, Westminster. The eldest son, Sir Roger Twysden (Plate VI), the second Baronet of Roydon, was a scholar and antiquarian. During the Civil War he suffered great hardships for his outspoken and =biased opinions. He was imprisoned by the Parliamentarians, his estates sequestrated and wilfully mismanaged. His wife, Isabella &under (Plate VI), behaved heroically in trying to obtain his release and pardon, but, despite the fact that his cousin, Sir Heneage Finch (Plate IV), was Solicitor General at the time, it was long before he obtained relief, and, although his son, William, 3rd Baronet of Roydon, tried to put the estate once more in order, this Roydon branch of the Twysden family became more notorious than prosperous. 46 THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN

One branch, with which the title remains, migrated to the West and served their country with distinction in the army and navy. Sir Thomas, 4th Bart., and Sir William, 6th Bart., were both spendthrifts. Though Sir William, 5th Bart. (Plate VIII), who married his cousin Jane Twisden (Plate VIII), was a farmer at heart, and tried to redeem the family fortunes, his third son, Philip, Bishop of Raphoe, was made bankrupt and, so the story goes, took to a highwayman's career, and was ultimately shot on Wrotham Heath while holding up one of his brother's guests. The home of the Bishop's daughter Frances, Lady Jersey, a favourite of George IV, became a society gambling rendezvous, at which the reputations of her cousins were in no way enhanced. Sir William Jarvis, the 7th Bart., while being pursued by his creditors, engineered an elopement to Gretna Green, and subsequently got even more deeply into debt, while William, the 8th Bart., with an annuity of £200 a year—the remnant of Roydon—posed as a "Regency Buck," and made a bigamous alliance. His brother Francis preferred to earn an honest living as a railway porter at Ashford. There is little wonder then that the Roydon Estate and family portraits finally changed hands in 1834. Thomas Twisden (Plate X), who bought and imparked Bradbourne, was the second son of Sir William Twysden, 1st Bart. of Roydon and Lady Anne, and the brother of much persecuted Sir Roger. He was a lawyer and set out to form a second branch of the family not only by his acquisition of Bradbourne and neighbouring properties but by his change of the letter y to i in his name. He took part in local affairs and was Recorder for Maidstone and, for a short time, its Member of Parliament. His legal practice in London, however, forced laim to give up local affairs. Though a Royalist at heart, he acquiesced in Cromwell's regime and accepted office under him. He was elected one of the burgesses of Maidstone in the Convention Parliament which proclaimed the restoration of the King and it was after that, in July, 1660, that he was made a Judge of the High Court and knighted. He was one of the three Judges before whom the Regicides were tried after the Restoration, and also one of thc assessors appointed after the Great Fire of London. Amongst his other interesting trials was that of John Bunyan. He was granted a baronetcy in 1666. He married Jane Thoralinson, whose brother, Colonel Mathew Thomlinson (Plate X), was captain of the guard which looked after Charles I at St. James's Palace and escorted him to ;Whitehall for his execution. As an appreciation of his courteous behaviour, King Charles presented him with his gold toothpick, which was long kept as a relic at Bradbourne. Colonel Thonalinson was buried in the chancel of East Mailing Church. Thomas' son, Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Bart. of Bradbourne, con- solidated the estate. By marrying Margaret, daughter of Sir John Marsham, 1st Baronet of Wb.ome's Place, Cuxton, he allied with yet PLATE HI. ELIZABETH ROYDON ROGER TWYBDEN (circa 1587). (circa 1587). PLATE IV. SIR HENEAGE FINCH SIR THOMAS WIAT, the younger (circa 1625 School of Daniel Myttens). (copy by Herbert L. Smith). PLATE: V. SIR WILLIAM TWYSDEN. 1st Bart. of Roydon ANNE FINCH, Lady Twysden (dated 1829). (circa 1615). PLATE VI. SIR ROGER TWYSDEN, 2nd Bart. of Roydon ISABELLA SAUNDER, Lady Twysden (dated 1648). (circa 1645). PLATE VII. Called ELIZABETH TWYSDEN, Lady Cholrnley JOHN TWYSDEN, M.D. (circa 1685), (circa 1650). PLATE VIII. SIR WILLIAM TWYSDEN, 5th Bart. of Roydon !JANE TVVISDEN, Lady Twysden (circa 1720 probably Michael Dahl). (circa 1720 probably Michael Dahl). PLATE IX. LIEUT.-COLONEL THOMAS TWYSDEN ISABELLA TWISDEN (A. Carpentier, dated 1739). (c. 1730, probably Jeremiah Davison). PLATE X. SIR THOMAS TWISDEN, 1st Bart. of Bradbourrie COLONEL MATHEW THOMLINSON (circa 1670). (circa 1650). PLATE XI. SIR THOMAS TWISDEN, 3rd Bart. of Bradbourne SIR ROGER TWISDEN, 5th Bart. of Bradbourne (Mary Beale, dated 1682). (J. P. Sauvage, dated 1762). PLATE XII. SIR JOHN PAPILLON 'rWISDEN, Called ELIZABETH GEARY, Lady Twisden de facto, 6th Bart. of Bradbourne (Miniature 1841 by Amy R. Twisden, copied from original of (Miniature 1841 by Amy R. Twisden, copied from original c. 1790). c. 1795). PLATE XIII. CAPTAIN JOHN TWISDEN, R.N., de jure 6th Bart. of Bradbourne THOMAS EDWARD TWISDEN, F.S.A. (Rev. J. Eagles circa 1830). (A.C. Ercoli, 1865). PLATE XIV. THE REV. SIR JOHN FRANCIS TWISDEN, SIR JOHN RAMSKILL TWISDEN. 11th Bart. of Bradbourne 12th Bart. of Bradbourne (Miss Janet Brennand). (Miss Janet Brennand 1925), THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 47 another well known Kent family. He was one of the Commissioners appointed to confiscate the land of the Recusants. Sir Thomas Twisden, 3rd Bart. (Plate XI), who married Anne Musters, an heiress, largely rebuilt the house, in the style of Sir Christopher Wren, in 1714, especially the West Front. Their eldest son, Sir Thomas Twisden, 4th Bart., spent most of his time travelling abroad, and is supposed to have collected some of the Dutch and German stained glass about 1729. He came to a violent end at Grenada,eloping with a nun. The younger son, Sir Roger Twisden, 5th Bart. (Plate XI), was country gentleman first and last. He lived extravagantly, courted the heiress of Addington Park, Elizabeth Bartholomew, in a coach and four, and added to the amenities of the park. In his curious will (which tried to exclude his second son, Lieutenant William Twisden, because he had made a marriage, unapproved and unrecognized by the family, with Mary Kirk, who had nursed him back to health) he laid the foundations of a family dispute which brought about the dissolution of the Bradbourne Estate. His eldest son, Sir Roger Twisden, duly succeeded as 6th Bart., and was the decorator of the house, making many internal and external alterations. He left only a daughter, Rebecca, who married Thomas Law Hodges, of whom more later. Sir Roger was not on speaking terms with his disinherited brother, and on one occasion they fought with swords all down Mailing High Street. In due course, the youngest brother, John Papillon Twisden (Plate XII), who to his intimates subsequently confessed that he was a " usurper ", wrongfully succeeded as 7th Bart. He was always in pecuniary difficulties and it was during his time that Clare Park had to be sold off from the estate. He travelled in Italy and is said to have brought back the marble mantlepieces. By his wife, Elizabeth Geary (Plate XII), he had one son, John, who was weakly and simple. He succeeded as Sir John, Twisden, 8th Bart., but had no issue. His wife's father, the Rev. William Coppard, tried to establish himself at Brad- bourne but.Sir John defeated these attempts. At his death the title fell into abeyance and the future of the estate came into dispute. Though it was generally recognized that Captain John Twisden (Plate XIII), son of the disinherited William, was the legitimate heir to the title and should have been de jure 7th Bart., instead of Sir John Papillon Twisden, he never consistently laid claim to it. Thomas Law Hodges, however, pressed the claims of his wife, Rebecca, to possession of the estate under the will of Roger, 5th Bart., their common grandfather. At one period the rival claimants, Captain John Twisden and his family and the Law Hodges, occupied different apartments in Bradbourne at the same time, meeting only for meals in the Great Hall. After dramatic plots and interminable legal enquiries, the estate was divided up. Captain John Twisden retained Bradbourne with

