5324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 stand to be the rule, Senate bill 2507, which I introduced on tures which cannot be expressed in words. Oh, bring out the calendar day April 4, should have been referred to the of them the very best yearnings, hungers, and heart long same committee which handled the original bill. Therefore, ings. Strengthen this Congress with the bond of brother I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Banking hood that works no m, heals divisions, softens asperities, and Currency be discharged from the further consideration promotes friendship, and puts far away all malice. May we of the bill and that it be referred to the Committee on associate together as members of a common humanity, living Agriculture and Forestry. and laboring for the good of our fellow men. Through Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. President, I do not intend to object Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. to the request of the Senator from Nevada. Neither the The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry approved. nor the Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Cur MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE l'ency is present; but I wish to say that it seems to me the A message from the Senate, by Mr. Horne, its enrolling jw-isdiction properly lies in the Committee on Banking and clerk, announced that the Senate had passed, with amend Currency, to which the Senator first had his bill referred. ments in which the concurrence of the House is requested, Mr. McCARRAN. Excepting, Mr. President, that I under stand it to be the general rule here that where a bill which a bill of the House of the following title: H. R. 3973. An act making appropriations for the govern afterward becomes a law in passing through this body is ment of the District of Columbia and other activities charge handled by a particular committee, a bill constituting an able in whole or in part against the revenues of such Dis amendment to that law should be referred to the committee .trict for the· fiscal year ending June 30, 1936, and for other ·which handled the bill in the first instance. I think that is purposes. the general rule; at least, that is what I have understood The message also announced that the Senate insists upon since I have been here. its amendments to the foregoing bill, requests a conference Mr. ROBINSON. I do not understand that there is any rule on the subject. We frequently find an overlapping of with the House thereon, and appoints Mr. THOMAS of Okla homa, Mr. GLASS, Mr. COPELAND, Mr. KING, Mr. NYE, and committee jurisdictions. As I stated before, however, I do Mr. KEYES to be the conferees on the part of the Senate. not intend to raise an objection to the request. Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, if the Silver Purchase WAR PROFITS Act had originally gone to the Committee on Agriculture The SPEAKER. The unfinished business is the vote on and Forestry, it would not have had jurisdiction of it. The the motion of the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. GOLDS only reason why the Silver Purchase Act came within the BOROUGH] to recommit the bill Hancock, N. C. McClellan Perkins Stefan General pairs: Healey McGehee Peterson, Fla. Stewart Hennings McGrath Peterson, Ga Stubbs Mr. Bankhead with Mr. Bacharach. Higgins, Mass. McGroarty Pettengill Sutphin Mr. Buchanan with Mr. Bacon. Hildebrandt McKeough Pierce Sweeney Mr. Steagall with Mr. Lord. Hill, Knute Maas Powers Taber Mr. Rayburn with Mr. Seger. Hill, Samuel B. Mahon Rabaut Tarver Mr. Lanham with Mr. Andrew of Massachusetts. Hoeppel Maloney Ramsey Taylor. Tenn. Mr. Montague with Mr. Fish. Hollister Mapes Ramspeck Terry Mr. Taylor of South Carolina with Mr. Hartley. Hook Marcantonio Rankin Tinkham Mr. Crowe with Mr. Gambrill. Hope Marshall Reece Tobey Mr. Lam.neck with Mr. Walter. Huddleston Martin. Colo. Reilly Truax Mr. Bell with Mr. West. Hull Mason Robertson Turpin Mr. Schuetz with Mr. Driscoll. Jacobsen Massingale Robinson, Utah Umstead Mr. Griswold with Mr. Shannon. Johnson, Okla. Maverick Robsion, Ky. Underwood Mr. Darden with Mr. Buckley of New York. Johnson, Tex. Mead Rogers. Ok!a. Vinson, Ky. Mr. Meeks with Mr. Frey. Johnson, W. Va. Merritt, Conn. Romjue Wadsworth Mr. DeRouen with Mr. Kee. Keller Mlller Ryan Wallgren Mr. Igoe With Mr. Peyser. Kennedy, N. Y. Mitchel!, Tenn. Sabath Wearin Kenney Monaghan Sadowski Weaver Mr. MOTT, Mr. CANNON of Missouri, Mr. RABAUT, and Mr. Kleberg Moran Sanders, Tex. Welch CANNON of Wisconsin changed their vote from " no " to Kniffin Moritz Sauthotr Werner "aye!' Knutson Mott Schneider Whelchel Kocialkowf:ki Murdock Schulte White The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Kopplemann Nelson Scott Wllliams A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Kvale Nichols Scrogham Wilson, Pa. Lambertson O'Brien Sears Withrow The doors were opened. Lambeth O'Malley Secrest Wolfenden Mr. McSWAIN. Mr. Speaker, by instructions of the Lemke Owen Sirovich Wolverton House and as Chairman of the Committee on Military Af Lewis, Md. Parks Sisson Wood Luckey Patman Smith, Va. Woodrum fairs, I report back to the House the bill CH. R. 5529) to Ludlow Patterson Smith, Wash. Zimmerman prevent profiteering in time of war and to equalize the bur Lundeen Pearson Smith, W. Va. Zioncheck McAndrews dens of war and thus provide for the national defense, and NAYS-183 promote peace, amended in accordance with the motion to Ada1r Dietrich Jenkins, Ohio Quinn recommit. Allen Dirksen Jones Randolph The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendment. Arends Dobbins Kahn Ransley Arnold Dondero Kelly Reed, Ili. The Clerk read as follows: Barden Dorsey Kennedy, Md. Reed,N. Y. Strike out the first sentence of section 3, beginning on line 13, Beam Doughton Kerr Rich page 2, down to and including the word "wage" in Une 9, page 3. Beiter Driver Kimball Richards Berlin Duffy, N. Y. Kinzer Rogers, Mass. The amendment was agreed to. Blackney Eaton Kloeb Rogers, N. H. Bloom Eckert Kramer Rudd The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read ·a third Boehne Edmiston Larrabee Russell time, and was read the third time. Boland Ekwall . Lea, Calif. Sanders, La. Bolton Ellenbogen Lee, Okla. Sandlin The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. Boylan Engel Lehlbach Schaefer Mr. McSWA.IN. Mr. Speaker, I demand the yeas and Brewster Englebright Lesinski Shanley nays. Brooks Evans Lewis, Colo. Short Brunner Faddis Lloyd Smith, Conn. The yeas and nays were ordered. Buck Fenerty Lucas Snell The question was taken; and there were-yeas 368, nays Buckbee Ferguson McCormack Snyder Bulwinkle Fiesinger McFarlane Somers, N. Y. 15, answered" present" 1, not voting 47, as follows: Burnham Fitzpatrick McLaughlin South [Roll No. 51] Caldwell Fletcher McLean Spence Carden Fulmer !.!cLeod Stack YEAS-368 Carmichael Gasque McMlllan Starnes Adair Cartwright Dorsey Greenwood Carpenter Gassaway McReynolds Sullivan Allen Cary Doxey Greever Carter Gearhart McSwain Sumners, Tex. Amlie Casey Drewry Guyer Cary Goodwin Mansfield . Taylor, Colo. Andresen Castellow Driscoll Gwynne Chandler Granfield Martin, Mass. Thom Andrew, Mass. Cavicchia Driver Haines Church Green May Thomason Arends Chandler Duffey, Ohio Halleck Citron Greenwood Merritt, N. Y. Thompson Arnold Christianson Duffy, N. Y. Hancock, N. Y. Claiborne Greever Michener Thurston Ashbrook Church Duncan Hancock, N. o. Colden Gywnne Millard Tolan Ayers Citron Dunn, Miss. Hart Cole, Md. Haines Montet Tonry Bacharach Claiborne Eagle Harter Cole, N. Y. Halleck O'Connell Treadway Barden Clark, Idaho Eaton Healey Collins Hancock, N. Y. O'Connor Turner Beam Cochran Eckert Hennings Connery Harlan O'Day Utterback Beiter Coffee Edmiston Hess Cooper, Ohio Ha.rt O'Leary Vinson, Ga. Berlin Colden Ekwall Higgins, Conn. Cooper, Tenn. Harter Oliver Warren Biermann Cole, Md. Ellenbogen Higgins, .Mass. Costello Hess O'Neal Whittington Binderup Cole, N. Y. Engel Hildebrandt Crawford Higgins.Conn. Pa.lmisano Wigglesworth Blackney Collins Englebright Hill, Ala. Cross, Tex. Hill, Ala. Parsons Wilcox Bland Colmer Evans Hill, Knute Crowther Hobbs Patton Wilson, La. Blanton Cooley Faddis Hill, Samuel B. Cullen Holmes Pfeifer Wolcott Bloom Cooper, Ohio Farley Hobbs Daly Houston Pittenger Woodruff Boehne Cooper, Tenn. Fenerty Hoeppel Delaney Imhoif Plumley Young Boileau Costello Ferguson Hollister Dempsey Jenckes, Ind. Polit Boland Cox Fernandez Holmes NOT VOTING-43 Bolton Cravens Fiestnger Hook Boylan Crawford Fitzpatrick Hope Andrews, N. Y. Darden Hoffman Rayburn Brennan Crosby Flannagan Houston Bacharach DeRouen Igoe Richardson Brewster Cross, Tex. Fletcher Hull Bacon Ditter Kee SchuE:tz Brooks Crosser, Ohio Focht Imho:fr' Bankhead Doutrich Lam.neck Seger Brown, Ga. Crowther Ford, Cali!. Jacobsen Bell Driscoll Lanham Shannon Brown, Mich. Culkin Ford, Miss. Jenckes, Ind. Buchanan Fish Lord Stea.gall Brunner Cullen Fuller Jenkins, Ohlo Buckley, N. Y. Frey Meeks Taylor, S. C. Buck Cummings Fulmer Johnson, Okla. Celler Ga.mbrlll Mitchell, Ill. Thomas Buckbee Daly Gasque Johnson, Tex. Chapman Gregory Montague Walter Buckler, Minn. Darrow Gassaway Johnson, W. Va. Corning Griswold Norton West Bulwinkle Dear Gearhart Jones Crowe Hartley Peyser Burch Deen Gehrmann Kahn Burdick Delaney Gifl'ord Keller So the motion to recommit was agreed to. Burnham Dempsey Gilchrist Kelly The Clerk announced the following pairs: Caldwell DeRouen Gillette Kennedy, Md. On this vote: Cannon, Mo. Dickstein Gingery Kenney Cannon, Wis. Dies Goldsborough Kerr Mr. Corning (for) with Mr. Gregory (against). Carden Dietrich Goodwin Kimball Mr. Hofl'man (for) with Mr. Andrews of New York (against). Carlson Dirksen Granfield Kinzer Mr. Ditter (for) with Mr. Thomas (against). Carmichael Dobbins Gray, Ind. Kleberg Mr. Doutrich (for) with Mr. Chapman (against). Carpenter Dockweiler Green Kloeb Mr. Celler (for) with Mrs. Norton (against). Carter nondero Greenway Kn11ll..n 5326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 Knutson Mead Rayburn Sumners, Tez. Mr. IMHOFF. Mr. Speaker, n;y colleague, the gentleman Koclalkowskl Merritt, N. Y. Reece Sutphin Kopplemann Michener Reed, ID. Sweeney from West Virginla, Mr. Kn, is unable to be present. Were Kramer Millard Reed,N. Y. Tarver he present he would vote " aye." Kvale Miller Reilly Taylor, Colo. Lambeth Mitchell. Tenn. Rich Taylor, Tenn. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Larrabee Monaghan Richards Terry On motion of Mr. McSwAIN, a motion to reconsider the Lea. Call!. Montet Robertson Thom vote by which the bill was passed was laid on the table. Lee, Okla. Moran Robsion, K:J, Thomason Lehlbach Moritz Rogers. Mass. Thompson EXTENSION 01' REMARKS-TAKE THE PROFIT OUT OF WAR Lemke Mott Rogers, N. H. Thurston Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, this country wants no Lesinski Murdock Rogers, Okla. · Tobey Lewis. Colo. Nelson Romjue Tolan more war. Under no circumstances should we ever engage Lewis, Md. Nichols Rudd Tonry in a war of aggression. If a referendum vote of the people Lloyd O'Brien Russell Treadway Lucas O'Connell Ryan Truax were taken before a declaration of war, there would be no Luckey O'Connor Sabath Turner war. This IS impracticable, however, because defensive wars Ludlow O'Day Sadowski Turpin may be necessary. The best way to avoid war is to be pre Lundeen O'Leary Sanders, La. U1ll8tead .McAndrews Oliver Sanders, Tex. Underwood pared; and I am satisfied that a majority of the American McClella.n· O'MalleJ Sa.ndlin Utterback people are thoroughly convinced that we should at all times McCormack O'Neal Bauthofr · Vinson, Ga. be prepared to meet any kind of aggression. McFarlane Owen Schaefer Vinson, Ky. McGehee PalmlsanO Bcbneider Wallgren The purpose of this resolution is to equalize the burdens McGrath Parks Schulte Walter of war. If we must have war, then it should be a people's McGroarty Parsons Scott Warren McKeough Patman Scrug ham Wearin war; and regardless of our occupation. our station, or our McLaughllll Patterson Sears Weaver position in li!e. we owe our respective obligations to the McLean Patton Secrest Welch 'defense of our country. It is not possible that we all engage 'McLeod Pearson ShanieJ Werner McMlllan Peter~on, Fla. Short Whelchel in the same activity, but it is possible and necessary that we McReynolds Peterson, Ga. Slrovich White in to 0 all engage some activity carry on the common cause. McSwain Pettengill Smith. Conn. Whittington will Maas Pfei!er Smith. Va. Wigglesworth No more wars be fought by this country by volunteers Mahon Pierce Smith, Wash. WUcox only. The man power of the country should be drafted and Maloney Pittenger Smith. W. Va. Williams all within the class should contribute. Mansfield Plumley Snell Wilson. La. Mapes Polk Snyder Wilson.Pa. Ever since the ·world War the ex-service men of the Marcantonio Powers Somers, N. Y. Wtthrow country · have been insisting on a universal service law. Marshall Quinn South Wolcott Numerous resolutions have been introduced, every one of Martin. Colo. Rabaut Spence Wolfenden Martin. Mass. Ramsay Stack Wolverton which ·has had the solid backing of patriotic organizations ·Mason Ramspeck Starnes Woodru:1f and service men's organizations. However, never before has Massingale Randolph Stefan Young Maverick Rankin Stubbs Zimmerman this -type of legislation progressed to that stage where the May B.ansleJ Sulllvan Zloncheck House is permitted to vote. NAYS-15 If we must have war, then I believe in drafting not only ·Connery Gray, Pa. Merritt, Conn. Tinkham the young men of the country· but ip.dustry, agriculture, la .Dunn.Pa. Harlan Perkins Wadsworth Gavagau Huddleston Stewart Wood.- . bor, capital, transportation. and communication. It is un Glldea Kennedy, N. Y. Taber fair to take the young men of the country and place them ANSWERED "PRE3ENT "-1 in the trenches at $30 a month and permit labor in the f ac S1s8on tory back home to draw $15 to $20 a day. It ls unfair to NOT VOTING-47 these men who are doing the fighting to permit industry to Andrews. N. Y. Dingell Hartley Peyser profit by the suffering of those in the front lines. Legisla Bacon Disney Hotr man Rt chard.son tion bringing about the objectives sought in ~ this bill would Bankhead Ditter Igoe Robinson, Utah Bell Doughton Kee . Bcbuetz have been· enacted long ago, were it not for the fact that Buchanan Dautrich Lambertson · · Seger labor wants to be exempted from any governmental regula Buckley, N. T. Eicher Lamneck Shannon tion in time of war; and by the same token capital and in Cell er Fish Lan.ham Steagall Chapman Frey Lord Taylor. S. 0. dustry insist on the· right to make such profits as are possible Clark,N. o. Gambrm Meeb Thomas in time of national emergency. Both labor and capital are Corning · Gregory · Mitchell, m. West Crowe Griswold Montague Woodrum wrong. The masses of the people know of no reason why Darden Hamlln Norton either of these groups should be exempted from their pro So the bill was passed. portionate share of responsibility when it is necessary for The Clerk announced the following additional pairs: the country to bear arms. On the vote: Anything that will take the profit out of war will lessen Mr. Gregory (for) wtth Mr. Corning (against). the chances o! war. In short, in my judgment no profits 1n Mrs. Norton (!or) with Mr. Oeller (against). ninety-nine out of one hundred cases will mean no war. I Mr. Andrews of New York (!or) with Mr. Roitman (agalnst)• , think we all realize that in the· tast analysis any general .General pairs until further notice: legislation passed in peace times providing for the carrying Mr. Buchanan with Mr. Bacon. on of war is at most but a declaration of policy. If war Mr. Steagall with Mr. Lord. does come, the constitutional powers of the Executive can Mr. Montague with Mr. Fish. Mr. Taylor of South Carolina with Mr. Hartley. not be abridged and he will have the power to do those Mr. Woodrum With Mr. Seger. things which are necessary to meet the occasions arising. Mr. Chapman with Mr. Doutrlch. It is well, however, to announce to the country and to the Mr. Doughton with Mr. Thomas. Mr. Etcher with Mr. Lambertson. world that the policy of this Government and the inclination Mr. Mitchell of Illinois wtth Mr. Ditter. of our people is against war. And it is just as important Mr. Dingell wtth Mr. Crowe. Mr. Bell with Mr. West. to announce to our own people that it 1s the policy of the Mr. Meeks with Mr. FreJ. Government to take a way all profit from war. The very Mr. Lamneck with Mr. Haml1n.. announcement itself will have a salutary e1fect. Mr. Griswold With Mr. Shannon. . Mr. Darden With Mr. Buckley of New York. I think we all realize that this legislation as drafted 1s Mr. Gambrill with Mr. Richardson. very incomplete and imperfect. It does, however, blaze the Mr. Kee with Mr. Clark of North oarolina. Mr. Lanham With Mr. Robinson. trail, and if war does come, a path will be marked out and a Mr. West With Mr. Schuetz. policy settled upon. Better that this be done in calm delib Mr. Igoe with Mr. Peyser. eration in peace ·time rather than be prompted by the hys Mr. DOBBINS. Mr. Speaker, my colleague, the gentleman teria which always accompanies armed confiict. from Illinois, Mr. ME.EKS, is unable to be present. He has There can be no war without a declaration by the Con authorized me to state that were he present he would vote gress. Congress will then of necessity be in session. and "aye." 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5327 common sense tens us . that that particular Congress will legislation designed and intended to take the profit out of pass such legislation as is necessary to mee.t ·the emergency war. The very fact that it· has required alt these years of then existing. If the present bill becomes a law, it can read- agitation and education to arrive at the p~esent stage when ily be remodeled or , al!l~nded . to acc~mmodate the circ.um- we are at last legislating on the subject is sufficient proof in stances. itself of the strong op-position and insidious propaganda. We must not forget that we are attempting in this legis- which has had to be overcome and the numerous obstacles lation to discourage war and not encourage war. Possibly which have thus far thwarted our efforts. For that reason. some of the provisions of this bill as amended are drastic. I am of the _opinion that the gentleman from South Carolina Possibly some of them would work injustices. Possibly some [Mr. McSwAIN]. the distinoauished ChairmA.n of the Com-. of the provisions are impracticable. Yet, with all its faults, 1 mittee on Military Affairs, and his colleagues on that com the underlying principle is made plain; that is, that each mittee, are entitled to a great deal of credit for bringing this and every citizen must do his part, and the loss and the bill before the House. suffering which must accompany any war will be equalized The measure, even as amended, is probably not perfect insofar as possible. 'Let us forget our selfish interests and and undoubtedly contains imperfections the same as all pass this bill. other legislation; and while I personally prefer the Nye bill~ Mr. FORD of California. Mr. Speaker, I am voting for nevertheless, this is the first legislative proposal to end war H. R. 5529 because I think it is a long step in the right by taking the profits out of war which I have had an oppor direction. tunity to -support and vote for, and I am going to embrace Coming as it does from the Military Affairs Committee, the opport~ity. To my m_ind, it is significant that the the bill cannot go into.the realm of taxation. This must be American Federation of Labor and the American Legion are left to another bill coming from the Ways and Means Com- in favor of this bill, as amended, and I hope and trust that mittee. I am hopeful that just as soon as the overworked these powerful organizations will give · their support in the Ways and Means Committee can do so it will report a com- future, as I intend to do, to legislation to tax the profits out panion bill that will deal drastically with the whole subject of war, which I am inclined to believe will be the most of taxation in time of war. I believe that only by placing effective method to instire the demonetization of war. the cost of war on those who in the past have profited from SENATE DOCUMENT NO. 259, SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION war can war be prevented. When the munition makers an4 Mr. Speaker, I have recently obtained from the library the armament manufacturer:s and all the others who look tQ of the House of Representatives one of the few copies which war as a gala event that multiplies their millions and in- are still extant of senate Document No. 259, Sixty-fifth Con creases their power find that unmistakably and irrevocably gress, second session, corporate Earnings and Government war profits are abolished and made forever unattainable we Revenues, which shows the earnings of some 31,500 corpo shall have an end to war propaganda and to all the heavy rations which earned in excess of 50 percent on their capital burden of taxation that goes with it. stock during the war period, many of them as high as sev- Private profit made in war materials or in the supplying eral hundred and thousand percent. This report proved ef services to the Government in the prosecution of _the war so astonishing in its revelations and disclosures that Can is blood money. So long as the manhood of the Nation gress feared · to make it public, and it was immediately sur must bare its breast to the_bullets, the shells, the poison gas, pressed and withdrawn from circulation. It is without and the bayonets of the foe, those who stay behind the lines doubt the most damnable and damning indictment of in safe and secure enjoyment of life mruit be prevented from profiteering in war time to. b~ found anywhere in the his making money out of disaster. I think the~e is merit in the tory of the world, and very few persons know of its existence. provision of the bill for' the fixing of a ·ceiling_of prices in I I had the document called to my attention recently by a. time of war. This should be an effective method of prevent.:. friend who held a high position in the service of our Gov~ ing profiteering. But more effective is that amendment I ernment during the war, and who is of the opinion that its offered by the able chairman of the co~ittee and riow num- resurrection and republication as a public document would bered section 8 of the bill. That amendment is sound and do more to educate the puolic and the Members of Congress far-reaching. Here it is: . to the evils of war profiteering than any single thing that That upon the declaration of war there shall be imposed a tax of could be done; and I agree With him. This document pre- 100 percent of all excess war profits that may be earned during th~ sents in its many thousands of columns of cold figures a period of war as defined by this act. . lurid tale of perfidy, avarice, greed, high crime, and treason This amendment, in short, says: " Let the profiteers pay which cannot fail to arouse the indignation, anger, and for the war." And that, I believe, is what the American hatred of every normal human being. people say. · It presents, indeed, a diabolical and hellish contrast to Another far-reaching provision of the bill we are about the casualty lists, lists. of the names of the wounded and to pass is the one that makes the pay of soldiers in war time killed who sacrificed life, limb, and health, and the myriads equivalent to that of _labor . . Still .another conscripts the who sustained :financial and material losses as a result of the management of industry, transportation, communications, war, which President Woodrow Wilson, after his sad ~peri and commerce in time of war. ence with the diplomats and statesmen of Europe, declared While I am confident tha.t this Congress will in another in his disillusionment was nothing but a commercial war bill take care of the taxation problem as it relates to war, after all. and thus effectively and completely abolish war profits, I am Mr. Speaker, this bill is at least ·a forward stride in the glad to support the present bill as a first step and a long right direction, and I hope it will be followed by others until step toward a most desirable goal. we have trod the full distance to our ultimate destination But let us not stop here. Let us here and now decide to and demonetized war and rendered 1t forever impossible for put an end to all profiteering, in peace as well as in war. a few human monsters and ghouls to profiteer and coin mil We can go a long way toward accomplishing this by a drastic lions of dollars out of the tears, blood, and sacrifices of multitudes of their fell ow men. tax revision which places the burden of taxation on those Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, is ·it a mark with high incomes and large profits. A surtax on corpora- of the bizarre intemperance of ol.ir age that we should se tion profits is an essential step in our program. I hope this riously consider a bill of such untimely and irrelevant char will be one of the accomplishments of this Congress. acter as is this immature offspring of the House Committee Mr. SMITH of Washington. Mr. . Speaker, on Saturday, on Military Affairs? the Sth day of April, it was 18 years ago since our declara- In· this day of civilization the common people of all coun tion of war against the Imperial Government of Germany, tries are in opposition to war-that is, until such time as and after this long delay. we are now finally about to enact they are whipped into 3 rage a:g.d fury that knows no reason 5328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL . 9 and desfroys every semofance of sound judgment, lashed frito founded that would be! --under the provisions of the bill my a caged animal's destructive fury that overrides the sense grocer who sold me a can of baked beans for 15 cents on and restraints of prudence. There are, however, in all coun January 1, 1936, and later, say, February 1, 1936, charged me tries and at all times those peculiar types of humanity, both 16 cents might be subject to a fine of $100,000 and 1 year's male and female, who seem only to be able to swim when imprisonment. the waters are turbulent-agitators; eagle-pluckers; patri Further, the bill provides that during the period of war the oteers; profiteers; flag fliers; bombastic, self-seeking, and President is empowered to designate any person to exercise pompous country savers; politicians of every color and every his powers under the act. It is bad enough to be compelled hue whose last recourse to self-aggrandizement is to try to to enact such legislation in time of war, but it is tragical to walk up the ladder of importance by building it out of the give serious consideration to the creation of arbitrary dicta bleaching bones of their dead brothers. torial and autocratic powers in peace time. Must we Na The bill H. R. 5529, reported from the Committee on poleonize the state in perpetuity? Must we forever stand on Military Affairs, is labeled "to prevent profiteertng in war." the brink of absolutism waiting to be toppled into its abysmal What an alluring name! What a delightful title! But what depths? a misnomer and what a farce! Furthermore, this bill could very easily be used, and per Why waste time with such nonsense? As if it were pos haps would be so used, to enslave the workingmen of the sible to regulate the conduct of war or define the national country, to disorganize every unit of united labor, to destroy policy for war when peace, the antithesis of war, prevails. on the moment the fruits that generations of hardship a:ria The very men who are proposing this declaration of na struggle and deprivation have brought to labor, both organ tional policy would probably be the first to destroy that ized and unorganized. This is the foremost reason why I declared policy if war clouds darkened the horizon. shall vote against it. Peace and war are two entirely different states of mind. For confusion of thought, for cloudiness of language, for They are two directly opposing attitudes of thought and uncertainty and aimlessness of purpose, for waste of time in conduct; and, being such, it is as ridiculous to talk about a consideration, and for utter failure to register, this bill, fixed war policy in time of peace as it is to talk about peace alleged to prevent profiteering in time of war, has in all like policy in time of war-excepting always the hypocritical lihood never been equaled in the legislative halls of this or pretensions and sinister purposes of a nation's self-imposed any other nation. It will be no surprise to me if its destiny leaders, who, by dark and devious plans and deceptive is the standing joke of the ages. preachments, must need mislead and misdirect the popular I would not debase my intelligence by voting for it, even opinion. on the plea that it is intended to prevent profiteering and This much is easily predictable: That when the time comes would help to keep us out of war. again-and let us pray to God it never does come again When the country has again been whipped and threshed that this Nation shall engage in the slaughter of its own and and lashed into a war craze, this puerile and measly attempt, other men and women, those who are in the position of gov if it becomes a law, will immediately be wiped off the statute ernmental authority will slaughter this piece of legislation as books and incontinently buried beneath the enactments of quickly and as ferociously as a lion slays a lamb. that dread day and hour. Why bother about a declaration of policy by act of Con gress when we have the recent spectacle of a national refer EXTENSION OF REMARKS endum on a declaration of policy which meant nothing to Mr. McSWAIN. Mr. Speaker, on last Friday unanimous an administration elected in November 1916, because it consent was granted to all Members of the House to extend kept us out of war, and immediately thereafter the peo their owp remarks upon this bill for a period of 3 legislative ple who had by popular vote so nobly and publicly and days. This is the third legislative day. Since that time con nationally vocalized a declaration of policy that the world siderable water has passed over the wheel and doubtless might hear and see aind understand were outraged by every Members who then did not extend their remarks now would manner of means in the furtherance of engaging in the like to do so . . So, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that very war which they had voted to keep out of? all Members may have 3 legislative days, beginning tomorrow, This bill on final passage is battered into a caricature of within which to extend their own remarks on this measure. its appearance when it :first caime from the committee. In The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the the first place, the bill contained a provision that its pro gentleman from South Carolina? visions should be applicable in case of war or when Congress Mr. McSW AIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to declared an emergency existed. This emergency wording proceed for 2 minutes for the purpose of making a statement. Mr. PARSONS. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob was stricken from it. It originally contained a conscription ject-I shall not object to this request, but if there are fur of man-power cla,.use in the words "all the unorganized ther requests for time to speak out of order I shall be con militia between ages of 21 and 31." strained to object. What is the meaning of unorganized militia? The mili The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the tia consists of those enrolled and drilled in military organi gentleman from South Carolina? zations other than the regular military forces. The militia There was no objection. is an orgainized body, What kind of an animal is an unor Mr. McSWAIN. Mr. Speaker, inasmuch as there may be ganized organization? Is it a hamlet with no hamlet? Is confusion in the minds of some as to the effect of the motion it some sort of a milkless cheese? Or a legless quadruped? to recommit, I merely wish to read a statement which ap- The Committee of the Whole House increased the age to pears in my remarks in yesterday's RECORD to this effect: - 45 years, and then on a motion to recommit struck the whole Of course, if the motion to recommit amending the b111 as provision from the bill. The mere declaration of a conscript contemplated should by any possibillty prevail, the other provisions army for the whole country in time of peace could not pos of the . b111 are so vital that I would urge every Member of the House to vote for it, and to send it to the Senate with a well-nigh sibly be considered as other than a warlike measure. The unanimous support, 1n the belief that when the Senate amends bill, instead of being a gesture for peace, is a movement the bill in such form and manner as shall appear to the Senate toward war; at least that is how it will be construed by wise and proper, it will still be possible for us in conference to work out a bill that will stop profiteering, tend to discourage war, the world. thus promote peace, and greatly assist 1n equalizing the burdens The bill provides that from and after a date prior to a of war. declaration of war, which date the President is authorized So I still think, Mr. Speaker, that the' bill has great pos and directed to determine, prices may not be increased. It sibilities for accomplishing the results for which all proposes to freeze prices. It does freeze labor. What kind Members of the House except 15 have voted. of language is that? If this means anything, it means that Mr. HILL of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman if war were declared on March l, 1936, the President might determine by retroactive proclamation that no prices should yield? be raised since Januacy 1. J.936. Wb,at c_onfusiou _w_orse con- Mr. McSWAIN. I yield. .193~ PO~GRESSIONAL ~ECORD-HOUSE 5329 Mr. 1IlLL of Alabama. It should be borne in mind, too, Section 333 of the Revised Statutes requires the Comptroller of the Currency to make an annual report to Congress, which re that the matter stricken out by the motion to recommit port, among other things, ls required to give a statement of the was not in the bill as originally introduced by the gentleman national banks which have been closed during the year. It is from South Carolina. _ the custom of the Comptroller of the Currency to include in such Mr. McSWAIN. Yes; but I amended for what I regarded annual report and the appendix thereto information and figures relative to the affairs of closed banks to such extent that the as good and sufficient reasons. report of January 3, 1934, embraced nearly 700 pages, including Mr. HILL of Alabama. And it did not relate to the great over 100 tabulated statements in the appendix covering the affairs purpose of taking the profits out of war. of both open and closed banks; 205 pages of said report are devoted to giving detailed information relative to the affairs of Mr. McSWAIN. Exactly, not directly, but concerns equal national banks in liquidation, together with 11-page textual sum izing the burdens of war, and of promoting peace., but dis mary covering same. The appendix to the current report of the couraging some other nation from attacking us, and pro Comptroller is at the present time 1n the hands of the Govern voking war. I am glad only about 15 Members voted ment Printing Office and should soon be available. The number of pages in same devoted to information involving closed national against this bill which now_ goes to the Senate with this banks will be found to embrace an even greater number of pages ·powerful indorsement. than that of the appendix to the previous report above referred to. There will be found in this report tables showing the cost of COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS liquidation of each national bank by name, including receivers' sal Mr. McSW AIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent aries, legal, and other expenses. There will also be found therein that the Committee on Military Affairs may have permission the amounts due the depositors and creditors of each such bank at its date of closing and the amount pa.id said depositors and cred to sit during the session of the House this afternoon on an itors of each such bank since the date of its closing. There accord important hearing. ingly appears no need for the adoption of House Resolution 185 in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the order to obtain this information. In addition to the foregoing specific items of information rela gentleman from South Carolina? tive to closed national banks requested by said resolution, the There was no objection. report of the Comptroiler of the Currency is so inclusive as to Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, at the time the bill H. R. embrace the following additional information relative to such 5529, the Mcswain bill, was passed, I was sitting in the back closed banks: Name and location of bank. Charter number. Date of organi of the room but failed to hear my name either on the roll zation. Capital at date of organization. Total dividends paid call on the motion to recommit or on the roll call on final during existence as a national banking association. Capital at passage of the bill. On the motion to recommit I failed to date of fatlure. Date receiver appointed. Lawful money depos vote. If I could be permitted to vote on the passage of the ited with Treasurer of the United states to redeem circulation. Circuiation outstanding at date of failure. Total deposits at bill, I would vote "aye." date of failure. Borrowed money (bills payable, rediscounts, etc.) BANK RECEIVERSHIPS at date of failure. Book value of assets at date of failure: Estimated good, esti- Mr. STEAGALL, from the Banking and Currency Com mated doubtful, estimated worthless. • mittee, submitted a privileged report making appropriations for •the Department of Agri It is as I have said, a time to get down to "brass tacks." culture, for the Farm Credit Administration for the fiscal It is a time to stand for the honest, human patriotism of Jef year ending June 30, 1936, and for other purposes, with ferson and Jackson and of everybody else who believes that ·senate amendments, disagree to the Senate amendment.s, democracy should apply to industry as well as to political and agree to the conference asked by the Senate. formalities. We do not yet have genuine democracy. Let us The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the make an honest attempt to establish it instead of hounding 'gentleman from Missouri? [After a pause.] The Chair men and women who show us the unmistakable proof that hears none and appoints the following conferees: Messrs. so far we live under a sham democracy-an iron plutocracy SANDLIN, CANNON of Missouri, TARVER, BUCHANAN, 'I'HuRSTON, cleverly camoufiaged with the veil of "democratic institu and BUCKBEE. tions." I have voted for various relief measures for the simple LET'S GET DOWN TO " BRASS TACKS " reason that I wanted to save men and women from starving. Mr. HllJ)EBRANDT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con- I was certainly in favor of using Federal funds to that end. sent to extend my remarks in the RECORD. So long as there is money in the Treasury and so long as The SPEAKER. Is there objection? there are American citizens who tramp the streets and high There was no objection. ways without food and shelter, I endorse giving them some Mr. HILDEBRANDT. Mr. Speaker, after all the flowery of that money so they can eat and sleep. But we cannot and rhetorical oratory to which we have listened in recent forever go on handing out doles. Even if we can, we ought weeks-yes; in recent months-I want to suggest a proposal not. If our prevailing system necessitates continual charity, that is somewhat hard-boiled, practical, and even-in the it is high time we got rid of that system. The common sense judgment of some--" radical" of the most conservative Congressman ought to coincide with Let us get down to brass tacks! this position. If that is radicalism, please make the most of it! Every Member of this Congress will agree with every other From the " right wing " will come the customary accusa Member that he believes in" life, liberty, and the pursuit of tions of "radicalism." Let them come. If Jefferson could happiness." All of us have sworn a thousand times to up stand such charges in 1800 and 1804, and if Jackson could hold the principles enunciated in the Declaration of Inde survive them in 1828 and 1832, the really democratic Demo 'pendence. The basic beliefs of the Democrats, Republicans, crats of 1935 need not worry. Every pioneer in th~ endless Progressives, Farmer-Laborites, Socialists, and even of other struggle between the robbers and the robbed has been abused so-called" third parties" are not materially different. Why, in similar language. The terminology will not frighten us. then, do not these parties get together and stand for the Years ago William Jennings Bryan, who was often called a same legislation? "radical", although he was never a Socialist, and through I will give you the answer to this interrogation: Because out his life attempted to humanize the old system which the profiteers and exploiters are ruling this country and in many of us feel is now beyond saving, said: 'tend to continue ruling it; because they do not care a rap Heads of railroads and other big corporations meet in secret and reach conclusions which are to be supported by united action, and how frequently legislators, politicians, and Congressmen en they expect the government to furnish the army to carry out these dorse abstract principles that everybody .ackm>wledges to be private conclusions. correct; and because they expect to continue to keep these officials divided when it comes to practical action that would Georges Clemenceau, who later became Prime Minister of put these principles i:nto effect._ France, replying to the argument that the government should keep "hands off", remarked: There is enthusiastic endorsement of spread-eagle speeches Economists argue that the state has no right to interfere in the in favor of patriotic generalities. But there is a significant relations between miners and mine owners. The mine owner is coolness when we try to " get down to brass tracks "-when we at home on his own property. Certain securities for life and limb seek to translate those generalities into realities. Yet no may be demanded, nothing more. But no sooner does a strike party can expect to stay long in power that confines itself to begin than the state, which 5 minutes before had no right to inter fere, ts called upon to bring in horse, foot, and artillery on the side abstractions. The people are not so dumb as superficial of the coal owners. Then the miners have no rights left and the politicians may think. They know that they are being judges decide against them on shameless pretexts and condemn robbed, they know who is doing the robbing, and they want them to prison. when they cannot bear false witness in support the robbing to stop. Just who will be their leader or leaders, o! the police and mllitary. is still unsettled-be it our beloved President or some other Daniel Webster, foreseeing the inevitable tendency of gov dynamic chief, will depend on circumstances. Much as we ernment--a tendency against which progressive and socially revere Franklin D. Roosevelt, most of us will concede that the minded statesmen must always struggle--pointed out: 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 5333 The object o! soclety is the protection of something in which ideal, but can in no manner attain the idea.I, because th8 the members possess unequal shares. • • • It seems to me to be plain that in the absence of military force political power equalization of the hardships, sufferings, and sacrifices of naturally and necessarily goes into the hands which hold the war is impossible. No money in any amount in the nature property. of a contribution by way of tax by any individual can In modern times, reverting to a clearer interpretation of approach the priceless value of one human life lost on the the basic principles upon which the Republic was founded, field of a battle. we have endeavored to make society something different Men who have experienced war favor a measure of this than an organization that aimed to protect the possession type as a peace measure. Preparedness as provided for in of "unequal shares" and to take care of a favored few. this or any like act does not encourage war, nor does action After the deprivation and desperation of the Hoover re by this House anticipate war, but it can be viewed as a peace gime and the obvious near collapse of the whole capitalistic movement or a vehicle by which the probability of war is system, we agree that a new deal was needed. The pro lessened. ducers-the people who do the work and produce the The title of the bill, " to prevent profiteering in time of wealth-felt that they wanted no more of the "old deal." war and to equalize the burdens of war and thus provide In electing Franklin D. Roosevelt and his associates, they for the national defense and promote peace", might invite were not giving a blanket endorsement to the Democratic an inquiry as to how far statute law can go in taking the Party, to any party, to any name, or to any slogan. They profit out of war by preventing profiteering and stabilizing voted for them because of the conviction that Roosevelt and prices in time of war. The War Policies Commission that his coworkers were committed to a social reconstruction pro reported in 1932, the creation of which was provided for by congressional resolve in 1930, recommended that "a consti gram that meant economic fr~edom for the masses. It is unnecessary for me to state-for it is a truth that is obvious tutional amendment be adopted clearly defining the power of Congress to prevent profiteering and to stabilize prices to all who can run and read-that if the social liberation thus sought does not come through President Roosevelt and in time of war." his administration, tlie long-suffering people of our beloved However, until that amendment was submitted to the land will seek it through some other party or movement. several States the Commission recommended a progra~ As a Democrat, I prefer to see the historic party of de the provisions of which are embraced, in their essentials, in mocracy stay true to its traditions and to its nomenclature. the bill now before the House. The necessity for considera But I am, first of all, for actual democracy. And so are the tion of a constitutional amendment has, in the opinion of great millions of the people of America who provide the many, changed with the times; so that today, a brief period food, shelter, clothing, and fuel for the Nation. of 2 years after the submission of the report by the War Policies Commission, whose membership comprised some of I tremble for my country when I refiect that God is just-that his justice cannot sleep forever- the ablest men in American public life, some of whom were lawyers, believed that the attitude of the Supreme Court to Said Thomas Jefferson. Very probably he would have said ward emergency legislation would sustain such war-time the same thing if he had lived in these latter days and seen legislation in the interest of national defense. These advo the cruelty and rapacity of the capitalist system. cates of the present bill advise us that "the Supreme Court No better answer to the claim that Americanism, per se, of the United States will, and should, sustain any act of consists of approving everything now embodied in existing Congress reasonably and logically appropriate to the preser legislation can be found in the splendid statement of Ed vation of the life of the Nation in a war emergency.'' The ward A. Steiner. I quote from it with full-hearted approval: opinion in the case of United States v. Macintosh (283 U. S. There are two Americas. One in which we are Iiving f!,nd the 205, 222 0931)), an excerpt from which is quoted below, is other that which we hope to make it. Of the one we are the ample justification for the belief that it is within the power guests; of the other we are with the builders. Builders must be idea.lists, men who are not only dissatisfied -with the present, but of Congress to legislate on the subject matter of the bill have great plans and hopes for the future. Frankly, I am not before the House for consideration. In t;pe Macintosh case satisfied by what we have, though I know the value of what we the Supreme Court said: have, and I am passionately eager for a greater, stronger, finer America. • From its very nature the war power, when necessity calls for its exercise, tolerates no qualifications or limitations, unless found in TAKE THE PROFIT OUT OF WAR the Constitution or its applicable principles of international law. In the words of John Quincy Adams, "This power is tremendous; Mr. IDGGINS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask it is strictly constitutional, but it breaks down every barrier so unanimous consent to extend.my remarks in the RECORD. anxiously erected for the protection of liberty, property, and life." The SPEAKER. Is there objection? To the end that war may not result 1n defeat, freedom of speech may, by act of Congress, be curtailed or denied so that the morale There was no objection. of the people and the spirit of the Army· may not be broken by Mr. HIGGINS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, during the seditious utterances; freedom of the press curtailed to preserve past week the House has considered the merits and demerits our military. plans and movements from the knowledge of the enemy; deserters and spies put to death without indictment or of a bill, the subject matter of which, in my opinion, is com trial by jury; ships and supplies requisitioned; property of alien parable in importance to the so-called " security bill " that enemies, theretofore under the protection of the Constitution, this House will discuss within the next legislative week. The seized without process and converted to the public use without compensation and without due process of law in the ordinary bill, drafted by Chairman McSwAIN, and before us today for sense of that term; prices of food and other necessities of life final consideration, is, as it appears to me-although I do not fixed or regulated; railways taken over and operated by the Gov agree entirely with all of its provisions-no makeshift, hap ernment; and other drastic powers, wholly admissible in time of hazard, or hurriedly drafted bill, but rather the result of peace, exercised to meet the emergencies of war. many years of thought by Mr. McSwAIN merging, if you will, By this bill the President is empowered to establish a his thought with that expressed by many former Members maximum price at the time a war or an emergency iS of Congress. No man has been more devoted to the cause of declared to exist by Congress. This is not an attempt to fix taking the profit out of war than the Chairman of the Com prices, but to stabilize prices by the establishment of a maxi mittee on Military Affairs, who introduced his first resolu mum price for all commodities. · Provisions are made to tion on this subject on his first day in Congress 14 years ago, take over such private property which, in the opinion of The purpose of the bill is both evident and praiseworthy. the President, is needed to promote the national defense. I know of no man who would in conscience and with de This provision, it is said, is not in violation of the fifth liberation visit another war upon us. Every man and woman amendment to the Constitution, if just compensation is paid in this House is in agreement that the bill has a laudable the owner of that property. purpose and is anxious to obtain legislation that will pre The bill by no means is perfect, and in certain of its pro vent profiteering in time of war and place the burdens of visions is quite fantastic, yet it is, in my opinion, a step in war equally upon all citizens, and by so doing obtain the the right direction. It is not by any means as exhaustive best guarantee we can have for the continued promotion of in its provisions and details as the bill of Senator NYE, yet peace. As has been said, this bill merely approaches the with all that I feel that with perfecting amendments prior 5334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE· APRIL 9 to its final enactment, we shall have at least .a foundation consideration of the bill CH. R. 6732), with Mr. ARNOLD in upon which to build a structure of adequate defense in the the chair. event cif war with the burden of that war as equitably dis The Clerk read the title of the bill. tributed among om- citi.Zens as is possible to do by legislation. Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out I am not in accord with the. provisions of the bill that the last word. enable the President to set the wage standard of the ordi Mr. Chairman, considering a rivers and harbors bill nary workingman at a level where his initiative is stifled, and always brings a personal reminiscence to me. I commenced his ambition to do an honest day's work, particularly in my service in this House as a member of that committee in war time, is bottled up in a blanket code of wages for his the Sixty-third Congress and served on the committee in trade or occupation. When Congress removed the objec the Sixty-third and Sixty-fourth Congresses. tionable draft of man-power clause it was my hope that The chairman at that time was the Honoraible Mr. Spark liberal benefits should be allowed to labor. The act is in man. of Florida, a very delightful gentleman and a very tended to take the profit away from individuals and corpo genial and pleasant man to serve under. Laiter on I saw rations similar to those individuals and firms as the evidence service with two succeeding chairmen-they were on the before the War Policies Commission disclosed, who made committee · with me, but not as chairmen-but there was millions of dollars in selling the necessaries of life to the included in the service of that committee at that time a· public, and war products to the Government, and not in any young man who for twenty-odd years has stayed young. sense intended to be aimed at the ordinary man or woman He has stayed young, perhaps, because he has so diligently who works for a day's pay and finds much difficulty sup attended to his duties iµ connection with this great porting a family on the pittance in the form of wages that committee. he or she receives for labor. There was never a time during · As a rule our clerical employees are very likely to follow any war when an application of this theory " take the profits the political party of the chairmain or the majority members. out of war " could be applied to the ordinary laboring man, I did not learn, 20 years ago, the politics of the assistant. working for a day's pay, because profit out of any war, no clerk at that time. I have known him these 20 years or more matter how long it lasted, was not forthcoming to him. In and I do not know his politics today, and I do not ca.re what brief, he generally has all he can do to make his weekly pay his politics may be, because he has given such faithful check purchase the goods of the profiteer manufacturer at service to this committee that proper credit should be much infia ted prices in order to care for his home and brought to his door. He has honorably served this com family needs. mittee for 33 years, and the fact he has served under War in every instance is paid for by one of two methods: chairmen of both politicail parties is the highest endorsement (1) By excess-profit tax, (2) by bond issue. Our sad ex the House can give Joseph H. McGann., the efficient clerk perience with the latter method during the recent war, the of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. [Applause.] inheritance of which will be paid for by generations to come, I want to add just one further word in connection with turns our attention to :financing an wars of the future by this committee, With a reference to the various chairmen. an excess-profit tax. The evidence submitted to the War I need not name them. They have belonged to both political Policies Commission in March 1931, that disclosed . that the parties, and if it were not for the fact that today we so Bethlehem Steel Co. made ai 43-percent profit in 1917, the willingly recognize the fact that the Democratic Party is in Atlas Powder a 27-percent profit, Colts Patent Fire Arms Co. control of this Congress we would not know the politics of a 60-percent profit, Savage Arms Corporation a 65-percent the present chairman. because he has followed the long line profit, Bethlehem Loading Co. a 63-percent profit in 1918, of succession on this very important committee and bas Winchester Arms Co. a 63-percent profit in 1919, Newport served·it faithfully and well,· and in such service the Hon & in News Shipbuilding Drydock Co. an 86-percent profit -oraible JOSEPH MANSFIELD qualifies with any of his prede 1917, and many other large corporations with unusually ex cessors in the chair. [Applause.] cessive profits, convinces me that the excess-profit tax .is the · So I want to bring this word of reminiscence in appre soundest and most justifiaible way to help pay the expenses ciation of as important a committee as the Rivers and of war. Harbors Committee has alwaiys .been and in appreciation _of . The amendment offered by. Mr. McSwAIN, calling for 100- its clerk, its dignified, its able, its efficient and popular percent excess-profit tax in time of war and accepted by chairman, our colleague, JoE MANSFIELD. [Applause.] the House without any Member raising a point of order that would of necessity have held that the amendment was Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. not germane to the bill, by this legislative move, now per The Clerk read as fallows: mits the Senaite to amend the bill to include a detailed Amendment offered by Mr. FADDIS: On page 14, between lines 5 and 6, insert a new paragraph as follows: excess-profit amendment. It is understood that this was the "Completion of such projects to prevent erosion of the banks only means available for the Senate to insert such provisions of the Monongahela River, in the State o! Pennsylvania, as have because revenue on tax-raising measures must originate in been approved by the Corps of Engineers of the United States the House. Now it is within their rights to amend the Army." - Mcswain amendment and insert the tax provisions of Sen Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of order ator NYE'S bill. against the amendment. As I have indicated previously, the bill is far from being Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Chairman and members of the Com perfect and will undoubtedly be improved upon in the Sen mittee, the Monongahela River, as all of you know, is one of ate, but at least it coordinates and mobilizes in the event the most important commercial rivers in the territory of the of wair the essentials to the success of any war, namely, United States. The territory that lies along the Mononga capital and control of industry, its prices and profits. The hela River in the State of Pennsylvania is perhaps the most control of these elements must of necessity be exercised highly industrialized section of the United States. promptly upon our entrance into war in order to be of : The valley of the river is very narrow and the sites for benefit and as a factor in war. industrial plants in this valley are very limited. If you RIVERS AND HARBORS go into the Monongahela Valley you will see cities built on Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House what I believe are the steepest hillsides upon which cities resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the are built in the United States. You will see streets closed state of the Union for the further consideration of the bill because they are entirely too steep for tra:ffic to go up or (H. R. 6732) authorizing the construction, repair, and pres down in safety. ervation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and The Monongahela River for many years bas been eating for other purposes. into the banks along the river and washing away valuable The motion was agreed to. property. It has been depositing the products of erosion in Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee the channel of the river, making continual dredging neces of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the fw-ther sary in order to keep the channel open. 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 5335 In the summertime When the river reaches its· low · stage Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Cha!rman, without passing on the sediment depasited from this erosion, in the form of the amendment itself-which, of course, is a separate ques bars, seriously interferes with navigation. tion-but confining myself to the point of order raised by This river was developed in the interests of bUS1ness anci the gentleman [Mr. CARTER] who made the point of order, is used almost exclusively by a few steel and coal com in response to the Chair Mr. CARTER did not deny that the panies. Surely the citizens who own homes and property committee had jurisdiction over such matter. This is a bill ·along this river are entitled to protection from the ravage which includes several hundred items. Two or more of them of this stream, which is now subsidized for industrial inter are in this section. If the committee has jurisdiction over ests. The common citizen is as much entitled to the con this subject matter, it would seem to me, two or more items sideration of this committee as are the industrial barons. being incorporated in the section, a Member has a right to I know of one town where a street is actually being carried offer an amendment which will include another item. The away. I know of another right along the river where the question of whether the Army engineers have passed on it road is jeopardized every year. I know of houses that ar~ may-be one of policy with the committee, but it is not bind being moved every 3 years to keep them away from the ing on a Member of the House on the floor. For these banks of the river. That is the reason for this amendment. reasons, the committee not denying it has jurisdiction over The money necessary to carry out this project will go, I soil erosion with reference to a river, and this bill including believe, almost 90 percent to labor. '.!'here is abundant local a number of items, I submit that the amendm~nt is in order. stone for riprapping the banks, and there is much unem Mr. FADDIS. I wish to add further, Mr. Chairman, in ployment in the region. Many can be removed from the support of my contention that this amendment is germane relief rolls and furnished honest labor. to the bill and to this section, that the erosion of banks of We have endeavored to get help from the Engineer Corps, a river has a very definite relation to the channel of the but they claim they have no funds. We have failed to get river, insofar as the material eroded is deposited in the funds from the P. W. A. This is the first river and har channel. There is a great deal of matter in this bill re bor bill since I became a Member of Congress. For years garding dredging of channels. It is germane for that rea I have been interested in this matter as a matter of justice son. Another reason I contend it is germane is that on to owners of private property. I ask a serious consideration page 11, at the end of line 20, the bill contains a similar of my amendment and ·its adoption. provision to this, insofar as it refers to a dike or retaining Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, I make the paint of order wall. The bill undoubtedly contains matter of a similar that the gentleman,s amendment is not germane. It is not nature. Line 3 of the bill reads as follows: germane to section 1, which provides for improvement of That the following works of improvement of rivers, harbors, and rivers and harbors, and has nothing to do with the control other waterways are hereby adopted and authorized- of erosion. It is purely a navigation matter and provides And so forth. Where two or more propositions are con for the development of rivers and harbors. cerned, a proposition which is relevant can be further added. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from California For these reasons, I maintain, Mr. Chairman, that this take the position that the protection of the banks of the amendment is germane to the bill and to section 2 of the river from erosion is not within the jurisdiction of the Rivers bill. and Harbors Committee? . The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is read to rule. The gen Mr. CARTER. No; I do not contend that, but as far as tleman from California [Mr. CARTER] makes the point of section 1 is concerned there is absolutely nothing in it to order that the amendment of the gentleman from Pennsyl make this amendment germane, because there is nothing in vania [Mr. FADnrsJ is not germane in that it applies· to that section in any way providing for protection against erosion on the banks of a river. Of course, soil erosion soil erosion. generally would not be within the jurisdiction of the Com Mr. CULKIN. If the Chair will turn to section 1 of this mittee on Rivers and Harbors, but it is conceded, and the bill he will find that it has reference to the carrying out of Chair thinks properly conceded, that erosion along the banks certain projects set forth in certain documents, and that of streams that are under consideration for improvement are the specifications and details set forth in~ particular docu properly within the jur~sdiction of the Committee on River ment are the improvement or betterment to navigation that and Harbors. The Chair therefore thinks the amendment is authorized. The subject matter of the gentleman,s is germane and overrules the poipt of order. amendment contains no such specifications. In other words, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I desire to be heard in it is not germane to this section, even remotely. . Might I : opposition to the amendment. We have here a proposition for suggest that the gentleman's amendment might be germane expenditures upon the Monongahela River. We do not know to the second section of this bill, _where surveys are pro what those expenditures will amount to. We have no report vided for. upon them. No report has been made by the engineers and Mr. FADDIS. We have already secured the surveys many submitted to Coniress. We are entirely in the dark so far t~es, but we have never obtained any results from the as the amendment is concerned. In regard to expenditures surveys. upon the Monongahela River, we have expended upon that Mr. CULKIN. In other words, the United States engi river already $47,789,057. Very few rivers in the United· neers have turned down the propasitions of these better- States have received so much money, and today it is in a ments? · finer state of improvement than any other river in the Mr. FADDIS. No; they never turned them down. A great United States. many of them have been approved, but· they have not been Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? carried out because of lack of funds. To illustrate, take the Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes. instance I mentioned where the street of a town was being Mr. FADDIS. I am not denying the superlative quality carried away, and also a public road. That was several years of the improvements that have been placed in there, but my ago, Because of lack of funds they came in there and drove amendment is to preserve those improvements because the some piling down to the water's edge, and deposited with eroded material is coustantly filling the channel of the hoists dredgings from the river, which is nothing more than river. It is entirely in line with the palicy of the com gravel, which will go away with the first high water. mittee. Mr. CULKIN. The engineers apparently accepted the Mr. MANSFIELD. That is all very true, and we are jurisdiction of this erosion? always willing and glad· to submit surveys or resolutions Mr. FADDIS. Yes; but what they placed in there was wherever any stream or its improvements are in danger, and absolutely valueless, because there is so much sulphur in that have the matter investigated and brought before Congress river that it will eat steel piling up in no time. in such a way that we may all be able to understand it. Mr. CULKIN~ I thought all the sulphur was in Texas. We now have 15 locks and dams on that river. It is under Mr. FADDIS. Oh, no. Not even a catfiSh can live in the a higher state of improvement today than any other river Monongahela River. in the world-not only in this country but in any country 5336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 on earth. It carries more tonnage, it is true. It has car am anxious to know whether or not under this. appropria ried as much as 28,000,000 tons in 1 year, and it is per tion of $800,000 it is possible to conduct further surveys to forming that service and performing it well, and no further determine the advisability of future appropriations or other expenditures are ·needed at this time, so far as we know. wise? Furthermore, the Public Works Administration is just Mr. MANSFIELD. I believe we ought to include a provi now completing a $12,000,000 project near the head of that sion for a survey of that· section of the river above Nash river, 4 miles above Grafton, W. Va., the Tygart River Dam, \ille in the bill, because the reports were made before the to increase the navigability of the river, which will also have creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, and that action an effect on the floods and currents in the river. I say this has very materially changed conditions as to the sale of amendment is entirely unnecessary at this time. power. As I have said, probably private interests would not · Mr. PARSONS. Will the gentleman yield? want to compete with the T. V. A. at a point so near to the · Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield. location of that river. . _ Mr. PARSONS. Is it not true that the Chief and the Mr. MITCHELL of Tennessee. With that statement on Board of Engineers has not passed upon this proposition, and the part of the chairman, which I greatly appreciate, do I that there are no projects in this bill except those that have understand that that is within the pw-vjew of the present· been approved by the Chief and the Board of Engineers? bill, and that it may be done? . · Mr. MANSFIELD. No other reports have come to Con Mr. MANSFIELD. We will be glad to accept that as a gress on this river. · committee amendment, if the gentleman from California Mr. PARSONS. And, therefore, for that reason, the [Mr. CARTER] will agree, and put in a survey for the river amendment should be voted down. above Nashville. Mr. MANSFIELD, ' Undoubtedly. · Mr. CARTER. I have no objection to a survey being Mr. MEAD. Will the gentleman yield? placed in the bill for the section of the Cumberland River Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield. above Nashville. Mr. MEAD. I think it is perfectly proper that a com . Mr. MI.TCHELL of Tennessee. I am grateful to the mem mittee of this Congress, dealing with work that is both engi bers of the committee. ·neering and construction, should have the valuable aid of The_CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ten the Board of Army Engineers; but it is not necessary that nessee [Mr. MITCHELL] has expired. we yield the supremacy and power of the Congress of the Mr. PARSONS. Mr. Chairman, I move that all debate on United States to a subordinate branch of the Government. section 1 and all amendments thereto 'close in 10 minutes. Even though they made a survey and their report be adverse, The tp.otion was agreed to. I still believe it is possible for us and proper for us to give Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I should like to ask our approval to such a project, if we believe it to be meritori the distinguished chairman of the committee whether or not ous. But I am in thorough accord with the committee within the last day or two a report has been received from illSofar as seeking the assistance and aid of the Board of the Chief and the Board of Engineers recommending a ·Army Engineers before making its decision. I still hold that small project in Boston Harbor? the committee should make the final decision, if, in their Mr. MANSFIELD. I will say the report was received this judgment, it is wise, even· though contrary to the Board of morning. We have not yet had time to examine it, nor has Engineers. it yet been printed, but it recommends the deepening to 40 feet of that part of the approach channel to the United [Here the gavel fell.] States Navy Drydock No. 3 between the main ship channel The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment and the United States harbor line, at a cost of $128,700. offered by the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FADDIS]. Mr. McCORMACK. May I ask of my friends, the chair- - The amendment was rejected. man of the committee and the distinguished gentleman from Mr. MITCHELL of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, I move to California [Mr. CARTER], the ranking minority member, if strike out the last word. In this report I notice that for the the committee would try to give this item consideration be Cumberland River there has been provided an appropria fore the bill passes the Senate, so that if the House commit tion of some $800,000. I should like to ask the Chairman of tee is agreeable, I may undertake to have that put into the the Committee on Rivers and Harbors if that includes both bill? the upper Cumberland and that portion south of Nashville? Mr. CARTER. I would be glad to cooperate to have that Is it for the entire Cumberland River? done. · Mr. MANSFIELD. The authorization recommended in Mr. MANSFIELD. We will be glad to do so. the bill is for the Cumberland River below Nashville. It is [Here the gavel fell.] .embraced in what is known as a " 308 " report, investigating Mr~ BOYLAN. Mr. Chairman, I wish to congratulate the rivers and harbors for various purposes. In former years House on having such an efficient Chairman of the Commit there were quite a great many improvements placed above tee on Rivers and Harbors as the gentleman from Texoo Nashville. They are dams of more or less obsolete type [Mr: MANSFIELD]. [Applause.] under present conditions of na.vigation. The Engineers, in This bill has shown the minute attention which the gentle ·reporting under Document 308, have recommended ·at this ·man has given to every detail. As has been exemplified time that nothing be done on the river above Nashville, but here this morning, the chairman is able to answer any that the improvements below Nashville should be included question about any project in this bill, and seems to know as being w-gent and necessary at this time. Now, there the matter intimat;dy. That is the type of man we want to was this situation in the case: At the time this report was preside over our committees. But I rose particularly to say made it was supposed that private interests would cooperate that I congratulate the chairman and the committee upon with the Government in placing power dams on the upper the allotments made for New York Harbor. I am greatly ·Cumberland. It was held in abeyance with the hope that interested in that port. It has the largest commerce of any ·they would do so, and thus contribute largely to the expense seaport in the world. Within the lines of my district, prac of improving the river. At this time, since the Tennessee tically 90 percent of the European passenger traffic that ·valley Authority has been created,. I do not know whether enters and leaves the port of New York, docks. We have or not private interests would want to install those dams just completed three immense piers, each 1,100 feet in length so near the Tennessee Valley power plants. and 200 feet wide, where we can berth the largest ships that Mr. MITCHELL of Tennessee. The chairman is aware of the world has yet built. the fact that recently there has been introduced a bill to These piers are situated at the foot of city streets, so that include the Cumberland River within the T. V. A. develop within 10 minutes after landing on a pier one can be within ment. That is pending before the Committee on Military the precincts of one's ho~l. From these piers, where there Affairs at this time. I am greatly interested in the CUmber is a depth of 40 feet of water, there is a channel approxi ·Jand River, especially the upper Cumberland section, and I mately 2,000 feet wide, extending all the way to Sandy 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD---HOUSE .5337 Hook and the ocean. The result ·of ·the -· work of the -com Mr. MANSFIELD. That resolution has been passed and mittee and their allotment of funds to us will' insure this sent to the Chief and Board of Engineers. Upon receipt of channel for the passenger and freight traffic of the world. their report we shall be pleased to consider it and take such This passageway is in the lordly Hudson that sweeps majes action as we feel is justified. tically to the seai. Mr. CITRON. On March ·13, 1935, I appeared before this While we are proud of our port, yet the port of New York committee, which, upon my urgent request, passed a resolu does not belong to tis alone, it really is the port of the United tion authorizing the Board of Engineers for rivers and har States; it belongs to the entire country. While we, of the bors to review the reports of preliminary examination and empire city of the world, receive -with open arins and survey of New London Harbor authorized in the River and welcome those who -travel over the seven seas, we do so Harbor Act of July 3, 1930, with a view to determining representing not the city of New York or the State of New whether any modification in-the recommendation contained York, but representing the entire country. I know that all therein is advisable at the present time. I have already of you will be just as ·proud of the progress and development communicated this information to various interested parties of our port·as we ourselves are, because it is the port of these in Connecticut, particularly the business, manufacturing, great United States. labor, and farming interests in that section of my State. I Mr. MANSFIELD. And there are 554 miles of docks have likewise informed the railroads and others who might there. be interested. It is expected that the Board of Engineers Mr. BOYLAN. And as the chairman has reminded me, will hold hearings soon. Should the findings lead the Board we have surrounding the greater city approximately 554 to conclude a modification of . its previous recommendation miles of docks and wharves. In part of the city, particularly is desirable, it would mean the Board favors some improve in the Borough of Manhattan, where the- district I have ments. If this Board reports favorably for some public the honor to represent is located, the city owns the entire works in New London Harbor, I would respectfully ask the water front. We have a wide marginal street. We have not esteemed chairman whether in his opinion, funds might be yielded our water front to railroads. On the Staten Island allotted from the Public Works Administration for this shore we have 2 miles of docks known as the " Stapleton purpose? Docks" where· the largest ships in the world can find safe Mr. MANSFIELD. I am not in position .to say what the anchorage. We welcome the day that sees the return of Public Works Administration will do; that will have to go to our foreign trade, when every one of these docks of the "city the President; but I hope they · will see it in the light the will be occupied by vessels bringing products in to us and gentleman sees it. taking away our own surplus products, both of agriculture Mr. MEAD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? and manufacture, because this means a renewed and a Mr. CITRON. I yield. greater prosperity for our beloved land. Mr. MEAD. I would like to ask if the Public Works Ad So, again, I compliment the House on having such an ministration later will approve projects that have not been able, such an efficient, and such a competent chairman of approved by the Board of Engineers and by the gentleman's this great committee as the distinguished gentleman from committee? Is there a possibility that they will take ~m Texas [Mr. MANSFIELD]. [Applause.] such projects as are not approved by the gentleman's com ' Mr. · CITRON. Mr. Chairman, I desire also to commend mittee and by the Board of Engineers? the committee, its able clerk, Mr. McGann, and its very Mr. MANSFIELD. It has been done. efficient and capable chairman, the gentleman from Texas, Mr. MEAD. I was wondering if there is still that possi- the Honorable JOSEPH J. MANSFIELD, for its excellt~nt report bility. - . on this fair and all-inclusive bill, which is national in scope. Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes; there is that possibility; they have I am particularly pleased because of the just considera full power. tion shown my own State of Connecticut. This bill author Mr. MEAD. Then, the gentleman from Connecticut has izes five large projects in Connecticut, and only one of these that avenue open to him? is conditional upon prior action by private, municipal, or Mr. MANSFIELD. Certainly. State enterprises before any _undertaking by the Federal Mr. CITRON. I thank the chairman for the information. Government. This particular project is the tremendous At thiS point I insert a copy of the report o{ this com- plan of making the Connecticut River navigable between mittee on the Thames River: · Hartford, Conn., and Holyoke, Mass., and is dependent upon THAMES RIVER, CONN. action by private or municipal interests in connection with Rivers and Harbors Committee Doc. No. 18, 74th Cong. the building of a dam at Enfield, Conn. The ·Thames River ls a tidal estuary extending northward from The Thames River project particularly pleases me. The Long Island Sound at New London, Conn. Under the existing project a channel 25 feet deep and 200 feet wide to Allyns Point. bill authorizes improvements at an estimated cost of $820,000 a distance of 6 miles, thence a channel 18 feet deep and 200 feet to that part of the Thames River extending from New Lon wide to Norwich, a further distance of 6 miles, has been provided. don to Norwich, Conn. Next to the Connecticut River this The commerce averages over 400,000 tons annually. It consists of is the most-important tributary in my State. It means a coal, petroleum, lumber, and miscellaneous freight. Norwich is the business center of an area which produces annually over great deal to the eastern section of the State, which is both $100,000,000 worth of manufactured products. Much of the ton a farming and manufacturing region, · and I know it will nage destined for this area is now carried in deep-draft tonnage mean much to the cities of Norwich and New London when to New London or Allyns Point, where it is transshipped by barge, rail, or truck. The bill provides for the extension of the 25-foot the authorized projects are finanY completed. channel from Allyns Point to Norwich. The estimated cost is < Incidentally, the committee and its chairman believe that $820,000, with an increase of $5,000 per annum in the annual cost each and every one of the authorized public works on rivers of maintenance. and harbors mentioned in its bill is so meritorious as to The above report and the several reports on the other deserve the receipt of an allotment from the Public Works projects briefly review the plans and recommendations of Administration. this committee. - I also desire to call attention to the fact Mr.-Chairman, I want to ask the distinguished chairman that this bill includes the project on the upper Connecticut of the committee a few questions. On page 10 of the report River between Hartford, Conn., and Holyoke, Mass., the re of the Rivers and Harbors Committee the Thames River port upon which is as follows: project is shown. It provides $820,000 for dredging from CONNECTICUT RIVER BETWEEN HARTFORD, CONN., AND SPRINGFIELD AN!l Allyn's Point, New London, to Norwich. Does it include any . HOLYOKE, MASS. - work in the New London Harbor? (H. Doc. 27, 73d Cong.) Mr. MANSFIELD. No; it does not. Projects heretofore adopted hav_e provided a channel 12 feet deep and 100 feet wide to Hartford. Under the River and Harbor Mr. CITRON. But the committee has passed a resolution Act of 1930 the extension of this channel to Holyoke, ·a distance of upon which there will be a hearing to see if anything should 32% miles, was authorized on ·condition that private ·interests be done in New London Harbor. would construct a. lock and dam at Enfield Rapids. At the tima LXXIX--337 saas· CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE ' APRIL 9 the· project was adopted- the.. Norlhern Corinecilcut Power do.· was petroleum products, and building material. Because of the in licensed by the Federal Pawer Com.mission to construct a dam and creasing size o! the barges used in the transportation of these modern power w-0rks at this locality, but no construction work has commodities, it is proposed to improve this harbor as follows: been done, and the license was terminated by the Com.mission. Modify the existing project so _a.s to provide an entrance channel The.provi15ion in the bill modifies the condition precedent in the 15 feet deep and 200 feet wide; for a. channel in West Branch existing project so as to provide fox the construction of the ·said 15 feet deep and 125 feet wide; for enlargement of the basin at lock an-d dam by State, municipal, or private interests under the head of the branch by dredging to the same depth and of license issued by the Federal Power Comm1sslon. such widths as to exclude extensive rock excavation along the northeast side of the basin; and for dredging and anchorage area Now, with regard to the Connecticut River between Hart north of buoy no. 6 and east of the entrance channel 8 feet deep. ford and Holyoke, can the chairman tell me how much is Estimated cost, $186,000 for new work and $8,400 annually for estimated will be expended to dredge the river from Hart maintenance, provided that the anchorage area shall be dredged only after local interests contribute one-ha.It of the first cost ford,. Conn., to Holyoke, Mass., providing as a condition thereof. precedent some private concern or the State would build a dam at Enfield, Conn., as your report explains? Mr. PARSONS. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent Mr. MANSFIELD. I will say to the gentleman that in a that the reading of section 2 be dispensed with, but that former rivers and harbors bill a project was adopted for that this section be printed in the RECORD at this point. Every section of the river conditioned· upon certain i;hings being body is familiar with the section. done by local interests. The local interests have not yet The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection to the request of the complied with those terms, consequently the War Depart gentleman from Illinois? ment is not authorized by law to proceed until they are com There was no objection. plied with, unless the gentleman by resolution has it re- Potomac River. Bayou Rigaud, La. · Channels to Lake Ogleton and· Walnut Lake, Anne Arundel Bayou Sennette, La. County, Md. Waterway from ·White Lake to Pecan Island, La. · Farm Creek, Md. Waterway from the Intracoastal Waterway, by way of the Little Creek, Queen Annes County, Md. Florence Canal, to Gueydan, Vermilion Parish, La. Little Island Creek, Talbot County, Md. Bayou St. John, La. Head of Northeast River, Md. Houma-Terrebonne Ship Canal, La:. Channel in Southeast Branch of Fox Creek, Dorchester County, Greens Bayou ~nd Pass Palacios (Cotton Bayou) , Tex. Md. Arroyo Colorado, Tex., from Llano Grande Lake to its mouth. Rockhall Harbor, Kent County, Md. At and in the vicinity of Lynns ·Bayou, Tex., including channel Broadwater Creek, Md. to deep water· connecting with the harbor basin at Port Lavaca in St. . Jeromes Creek, ~t. Marys. County, Md. Lavaca. Bay. Channel from George Island Landing, Md., to deep water in White River, Ark. Chincoteague Bay. Caney Creek, Grayson County, Ky. Waterway from Little Annemessex River to Tangier Sound, Md., · Lewis Creek, Ohio County, Ky. · by way of Cedar Creek, a land cut, and Flat Cap Creek. Grand Traverse Bay, Mich. Waterway between Cambridge Creek and Fishing Bay, by way of At mouth of Black River or Little Girls Point (Ohmans Creek), Little Blackwater River, Md. Gogebic County, Mich. _ Black. Walnut Harbor, Talbot County, Md. Big and Little Suamico Rivers, Wis. Channel at the entrance of the Claiborne-Annapolis Ferry at Pensaukee Harbor, Wis. · Matapeake, Md. . Fond du Lac Harbor and vicinity, Lake Winnebago, Wis. Jones Creek, Wicomico County, Md., and Nanticoke River at and' Waterway from Lake Michigan through Black Lake, by way of in the vicinity of Waterview. Zeeland, Hudsonville, and Jenison, to a point on Grand River near Waterway from Pocomoke River, at or near Snow Hill, Md., to Grandville, thence up Grand River to Grand Rapids, with a turn Chincoteague Bay. ing basin at Grand Rapids. Dague Run, Va. Cheboygan Harbor and Cheboygan River, Mich. Coan River, Va. Waiska River, Mich. Winter Harbor, Va. Crooked and Ind.tan Rivers, Mich. Occupacia Creek, Va. Naubinway Harbor, Mackinac County, Mich. Chincoteague Bay, with a view to establishing a harbor of refuge At or near Marblehead, Ohio, with a view to establishing a at Greenbackville and Franklin City, Accomac County, Va., and protection of adjoining shore from storm depredation. harbor. Inland waterway from Chesapeake Bay to Chincoteague Bay, Va. At or near Put-in-Bay, Ohio, with a view to establishing a. Onancock River, Va. harbor. Waters connecting Cherrystone Channel with Cape Charles, Va., Vermilion Harbor, Ohio. with a view to establishing a harbor of refuge at Cape Charles with Cattaraugus- Creek, N. Y. a minimum depth of 10 feet. Barcelona Harbor, N. Y. Channel from Pamlico Sound to Mill Creek, N. C. · Cayuga Creek and Little River, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Channel from deep water in Back Sound, N. C., through Shackle- Port Ontario Harbor, N. Y. .ford Banks, to deep water in Lookout Bight. · . Olcott Harbor, N. Y . . · Ashley River, S. C.: Municipal yacht basin and connecting chan- Redondo Beach .Harbor, Calif. ·nels. , Santa Monica Harbor, Calif. Waterway from the St. Johns River to the Kissimmee River, Fla., Palo Alto Harbor, San Francisco Bay, Calif. and thence to the Okeechobee Cross-Florida Canal Channel. Southampton Bay, Calif. Waterway from Banana River. to Mosquito Lagoon, Merritt Island, Richardson Bay, Calif. Fla. . Russian River, Calif. Waterway from the mouth of Tampa Bay, Fla., to the mouth of Old River, Calif. the Manatee River; thence up the Manatee River to approximately Alsea Bay, Oreg. its source; thence easterly to Fort Pierce Harbor. Yamhill River at Lafayette, Oreg. . St. Lucie, West Palm Beach, Hillsboro, North New River, and Columbia River, Oreg. and Wash., from Tongue Point to the sea. Miami Canals, Fla. Seaside Harbor, Oreg. Side channels or basins at Palm Beach, Courtenay, and Eau Columbia River, at and near Hammond, Oreg., with a view to Gallie, Fla., with a view to providing connections with the intra preventing erosion caused by the construction of the south jetty, coastal waterway. and providing a protected harbor near the mouth of said river. Clearwater Harbor, Fla., including Big Pass and Little Pass. Willamette River, Oreg., from Eugene to Springfield. Hillsboro Inlet, Broward County, Fla. Sandy River, near Troutdale, Oreg. New River Inlet and Sound, Fla. Trask Rt ver, O_reg. Sarasota Bay, Fla. Miami River, Oreg. Deepening of the present channel at the northeasterly end of Kilchus River, Oreg. Charlotte Harbor and Peace River from Punta Gorda, Fla., to Wilson River, Oreg. Cleveland, Fla. De Poe Bay, Oreg. Cut-off from Lemon Bay to Gulf of Mexico and the opening of Columbia River, Lake River, and Vancouver Lake, near Van· Lemon Bay for inland waterway purposes. couver, Wash. Channel beginning at terminal of Seaboard Airline Railway and Elokomin Slough, or River, Wash. extending through the Bay of Naples and adjacent waters to Gor Chehalis River, from the mouth of Skookumchuck River to the don's Pass and the jettying of -Gordon's Pass. Also inside route Grays Harbor County line, Wash. from Seaboard Airline Railway terminals through the Bay of Naples, Shelton Harbor, Wash. Dollar Bay, and adjacent waters to Big Marco Pass with the deepen Bethel Harbor, Alaska. ing of Little Marco Pass and the entrance of the pass into Rookery Douglas Harbor, Alaska. Bay. Haines Harbor, Alaska. Intracoastal waterway from the Caloosahatchee River to the Juneau Harbor, Alaska. Withlacoochee River, Fla., with a view to securing a waterway of Kake Harbor, Alaska. suitable dimensions, and for the purpose of affording suitable exit Metlakatla Harbor, Alaska. to the north for craft using the Okeechobee Cross-Florida Canal. Ship canal across Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Intracoastal waterway from Apalachicola Bay to the Withla- Sitka Harbor, Alaska. coochee River, Fla. Unalaska Harbor, Alaska. Keaton Beach, Taylor County, Fla. Valdez Harbor, Alaska. Keaton Beach Harbor, Fla. Skagway Harbor, Alaska. Carrabelle, Crooked, Ochlockonee Rivers, and Ochlockonee Bay, Aguad~lla Harbor, Puerto Rico. Fla. Guayanes Harbor, Yabucoa.. Puerto Rico. Wakulla River, Fla. St. Thomas Harbor, Virgin Islands, 5340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr Chairman, we have a number of "Sabine-Neches Waterway, Tex., with a view to constructing committee amendments. revetment work to retain the spoil deposited in Sabine Lake." The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the first com- The committee amendment was agreed to. mittee amendment. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 34. Page 25, line 12, strike out all of line 12. between lines 1 and 2, insert the following paragraphs: " Arkansas River, Ark. and Okla. The committee amendment was agreed to. "Black River, Ark. and Mo., and waterway connecting the Black River with the Mississippi River at or near Cape Girardeau. The Clerk read as fallows: "Hatchie River, Tenn. Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 25, "Obion and Forked Deer Rivers, and South Fork of Forked Deer strike out lines 8 to 25, inclusive; and on page 26, strike out lines River, Tenn. 1 to 5, inclusive, and insert in lieu thereof the following para "Cumberland River above Nashville, Tenn. graphs: "Ohio River below Ironton, Ohio, with a view to the construc- "Long Cove, Maine." tion of a dam." "Chandler River, Maine." "Ille au Haut Thoroughfare, Maine." The committee amendment was agreed to. The committee amendment was agreed to. The Clerk read as follows: Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 34, The Clerk read as follows: between lines 6 and 7, insert the following pa.re.graphs: Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 26, "At the mouth of Tobacco River near Gay, Mich., with a view line 6, strike out all of line 6: to providing a harbor of refuge for small vessels. " A ship canal connecting Lake Superior and Lake Michigan The committee amendment was agreed to. from Lake au Train in Lake Superior to Little Bay de Noc in The Clerk read as follows: Lake Michigan. Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 26, "At mouth of Black River and at Little Girl's Point (Ohman's between lines 16 and 17, insert the following paragraphs: Creek), Gogebic County, Mich. "Boston Harbor, Mass.: Navigable waters adjacent to the shores "With a view to establishing a harbor of refuge at Manitowoc of Winthrop and East Boston. and Two Rivers, Wis., and protection of adjoining shores from " The Merrimack River, Mass.: with a view to maki.ng the river storm depredation." navigable from Lowell to the sea. The committee amendment was agreed to. "Ash Creek, Conn." The Clerk read as follows: The committee amendment was agreed to. Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 34, The Clerk read as follows: between lines 23 and 24, insert the following paragraph: Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 26, "Rocky River Harbor, Ohio." between lines 21 and 22, insert the following paragraphs: The committee amendment was agreed to. "Providence River and Harbor, R. I. "Blackstone River, from Narragansett Bay at Providence, R. I .• The Clerk read as follows: to Worcester, Mass. Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 35, "New York State Barge Canal from Three Rivers Point to the after line 4, insert: city of Syracuse, N. Y." "Wilson Harbor, N. Y." The committee amendment was agreed to. The committee amendment was agreed to. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as fallows: Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: At the end of Committee amendment offered by Mr. :MANSFIELD: On pa.ge 35, page 28, insert the following paragraph: "Harbor at the mouth of between lines 2 and 3, insert the following paragraphs: Fishing Creek, .at the north end of Calvert County, Md." "Alexandria Bay Harbor, N. Y . The committee amendment was ·agreed to. · .. Morristown Harbor, N. Y." The Clerk read as follows; The committee amendment was agreed to. Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANsFIELD: On page 30, The Clerk read as follows: strike line 18 after line 17 and insert in lieu thereof the following: Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 36, "Lower Altamaha River at Darien Harbor. Ga." between lines 22 and 23, insert the following paragraphs: " Hilo Harbor, Hawaii. The committee amendment was agreed to. " Port Allen, Hawail." The Clerk read as follows: Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 30, The committee amendment was agreed to. between lines 15 and 16, insert the following paragraph: The Clerk read as follows: "Vandemere Harbor and Bay River at Oriental, N. C." Commlttee amendment offered by Mr. MANsFIELD: On page 36, The committee amendment was agreed to. after line 2, insert two new paragraphs, as follows : "Chetco Cove, Oreg. The Clerk read as follows: "Columbia River at Rainier, Oreg." Committee amendment offered by Mr. :MANsFIELD: On page 30, line 17, after the word " channels", strike the period, insert a The committee amendment was agreed to. comma, and add the following: "a.nd channel to the grounds The Clerk re~d as fallows: of the South Carolin.a Mllita.ry Academy (the Citadel)." Committee amendment offered by Mr. DONDERO: On page 34, The committee amendment was agreed to. between lines 15 a.nd 16, insert the following paragraphs: "New Buffalo Harbor, Mich. The Clerk read as follows: "Port Austin Harbor, Mich, Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 31, "Port Sanilac Harbor, Mich. between lines 4 and 5, insert the following paragraphs: "Fair Haven Harbor, Mich. "Melbourne Harbor and Crane Creek, Fla. " Port Huron Harbor, Mich. "Miami Harbor, Fla. "Clinton River, Mich. "Waterway from Ponce de Leon Springs to St. Johns River, Fla. "Detroit River, Mich, with a. view to provid1ng a navigation "An inlet or ship channel connecting the Atlantic Ocean with channel of suitable width and depth located entirely on the Amer the Intracoastal waterway at or near Eau Gallle, Fla. ican side of the river, and to provide a channel 200 feet wide "Channel from Oklawaha River into Lake Griffi.n, Fla." and 8 feet deep from deep water in Detroit River, in the vicinity of Grosse Isle Light, to deep water at Sugar Island, passing east The committee amendment was agreed to. of Grosse Isle and west of Stony Island." The Clerk read as follows: The committee amendment was agreed to. Committee amendment offered by Mr, MANSFIELD: On page 32, Mr. PARSONS. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent after line 24, insert the following: " Pascagoula Harbor and Horn Island Pass, Miss." that the various paragraphs may be placed in their proper order if there have been any mistakes made in the offering The committee amendment was agreed to. of the amendments as to lines and insertions. The Clerk read as follows: The CH.AIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: On page 33, gentleman from Illinois? between lines 18 and 19, insert the following paragraphs: " Franklin Canal, St. Mary Parish,· La. There was no objection. 1935 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5341 · Mr. DUFFEY of Ohio. Mr. Chairman,.! move to strike out land: it is the great North River of New York and the coun- t.he last word. try's most picturesque and beautiful and extremely impor- Mr. Chairman, at noon tomorrow, April 10, there will be a tant navigable waters. The bill will assure a widening of public hearing held in the city of Toledo, Ohio, by Maj. R. C. the channel at Edgewater, N. J., giving us a channel 750 Crawford, who is the United States district engineer, Corps feet wide and 30 feet deep. The project is absolutely neces of Engineers, War Department, and whose. office is 605 Federal sary for navigation on the New Jersey side of the Hudson. Building, Detroit. Besides, the bill incorporates the provisions of a bill intro- The purpose of this hearing tomorrow arises through the duced by me for a survey of a waterway from the Hudson, resolution of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and the at a point near Piermont, N. Y., to the headwaters of the authorized report that was made for the Toledo Harbor. The Hackensack River in New Jersey which runs parallel to and original report, dated June l, 1932, contemplated the deepen- not far distant from the Hudson River in my district. Such ing of the channel of the Maumee River in Toledo, and this a connecting link would give us an inland waterway, if hearing is with a view to determining the advisability of found feasible, from Newark Bay to the upper part of the modifying the existing project so as to provide for the con- North River, which, after it leaves New York City, is termed struction of a mooring basin. This mooring basin was not the Hudson. at first contemplated, but does come under the general terms Running parallel with the Hackensack to the west and a of the Toledo harbor original survey. few miles away is the Passaic River. This bill would pave the This survey or hearing is being held tomorrow in Toledo, way for dredging that river from the Eighth Street Bridge Ohio, and I want to ask the chairman of the committee, the in Wallington, which is in my district, to the Passaic.Bridge gentleman from Texas [Mr. MANSFIELD], whether or not, at Garfield, improving that river. There is no provision for a because this is a modification, it is necessary that a report canal connecting the Passaic with the Hackensack. Perhaps be made by Maj. R. C. Crawfprd and approved by the that will come later, affording ideal waterways for a great Engineer Corps of the War Department before the mooring section of this country. basin can be considered as coming under the terms of this These waterways when completed will add materially to present legislation. Is the gentleman familiar with the our national defense; they will likewise give sustenance to situation? a great industrial area of the United States. Mr. l\!ANSFIELD. In reply to the gentleman from Ohio, I The people of my district, progressive people, are· now also may my that the regillar course is for the district engineer advocating a system of rapid transit through the area to be to make his report on the investigation of which the hearing affected by these waterways. There is a plan now proposed i·eferred to is a part, and it will follow the ~egular co~se of and urged for a rapid transit that would leave New York procedure and come to _the Bo~rd and Chief ?f Engi?eers City running across the Hudson to Hackensack, the county and ~he final results, ~1th therr :ecommendations, 'Yill be seat of Bergen, to Paterson, county seat of Passaic, thence s~bm1tted to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors m due · to Newark, the seat of Essex County, and thence running time. . to Jersey City, Hudson County seat, and then under the Hud- Mr. DUFFEY of. O?-io. Does the ~entlema~ from ~exas son again to lower New York. ~nderstand t~a.t this lS not a _new proJect, but is a modifica- The prediction of Alexander Hamilton may soon be ful tion of the or1gmal survey w~1ch has already been approved? filled for this unsurpassed part of our country. Hamilton, MM~· MAND SFIELD. ~at is t:ue. . a man of vision, avowed that some day a greater metropolis . · UFFEY. of Ohio. So,. if they recommend a modifi- would come into being on the west bank of the Hudson ~ation or even ~ they made it supp~emental or additional, greater than the great metropolis of New York. It seems pre- 1t :vould_be possible, by amendment m the Senate, to have destined that this will come to pass. this proJect approved? . Mr. MANSFIELD. If they make their recommendation Alexander Harmlton, the greatest Secret~ry of the Treas- and it is favorable and comes in before this bill passes the ury, ~efore and after the ~atest_ Secretarie~ of the Treas Senate, the gentleman from Ohio can have every oppor- ury smce Alexander Hamilt~n, hit ul?Dn this p~rt of New tunity to have it presented for approval to the Committee Jersey as the center of all mdustry _m the Umted States. on Commerce of the senate as an amendment to the bill. There were .r:asons that appealed to ~m. It was well popu- Mr. DUFFEY of Ohio. I thank the gentleman. la~ed-proVISions there :vere plentiful and reasonably Mr. MEAD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? priced. The State had httle external commerce,. scarcely Mr. DUFFEY of Ohio. 1 yield. ~ny waste lands to be settled, and the people were friendly to Mr. MEAD. I have asked the gentleman to yield so that mdustry.. . . I may ask the chairman a question. A hearing was held in Immediately a~ter tI>:e Revolution.a~ w_ar :e;armlton de Buff alo a few days ago on a matter similar to the one just clared that, ~avmg ga~ed our polit1~al. mdependence, we brought to our attention by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. shoul~ forthwith establlSh our eco~ormc u:~dependenc_e. He DUFFEY]. The report has not yet arrived at the Board of contributed to the la~ter by proposmg two courses: First, to Engineers. It has to do with the improvement of the Buffalo inst~ct our people .m ~anufactures, _and,. sec.and, to pass River and the inner harbor. If this report should be favor- effective ~deral legisl~t10n. I~ was his obJ~ctive ~o supply able, will it receive the same consideration as the gentleman the domestic mar~et wi~h the aid of a protective tariff and to from Texas has suggested to the gentleman from Ohio? follow through with a bid for world trade. Mr. MANSFIELD. Certainly; there is no question about Selecting the northern part of New Jersey for the great that. industrial community of our country, he caused a corpora- Mr. KENNEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the tion to be formed under an act of the State of New Jersey to pro forma amendment. carry on industrial enterprises in which he interested men Mr. Chairman, this bill is broad in scope and one which of importance of that time. Accordingly in 1791 New Jersey should commend itself to the approval of the country. Per- granted a charter for the Society for Establishing Useful sonally, I am deeply indebted to the chairman of the com- Manufactures. "S. U. M." it was commonly called. The mittee, one of the finest gentlemen of this House, and to the capital of the company was $500,000, divided into 5,000 shares members of the committee for listening graciously to the of $100 each. pleas of those interested in the matters set forth in this In writing of this great plan, Hamilton had this to say: bill. When application shall be made for an act of incorporation it The bill affects the area I represent. But the propositions ought to include a request that provision may be made for incor for the area provided for are not local. They are of Federal porating the inhabitants of the district within a certain de.fined limit which wm be chosen by the company as the principal seat consequence and importance. of their factories, and a further request that the company may While the Hudson River courses the easterly boundaries have permission to institute a lottery or lotteries in each year for of my congressional district where the palisades begm· and a term of 5 years for a sum or sums not exceeding in 1 year $100,000. The State of New Jersey, if duly sensible of its interest in the the George Washington Bridge joins New: York to the main- measure, will not refuse encouragement of this nature. • • • 5342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 The lottery will answer two purposes. It will give a tempore.ry Mr. PARSONS. Mr. Chairman, I move that a.11 debate on command of money, and the profit arising from it will go toward this section and all amendments thereto close in 7 minutes. indemnifying for first unproductive efforts. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois moves This comes from the greatest Secretary of the Treasury that all debate on this section and all amendments thereto this country has ever known, Alexander Hamilton, whom all close in 7 minutes. Secretaries of the Treasury have emulated. The motion was agreed to. Now, Mr. Chairman, at Edgewater on the Hudson are Mr. WILCOX. Mr. Chairman, I rise for the purpose of located many of the most important industries of the coun asking the chairman of the committee, Mr. MANSFIELD, two try. I might mention same: National Sugar Refining Co., questions. On page 9, in section 1, the committee has re Ford Motor Co., Corn Products Co., Spencer-Kellogg Co., ported a provision for Lake Worth Inlet, Fla. That is based Valvoline Oil Co., General Chemical Co., Lever Bros., Col on a report by the Chief of Engineers which was submitted gate & Co., Archer Daniels Midland Co., and Aluminum Co. 2 ye~s ago. I am glad that item is in the bill, because it of America. Navigation along the river front used by these sanctions what has already been done. Since that time, industries is obstructed and the channel is badly in need of however, the Public Works Administration has allocated dredging at the present time. Some of these companies funds for this improvement, and now under a survey which have expended large amounts of money doing their own the committee ordered by subsequent resolution the district dredging, and the Government has done some; but owing and division engineers have recommended an additional im to a peculiar current, caused perhaps by the New York tower provement which is now pending before the Board of Engi of the George Washington Bridge, the silt, which is removed neers and awaiting the recommendation of the Chief of by a suction process and discharged farther out in the river, Engineers. finds its way back into the channel. Last summer, when In the event that the new proposal of the district and divi the members of the Bergen County Woman's Democratic sion engineers has the approval and recommendation of the Organization, Inc., wished to conduct a boat ride up the Board and of the Chief of Engineers, will the committee give Hudson, none of these companies had a pier where the water further consideration to that report, and if found to be was deep enough to dock except the Ford Motor Co. Mr. proper have it included in the bill in the same manner that Henry Ford granted permission for the use of his dock to the ~entleman from Texas. the chairman, has said it would the ladies, and he has their everlasting gratitude and mine. do with other recommendations? This is some indication of the necessity of permanent dredg Mr. MANSFIELD. The committee will be glad to do so. ing there. However, my information is that the Public Works Adminis The total commerce of the frontage involved is large. tration has allotted more money for the project than was The drafts of boats trading at this point varies from 247'2 contemplated. The channel was to be 16 feet, and they have to 29 feet. The River and Harbor Act of 1925 authorized made it 20. a channel 30 feet deep and 750 feet wide on certain condi tions. The improvement of the channel is warranted with Mr. WILCOX. The improvement has been extended be yond that. But this was done by public-works money after out further assurances or conditions, and this bill under the filing of the original report. Since then the commerce takes to care for this. of the port has increased to the point that the district engi [Here the gavel fell.] neer and the division engineer have recommended that the Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Chairman, I offer an amendment. channel be deepened to 24 feet. It is this new proposal The Clerk read as follows: which I hope will be approved by the Board and later put Amendment offered by Mr. FADDIS: Page 34, between lines 1 and into this bill by the committee. 2, insert the following paragraph: "That portion of the Monongahela River in the State o! Penn Now, one other question. In the River and Harbor Act of sylvania with the view of determining what provisions can be 1930, I think it was, there was a provision that the Chief of made to prevent the erosion of the banks and the destruction cf Engineers could expend up to a thousand dollars in his dis valuable property and the consequent filling of the channel by deposition from the erosion." cretion developing side channels and other improvements adjacent to or connecting navigable waters. Is there any Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Chairman, just a word to explaill this thing in this bill which will interfere with the provisions of amendment. Mr. BERLIN and Mr. SNYDER, whose districts that act, or with the exercise of that discretion by the Chief join mine along this river, and myself have appointed a of Engineers? committee to aid in securing an allotment of funds from the Public Works appropriation to carry out these needed Mr. MANSFIELD. Nothing that I know of. protections, and this survey will aid us in this matter. We Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Chairman, I desire to say a word in would like to have a survey of the banks of the river, as support of the amendment just adopted, offered by my col· the amendment states, to prevent the destruction of private league from Pennsylvania [Mr. FADDIS]. property and to prevent the deposit of eroded matter in the My district borders on the Monongahela River. Just this river channel, which fills up and interferes with navigation morning I received a letter from my State saying that the during low water. river had backed up to such an extent that the concrete road The Monongahela Valley has been made a great artery of was covered to a depth of 4 feet, and they could not use it commerce and has developed the coal and steel industry for 2 or 3 days, or until the water subsides. at the expense of the taxpayers of the Nation. Why should Since these locks are built we must maintain them. . How the tonnage moved upon this or any other river maintained ever, we should at the same time riprap the river banks and by public money not pay sufficient tolls to maintain the build such walls as necessary along the Monongahela River river in a state suitable for use? Why should the tax in order to keep the :floods from destroying many homes each payers furnish improvements on a river for competition year. Not only the homes but thousands of dollars' worth of with railroads which consume such large quantities of steel property are destroyed each year because the river banks are and coal and employ so much more labor in proportion? not properly protected. Now I am asking that something be done for the poor I am not in favor of the Government building any more property owner who is having valuable property taken away, locks, unless they are placed on a self-liquidating basis. In becaiuse of the erosion of the banks of the river caused by other words, ii we would charge so much a ton for the the locks and dams, in the interest of navigation. I know freight that goes over the locks built by the Government we of the interest of the distinguished chairman of this com could then replenish the Treasury for the amounts expended mittee in navigation and protection of property, and I sin in building the locks. cerely hope he will approve of my amendment. The building of the locks on the Monongahela River, for Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I see no objection to instance, threw thousands of railroaders and other men out the adoption of the amendment. of employment. It seems to me that in making these im The CHAIRMAN. The question is on \he amendment provements and adjustments we should keep in mind that offered by the gentleman from Pennsylva.Dia. we must put our men back to work and keep them at work The amendment was agreed to. if we are going to have stable prosperity. 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORP-. HOUSE 5343 I hope, Mr. Chairman, that this particular amendment Mr. CONNERY. Mr. Chairman, take the navigable waters will be kept in the bill in the Senate and that we may have adjacent to the communities of Winthrop and East Boston, this survey as soon as possible. where we see in the moving pictures the waters surge in and Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I have a very deep demolish homes and destroy the breakwater and tear up interest in the Monongahela River. I have a sister and sev streets along the shore line. Has the United States Govern eral other quite near relatives living on the banks of that ment the power to do anything to prevent that property river, and I feel almost as much interest in it as the gentle damage on the shore, or is the United States Government man himself. confined to navigable waters? Mr. SNYDER. My friend from Buffalo said the Nation Mr. MANSFIELD. If it affects navigation, we have juris spent quite a bit of money on the Monongahela River to diction. If it does not affect navigation, it would doubtless date. I know we spent $15,760,000 to build the 10 locks, come under the regular category of beach erosion. We but since it carries a greater tonnage of freight than any caused an investigation to be made into those matters in the other one river in the United States, and since the locks are river and harbor bill of 1930. A beach erosion board has already built, we must care for the homes and property been appointed and acts in conjunction with the Chief of along the shores. Engineers. They have submitted reports on a great many Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I am keenly interested in matters of this kind. No provision has been made as yet the lower Detroit River, that portion that has been pointed for :financing these matters. out to the distinguished Chairman of the Committee on Mr. PARSONS. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent Rivers and Harbors, which lies east of Grosse Isle and the that those who have spoken on the bill yesterday and today mainland. I have directed an inquiry to the Committee on shall have 3 legislative days in which to extend their remarks. Rivers and Harbors to find out whether the survey would be The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? possible in order that sometime in the future we might ask There was no objection. an appropriation for what we believe to be a much-needed Mr. CITRON. Reserving the right to object, I suggest that improvement to benefit the heavy industries located there. the gentleman include in his request permission to include There is provision in this bill allowing $17,000 for the dredg extracts which someone may want to include, from reports. ing of a shoal by making a channel 21 by 300 feet. Does Mr. PARSONS. We cannot do that except by the gentle the gentleman think that 21 feet would be sufficient? man's own remarks. We should confine this extension to the Mr. MANSFIELD. When was that provided for? gentleman's own r~marks. Mr. DINGELL. In this bill before the committee, but The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the the dredging allowed for is only 21 feet. The general plan gentleman from Illinois [Mr. PARSONS]? followed on the Lakes is to allow for 26 feet on the new There was no objection. Livingstone Channel, and this limitation would permit ships Mr. CITRON. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to of only limited draft to enter the all-American channel, and revise and extend my own remarks and to also include some it would not be of any particular relief, as I see it. extracts from the report of the Committee on Rivers and Mr. FADDIS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Harbors. . Mr. DINGELL. Yes. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? Mr. FADDIS. It has been my experience with navigation There was no objection. on streams that no sooner do you construct a channel for Mr. BUCK. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to a boat of a certain draft than they begin to build a boat of revise and extend my own remarks on this bill. a much greater draft, and call for a deeper channel. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. DINGEI.J... In this instance that is not so, because There was no objection. we measure the draft of the ships on the Great Lakes by Mr. BUCK. Mr. Chairman, since all the navigable rivers the depth of the Livingstone Channel, which is a hard-rock within the State of California, with the exception of the channel, which is being dredged to 26 feet. I should like to upper reaches of the Sacramento River and a few small see this particular channel which I refer to dredged to 26 creeks, lie within the territorial limits of the Third Con feet. gressional District, which I have the honor to represent, it Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, the depth for boats of is only natural that I should be particularly interested in 24 feet draft was intended for boats bound down channel. legislation proposed by the Rivers and Harbors Committee They are loaded with ore and require a greater draft than of the House. This bill is the first general river and harbor boats loaded with coal or wheat or other commodities. If bill to be seriously considered by the House since 1930. this is on the main channel where the down-bound traffic Many changes in the conditions of both rivers and harbors goes, of course, it should be of corresponding depth. have since taken place. Trade currents have changed; new Mr. DINGELL. It is so stated that it would provide for ports even have been developed. It is high time, therefore, down-bound ships. that such a bill be considered and passed. Mr. MANSFIELD. Is the channel now used by those I desire to compliment the committee, and its chairman in ships? particular, for the thorough study that-they have given the Mr. DINGELL. It is not being used for entry from the projects embraced in this bill. Each project included in north, but ships do go around Grosse Isle and back up section l, which authorizes the prosecution of works of im north after making a dangerous turn. provement under the direction of the Secretary of War, has Mr. MA..~SFIELD. We might have to authorize a survey been recommended by the Chief of Army Engineers and his to determine that. . board, and has then been thoroughly and painstakingly re Mr. DINGELL. Will this resolution which was passed by viewed in hearings before the committee itself. the Committee really provide for a survey to be made on that Some of these projects have already received allotments so-called " all-American channel? " from the Public Works Administration. In my district the Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes. I am informed that is what it is. Public Works Administration early allotted $1,158,347.99 to Mr. DINGELL. That it positively covers a survey being deepen the San Joaquin River and Stockton Channel to a. made on which the engineers would report and then subse depth of 30 feet at mean lower low water and to widen the quently we could make a request for a suitable appropria channel bottom to 150 feet above Venice Island, and to a tion? width of 300 feet below. Part of this sum was also used to Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes. modify the then existing project for Suisun Bay Channel to Mr. DONDERO. That is included on page 21 of the bill. provide a 300-foot width and 30-foot depth at mean lower Mr. CONNERY. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent low water through Bulls Head Point, Point Edith, and Middle to address the Committee for 1 minute to ask the chairman Ground Shoals to the mouth of New York Slough. This of the committee a question. work has already been completed and it may appear that it The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? is surplusage to include an authorization in this bill for work There was no objection. already done. The committee, however, has wisely felt that 5344- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 in order to provide for the permanent maintenance of this Central Valley water project. Behind it will be stored the project and all others undertaken with public-works funds, wiriter supply of :flood waters that now goes wastefully to that they should be specifically authorized by act of Con the sea, and this water will be used to maintain a stable and gress. The enactment of this legislation will now give the increased flow down the river. It will be used to release the authority of Congress to the maintenance of the Suisun Bay water of the San Joaquin and its tributaries for irrigation Channel and San Joaquin-Stockton Channel in their revised purpases in the San Joaquin Valley. The dam will help and present form. solve the problem of flood control, which has alwaiys been The bill also authorizes the improvement of Napa River by present along the Sacramento, and toward which the Federal increasing the depth of the channel from 6 to 8 feet with in Government is now contributing. It will prevent the in creased widths at the bends in the river. The report upon trusion of salt water into the ·lower Sacramento and the San· which this authorization is based requires certain coopera Joaquin Delta, and it will assure free and open passage for tion by local interests. No expense is to be incurred by the the highly important navigation through the delta. United States for the acquiring of any lands required by Full investigation and complete hearings were held before the improvement. The lands referred to are those necessary the Board of Army Engineers, and they have 1,lilanimously for straightening out certain of the more severe bends in the reported that the Government is justified in making this river. It is interesting to note that approximately 54 percent contribution. Those of us who have been active in pressing of the total commerce of Napa Valley moves normally by way the cause of the Central Valley water project, therefore, hail of this river. The annual tonnage is approximately 200,000 the passage of this bill as the first concrete evidence of our tons, and in the year of 1934, with the increased movement ultimate success. of crushed rock for the San Francisco Bay bridges, this ton While I have two bills before the Flood Control Committee, nage was greatly increased. When effective, it is estimated on which hearings have been held, which are designed to that there will be an annual savings due to the improvement have Congress make direct appropriations Bind loans for of $15,000. The cost, according to the engineer's report, the completion of this project, I am very hopeful with the will be $62,500. passage of the works-relief bill, that when the new admin .. The bill also carries an authorization to provide a chan istrative set-up for the huge sums that we have voted is nel 9 feet deep and 100 feet wide in Middle River, San completed, an allocation may be secured directly from the Joaquin County, below Borden Highway Bridge in Latham public-works money, which, added to this $12,000,000, will Slough and in Empire cut, Whiskey Slough, and Turner enable ai start to be made at once. To that end the entire Cut between Middle River and San Joaquin River at an California delegation is bending every effort, knowing that estimated cost of $6,500. The tonnage on this waterway, the success of this project is necessary for the preservation part of the San Joaquin River delta, amounts to in excess of our existing orchards and farms and for the final and best of 260,000 tons annually, commodities transported being development of the State as a whole. principally sugar beets, potatoes, and other vegetables. Mr. Chairman, I repeat that the representatives of the In addition to these three river improvements, the bill citizens of Caliiornia, interested in her welfare, are grateful authorizes the Secretary of War to cause preliminary ex to you for these provisions in the bill you have presented. amination and survey to be made of two other projects in The Clerk read as follows: Old the Third District. The first is a survey of River, San SEC. 4. That when any land whicn has been heretofore or may be Joaquin County, Calif. Old River is another one 'Of the hereafter purchased or acquired for the improvement of rivers and delta waterways, and its navigability is partially maintained harbors is no longer needed, or is no longer serviceable, it may be sold in such manner as the Secretary of War may direct, and any by the Federal Government under present laws, but it has moneys received from such sale shall be deposited in the Treasury never been classed as an authorized project and hence the to the credit of miscellaneous receipts. · · amount of money available for actual maintenance is limited to $1,000 per year. Along Old River, Grant Line Canal, and Mr. GIFFORD. :Mr. Chairman, I had expected there_ the canal running from the latter to the sugar plant north would be a committee amendment, but in the absence of it. of Tracy, a very considerable tonnage of sugar beets is now I will off er an amendment. transported. Additional quantities of barley, onions, pota The Clerk read as follows: toes, and other vegetables are available and will be trans Amendment offered by Mr. GIFFORD: On page 37, line 11, after ported over this route if the survey report is favorable to the word" of," insert the word" canals" and a comma. further improvement and the project authorized later. Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Chairman, I do not think there is The bill also calls for a survey of Southe.mpton Bay, a any objection to the amendment, but, lest there be objection, natural deep-water harbor, which lies between the cities of this bill was not allowed a privileged status because the word Benicia and Vallejo. Development of this harbor would " canals " was in the bill, not included in rivers and harbors. effect a very considerable saving in transportation to pro Of course, we know that in the purchase of canals much ducers of all kinds of horticultural and agricultural products land has been acquired which is absolutely useless to the in that great region of California lying north of San Pablo Government and should be sold. The simple addition of Bay clear to the Oregon line. In addition thereto, a con this word " canal " should, I think, be made. siderable amount of manufaetured products would be avail Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairma~ I have no particular able if this project is authorized. It has long been the objection to the amendment, if it should be deemed neces .. dream of the citizens of Vallejo that this development should sary. We have consulted the War Department and the War be undertaken. Preliminary examination and reports by Department construes this as already being included. They engineers have been made, financed by the county of Solano, furthermore state that they do not anticipate any lands in and are now available. It is hoped that the survey by the connection with the Cape Cod Canal, at lea.st, will be sold. Board of Army Engineers may find this project feasible. Mr. GIFFORD. May I answer that? In relation to this But by far the most important item in the entire bill, not canal the Government forced the private company which only from the viewpoint of the 'Third Congressional District, built the canal to give up all lands owned by it. It included but from that of the State of California as a whole, is the a large area where it was first contemplated the canal might authorization for the improvement of the Sacramento River be dug. Certainly there is a large area that never would as outlined in Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. be used for the present location of the canal. 