7 48 THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN the immediately surrounding gardens and shrubberies, while the park and even the lake were assigned to Rebecca Law Hodges, together with the furniture and pictures. Captain John Twisden's eldest son (John Francis) and grandson (John Kerr) earned their livings in India and, except as exiles, had little connection with Bradbourne, though the latter was actually de jure 8th Bart. For the second time in the history of the Twisdens, a younger son earned the displeasure of his father through an unwelcome marriage, and Captain John, perhaps with more justice, treated his second son, William, as his own father, Lieut. William, had been treated by his grandfather Sir Roger. So this second William was never invited to Bradbourne and died young in comparative poverty, leaving two sons, William Twisden (d.j. 9th Bart.), blind and unstable—who in turn had a sickly son (Roger John Twisden, d.j. 10th Bart.) having no descendants—and a second son, John Francis Twisden (Plate XIV), in whom the title was ultimately revived in 1909. Meanwhile CaptainJohn, who was an engineer of the South Western Canal, and had accumulated a small property in Devon, sold up these belongings and migrated with his wife and surviving daughters to Bradbourne. His youngest son, Thomas Edward Twisden (Plate XIII), was making good as a solicitor in London. It became the family necessity to manage the house and grounds with their own hands, the duties being apportioned amongst the daughters. When Captain John and his wife (Ann Hammond) died, the daughters formed a "republic," each taking monthly turns to rule the establishment. The picture of this household and the labours of these ageing spinsters once again bears witness to the spell which Bradbourne casts over those who know it. Their brother, Thomas Edward Twisden, who had become a prosperous solicitor to the Great. Western and other Railways, helped this household financially and gradually sought out, purchased and restored to Bradbourne, many of the family portraits. It was a triumphant day, too, when he was able to buy back the Park from the now impecunious Law Hodges. Just when Thomas Edward was hoping to reap a well-earned retirement with his Sisters, his partner was found to have defaulted, and he had to spend the rest of his life trying to make good the irregular transactions of the latter. Apart from his collections and reminiscences, he had nothing to bequeath to his great nephew and apprentice in the firm, the young John Ramekin Twisden (Plate XIV), but a legacy of these troubles in his solicitor's business. Of the five old ladies, Elizabeth, Anne, Charlotte and Mary died off one by one. Emily Henrietta survived to the great age of 94 and was ultimately joined (1888) by her nephew. and heir, the Rev. John Francis Twisden, already a widower with an only son. Emily's survival proved important to the family as she was the instrument through which this THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 49 branch of the Twisdens revived the title on the plea of her father's legitimacy. The case was a cause célèbre when in 1909, through Emily, the young John Ramskill Twisden fought to clear the family's position. His father, the Rev. John Francis, a mathematical scholar and lecturer, reluctantly resumed the title as 11th Baronet of Bradbourne, but his son, Sir John Ramskill Twisden, 12th Bart., though devoted to Brad- bourne and the family traditions, was burdened with the routine of a family solicitor and never married. The title finally lapsed with his death in November, 1937.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PORTRAITS AT BRADBOURNE. The portraits are hung in the GREAT HATx„ in the DRAWING Room, and On the GRAND STAIRCASE. The capital letters and numbers refer to the present place and order in which the pictures are hung. H signifies Great Hall. Ilm „ Miniatures in Great Hall. Drawing Room. „ Grand Staircase. The framed miniatures are catalogued separately (see pages 59-63). The figures in brackets are the reference numbers given in Sir John Ramskill Twisden's manuscript catalogue (1912) and, in most cases, are still visible on the frames. Twenty-four of the portraits are reproduced here on Plates III-XIV. An indication is given in the text of each of those which has been chosen for reproduction by placing the Plate number directly after the name and dates of the subject of the portrait. On the Plates will be found the name of the subject, and below, in brackets, any known details of the date of the painting and the name of the artist. Acknowledgements are due to the National Portrait Gallery for permission to reproduce a number of the plates from negatives in its possession and to Mr. C. K. Adams for his advice and help which included giving approximate dates for the undated portraits.

IN THE GREAT HALL ON EAST WATT, (OPPOSITE END FROM WINDOWS) 111 (210). Elizabeth Roydon. 1523-1595. Plate III, Portrait, in black dress with hood and white ruff and cuffs. Dated 1587. (36" x 29".) Artist: Unknown. Daughter of Thomas Roydon of East Peckham, Kent. Married: 1st, William Twysden of Wye, 1539; 2nd, Cuthbert Vaughan, 1550; 3rd, Sir Thomas Golding of Halstead, 1564. 50 TIM FAMILY OF TWYSD,EN AND TWISDEN She acquired the Roydon Estates and other properties, and, through her son, Roger (113), succeeded in her determination to establish the Twysdens as heirs of Roydon. Her daughter, Margaret, born 1545, married Richard Dering of Pluckley, Kent.

112 (215). Margaret Twysden. 1564-1630. Portrait, in black dress with puffed and slashed sleeves, with elaborate white collar and ruffles, and holding fan. Date: Unknown. (29" x 24".) Artist: possibly Gilbert Jackson. Daughter of Roger Twysden (113), grand-daughter of Elizabeth Roydon (El). Married: Henry Fane, Esq., of Fairlawn, Kent. Their grandson, Sir Harry Vane, the younger, was the prominent Cavalier.

113 (211). Roger Twysden. 1542-1603. Plate III. Portrait, in black with white ruff. The crest, a cockatrice, and the Arms of Twysden—quartering Roydon—with the motto Previsa pereunt mala are depicted in top left corner. Circa 1587. (44i" x 32".) Artist: Unknown. Son of Elizabeth Roydon (H1) and William Twysden of Wye and Chelmington, who nufxried in 1539. Married: Anne Wiat, daughter of Sir Thomas Wiat, the younger, of Allington Castle, Kent, 1562. He consolidated the estates and the position of the family, and was Sheriff of Kent, 1599. He lived at Roydon Hall, East Peckham, Kent, and was succeeded by his son, William (114).

114 (263). Sir William Twysden, 1st Baronet of Roydon Hall. 1566- 1629. Plate V. Portrait, in black doublet and gown, with ruff, cuffs and sword belt, and holding a walking stick. Dated 1629. (291" x 23t".) Artist: Unknown. Son of Roger Twysden (113) and Anne Wiat (D9). Married: Anne Finch (115), daughter of Sir Moyle Finch, let Bart. of Eastwell, Kent (Hml) by Elizabeth, 1st Countess of Winohelsea (11c). He was a Member of Parliament and at the Court of Queen Elizabeth. He took part, with Essex, Howard and Ralegh, in an expedition to intercept the Spanish West Indian Fleet, 1596-7. 1.111, FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 51

He hastened to welcome James I and took part in his coronation. He was knighted 1603, and made 1st Twysden Baronet 1611. He was prominent both at the Royal Court and in the affairs of the County, and had an accomplished family of sons and daughters.

H5 (214). Lady Anne Twysden. 1574-1638. Plate V. Portrait in a richly embroidered white silk dress, with black and white brocade scarf over left shoulder, pearl ear-rings and necklace, and jewelled locket. Circa 1615. (22" x 17iff.) Artist: Unknown. Daughter of Sir Moyle Finch, Bart., of Eastwell (Hml) and his wife Elizabeth Heneage, afterwards 1st Countess of Winchelsea (Hc). Married: Sir William Twysden, 1st Bart. of Roydon, 1591. Brought up at the Court of Queen Elizabeth, she lived up to her position as a great lady. She had five sons and two daughters.

SOUTH WALL (CONTAINING FIREPLACE) STARTING S.E. CORNER. H6 (218). Sir Roger Twysden, 2nd Bart. of Roydon Hall. 1597-1672. Portrait, in black coat with white falling ruff and cuffs, with laced edgings. Circa 1625. (27" x 21r.) Artist: Unknown. Eldest son of Sir William and Lady Anne Twysden (H4 and 115). Married Isabella Saunder (117), daughter of Sir Nicholas Saunder of Ewell, Surrey, 1634. "One of the soundest constitutional writers of his day, and as an Antiquarian and Divine equalled by few of his contemporaries," wrote Biondi in an autograph letter found among the MSS. at Roydon. He managed the estates with great care and success until they were sequestered by the Roundheads, who confined him in prison for several years because of his loyalty to the King and Constitution. After a heavy fine was paid, he retired and tried to put his mis- managed estate in order. He was author of Certayne Considerations upon the Government of , An Historicall Vindication of the , Historice• Anglicance Scriptores Decent, and many other works.

117 (219). Isabella Saunder, Lady Twysden. 1604-1656. Plate vt. Portrait, in brown dress with collar, pearl necklace and ear-rings. Circa 1645. (28i" X 25".) Artist: Unknown. Daughter of Sir Nicholas Saunder of Ewell, Surrey, and "Lady in Waiting" to Lady Anne Twysden (H5). 52 THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN Married: Sir Roger Twysden, 2nd Bart. of Roydon, 1634. She worked unceasingly, under great difficulties, to obtain her husband's release from prison and the restoration of the estate, even petitioning Parliament in person. Her husband in his Journal wrote that . . . she had been the salvation of his estate, yet was she a tender and delicate woman of great piety, and exemplary patience and humility." Her diary was published in Archceologia Cantiana, LI, 113.