35 of the Seventy-third Congress. While a portion of this In talking with others on the parliamentary procedure authorization goes to the improvement of the Sacramento, this bill could not have a privileged status because the word to provide a depth of 6 feet between Sacramento and Colusa, " canal " was in there. I wanted to make it perfectly clear and 5 feet between Colusa and Chico Landing, the great that this land could be disposed of in the same manner as bulk of the authorization, $12,000,000, will be a Federal other land contiguous to rivers and harbors. Government contribution toward the construction of Ken Mr. MANSFIELD. I do not believe the amendment is nett Dam, 315 miles above the mouth of the Sacramento necessary, but still I have no objection to it. If it will clar.. River. Kennett Dam will be the principal factor in the ify the matter, we might just as well adopt it. 1935 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5345 The CHAffiMAN. The question is on the amendment of and parallel to the west line of the southeast quarter of sec [Mr. tion 25, township 39 north, range 13 east, third principal meridian, offered by the gentleman from Massachusetts GIFFORDL in the city of Chicago, Ill., is hereby declared to be a nonnavigable The amendment was agreed to. stream within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of the The Clerk read as fallows: United States. SEC. 5. That any amounts collected from defaulting contractors The right to alter, amend, or repeal this section is hereby ex or t heir sureties under contracts entered into in connection with pressly reserved. river and harbor or flood-control work prosecuted by the Engineer Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I offer a committee Department, whether collected in cash or by deduction from amounts otherwise due such contractors, hereafter shall be cred amendment. . ited in each case to the appropriation under which the contract The Clerk read as follows: was made. Committee amendment offered by Mr. MANSFIELD: Page 38, after the word "meridian" in line 10, strike out "and the east line of Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last South California Boulevard, being a line 283 feet east of and par word for the purpose of inquiring of the chairman or some allel to the west line of the southeast quarter of section 25 " and other member of this committee whether it is possible, insert in lieu thereof the following: "and a line 1,300 feet east previous to the adoption of the treaty between this country of and parallel to the west line of section 30 (section line in South Western Avenue)"; and after the word " Illinois " in line 14 insert and Canada, for anything further to be done in the way of the following: " as the same now exists or may hereafter be surveys which may expedite action in the development of extended.'' the St. Lawrence waterway when that treaty is ratified? Mr. SNELL. Would the chairman yield to me for a The committee amendment was agreed to. moment? The Clerk read as follows: SEC. 8. That the pier constructed along the west coast of Lake Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield to the gentleman from New Huron, Mich., at Greenbush, Mich., by Carl E. Schmidt, of Oscoda, York. Mich., be, and the same is hereby,. legalized to the same extent Mr. SNELL. Mr. Chairman, I am very glad the gentle and with like effect as to all existing or future laws and regula man from Wisconsin [Mr. HuLLl has asked that question, tions of the United States as if the permit required by the existing laws of the United States in such cases made and provided had because I am very much interested in that whole proposi been regularly obtained prior to the construction of said pier. tion, as the international section where all this work is to That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby ex take place is in mY district. pressly reserved. As far as I know, the House of Representatives has done Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I noticed that everything in its power toward making the St. Lawrence in the interchange of words between the gentleman from waterway complete in every respect. As the gentleman Wisconsin and the gentleman from New York, the gentle knows, we have already authorized, and the work has been man from New York explained the virtues of the St. Law completed, a 27-foot channel from Lake Ontario down to rence waterway very much to my satisfaction, and I was Ogdensburg. That is the main part of the international glad that these remarks came from so distinguished a source, section. I think everything in connection with this water a gentleman recognized as one of the foremost leaders of way that has ever come before the House of Representatives the Republican Party in the United States of America. has been done with the ultimate end in view of completing The peculiar thing about it, however, is that during the that waterway, and that was what I had in mind when I campaign in Pennsylvania last fall the Republican national advocated the 27-foot channel in the international section chairman, and my opponent, and those Republicans who of .the river. were opposed to the Democratic principles and the further I should like to say while I am on my feet, with reference extension of work on the St. Lawrence waterway, made a to a question that was asked by the gentleman from Mis tremendous campaign against the Democratic Party and souri [Mr. SHORT] on yesterday, who stated that he hoped Democratic principles as advocated, particularly, the St. when this was done the United States would not pay the Lawrence waterway project. entire bill or lose control of the waterway, that question is Mr. SNELL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for asked by a great many people who do not understand the a question right there? conditions of this treaty; and most of the opposition comes Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. I yield. from those who know very little about the treaty. As a Mr. SNELL. As a matter of fact, this never has been matter of fact, if this waterway is completed under the entirely a partisan proposition. I have followed this ques present plan, the United States and Canada divide the tion very closely for the last 15 or 20 years. Both parties expense 50-50 from start to finish, and there is no other have favored it. As a matter of fact, each one of the last question in the treaty. four Presidents of the United States has been very strongly Furthermore, if we should go through with the present in favor of the St. Lawrence Waterway, including the present. treaty, we do not give to Canada a single power or right President. This matter never has been a party proposition. that we have at the present time, either in reference to It has been a geographical proposition more than anything withdrawal of water or sovereign rights over our territory. else. Is not this correct? The treaty in itself is absolutely fair and equitable between Mr. ·GRAY of Pennsylvania. I rather think so. I am the two countries, as far as those conditions are concerned. glad, however, that the gentleman bas explained the atti I am glad to have an opportunity to put that in the RECORD tude of the Republican Party on this particular question. at this time. Mr. MILLARD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? In further answer to the gentleman from Wisconsin, who · Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. I yield. is also interested, as I am, in the development of the St. Mr. MILLARD. It is not the Republican Party. I hap Lawrence River watel'Way, as far as the House of Repre pen to be a Republican, but I am strongly against the sentatives is concerned, we have provided every step that waterway. we know of for the ultimate and complete development of Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. I was put to it different the St. Lawrence seaway. [Applause.] times to defend against Republican attacks on the Demo Mr. HULL. I thank the gentleman. cratic policy. In fact, had to ask for data from the Demo Mr. MANSFIELD. I want to thank the gentleman from cratic National Committee in support of the project. The New York for the information he has given us. gentleman talks like an insurgent. Mr. HULL. I t}lank the gentleman from New York and Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? I yield back the balance of my time. Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. Certainly. • The pro forma amendment was withdrawn. Mr. CULKIN. I take it from the statements of the gen- The Clerk read as follows: tleman here today that the St. Lawrence waterway was en• SEc. 7. That that portion of the West Fork of the South Branch dorsed in his district. of the Chicago River in Cook County, ill., lying between the Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. It was not the paramount west line (produced north) of the Collateral Channel of the Sani tary District of Chicago, in the northwest quarter of section 36, issue. township 39 north, range 13 east, third principal meridian, and the Mr. BEITER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? east line of South California Boulevard, being a line 283 feet east Mr. GRAY o.f Pennsylvania. I yield. 5346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 Mr. BEITER. Reference has be~n made to the PreSident bonds· In the amount of· $170,000,000 therefor. This project pro vides for the stabilization and development of the water resources as being in f1a. vor of the St. Lawrence waterway. I, a Dem of the valley for purposes of navigation, fiood control, salinity ocrat, am opposed to the St. Lawrence project. cont rol, irrigation, domestic and industrial use, and hydroelectric Mr._ GRAY of Pennsylvania. It is a Democratic preroga power. • • • As a part of this project it is proposed to con in struct a dam at Kennett, on the Sacramento River, about 315 tive to be opposition. miles above its mouth. • • • The construction of the Ken Mr. CHRISTIANSON. Mr. Chairman, will the . gentle nett Dam will directly benefit navigation by providing a steady man yield? and increased fiow, and_ flood . control by the storage of fiood Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. I yield. waters. It will also prevent the intrusion of salt water into the lower Sacramento, thereby eliminating from consideration Federal Mr. CHRISTIANSON. The gentleman ·will admit also participation in the construction .and operation at great cost of that if the Democrats in another body of the Congress had locks and structures to prevent such intrusion; and it assures a not voted against the st. Lawrence Waterway Treaty it free and open passage for the highly important navigation through the delta. T_hese benefits, it is estimated, warrant the Federal would have been ratified? Government m contributing $12,000,000 toward the construction Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. I think that is probably true. of this dam. • • • Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. I yield. . The Centra~ Valley project of California, of which this Mr. HULL. As a matter of information I would like to ~provement IS a part, was thoroughly considered by the know, in view of the message the President sent to Con Rivers and Harbors Committee at a hearing held April 13 gress last year, whether those on that side of the aisle who 1934. A~ this hearing General Markham, Chief of Engi~ opposed the President's policy as to the St. Lawrence water neers-, said that he believed this great system to be as well way are insurgents or merely mavericks? devised as anything that had come to his engineering at- Mr. GRAY of Pennsylvania. I cannot characterize them, tention, and stated further: · Mr. Chairman. I think that briefiy represents my attitude and the occasion of my recommendation that in that vast program the Federal Gov [Here the gavel fell.] ernment's interests are represented, I think, conservatively and The Clerk concluded the reading of the bill. not excessively to the extent of $12,000,000. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I desire to express my The Central Valley project of California, of which the thanks for the courteous treatment and consideration we Kennett Dam storage is the largest unit, is a comprehensive have received by the Committee of the Whole House on the pl~ for the stabilization, control, and use of the water sup state of the Union. phes of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys which, Mr. Chairman, I move that the Committee do now rise taken together, form the Central Valley of California. There and report the bill back to the House with amendments, is no finer body of land anywhere in the world than the with the recommendations that the amendments be agreed Central Valley of California. Picture, if you will, a valley to and that the bill as amended do pass. 500 miles long and 40 miles wide encircled. by mountains on The motion was agreed to. all sides, except at one point where the river breaks through Accordingly the Committee rose; ·and the Speaker having in.to San Francisco Bay. The land is flat and fertile, the resumed the chair, Mr. ARNOLD, Chairman of the Committee climate equable and with irrigation a wide variety of crops of the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that can be raised- profitably. Niµe hundred thousand people that Committee, having had under consideration the bill live in this valley and 3,ooo·,ooo acres of land are under irri (H. R. 6732) authorizing the construction, repair, and gation. However, agriculture in this valley depends on. preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, irrigation as the summers are rainless and practically all and for other purposes, had directed . him to report the crops must be irrigated, which requires storage dams dis same back to the House with sundry amendments, with the tribution works, and above -all a natural water supply 'suffi recommendatio·n that the amendments be agreed to and cient to meet the ·irrigation needs. A large part of the that the bill as amended do pass. territory is irrigated from wells drawing on underground Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I move· the previous water. Over the last two decades water shortages have de question on the bill and all amendments to final passage. veloped in the Central Valley which have passed the stage The previous question was ordered. of being critical and are desperate, and lands are being The SPEAKER. Is a separate vote demanded on any abandoned, and farmers are having to leave their homes and amendment? If not, the Chair Will put them en· grosse. go elsewhere in search of livelihood. There are two prin The amendriients were agreed to. · · cipal reasons for this water. shortage which are, first, the The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third depletion of underground waters originally thought to be in time, was read the third time, and passed. exhaustible, and, second, the gradual up-stream movement On motion of Mr. MANSFIELD, a motion to reconsider the of salt water from San Francisco Bay as the rivers entering vote by which the bill was passed was laid on. the table. the bay were diverted and put to use. If this condition of EXTENSION OF REMARKS-RIVER AND HA.RBOR BILL water shortage cannot be corrected, destruction of land by Mr. CARTER. · Mr. Speaker, we are considering today salt water and abandonment from water shortage will con H. R. 6732, commonly referred to as the " river and har tinue until half a million acres of the be~t lands in the val bor bill." One of the items in this bill, you will note, is ley will have taken place and 50,000 American citizens have Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 35, Seventy lost not only their jobs but their farms and homes which third Congress, Report No. 424, which has to do with an have been built up through half a century of effort. Putting investigation made by the Chief of Engineers of the Cen aside the loss of labor and_capital _already invested, it is tral Valley water project of California. A hearing was held not possible for these sections to go back in a large part to on this report before the Rivers and Harbors Committee, of their original desert condition without a great toll of human which I am a member. Mr. Edward Hyatt, State Engineer, misery and suffering. This misery and suffering will just Department of Public Works of California, and Maj. Gen. as surely be present as if the calamity were one of earthquake Edwin M. Markham, Chief of Engineers, United States Army, or flood, and the occasion is as truly one which justly calls explained in detail the Central Valleys project. The Rivers for governmental assistance if the communities themselves and Harbors Committee unanimously voted to make a grant cannot bear the burden alone. of f 12,000,000 toward the construction of this project. This In addition to the agricultural lands facing ruin by item is included in the bill under consideration. This is a reason of water shortage, there are many other interests most meritorious measure, and in order that the House may affected, not enly in the State but in the Nation. One im fully understand it, I desire to explain to the Membership portant item is the industries located on the south shore of somewhat in detail this particular project. - Suisun Bay, Contra Costa County, a very desirable industrial Report No. 424, which accompanies the river and harbor section near the city of San Francisco. Here are located bill, states in part as follows regarding this improvement: more than 100 industrial plants of different kinds which The State o! California has enacted enabling legislation for -the produce $ll2,000,000 worth of manufactured products per construction of the Central Va.lley project and for issuance · o1 year and whose pay rolls run into many millions of dollars 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR_D-HOUSE 5~7 __ annually. Formerly these industries had fresh water easily c~efully worked out over a term of "years by the State, with available, but the salt-water invasion has cut this off and the cooperation of the War Department, the Reclamation made them dependent on inadequate and expensive wells Bureau, and other Federal agencies, and has been widely and other expedients, with the result that this great manu endorsed as being the best possible plan to meet the needs. facturing center is seriously endangered as to its water Its cost is large, nearly $170,000,000. However, the revenues supply. which will be developed by it through the sale of water and This condition of water shortage in the Central Valley has electric power will also be large, about $10,000,000 a year not occurred suddenly in the last year or two, but has been when in full operation. With reasonable governmental as developing slowly for nearly 20 years. It was recognized sistance in participation in the costs, it is financially feasible in 1921 when the State of California undertook an investi and will return to the Government all money borrowed in - gation to determine the best means of meeting it. After full at a reasonable rate of interest. some 12 years of study and an expense of more than The water situation in the central valley and the project $1,000,000 the study perfected the Central Valley project plans have been exhaustively reviewed by many different which will store water on the Sacramento River where sur Federal departments, including the War Department, the plus is available, regulate it and transport it southward to Department of Agriculture, the Reclamation Bureau, the overcome the conditions now existing. The main storage Federal Power Commission, the· Public Works Administration will be at the Kennett Dam on the Sacramento River at the the Federal land bank, the President's Water Flow Com~ northern end of the Sacramento Valley. The dam will be mittee, the National Resources Board, by the Senate Com 420 feet high and will store 3,000,000 acre-feet of water. mittee on Irrigation and Reclamation and by House of Rep The first use of the dam will be for flood control by with resentatives Committees on Rivers and Harbors, Flood Con holding space in the upper part of the river to absorb the trol, and Appropriations, and by a joint commission ap :floods, whereby the flood flow of the Sacramento River for pointed by the President of the United states and the Gov its full length through the valley will be materially reduced. ernor of the State of California. All such national inves The second use of the dam will be for power. A large tigating bodies have endorsed the pressing need of a solution power house will be built immediately below the dam and of the water problems of central valley, and all which have the water released from the dam will pass through it, reported on the ceritral valley project have endorsed it, thereby generating a large amount of ·hydroelectric power many in the highest terms. which will be taken by a main transmission line to San Permit me to quote from a few of these reports: Francisco Bay. The California ·Joint Federal-State Water Resources 'commission in its report to the President of the United States and the Gov The next use will be for navigation. The Sacramento ernor of California, dated December 27, 1930, concluded that-- River has been, since the admission of the State in 1850, "In the way of what might be termed direct benefits, that is. one of the important. inland waterways of the Nation, and benefits directly to the land receiving the water, the cost will ~xc~ed any increment of value it will bring. When, however, the · navigation has extended upstream more than 100 miles md1rect benefits are taken into consideration, the values that will above the city of Sacramento. During the dry years of the c.ccrue to the whole area affected, to the cities and towns it con last decade it has been necessary to abandon navigation tains and which are dependent upon its prosperity, to its mer- . above Sacramento in the summertime on account of low chants, bankers, and business men_ in general, to its transporta tion and other public-utility companies, to all who are immedi water. With the Kennett Dam in operation the flow in the ately affected by its general prosperity or decadence, your com river will be maintained at not less than 5,000 second-feet mission feels it is fully justified in recommending the project as -at all times, thereby making dependable all-year navigation one that is economically sound. This it does." An inspection of the project was made by the Department or available nearly 200 miles above Sacramento. The naviga the Interior subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations o! #on, salinity, and· flood control value of the Kennett Dam, the House of Representatives in 1932. Unfortunately, there was to the National Government is estimated at $12,000,000 as no report made covering the visit that subcommittee made to the provided in the _river and harbor bill now before you. project; but the unanimous expression of the members on that . trip was ·that the situation was most serious and should be rem- - , Enough water will _be released from the Kennett storage _ edied ·immediately; In fact, those gentlemen commented exten- . to take care of the irrigation needs in Sacramento Valley sively on what they called the "creeping paralysis" of the falling and also for the domestic uses of the towns and cities, in water levels. They endorsed the project personally in the highest terms, although there was no printed report. cluding Sacramento, the capital of the State. The water The United States Senate Committee on Irrigation and Recla will flow down the channel of the Sacramento River into the mation, pursuant to Senate Resolution No. 177, made an investi great delta area at the junction of the Sacramento and San gation and study of the project in 1932 and rendered a favorable Joaquin Rivers, which is now being slowly destroyed by the report thereon in March 1933, in Senate Document No. 1325, Seventy-second Congress,- second session. On page 15 of its inroads of salt water, and furnish enough fresh water to report, the committee concludes in part as follows: drive the salt from the delta and protect this area from fur "It is the conclusion of the committee that Congress is war ther damage. A canal will be built to provide abundant ranted in giving very careful consideration to participation in and assistance in the financing of this Great Central Valley project · fresh water for the great industrial region of Suisun Bay. of California. Direct contributions are warranted in the interest It will be known as the " Contra Costa County Industrial of improvement of navigation and fiood. control, the amount or Conduit", and will take care of the needs of this section. which must be determined by careful investigation of the consti- · tuted agencies of the Federal Government and careful considera In addition, there will be sufficient water released to pro tion by the appropriate committees of both Houses. It is further vide for the parched lands in the southern San Joaquin believed that the project is a particularly meritorious one for Valley where abandonment and destruction are now pro consideration by Congress of furnishing interest-free funds in the ceeding-most rapidly. The water will be available by grav interest of irrigation, and incidentally, funds at a low interest rate for the power features." ity in the delta near Stockton, and the engineering problem The United States Bureau of Reclamation made a very intensive . of how to transport it to the place of need in the San Joa study of the project in cooperation with Department of Public quin Valley over 200 miles south will be overcome by a Works of. California, covering a period of 3 years, and rendered a pumping system which will lift water to an elevation of 160 comprehensive report on its investigation. . Its conclusions on pages II-30 and II-31, are in part as follows: feet. · A second large dam will be built on the San Joaquin "The works proposed in the plan for complete initial develop River north of the city of Fresno. This will be known as the ment are physically feasible of construction and operation. The "Friant Dam", will be 250 feet high, and store 400,000 acre water supply to be provided in that plan is ample to meet exist ing deficiencies in present developed areas in the Upper San feet of water. From it large gravity canals will be run.north Joaquin Valley, deficiencies on the Sacramento River, and in the and south above the stricken areas in the southern San delta of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. Joaquin Valley. The southerly one of these two canals will " The Great Central Valley project designed primarily for the reach the Kern River near Bakersfield and be over 150 miles relief of highly developed, settled, and producing lands suffering from shortage of water supplies, is meritorious and worthy of in length. financial assistance from the Federal Government through the The central valley project will thus regulate and conserve loaning of non-interest-bearing reimbursable funds in accord with the flood water in the Sacramento Ri-ver which now wastes the Federal reclamation policies and precedents. "The lands to be benefited under the plan are fertile, planted into the ocean, provide flood control and navigation, and largely to specialty crops, settled, and adequately equippe-d, and correct the water shortages in the valley. It has been m~t with a normal price relation between the products of the sou~ 5_348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9 marketed and finished products purchased by the farmer, have t~e There.fore, the Central Valley project is rated fifth best in the ability to pay a fair and equitable rate for water. United States by the water-flow committee; and it is to be noted " With Federal financing of the project through the employment that of the four listed ahead of the Central Valley, three-the of non-interest-bearing funds for irrigation features, interest Tennessee Valley, the Mississippi, and the Missouri-are under con bearing funds for the power features, and justified direct contribu struction at the present time, and the St. Lawrence is held up tions from the State and Federal Governments in the interest of by treaty negotiations. Therefore, as to new water projects to be flood control, navigation, and other purposes, and with fair and started, the Central Valley stands practically at the head of the reasonable revenues from the sale of electric energy and water, the list, after a thorough and competent investigation by the water-fl.ow project, for complete initial development is economically and committee. financially feasible. " · On page 7 of House Document 395, the committee says: In the final report of the Chief of Engineers on the Central Val " The comprehensive . plan previously developed by the Cali ley project, Rivers and Harbors Committee Document No. 35, Sev fornia State plan for water conservation and Federal agencies has enty-third Congress, second session, in paragraph 10, pages 4 and already been adopted by the State of California. 