118 (222). Anne Twysden, Lady Yelverton. 1602-3-1670. Portrait, in flowered silk dress, with red scarf, double necklace and pearl ear-rings. Circa 1615. (23" x 17r.) Artist: Unknown. Second daughter of Sir William Twysden, 1st. Bart. Married: Sir Christopher Yelverton of Easton Maudit, Northants. 1630. He was "an astute and careful man" and a member of the . He was instrumental in persuading Sir Roger Twysden, his brother-in-law, to make his submission. The Twysdens and Yelvertons frequently interchanged visits.

119 (221). Called' Elizabeth Twysden, Lady Cholmley. 1600-1655. . Plate VII. Portrait, in plain white chemise, and pales pink scarf, fastened to arm by string of pearls. Circa 1685. (29t" X 24-r.) Artist: Unknown. Eldest daughter of Sir William and Lady Anne Twysden. Married: Sir Hugh Cholmley, of Whitby, York, 1622. Her husband played a prominent part in the troubles of his times, was a member of the Long Parliament, a Commissioner of the Northern Counties and Governor of Scarborough Castle. Subsequently disapproved of the extreme measures of Parliament and went over to the King, 1641. Although Elizabeth deplored this step, she joined him before the famous siege of Scarborough Castle in 1644. She bravely bore the five months' privation and then took refuge in France with all her family. She returned alone to reclaim the Whitby estates for her husband, who was imprisoned for a time in Leeds Castle, near Maidstone, in 1651 with his brother-in-law, Sir Roger. 1 It appears, from the date attributed to the painting, that it is probably wrongly named. THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 53

Husband and wife were both buried in St. Michaels, East Peckham, Kent.

1110 (220). John Twysden, M.D. 1607-1688. Plate VII. Portrait, in black coat with plain white falling collar tied by white string with tassels. Circa 1650. (30" x Artist: Unknown. Fourth son of Sir William and Lady Anne Twysden. Unmarried. Educated at Oxford, and took M.D. at University of Angers. "A learned and scientific man who acquired great pro- ficiency in astronomy as well as medicine." He published a defence of the College of Physicians, a "Disquisition touching the Sybills and Sybilline writings," treatises on mathematics, the construction of dials, astronomy, and military architecture. He spent much time at Roydon and later with the Yelvertons. He finally retired to Westminster and is buried in St. Margaret's.

1111(261). Sir Roger Twysden, 2nd Baronet of Roydon. Plate VI. Portrait, in black coat with linen collar, tied by four strings, white cuffs, holding leather gloves. Twysden crest and coat of arms in top right corner. Dated 1648. (31" x 25".) Artist: Unknown. For notes on life, see No. 116.

1112 (264). Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet of Bradbourne. 1601-1682. Plate X. Portrait, in Judge's red robes and black cap, holding a charter. Circa 1670. (50" x 40".) Artist: Unknown. Second son of Sir William and Lady Anne Twysden of Roydon, and younger brother of Sir Roger. Married: Jane Thomlinson, daughter of John Thomlinson of Whitby, and "Lady-in-Waiting " to Lady Anne, 1639. Educated at Cambridge and Inner Temple, and had a distinguished career as lawyer and judge. Held posts under Cromwell and after the Restoration. Was sometime Recorder of Maidstone and M.P. for his County town in the Convention Parliament. He was Judge of High Court and Knighted by the King, 1660, Baronet 1666. He was one of the three Judges before whom the Regicides were tried and one of the assessors after the Great Fire of London. He also tried John Bunyan. 54 TEM FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN

He bought and imparked Bradbourne about 1650 and founded the younger branch of the Twisden Baronets. He was succeeded by his son, Roger Twisden.

SMALL PORTRAITS OVER ILREPLACE. Ha (213). Sir William Twysden, 1st Bart. of Roydon. Portrait, in white shirt with wide lace collar and embroidery and white cloak. Date: Unknown. (12" x 10".) Copy by H. L. Smith from miniature. For notes on life, see H4.

Hb (243). Sir Nicholas Poyntz, Knight. 1510-1557. Portrait, in black velvet coat and gold chain, black cap with jewels and feathers. Date: Unknown. (13" x 10i".) Artist: School of Holbein. Father of Anne Poyntz, q.v., and grandfather of Elizabeth, 1st Countess of Winchelsea (q.v., He).

He (212). Elizabeth, 1st Countess of Winchelsea. 1574-1633. Portrait, in white lace dress, with pearl collar, and ear-rings. Date: Unknown. (12" x 10".) Artist : Copy by H. L. Smith from miniature. Daughter of Sir Thomas Ileneage. Married: Sir Moyle Finch, 1st Bart. of Eastwell, q.v. She was mother of Anne Finch, q.v. Surviving her husband, King James created her Viscountess Maidstone, and King Charles, Countess of Winchelsea "to her and her heirs."

1113 (267). Sir Thomas Twisden, 3rd Baronet of Bradboume. 1668- 1728. Plate XI. Portrait, in loose red silk coat, showing shirt. Dated 1682. (21" X 1.8".) Artist: Mary Beale. (Signed.) Son of Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Bart. of 13radboume, and Margaret Marsham of Cuxton, Kent. Married: Anne Musters, grand-daughter of Sir John Musters, Lord Mayor of London, 1701, He was Knight of Shire in Parliament, He continued to consolidate the estate as his father had done and rebuilt the house, especially THE FAN= OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 55 altering the West Front. The initials and date " T.A.T.1713 " found on the lead of the rain-water pipes testify to this. He was succeeded by his son, Sir Thomas, 4th Bart., a traveller and collector, who met a violent end in Spain (v. Introduction, p. 47).

1114 (223). Colonel Mathew Thomlinson. 1617-1681. Plate X. Portrait, in armour with plain linen collar. Circa 1650. (25i" x 22".) Artist: Unknown. Son of John Thomlinson, Esq., of Whitby, and brother-in-law of Judge Twisden. Colonel of Horse in Parliamentary Army. He was daily in charge of King Charles I at Westminster and escorted him to the scaffold. In recognition of his courtesy, the King presented him with his gold toothpick and the George and Riband which later were returned to the new King. Nevertheless he was in peril after the Restoration, and he had to spend the rest of his life at Bradbourne under the surveillance of the Judge.

H15 (265). Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Bart. of Bradbourne. Portrait, in Judge's red robes, with linen collar and black cap. Circa 1670. (30" x 25".) Artist: after Joseph Michael Wright. The original, a whole length, is in the Guildhall, London. For notes on life, see No. 1112.

1116 (268). Anne Musters. -1729. Portrait, in loose red dress lined with pink. Circa 1715. (49i" x 40".) Artist: possibly M. Dahl. Daughter of John Musters, Colwiek Hall, Nottingham. Married: Sir Thomas Twisden, 3rd Bart. of Bradbourne, 1701. Her dowry greatly assisted in the consolidation and rebuilding of Bradbourne. She was mother of both 4th and 5th Baronets.

1117 (227). Isabella Twisden. 1689-1764. Plate IX. Portrait, in brown dress with bows and full sleeves with lace ruffles. Circa 1730. (28" X 25".) Artist: probably Jeremiah Davison. Daughter of Francis Twisden, youngest son of Judge Twisden. Her sister, Jane, married the 5th Bart. of Roydon. 56 THE FAMILY OF TWYSDBN AND TWISDEN

She never married, but was very sociable and a great letter writer. Twelve of her letters were published in Archceologia Cantiana, V, 88, and are much quoted.

NORTH WALL (OPPOSITE FIREPLACE) STARTING OVER DOOR IN N.W. CORNER. 1118 (231). Elizabeth Twysden. 1715-1798. Portrait, in white satin dress with full sleeves, and velvet cloak. Dated 1740. (28" x 25".) Artist: probably Thomas Hudson. (Signed " — son pinxit.") Daughter of Sir William and Lady Jane Twysden, 5th Bart. of Roydon Hall. A letter addressed to her by her aunt, Isabella Twisden (1117), was used as the latter's will.

1119 (269). Sir Roger Twisden, 5th Bart. of Brad.bourne. 1705-1772. Plate XI. Portrait, in scarlet coat and waistcoat embroidered gold, with signet ring. Dated 1761. (39" x 35".) Artist: J. P. Sauvage. (Signed.)

Second son of Sir Thomas and Lady Anne, 3rd Bart. of Bradbom•ne ; succeeded his brother (1737). Married: Elizabeth Bartholomew (née Watton), heiress of Addington Park, near Maidstone. Although in the Army and in Parliament under George II, he was a country gentleman first and last, keeping his own hounds and adding to the amenities of the Park. His curious will which tried to bar hia second son, Lieutenant William Twisden, from the inheritance, because of an unapproved and unrecognized marriage with Mary "Kirk, laid the foundations of a family dispute which brought about the dissolution of the Bradbourne estate.

The initials " R.E.1746 " on the lead waterpipes on the South front of the house are those of Sir Roger and his wife.

1120 (225). Sir William Twysden, 5th Bart. of Roydon.. 1677-1751. Plate VIII. Portrait, in blue coat open and showing -white shirt, hand on sword hilt. • Circa 1720. (40i" x 40".) Artist: attributed to Michael Dahl. This FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISD333N 57 Third son of Sir William and Lady Frances Twysden, 3rd Bart. Married: Jane Twisden, his cousin. He succeeded his spendthrift brother, Sir Thomas Twysden, 4th Bart., and tried to redeem the family fortunes. He sold the Roydon library and was a farmer at heart. He was father of Philip, Bishop of Raphoe, who is reputed to have died as a highwayman (v. Introduction, p. 46), and the grandfather of Lady Jersey, a Court beauty and a favourite of George IV. Another son, Thomas, whose portrait hangs in the Drawing Room, became a Lieutenant Colonel in the Life Guards and escorted Lord Lovat to the scaffold after the rebellion of '45.

1121 (226). Jane Twisden, Lady Twysden. -1756. Plate VIII. Portrait, in loose red velvet dress, lined with white, holding out hand to green parrot. Circa 1720. (49i" x 40".) Artist: probably Michael Dahl. Daughter of Francis Twisden, youngest son of the Judge. Married her cousin, Sir William Twysden, 5th Bart. of Roydon, q.v.

H22 (270). Called' Sir Roger Twisden, 6th Bart. of Bradbourne, 1737-1779. Portrait, as a boy with brown hound, on lead, wearing bluish grey coat with open shirt. Circa 1710. (30" x 25".) Artist: Unknown. Son of Sir Roger and Lady Elizabeth Twisden, 5th Bart., born at Addington Place, near Maidstone. Married: Rebecca Wildash, daughter of Isaac Wildash of Chatham, 1779. He did much to redecorate the interior of Bradbourne in the style of the Adam Brothers, and his initials and date "Sir R.T. 1774" are engraved in stone over the drawing room bow window. He succeeded the 5th Bart. and sided with his father against his disinherited brother, William, with whom he was on bad terms. His only child, Rebecca, married Thomas Law Hodges of Hempstead Place, Benenden, Kent, who pressed. her rival claims to the Bradbourne estate.

1123 (229). Sir William Twysden, 6th Bart. of Roydon. 1707-1767. Portrait, in blue velvet coat and. red waistcoat, trimmed with gold lace. 1 It appears, from the date attributed to the painting, that it must be wrongly named. 58 TIM FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TW1SDEN

Dated 1739. (30" x 25".) Artist: A. Carpentiers. (Signed at back.) Son of Sir William and Lady Jane Twysden, 5th Bart. Married: Mary Jarvis, daughter of George Jarvis of Thames Ditton. He held a commission in the Army and cultivated extravagant society. He mortgaged and sold large portions of the estate to maintain his expenditure and died when his heir, William Jarvis, q.v., was only 7 years old.

1324 (262). Sir William Jarvis Twysden, 7th Bart. of Roydon. 1762- 1834. Portrait, in blue coat with white waistcoat and red under vest. High collar and neckcloth, grey breeches. Watch chain with gold seal. 1826. (36" X 28".) Artist: Rev. E. T. Greeaz. Son of Sir William and Lady Mary Twysden. Married: Francies Wynch, daughter of Alexander Wynch of Harley Street. He eloped with her to Gretna Green when Francies was only 15 and had to flee from his creditors to France immediately afterwards. He, with his sons, dissipated the remnants of the Roydon estates, though one, Francis, earned an honest hying as a railway porter at Ashford, Kent.

1125 (234). Thomas Edward Twisden, F.S.A. 1818-1887. Plate XIII. Portrait, in black suit, with large white shirt front, with brown cape. 1865. (49r X 39r.) Artist: Abide Carlo Ereoli. Fourth son of Captain John Twisden, R.N., who was by right the 7th Baronet of Bradbourne, through the disinherited Lieutenant William. His mother was Anne Hammond. He never married, was trained as a solicitor and became senior partner in a prosperous firm working largely for the Railway Companies. After his father and five sisters were reinstated at Bradbourne, he not only assisted the household financially but bought back the Park from Thomas Law Hodges and re-collected most of the Roydon and Brad- bourne portraits between 1859-72. Just when he was hoping to rejoin his sisters, who ran Bradbourne as "a republic ", doing everything indoors and in the gardens them- selves, his partner defaulted and the rest of his life was spent trying to rectify the wrongs. THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 59

H26 (235). The Rev. Sir John Francis Twisden, M.A., 11th Bart. of Bradbourne. 1826-1914. Plate XIV. Portrait, in black coat and necktie, showing shirt front. Date: Unknown. (21" x 17".) Artist : Miss Janet Brennand. Son of William Twisden and Martha Billet, and grandson of Captain John Twisden. Married: Catherine Ramskill of Lofthouse Hall, Bothwell, Yorks, 1855. He spent much time at Bradbourne from 1842 onwards and trained as a mathematician. He was a lecturer at the Royal Military College and took Holy Orders 1852. He published text books on mechanics. He was invited to go and live at Bradbourne by his last surviving aunt, Emily, in 1888. The Bradbourne baronetcy had fallen into abeyance with the death of" Sir John" d.f. 8th Bart. in 1841. The son of Sir Francis persuaded him to claim the title to prove the legitimacy of his family. This was achieved in a cause célèbre in 1909.

H27 (274). Sir John Ramskill Twisden, 12th Bart. of Bradbourne, 1856-1937. Plate XIV. Portrait, in dark blue coat and grey necktie, with high collar. Date: 1925. Artist: Miss Janet Brennand. Only son of Rev. Sir John Francis and Catherine Twisden, 11th Baronet. He never married, and was looked after by his sister, Catherine Martha, until 1929, and subsequently by other relatives. He was apprenticed to Thomas Edward Twisden in 1882 and succeeded him in 1887. He practised until 1917, and then retired to Bradbourne owing to increasing blindness and ill health. He occupied his later years in preparing a history of The Family of Twysden and Twisden, for the publication of which he provided in his will. With his death the baronetcy became extinct.

MINIATURES IN GREAT HALL. SOUTH WEST CORNER, NEAR WINDOW. Hml (247). Sir Moyle Finch, let Bart. of Eastwell, Kent. Portrait, in black with lace collar and cuffs, left hand on sword, parchment in right. Date: Unknown. (7i" x 6".) On paper in water colour. Copy by W. E. Brennand. Married Elizabeth ileneage, and was father of Anne Finch, let Lady Twysden. Created Baronet 1611, and was the first Kentish Baronet. 60 THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN

Hm2 (246). Anne Poyntz, Lady Heneage. Portrait, in white linen underdress with ruff and full sleeves with cuff—black cap, holding book and embroidery. Date: Unknown. (71" x 51".) On paper in water-colour. Copy by W. E. Brennand. Daughter of Sir Nicholas Poyntz. Married: Sir , Vice-Chamberlain and Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster under Queen Elizabeth. Mother of Elizabeth, 1st Countess of Winchelsea and grandmother to Lady Anne Twysden (née Finch).

NORTH WEST CORNER, NEAR WINDOW. Hm3 (254). Mary Kirk. 1744-1771. Portrait, in low green dress with blue trimmings and red cloak— roses in hair and at breast. Date: Unknown. (4t" x 31".) In oil on copper. Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Kirk. Kirk was a master gunner and perished on H.M.S. Prince George. Mrs. Kirk kept lodgings at Gosport. Married about 1764 Lieutenant William Twisden, R.N., after nursing him through illness. He was disinherited as a result. Mary, during her short married life, earned the reputation of being an excellent mother and thrifty, patient wife.

Hm4 (232). Captain John Twisden, R.N. 1767-1853. Plate XIII. Portrait, in dark brown coat and white waistcoat, stock and collar. Circa 1830. (6f" x 5/".) In oil on millboard by Bev. John Eagles. Son of Lieutenant William Twisden, R.N., and Mary Kirk. He was de jure 7th Bart. of Bradboume, but he never claimed the title which was usurped by his uncle " Sir " John Papillon Twisden (11m5 (i)) who inherited the estate. Captain John, who was engineer to the S.W. Canal, married Ann Hammond (Hm5 (vi)) and accumulated a small estate in Devon. On the death of " Sir " John, de facto 8th Bart., Captain John inherited a portion of the estate—a claim opposed by Thomas Law Hodges on behalf of his wife Rebecca, John's cousin. Eventually Captain John established his claim and brought his family to live at Bradbourne (1839), thus restoring the rightful line.

MINIATURES IN FRAME ON LEFT OF ENTRANCE 'owl. TOP, LEFT TO RIGHT. 11M5 (i) (256). Sir John Papillon Twisden. 1742-1810. Plate XII. In dark blue velvet coat, white waistcoat and stock. In water- colour, on thick paper. THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 61

Copy 1841 from original of circa 1795. (3r X 2r.) Artist: Amy B. Twisden. Youngest child of Roger Twisden, 5th Bart. of Bradbourne. Married: Elizabeth Geary, daughter of Admiral Sir Francis Geary, Bart. He inherited the property of his godfather, Philip Papillon, and then he succeeded his brother Roger, 6th Bart., as tenant for life of the Bradbourne estate, since Roger had only a daughter, Rebecca, born posthumously. He also assumed the title which should have gone to John Twisden, the young son of Lieutenant William, his disinherited elder brother. " Sir " John Papillon educated his young nephew and got him into the Navy, and tried to make amends by settling the estate on him. He lived as a country gentleman but enjoyed travel and is said to have sent the marble mantlepieces from Italy. The necessity for finding his niece, Rebecca's begrudged portion, and the scale on which he lived, got him into difficulties and he was obliged to sell portions of the estate. His only son, John, who was deficient, succeeded him as 8th Bart., and was the centre of much intrigue. Fortunately he left no issue and he died 1841.

(ii) (257). Called Elizabeth Geary, Lady Twisden. c. 1764-1815. Plate XII. In white dress and powdered wig. Copy 1841 from original of circa 1790/5. (3r x 2r.) Artist: Amy R. Twisden. Daughter of Admiral Sir Francis Geary, Bart., and wife of Sir John Papillon Twisden. She retired to the Court Lodge after her husband's death.

(iii) (273). Captain Sohn Twisden, R.N. In grey coat, black waistcoat and white stock, as a very old man. After a daguerrotype. (4" x 3".) Artist: Miss M. M. Twisden. For notes on life, see Miniature No. 11m4.

(iv) (255). Sir John Papillon Twisden. In dark blue velvet coat, white waistcoat and stock. In water-colour on Ivory. (31" x 2r.) Artist: Unknown. For notes on life, see Hm5 (i). 62 1.a.u, FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND 1WISDEN

(v) (271). Captain John Twisden, R.N. In black coat, white waistcoat, shirt and cravat. Hair in knot Or queu. In water-colour on ivory. (3" x 2r.) Artist: Unknown. See notes on Hm4.

(vi) (272). Anne Hammond, wife of Captain John Twisden, R.N. In black dress with white under garment and ruff. White cap and strings. In water-colour on ivory. (3" x 2r.) Artist: Unknown. Married to Captain John, 1791, and had 13 children, amongst whom were William, Thomas Edward and the five spinster daughters. She was frugal, shrewd and well qualified for business.

MINIATURES IN FRAME ON RIGHT OF ENTRANCE DOOR. TOP, LEFT TO RIGHT. Hm6 (i) (252). Sir Thomas Twysden, 4th Bart. of Roydon. 1676-1712. In bright blue coat, lined with red and gold embroidery, white shirt and cravat. Water-colour on ivory 1712 ? (2r x 2".) Artist: Unknown. Son of Sir William, 3rd Bart. Married: Catherine, daughter of Sir Francis Withens who was associated with Judge Jefferys. He took little interest in public affairs. Though he sold off much of the estate, he left it seriously encumbered with debt.

(ii) (250) and (iii) (251). In one frame. (ii) Elizabeth, 1st Countess of Winehelsea. In white dress, trimmed with lace, pearl collar and ear-rings. In oil on copper or silver. (2f" x 11".) Artist: Unknown. For notes on life, see Ho. on page 54.

(iii) Lady Anne Twysden, wife of Sir W. Twysden, 1st Bart. of Roydon. In white dress, trimmed with lace, pearl ear-rings, necklace and pendant. In oil on copper or silver. (2r X 1r.) Artist: Unknown. For notes on life, see 115. THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 63

(iv) (259). A Lady of the Twysden family, In white dress with bunch of roses at breast, a yellow scarf, black cap and jewels. In water-colour on ivory. (1.1" x li".) Artist: Unknown.

BOTTOM, LEFT TO RIGHT. (v) (258). A Lady of the Twysden family. In green dress and white lace, with dove coloured jacket, grey cap with green border and strings. String of pearls. In water-colour on ivory. (2" x li".) Artist: Unknown.

(vi) (253). Isabella Twisden. In white dress with lace and blue ribbons, blue veil on head. In water-colour on ivory. (4" x li".) Artist: Unknown. 1809 (?). For notes on life, see 1117.

(vii) (248) and (viii) (249). In one frame. (vii) Sir William Twysden, 1st Bart. of Roydon. (viii) Lady Anne Twysden, his wife. Sir William in white shirt, wide lace collar and white cloak. Lady Anne in white dress trimmed with lace, pearl ear-rings and necklace with pendant. In oil on copper or silver. (2" x lr.) Artist: Unknown.

MINIATURES IN GLASS CASE. Hm7. Fourteen portraits of members of the Twysden family and two views of Bradbourne House by C. F. and A. Twi8den, in carved gilt case forming box and lid.

PORTRAITS IN THE DRAWING ROOM, ON LEFT OF MANTLEPIEOE (FACING). Dl (216). Sir Heneage Finch, Knight. 1580-1631. Plate IV. Portrait, in the scarlet gown of a Sergeant-at-law with coif and falling ruff. Circa 1625. (26" x 24".) Artist: School of Daniel Illyttens. Son of Sir Moyle Finch and Elizabeth Heneage, afterwards 1st Countess of Winohelsea. Brother of Anne Finch and so brother-in-law

8 64 THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN

of Sir William Twysden, 1st Bart 1611. Member of Parliament for Rye, Sussex, and was Speaker in 1626. The portrait was purchased by mistake for Judge Twisden, in 1860.

D2 (228). Called Lady Anne Montague. 163 -1720. Portrait, in blue dress and brown scarf, with pearl and yellow stone necklace, ear-rings and wristlets. Circa 1630. (36" x 28".) Artist: Unknown. Daughter of the Earl of Manchester by Anne, daughter of Sir Christopher Yelverton and Lady Anne (née Twysden). Married: James, third Earl of Suffolk as his third wife.

ON RIGHT OF MANTLEFIECE. D3 (230). Thomas Twysden, Lieutenant Colonel, 1st Life Guards. 1710-1784. Plate IX. Portrait, in scarlet cloak and waistcoat, trimmed with gold lace, white cravat. Dated 1739. (30" x 25".) Artist: A.Carpentiers. (Signed at back.) Second son of Sir William Twysden, 5th Bart., and Lady Jane. Unmarried. Colonel in 1st troop of Life Guards. Was one of the chief officers on duty when, after the rebellion of '45, he escorted Lord Lovat to the scaffold. He wrote many stories of the rebellion and of the coolness of Lovat. He died. at Pavillion, Mereworth.

D4 (236). A Child of the Twysden Family. In loose blue robe with white under-garment, feeding lamb with flowers. Circa 1700. (30" x 24r.) Artist: Unknown.

ON RIGHT FACING BAY WINDOW. D5 (238). Sir Henry Wiat. -1537. Portrait, in loose black robe with fur collar, close fitting black cap. Gold chain and crucifix, ring and scroll. In top left Wiat Coat of Arms. Date: Unknown. (16" X 13" on wood). Modern copy by Herbert L. Smith. Supporter and favourite of Henry VII, and enriched by him and Henry VIII. Knight, purchaser and restorer of Allington. Castle, Maidstone. Great-grandfather of Anne Wiat, wife of Roger Twysden of Roydon. THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 65

D6 (239). Sir Thomas Wiat, the elder. Portrait, in black coat with ermine collar, lined red, black cap. Date: Unknown. (16" x 12r) Artist: Unknown. For notes on life, see D7.

D7 (240). Sir Thomas Wiat, Knight—the elder. 1503-1542. Portrait, in white shirt with turned-down collar, red robe embroidered with gold, lined with white fur, black cloak with gold ornaments. Date: Unknown. (16" x 13" on wood.) Modern copy by Herbert L. Smith. Son of Sir Henry Wiat of Allington, scholar, linguist, minor poet and introducer of sonnets and blank verse, with Surrey and others. Friend of Thomas Cromwell. Was visited at Allington by Kings Henry VII and VIII, Anne Boleyn, Catherine Parr and Cardinal Wolsey. Father of Sir T. Wiat, the younger. He was Sheriff of Kent and Ambassador to Emperor Charles V, 1538-40. Imprisoned and tripd but acquitted and retired to Allington.

ON LEFT FACING BAY WINDOW. D8 (242). Sir Thomas Wiat, Knight, the younger. 1521-1554. Plate IV. Portrait in red robe edged with fur and white open shirt. Date: Unknown. (15r x 13".) Modern copy by Herbert L. Smith. Son of Sir Thomas Wiat, the elder, and Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Cobham. He was the unwilling leader of the abortive Kent rebellion to dethrone Queen Mary and to marry her sister Elizabeth to Courtenay. He marched to Ludgate but his followers deserted and he was captured and beheaded 1554, and his estates confiscated. He was the father of Ann Wiat, wife of Roger Twysden.

D9 (245). Ann Twysden. 1542-1592. Portrait, in low dress with dark brown cloak, white ruff and cuffs, with jewel hanging from black ribbon. Cap edged with pearls and hood. Miniature water-colour (7i" x 6"). Modern copy by W. E. Brennancl. Daughter of Sir Thomas Wiat, the younger. Married: Roger Twysden of Roydon, 1562. Mother of Sir William Twysden, 1st Baronet of Roydon. 66 THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND IwISDEN

D10 (241). Sir Thomas Wiat, the younger. Portrait, head and neck cut off at shoulders. Circular panel 16" diam. 19th century copy, or much repainted. For notes on life, see D8.

PORTRAITS ON THE GRAND STAIRCASE. 51 (237). A Child of the Twysden Family. In white dress cut low at neck, bows and head dress of blue ribbon, bright red shoes, holding cherries, stroking brown and white spaniel. Circa 1740. (33i" x 28".) Artist: Unknown.

S2 (266). John Twysden, M.D. Portrait, in plain black with square linen collar. Cut out from old dilapidated picture and restored in 1848 by Herbert Smith. (17' x Ir.) Sometimes claimed to be Sir Roger Twysden, 2nd Bart. of Roydon.

S3 (217). Sir Roger Twysden, 2nd Baronet of Roydon. Portrait, as boy of about 8 years, in white doublet and trunk hose elaborately embroidered. White collar and stockings, black shoes. Holding large black hat with feathers. Fox terrier. Dated 1605. (54" x 35".) Artist: Unknown. For notes on life, see (116) in Great Hall.

54 (233). Thomas Edward Twisden, F.S.A. Portrait, in black clothes and necktie and white shirt front, and gold chain. Circa 1845. (24" X 20".) Artist: Unknown. For notes on life, see (H25) in Great Hall.

S5 (224). Sir William Twysden, 3rd Bart. of Roydon. 1635-1697. Portrait, as a boy of about eight years, in white jacket and breeches, embroidered with lace collar and cuffs, green stockings, white leggings, brown shoes. He holds a staff. 1642. (51" x 40".) Artist: Unknown. Son of the famous Sir Roger, he tried to put the estate in order after the sequestration and mismanagement. THE FAMILY OF TWYSDEN AND TWISDEN 67

He married Francis Crosse 1665. There were 17 children and their sons Thomas and William became 4th and 5th Baronets respectively. Traveller and accomplished scholar. Deputy Lieutenant of Kent, Knight of Shire in James II's Parliament 1684-5, and opposed to the proposals for standing army.