'It is the most 5, General Markham concludes: carefully considered and complete plan of its kind ever drawn "The Federal interest in the conservation of water by the con up', according to the technical subcommittee on the Pacific struction of the Kennett Dam largely exceeds, in my opinion, that region." evaluated by the division engineer and the Board, since by rem Regarding water shortage, House Document 395, on page 379, edying the intrusion of salt water into the delta of the Sacra states: mento and San Joaquin Rivers, it ellminates from consideration "The interior valley o.f California, comprising the Sacramento Federal participation in the construction and operation at great and San Joaquin Basins, had the most acute water shortage of costs of locks and structures t-0 prevent such intrusion, and as any part of the United States. Disregarding the warnings of sures a free and open passage for the highly important naviga engineers and irrigators, the irrigated area of the San Joaquin tion through the channels of the delta. Based on this aspect Valley has been extended far beyond what the available water o! the ease, as well as the direct benefits to navigation and flood supply will serve. This is especially true of that section of the control on the Sacramento River, I find that the general and Fed basin that is irrigated from wells. Large tracts of citrus orchards eral benefits from the construction of the Kennett Dam on the and vineyards have been destroyed by exhausting this underground plans now proposed by the State warrants a special direct pa.rtici supply." pation of the Federal "Government of $12,000,000 in the cost of this The National Resources Board report, dated December 1, 1934, structure." deals generally with the subject of water projects. On pages 29 The Department of Agriculture issued in 1934 a report entitled and 30 the report states: "Drought Conditions in Irrigated Sections." Quoting from the "While thls recommendation implies that planning the uses of section of this report relating to California: water resources should continue indefinitely, it does not imply " Sacramento Valley: Due to shortage o! water anticipated in that all construction work relative to water should be postponed early spring months there has been some curtailment of plant to an indefinite future. Even on the basis of the present inade ings. The rice aCl'ee.ge is -about 100,000 acres, which is probably quate knowledge, it is justifiable to draw up a considerable list the full allotment under the A. A. A. agreement. Serious losses of projects that merit priority of consideration. The 17 projects in the production of irrigated crops in this valley are not antici in 11 major drainage basins or regions selected by the water pated. There will be additional pumping costs over a normal planning committee and named above constitute such a list." season estimated at $100,000 because of the lower river levels. A footnote states that the 11 major drainage basins are "almost The unirrigated grain and other crops have not suffered materially identical with the 10 basins selected by the President's committee because of lack of rain. · on water flow in April 1934, House Document 395, Seventy-third "Sacramento-San Joaquin delta: In years of low run-off from Congress, second session." the higher lands surrounding the delta, salt water from San The list of 17 projects in 11 major drainage basins is given on Francisco Bay finds its way into the 500 miles of channels 1n page 28 of the National Resources Board report and includes the the delta, thus rendering the water 1n the river channels unfit Sacramento-San Joaquin. for use on the irrigated crops on 300,000 acres of delta land. mak~ This year the loss from this cause will approach $1,000,000 on a The National Resources Board is at the present time total crop value of about $20,000,000. ing an exhaustive economic investigation of the Central "Lower San Joaquin Valley: It is estimated that the losses Valley project, and its conclusions are expected soon. due to curtailment of plantings and crop production for both · From the reports of the Federal agencies just quoted, it irrigated and nonirrigated crops will amount to $5,000,000 in the lower San Joaquin Valley. is apparent that the Central Valley project is one of over "Upper San Joaquin Valley: In the Upper San Joaquin Valley whelming necessity and also one of great merit. It is to be the precipitation has been way below normal, varying from 46 noted that the agricultural loss also during last year-1934- percent of normal at Fresno to 26 percent at Bakersfield. Crops was found by the Department of Agriculture to be $21,000,000 dependent on rainfall d.1d not mature. The run-of! from the Sierra Nevada watershed, which is. the source of the irrigation from water shortage. The project conforms in every way to supply, is about 35 percent of normal. However, about two-thirds . national requirements and national ideals. It will prevent of the 1,250,000 acres under irrigation are equipped to pump abandonment of farms, relieve distress, and put thousands water from wells in a dry year. Ground water levels therefore, will continue to recede because of increased pumping which, of of men to work. Plans for the project are complete. If course, means increased costs and added financial burdens. It is started· at once, 10,000 men will be at work directly on the estimated that the crop lesses and the increased cost of crop project within 6 months and 15,000_ within a year, which, production due to drought conditions in this area will aggregate with the . employment in the mills and factories thereby $15,000,000." The President's water-flow committee issued in 1934, a com created in other parts of the country, this will mean more prehensive report on water projects in the entire United States than 25,000 men at work and a living for possibly 100,000 in House Document No. 395, Seventy-third Congress, second ses people. If it is not built, 50,000 people will lose their present sion. The water-flow committee consisted of the Secretaries of Interior, War, Agriculture, and Labor and an intensive study wa.s means of livelihood and thereby increase the relief burden. made of the six regions of the United States. The Pacific region It will not aggravate the agricultural marketing situation by comprised the area west o! the Rocky Mountains, and in the report bringing in Iarge new areas of land, as it is designed as a of the Pacific region technical committee, page 313 of House Docu rescue project to save lands now irrigated, and new acreage ment 395, is given a list of the 10 best projects -in the region in priority. The Sacramento-San Joaquin or central project is listed inigated will be incidental to the main purpose. It will pro no. 1, or as the best project in the Pacific region. duce 300,000 horsepower of electrical energy, which can be The report of the water-flow committee to the President, on sold at prices below those now paid by the people of the page 5 of House Document 395 states: · valleys . . TEN SELECTED PROJECTS Summarizing, :Mr. Speaker, the Central Valley project is ""In spite of the serious lack o! Information and plans disclosed in the reports of the technical committees, and fully realizing the a comprehensive development for navigation, flood control, preliminary and tentative cliaracter of any recommendations based salinity control, irrigation, electric power for industrial, do on available facts, it is still possible to select the 10 most promis mestic, mining, and other uses. It is ready to start. Plans ing projects or drainage basins for further development when are complete. Ten thousand men can be at work within 6 comprehensive plans shall have been prepared. · . "The 10 selected river basins, in order o! priority, are: months and 15,000 in 1 year after money is available. It "1. Tennessee Valley. will create employment for more than 25,000 men for 3 years, " 2. St. Lawrence.:Great Lakes Basin. one-third of which will be in the Middle West and East. " 3. Mississippi-main stem. "4. Missouri, including the Platte. Much of the employment will be. near Los Angeles, one of " 5. Sacramento-San Joaquin. the most distressing relief centers in the United S~ates. It "6. Dela.ware River Basin. will save 50,000 American citizens from abandoning their "7. Columbia River Basin. homes and loss of livelihood, and save the National and " a. CG>l.orado River Basin. "9. Ohio Valley. State relief rolls by that number of persons. It will pro "10. G~ea.t Salt _Lake Basin... vide dependable navigation facilities for 200 miles on the 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5349 Sacramento River and will materially reduce the flood haz given this subject for well nigh 100 years, the understanding ard on the Sacramento River. It will provide a large amount of our waterway problem which had been gained from this of hydroelectric power which can be sold below existing experience, and the freedom from political or selfish interest prices. It will save one-half million irrigated acres from which has resulted from this established practice. He em returning to desert, restore another half a million acres to phasized the fact that the projects recommended were a self-sustaining basis, and prevent a present annual loss chosen only after their merit had been established and they of $20,000,000 to agriculture alone. It will prevent a loss to were known to be in conformity with our national policy. the State and the· Nation in taxes, railroad earnings, and As has been commented upon many times, transportation business amounting to millions of dollars annually. It will is one of the major problems of our Nation, and in endeavor not interfere with private enterprise in any way, since this ing to develop our waterways and ports to meet the de project can be built only by the United States or by the mands of commerce, recommendations are made not only for state. It is not a new-land project but a rescue or relief the purpose of meeting the transportation problem, but for enterprise for large areas now settled and developed. It the further purpose of benefiting both producer and con is endorsed by many Federal agencies, by all which haive re sumer through making the products of the factory and the ported upon it. It is financially sound and, with the Public farm more readily available, in creating greater opportunities Works Administration plan of financing, will pay back every for reaching foreign markets, and in endeavoring to more cent due the United States at reasonable interest. properly equalize the problem of distribution, which today in Mr. Speaker, this valley is a national asset, and must the minds of many is more important than that of over be saved for the State and Nation. There is no project in production. the entire United States of greater merit or economic value It was with the full realization of these policies and these and no similar development which can repay to the United purposes that the Committee on Rivers and Harbors prepared States as large a part of the cost. It is an emergency project its bill, and the action of the House in accepting the recom for the protection of life and property; it will prevent mendations of this committee indicates not only confidence tragedy, create employment, and permanent wealth-produc in the judgment of the committee but a desire to see the ing works; it is financially sound, ready to start, endorsed recommendations carried forward and made effective. by all. How does this action compare with that portion of the so · Mr. Speaker, while the Central Valley of California has called "relief bill", ·in one subdivision of which is appro critical water shortages in many sections, the investigations priated $350,000,000 for rivers and harbors, together with and reports of the State and Federal departments have other activities such as soil erosion and flood control? This shown that there is plenty of fresh water available in the sum is proposed to be expended under the direction and at Sacramento River which now wastes into the ocean in win the discretion of the President, without any restriction as to ter months which can be regulated and used to remedy congressional action on the subject or any approval by the these problems. The project as worked up by the State and Chief of Engineers or his assistants either as to the desira Federal engineers will do this. The river and harbor bill, bility or feasibility of a project or as to its place in the na which I expect will be passed by this House today, provides tional plan of development of our waterway systems. The an important item of assistance for this great water-relief National Industrial Recovery Act of 2 years ago, which also plan, and will constitute the first official action by the Con placed funds for river and harbor work in the hands of the gress of endorsement of the Central Valley project. I ask President, carried a limitation that all projects should have for your favorable consideration of this project which means the authorization of Congress or at least the approval of the so much to the future destiny of the State of California. Chief of Engineers. This was the beginning of a breakdown Mr. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, the recent action of the of a· tried and proven practice, which under the relief resolu House in the passage of H. R. 6732, the river and harbor tion, House Joint Resolution 117, is entirely disregarded. bill, offers a most interesting and illuminating comparison When the reason for the removal of the limitation of ap with the action of Congress of only a few days ago on the so proval by the Chief of Engineers on river and harbor projects called " relief bill ", and only emphasizes the extreme to was asked on the floor of the House in a discussion of the which the present administration has gone in its efforts to conference report, one of the leaders of the House on the force economic recovery, when that J)ortion of the huge ap majority side stated such action was proposed because it was propriation having to do with rivers and harbors is con expected to have a supervisory central control of this ex sidered. penditure, and that while the President would have the . On the river and harbor bill just passed, the House acted benefit of the experience and expert knowledge of the Engi in accordance with established custom; the committee having neer Corps, he would decide the proper course. charge of the measure recommending only projects which No one having the most exalted ideals of the ability of had been given careful study and consideration, and in many the Chief Executive can with the slightest degree of reason instances had been recommended only after extended public believe the President will personally direct or even have hearings. These projects, in each and every instance, had knowledge of the details of the ex~nditure of this colossal been subject to a detailed study and criticism of the district a.mount. 'Ib.e duty of making expenditures for river and engineer, the division engineer, the Board of Army Engineers harbor improvements, like other activities, must be delegated for Rivers and Harbors, and finally the Chief of Engineers to subordinates responsible to the Chief Executive, not to of the Army, and had met with their approval. They repre the taxpayer, for these expenditures and the wisdom of sented months of thought and consideration of all the factors them. If past practice is fallowed this will result in river believed necessary to make the projects practical, and in a and harbor improvements being authorized by the Public determination as to whether the costs of establishing and Works Administration, directed by Mr. Ickes. If Mr. Ickes maintaining these projects were justified in view of the com follows past practice he will receive recommendations from merce existent or to be developed. As can be assumed, the the Chief of Engineers, but under the Relief Act he will not recommendations were made not only after consideration of be obliged to follow these recommendations. Past practice the many factors which go to make up the commercial liie reveals the fact that in several instances the Public Works of this country, but with the broad national plan of the de Administration did not depend on the recommendations of velopment and use of our waterways and harbors in the the Chief of Engineers, but followed their own judgment in interest of commerce and navigation constantly in mind. making allocations of funds, and in some instance8 the The able and highly regarded chairman of the Rivers and authorization of Congress was ignored. If some new super Harbors Committee, Judge Mansfield, whose many years as visory central control is to direct these improvements and a member of that committee has made his knowledge of expenditures, this would indicate another body even more these facts of our national life much respected, explained in unfamiliar with navigation problems than Mr. Ickes and his detail the development and study of a project before it can advisers, and because of the removal of the previous limi be given consideration by Congress. He called attention to tations would result in an even greater disregard of the the splendid work the Corps of Engineers of the Army had practice and experience built up during the past year: 5350 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS.E APRIL 9 Is the development -0f our water-borne commerce, with .all And so forth. All those synonyms pertain to the papers that it entails, of sufficient importance to place its execution to be disposed of-not this particular committee or its under governmental authorities most familiar with it, Qr is members. it of so little consequence as to warrant placing it mder the Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, will the guidance and decision of comparatively new and unfamiliar gentleman yield? heads, however high may be their ideals or theories? Is the Mr. O'CONNOR. I yield. tremendous cost of this activity of our Government of so Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I was wondering if be little importance in these days that those whose training fore the gentleman moved the previous question he would of many years has made them most efficient in this field accept an amendment that page l, line 9, be a.mended to should be subordinated or even ignored? Is legislative read: action by the duly elected representatives of the people (If Those Members of the House elected to the Useless Committee. so little importance tooay that Congress must surrender its Would an amendment isposition of Useless Executive papers shall be disposed of. If they are useless they are sold Papers are hereby transferred to the Committee on the Disposition for waste paper and the money is covered into the United of Executive Papers. States Treasury. If the papers are valuable as Government All bills, resolutions, papers, documents, petitions, and memo rials heretofore referred by the House to the Committee -on Dispo documents, they are preserved. This committee has to scru sition of Useless Executive Papers are hereby transferred to the tinize these papers very carefully. Only recently, I under Committee on the Disposition of Executive Papers. stand, some papers were offered for destruction which were Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 minutes to the original reports only 5 days old, and, of course, should have gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. MARTIN]. been preserved for some longer time. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Massachusetts is Mr. CO~""ERY. How much money does the sale of these recognized for 30 minutes. old papers amount to in a year? Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, this is a very important Mr. O'CONNOR. I have no idea. matter. It is a resolution from the Committee on Rtiles Mr. CONNERY. I hav~ heard it said it was a very great changing the name of a committee of the House of long amount of money that is realized from the sale of these standing, technically a joint committee acting with a com papers. This is a saving to the Government. mittee of the Senate. Heretofore this committee has been Mr. O'CONNOR. Does the gentleman from Massachu known as the "Committee on t}'.l.e Disposition of Useless setts desire to use some time? Executive Papers." The nomenclature was not exact, be Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 cause the word "useless" itself was not exact, and the use minutes to the gentleman from New Jersey CMr. LEHLBACHl. of this particular word in the name of the committee has Mr. LEHLBACH. Mr. Speaker, this is a very important caused some ridicule for a number of years and has deterred matter, and it occurs to me there may be danger in adopting Members from serving on the committee. It has for some the proposed amendment to the rules. time been thought that the real standing of the committee As I understand the history of this committee, it is about could be enhanced by this proposed change in its title, the as follows: When Grover Cleveland was President, the Con striking out of the word "useles.s." It is not a "useless" gress requested the President to furnish the Congress committee. · with certain information. The President repUed somewhat The Standard Dictionary defines " useless ", in part, as brusquely that he found it incompatible with the public follows: interest to furnish Congress with this information; where Being of no use, not serving, or not capable of serving, any bene upon Congress passed a resolution demanding th~ produc ficial purpose. Abortive, bootless, nugatory, null, unserviceable, tion of certain papers which it was believed contained this vain- information. The President replied that those papers, being 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5351 useless executive papers, had been destroyed; whereupon the which I have introduced in Congress, together with a table Congress passed an act or resolution which prohibited the explaining it and showing its various benefits. destruction of useless executive papers until the Congress, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the through a joint committee or through some other agency gentleman from Mississippi? under its control, had examined those papers to see whether There was no objection. they were truly useless or not. So the practice is now that Mr. FORD of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, on March 4 I in when the waste barrels are filled with useless executive troduced House bill 6370, a copy of which is as follows: papers from the various departments, before they are carted A bill to establish a permanent policy of financial cooperation by out and disposed of a committee of Congress rummages the Federal Government with the several States and Territories in promotion of the benefits of public education. and for other through them to see whether they are all useless or not; purposes hence the present title of the committee, Committee on Dis Be it enacted, etc., That the several States and Territories are position of Useless Executive Papers, is descriptive exactly entitled to the establishment of a perma.nent policy of Federal of the functions of the committee. financial assistance in the maintenance, operation, and improve Mr. Speaker, suppose you leave out the word " useless ", ment of their public schools of less than college grade, and it is the intention of Congress by the passage of this act to declare what would be the result? It will be a committee presum the establishment of such a policy. ably authorized by Congress to dispose of executive papers, SEc. 2. (a) Funds provided by the operation of this act shall be whether they are useless or not. Now, it would be a pretty apportioned annually by the United States Commissioner of Edu how-do-you-do if the Committee on the Disposition of Ex cation to the several States and Territories on a basis of $2 per annum for each person 6 to 17 years of age, inclusive, as shown ecutive Papers, without any limitation as to the kind of by the most recent Federal census. executive papers, should go to the State Department and (b) In addition to the $2 per annum apportionment for each begin to dispose of various treaties that were in force and person 6 to 17 years of age, inclusive, as provided in subsection other documents like that. (a.) of section 2 of this act, there is hereby created an equaliza tion fund which shall be apportioned annually by the United For this reason, Mr. Speaker, I am somewhat constrained States Commissioner of Education to the several States and Terri to oppose the amendment striking that significant and tories on the following basis: (1) The educational needs of the descriptive word "useless" out of the title of the com respective States as shown by sparsity of population, and by the application of appropriate standards for the maintenance and mittee because of the great danger to the violation of the further improvement of the systems of public education in the separate functions and the independence of the executive respective States; and (2) the economic ability of the respective from the legislative, and, of course, from the judiciary, that States as indicated by the ratio of adults to children and by this might entail. Does not the gentleman from New York appropriate measures of the financial resources of the respective on reflection think this matter ought to be studied with a States and Territories. ( c) For the execution of the provisions of this act there 1s great deal more exhaustiveness? hereby authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending Mr. O'CONNOR. I may say to the gentleman from New June 30, 1936, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise Jersey that we have given this important matter a great appropriated, the sum of $100,000,000. SEC. 3. The disbursement of all sums now and hereafter made deal of consideration and deliberation. The gentleman is available to carry out the provisions of this act shall be made by unduly alarmed because the gentleman realizes that what the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to the treas we do only goes to the veneer. We change the title, but the urers of the several States and Territories upon requisition of the jurisdictional matter contained in the rule still provides United States Commissioner of Education. The funds so paid to any State or Territory shall be paid out of the State or Territorial that the committee has jurisdiction only of disposing of treasury upon requisition of the chief administrative omcer in useless executive papers. charge of education in the particular State or Territory. Mr. LEHLBACH. I noticed that in the amendment to SEc. 4. The treasurer and the chief administrative omcer in clause 11, section 44, the qualifying word "useless" is re charge of education in each State or Territory receiving funds under the provisions of this act shall make reports to the Com tained. missioner of Education as often as he may require, showing the Mr. O'CONNOR. The gentleman will admit that that is a disposition of the funds theretofore paid to them under the pro very valuable word at times? visions of this act. The United States Commissioner of Education shall make an annual report to Congress showing the disposition Mr. LEHLBACH. Surely, particularly when one has to of said funds now and hereafter made available under this act, describe certain colleagues, and so forth. [Laughter.] together with such other information as may be considered perti Mr. Speaker, with the assurance that the gentleman from nent to the maintenance of the policy herein declared. New York gives me, and particularly as he has called my SEC. 5. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated for each fl.sea.I year beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1937, attention to the fact the word "useless" is to be retained in such sum as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of that part of the rule which describes the function of this this act. committee, I shall not move to recommit this resolution. SEC. 6. Nothing in this act shall be construed to empower any [Here the gavel fell.] Federal omcer to interfere with or in any way control the in struction in or the administration of education in any State or Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I sympa Territory. thize with the members of this committee. I can well realize SEC. 7. This act may be cited as " the Education Act of 1935." the handicap under which they are working. There are Mr. Speaker, I subscribe to the unquestioned principle many bureaus of the present administration engaged in that free public instruction should be one of the major ob destroying useful things, such as cotton, cattle, hogs, and jects of government. I take this position because I know so forth. So I do not blame the committee members for that popular education is the basis of freedom and justice, resenting that they should be restricted to the destruction of in that it offers the fullest opportunity for every person to useless things. I believe there should be full harmony and rise in the world in keeping with democratic ideals. It all should be given an equal opportunity. Why not the causes a people to think clearly, distinctly, firmly, and sym destruction of useful books and papers as well as commod pathetically, and to act charitably. It means the develop ities? I am not going to oppose the resolution, because I ment of sturdy, self-reliant citizenry, in which character, have profound sympathy for the committee. as well as knowledge is at a premium. Mr. O'CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I make the" useless" mo I wonder if many of us recall the words spoken by Thomas tion ordering the previous question. Jefferson when he said: The resolution was agreed to, and a motion to reconsider I do most anxiously wish to see education gi"1en to all, so was laid on the table. that they may read and understand what is going on in the world PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE and keep their part of it going right. Mr. FORD of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous These words were spoken in the early days of our Repub consent to proceed for 2 minutes. lic by the most famous champion of democracy with which The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the the world has ever been blessed. He wrote the Declaration gentleman from Mississippi? of Independence, founded the University of Virginia, and There was no objection. served 8 years as President of a nation during its hardest Mr. FORD of Mississippi. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous days. He knew the real meaning of education, and he un consent to extend my remarks and to include therein a bill derstood the meaning of democracy for a democratic people, 5352 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE APRIL 9 and above all he realized that education is the true basis of a standard will be the economic ability of the respective states successful democracy. as indicated by the ratio of adults to children and by appro Mr. Speaker, in announcing the great truth, which I have priate measures of financial resources of the respective just mentioned and which is no less applicable today than States and Territories. This equalization fund is to guaran then, this def ender of liberty and the right of our people tee that the educable children in poor States will not be to the pursuit of happiness was but voicing the words of a penalized by being farced to grow up without the proper famous. old Roman, spoken almost a hundred years before education to which they are entitled. The standards set Christ, now more than 2,000 years ago. Cicero had asked for the expenditure of this money are equitably prepared a question which had only one possible answer. His inquiry with this one view in mind: Where help is the most needed, was, " What greater or better gift can we offer the republic increase the amount of the assistance. There can be no than to teach and instruct our youth? " question that this will be a practical plan, as well as one The real importance of education is well proven by the that will bring justice to all conceined. fa.ct that the schoolhouse and the church have always been · There have been attacks on the idea of Federal aid by the two earliest and most fundamental enterprises in the those who profess a fear that the Federal Government would development of our country. control our educational system if aid were extended. This No one doubts the advisability of Government provision fear should be allayed by the following provision of the bill for free public schools. The best methods for their opera I have introduced: tion have been scientifically determined by experts, and Nothing in this act shall be construed to empower any Federal there is a large number of available well-trained teachers. omcer to interfere with or in any way control the instruct ion in The only impeclimeflt, and that is a serious one, is the lack or the administration of education in any State or territory. of sufficient financial support for the schools in thousands The bill also specifies that the expenditure of the funds of communities in many States of the Union. This is the is to be left entirely with the State departments to be used difficulty that so dangerously threatens our educational as they see fit. In the third place, we must remember that structure as to make its present benefits and future opera the whole proposition is under the legislative control of tion matters of doubt and speculation. We have the states Congress, and Congress is answerable to the people. That manship in this country, and we have sufficient funds, to in itself would be a sufficient guaranty against Federal solve this problem and remove this menace. The children. usurpation, even if all the other safeguards had not already the teachers, and the pa.rents in many homes scattered over been erected. Attacks on Federal control are attempts to tlie broad area of the United states are wondering if those becloud the issue and defeat the real merit of the proposi who represent them in the councils of the Nation will per tion. There will be no Federal control. Education will re form their duty and eliminate this dread danger. What main primarily a State function, but some needed help will they want, and what they should have, is a sound permanent come from the Federal Government. program that will insure the future security of public edu My friends, Federal aid should be provided as a permanent cation. They are entitled to it, and those who are intrusted policy because many sections of the country are very poor with the direction of this Government should grant it as while others are very rich. Wealth has :fiown into the rich speedily as possible. . centers from the poor ones. From the rich centers some of In our country and in these troubled times no one should this money finds its way into the Treasury of the United be called " statesman " who is not willing to work with the States. It is only fair that part of the taxes realized from needs of our school children at heart. this wealth should go back to the States from which it Mr. Speaker, you will notice that the bill which I have originated. This principle is applied to Federal aid for introduced authorizes an appropriation of $100,000,000 for roads and other items that formerly were restricted entirely Federal aid for the year ending June 30, 1936. This sum is to State maintenance. I believe it is sound governmental to provide for the needs growing out of the well-recognized policy to build dams and drain rivers, as well as build roads existing situation which obtains in the public schools of our in the States, but I also believe in the application of the country. There is also a clause providing that beginning same policy to education, so far as it is actually needed. with June 30, 1937, such sums shall be appropriated as will I believe this because I know that good roads and other be necessary for the continuation of the permanent policy improved transportation facilities have almost erased State established by the bill. boundary lines. Our people have a right to look to Wash It is provided by the bill that the annual Budget, as a ington for help because they are citizens of the United matter of law, will carry a yearly appropriation for school States as well as of the State in which they reside. The needs. This money will be disbursed to the heads of the responsibility for public education does not end with the departments of education in the several States by the order State, and the Federal Government cannot escape its obli of the United States Commissioner of Education. The head gation. The Nation as a whole has the responsibility for of the department of education in each State will then have guaranteeing educational facilities that will train its young control of the expenditure of the money in that State. The people to assume the complex responsibilities of citizenship, establishment of a permanent policy to be operated in this In this connection let me remind you that every year the manner will eliminate the necessity of constantly appealing Federal Government spends large sums of money for the to Federal relief agencies for help. It will put an end to apprehension and punishment of criminals. This is a wise the uncertainty tbat is now the common characteristic of expenditure for the protection of organized society, but real Federal aid. education is a well-known weapon in the prevention of The method of alloting the Federal funds may be a ques criminality. It is my contention, with which I believe all tion in the minds of some, but the proposed legislation re will agree, that we had better provide teachers and school .. quires that each state shall receive an allotment of $2 per rooms for the boy instead of wardens, cells, and scaffolds. year for every person within its borders whose age is between The majority agree that the Federal Government is under 6 and 17 years, as shown by the most recent Federal census. the duty of providing some assistance for the social security At the last census there were a few over 29,000,000 of these of everyone in this country. This being true, I would re .. children, thus indicating that the $2 allotment will c.ost a mind them that the best type of social security ever devised little over $58,000,000. The remainder of the appropriation, was a sound system of education of the masses. in excess of fifty-eight million, will be used as an equaliza The States have been struggling very hard to carry the tion fund and will be apportioned annually by the United whole burden of education. Some measure of success was States Commissioner of Education to the States on the basis attained by weighing down the people with high taxes. The of educational need as shown by the sparsity of population, severity of the depression has in many cases prevented the and by the application of appropriate standards for the paying of any local taxes. In the face of these conditions, maintenance and further improvement of the existing the Federal Government has usurped practically the entire public-school systems in that State. The other required field of taxation. This usurpation has made it even more 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5353 difficult for the States to obtain sufficient revenues for any who have been giving their time and services for inadequate pw·pose, thus making Federal assistance more imperative pay, or no pay at all, should have the benefit of Federal and just. assistance. The men who have furnished their own capital Another reason for the present distress is the declining in to supply school busses, and then operated them, should be adequacy of the real-estate tax, one of the main sources. of given adequate pay, and they should not have to wait for it. State revenue. Formerly, when we were an agrarian Nation, Paying the school teachers and the bus drivers would be a the tax was probably an equitable one. Now that more than fine investment for any money. half our people live in cities, and the major portion of our Mr. Speaker, education was once considered a parental wealth is industrial, property owners should not be made to responsibility. This responsibility was in tum assumed by bear the entire burden. In many of our States the property the church, by the locality, and then by the State. There tax is the only source of revenue. It is so completely over is nothing to prevent the assumption by the United States worked that it is absolutely an impossibility to obtain addi Government of its just share of this great enterprise. It is tional funds. No State can rise any higher than its maxi no new idea that decrees that this should be done. It cannot mum source of revenue, hence the imperative need for out be denied that over a century ago the first five Presidents side assistance. The educational system must be improved of the United States advocated Federal aid for education. and maintained, but the increase of local taxes is out of the They realized that the foundation of every nation is the question. education of its youth. [Applause.] Only 1 income dollar out of every 33 in this country goes Mr. Speaker, the following table will show the estimated to education. The Federal Government can well afford to approximate benefits that will go to the schools in each extend help as a permanent policy. The school teachers State of the Union if $100,000,000 is appropriated:
Tentatioe distribution of a proposed Federal grant of $100,()()(),000 to the States for the mpport of public education, on the number of children to be educated, and economic abilitu of the seoeral States
Number of Number of Ratio of Square of Square Reciprocal Index of ratio of of square State3 persons Oto 17 persons 21 to 65 adults to divided ratio of years of age years of age children adults to by4 divided adults to children by4 children
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Continental United States_------29,065,072 66, 950,952 2.30 5.29 1.32 0. 76 2.17 1~~~~~- 1 ~~~~~· 1 -~~~1~~~~1c--~~~1-~~~-1-~~~- 7flJ,590 Alabama------;-Arizona______1,260,329 1. 68 2.82 .n 1.41 4.03 106, 735 229, 781 2.15 4.62 1.16 .86 2. 46 .Arkansas ______-----______---_____ ------513, 794 900, 296 1. 75 3.06 . 77 1.30 3. 71 California______----______------_------1,047,-263 3,524, 985 3.37 11. 36 2.84 .35 1.00 Colorado______------__ ------240, 326 567, 709 2.36 5. 57 1.39 • 72 2.06 Connecticut ___ ------______----___ ------_------_--- ______-----__ 373, 105 903,052 2. 4.2 5.86 1.47 .68 1. 94 Delaware. ______------_------53, 417 133, 995 2. 51 6.30 1.58 .63 1.80 District of Columbia ______------80, 939 316, 237 3.90 15. 21 3.80 .w • 74 Florida______---_-- ---_____ ------348, 616 802,424 2. 30 5.29 1.32 • 76 2.17 Georgia------825, 211 1, 39!r, 010 1.69 2. 86 . 72 1. 39 3.97 Idaho _____ ------117, 446 226, 563 1. 93 3. 72 .93 1. 03 3.09 Illinois. ____ ---_--- __ ------1, 635, 445 4, 462, 107 2. 73 7.45 1. 86 .54 1.54 Indiana______------__ ------719, 734 1, 790, 005 2.49 6.20 1.55 .65 1.86 Iowa·------507, 130 1,337, 299 2.36 5.57 1. 39 • 72 2.06 Kansas. ___ ------438, 812 1, Oll, 205 2.30 p.29 1. 32 . 76 2.17 688, 959 1, 294, 535 1.88 3.53 .88 1.14 3.26 ~~fs~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_~:: ·:::::=:::::: 5fi1, 200 1, 068, 300 1.92 3. 69 .92 1.09 3.11 Maine. ______------179,594 423, 962 2.36 5.57 1.39 . 72 2.06 Maryland ______----______- _------370, 291 911, 622 2.46 6. 05 1.51 .66 1.89 Massachusetts ______----______------922,537 2, 442, 327 2.65 7.02 1.76 .57 1. 63 Michigan ______------1, 096, 427 2, 707, 618 2.47 6.10 1.53 .65 1.86 606, 753 l, 390, 036 2.29 5.24 1.31 . 76 2.17 502, 343 964, 522 L 72 2. 96 . 74 l. 35 3.86 702, 170 2, 047, 417 2. 58 6. 66 167 .60 1.71 Montana______======---- ===__ === ---- == ==-- =----= === ------======----- =====--- -- ======------======--- ==-- = 131,042 294, 619 2.25 5. 06 1.27 . 79 2. . 26 ~lE;~~~= 329, 800 733, 526 2.22 4. 93 1.23 .81 2.31 Nebraska------N evada. ______---__ ------17, 452 56, 533 3.24 10.50 2. 63 .38 1.09 New Hampshire ______------100, 439 256, 132 2.55 6.50 163 .61 1. 74 New JerseY------911. 617 2, 334, 230 2. 56 6.55 1.64 . 61 1. 74 N ew Mexico ______---______- - - _------115, 960 201. 995 1. 74 3. 03 • 76 1.32 3. 77 New York. ______------______------_------__ 2, 580, 891 7, 551. 622 2. 93 8.58 2.15 .47 1. 31 North Carolina __ ------____ ------942, 466 l, 436, 891 1. 52 2. 31 .58 1.72 4. 91 North Dakota ___ ------188, 751 330, 582 1.75 3.06 • 77 1.30 3. 71 0 hio. ______----______- ___ ------1, 472, 379 ·3, 757, 016 2.55 6.50 163 . 61 1. 74 Oklahoma ___ ------______------_____ ------_____ ------638, 516 l, 198, 847 1.88 3.53 .88 1.14 3.26 Oregon ______---______---- _------198, 709 560, 370 2. 82 7. 95 199 .50 1. 43 Pennsylvania. ______- ____ • _------2, 3flJ, 699 5, 204, 079 2. 21 4. 88 1. 22 .82 2.34 Rhode Island. ______--__ ------156, 408 386, 004 2.47 6.10 1.53 .65 1.86 .South Carolina. ______------544, 284 770, 049 1.41 1.99 .50 2.00 5. 71 South Dakota____ ------180, 279 351, 912 1. 95 3.80 .95 1.05 3.00 Tennessee ______------690, 063 1, 309, 537 1.90 3.61 .90 1.11 3.17 Texas. ______---• __ -_------1, 496, 039 3, 008, 654 2. 01 4.04 1. 01 .99 2. 83 Utah. ____ ------·------141, 197 244, 021 1. 73 2.99 . 75 1.33 3.80 80, 669 191, 889 2.38 5.66 1.42 . 70 2.00 ~=fa~-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 658, 3?.6 l, 196, 714 1.82 3.31 .83 1. 20 3.43 Washington. ___ ------331, 179 917,598 2. 77 7.67 1.92 .52 1.49 475, 273 834, 610 1. 76 3.10 . 78 1. 28 3.66 :Fs:O~!~i_a:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 685,826 1. 594, 018 2. 32 5.38 1. 35 . 74 2.11 Wyoming ______------52, 912 12.5,078 2.36 5. 57 1.39 . 72 2.06
Index of Index of Ratio to Ind.ex of of Product States economic poorest ratio ability1 need adults to of index03 State children
(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Continental lJ ni ted States ______---__ ------____ ---_---- __ ------_-- _---- 5,383 3.34 ------Alabama ______l, 988 1. 23 0. 81 4. 03 3. 26 Arizona ______-----_ ------__ ------_--- _------_-- _-- _------__ ---______3,895 2. 41 .41 2.46 1.01 Arkansas ______----______------______----_--- _------______2,386 1.48 .68 3. 71 2.52 Colorado.California ______------_ 7,860 4. 87 .21 1.00 .21 5,062 3.14 .32 2.05 .66 Connecticut ______------______--__ ---__ --__ ---_____ ------__ --______6, 181 3.83 . 26 1.94 • 5() Delaware. ____ ------_ ------5, 799 3.60 .28 1.80 .50 District of Co!umbia ______------__ ------___ ----______------____ ----______10,482 6.50 .15 • 74 .u LXXIX--338 [See footnotes a.tend of table} 5354 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL 9
f'entatioe di.5tribution of a propoud Federal grant of $100,000,000 to the State&for the rnpport of public education, 011 the number of children to be educated and the economic abilitu of the seoeral Stites-Continued '
Index of Ratio to Index of Statoo economic poorest Index of ratio of Product ability need adults to Of indexM State children
(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Florida _____ ------____ ------3, 189 1.98 o. 51 2.17 1.11 Georgia ______------____ ------____ ------______------=----- ______2,818 1. 75 .57 3. 97 2. 26 Jdaho_Illinois ______------______------_ 3,821 2.37 .42 3.09 1.30 6, 28.~ 3.90 .26 L54 .40 Indiana_------.: ______4, 289 2. 66 .38 1.86 • 71 Iowa ______-----______------___ _ 4, 394 2. 72 .37 2. 06 • 76 Kansas ___ __ ----______------4, 155 2. 58 .39 2. 17 .85 2,685 1.66 .60 3. 26 1.96 ~;ti~~~ir:~:::::::::::: ::: :: ::: :::: ::: ::::::: :::: :::::::: ::: ::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2, 719 1.69 .59 3.11 1.8-3 MarylandMaine------______3, 914 2.43 . 41 2.06 .84 5, 115 3. 17 .32 1.89 .60 Massachusetts------7,030 4. 36 .23 1.63 .37 M ichigan ______------_ 5,082 3. 15 .32 1.86 .60 ].,finne so ta ____ -----______------____ ------4, 750 2.94 .34 2. 17 . 74 1, 613 1.00 LOO 3.86 3.86 }.fontana~:~~~~~::::______:::::::::: ::: :: : :: ::: :: :: :: :: ::: ::: :: ::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: _ 5, 251 3. 26 . 31 1. 71 • 53 4,034 2. 50 .40 2. 26 . 90 Nebraska. ______------______------___ _ 5,593 3. 47 .29 2. 31 .67 Nevada ______-----______------____ ------___ _ 5, 905 3.66 .27 1.09 .29 New Hampshire ______------______------_------4, 54-0 2.81 .36 1. 74 .63 New Jersey ____ ------_____ ---_--- _------_------6, 253 3.83 .26 1. 74 45 New Mexico ___ ------2, 497 1.55 .65 3. 77 2. 45 New York______------_____ ------___ _ 12, 101 7. 50 .13 1.34 .17 North Carolina______------_--- ______-----______---_--- _- __ ___ - _------_------2,857 1. 77 .56 4. 91 2. 75 North Dakota ______------_------0 hio ______----______------______3,520 2. 18 .46 3. 71 1. 71 5, 026 3.12 .32 1. 74 .56 0 klahoma ______-----______---_____ ------_____ ---____ ---______------__ ------3,235 2. 01 .50 3. 26 1.63 4, 981 PennsylvaniaOregon ______---__ ---______------_------______------3.03 .33 1.43 .47 5,448 3. 38 .30 2. • 70 Rhode Island ______------______34 5,667 3.45 . 29 1.86 .54 South Carolina. ______---______---__ - - - _--- ___ - ___ - _-- - __ ------_- ______------______---- 1,999 1.23 .81 5. 71 4. 63 South Dakota. ______----_____ - ______- ___ - - - _--- _-- - _------_--- ______3,882 2. 41 .41 3.00 1. 23 Tennessee_____ ------_-_ - --_------_-- - _------2,624 1.63 . 61 3.17 1.93 Texas ______--- _------3, 705 2. 30 .43 2. 83 1. 22 u tah_ ------3,936 2. 44 . 41 3.80 1. 56 Vermont_ __ ---_--- __ ------_- --- _------4,306 2. 67 . 37 2.00 . 74 Virginia______--_------3, 107 1. 93 . 52 3. 43 1.78 Washington____ ------5, 126 3.18 .32 1.49 .48 3,276 2. 03 .49 3.66 1. 79 ;~~~i£~: ::::::::: ::: :::: ::::::::::::: :: :::: ::::: ::::: ::: :::: :::: :::::: :: :~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4, 732 2:93 .34 2.11 . 72 Wyoming ______--- ___ --- _- _-- - _-_ ------_-- - _-- _-~ _ 5,327 3".30 .30 2.06 .62
Number of Column 16 Pe~cei:itage Population Distribu- Product of I tion based on Total col- States persons 6 to by column t~~~b~i- 6 to 17 years, umns 20and 17 years or age indexes 17 2 percents in 21 umn 18 by $ column 19 (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22)
Continental United States------29,066, 072 ------32,636, i.57 100. 00 $58, 132, 144 $41, 867, 856 $100, 000, 000 .Alabama______-----______------______-----______750, 590 3. 26 2, 446, 923 7.50 1, 501, 180 3, 140, 039 4, 641, 269 .Arizona ______------__ -_- _------106, 735 1.01 107,802 .33 213, 470 138, 164 351, 634. .Arkansas_------__ ------_------513, 794 2. 52 1, 294, 761 3.98 1, 027, 588 1, 666, 341 2,693, 929 California______--______------_- --_-_ ------1,047, 263 . 21 219, 925 .67 2, 094, 526 280, 515 2, 375,041 Colorado______-----______- _------240, 325 .66 158, 615 .48 480, 652 200, 966 681, 618 Connecticut ______373, IOj .50 186, 553 .57 746, 210 238,647 984,857 Delaware ______------__ 53, 417 .50 26, 709 .08 106,834 33,494 140,323 District of Columbia _____ ------___ --- __ ------__ -----__ _ 80, 989 .11 8, 909 .03 161, 978 12, 560 174, 538 Florida ______- _-_ -- _------_------348, 616 1.11 386, 964 1.18 697, 232 494,041 1, 191, 273 Georgia ___ ---______---______825, 211 2. 26 1,864, 977 5. 71 1, 650, 422 2, 390, 655 4,041,077 Idaho------·-- 117. 446 1. 30 152, 680 .47 234., 892 196, 779 431, 671 Illinois ______- _- __ ----_-_ - --_-_ ------1, 635, 445 .40 654, 178 2. ()() 3, 270,890 837, 357 4, 108, 247 IowaIndiana------______719, 734 • 71 511, 011 1.56 1, 439, 468 653, 138 2, 092, 606 567, 130 • 76 431, 019 1.32 1, 134, 260 552, 656 1, 686, 916 Kansas ____ ------438,812 .85 372, 990 1.14 877, 624 477, 294 1, 354, 918 688, 959 1. 96 1, 350, 360 4.14 1, 377, 918 1, 733, 329 3, 111, 247 557, 200 1.83 1, 019, 676 3.12 l, 114, 400 1, 306, 277 2,420, 677 Mainef~~;~~~~~======:======___ ------179, 594 .84 150, 859 .46 359, 188 192, 592 551, 780 Maryland ______- _- ______370, 291 .60 222, 175 .68 740, 582 284, 701 1, 025, 283 922, 537 .37 341, 339 1.04 1,845, 074 435,426 2, 280, 500 MassachusettsMichigan ______- ___ - _____ - _-- _------_ 1,096, 427 .60 657, 856 2.02 2, 192, 854 845, 731 3,038, 585 Minnesota ___ ------_------_------_ ------_-- - -- 606, 753 . 74 448, 997 1.38 1, 213,506 577, 776 1, 791, 282 562, 343 3.86 2, 170, 644 6. 65 1, 124, 686 2, 784, 212 3, 908,898 ~=~~f~~ ~: ===: :: ::: :: :: : : :: :: ::: :: =::: 792, 170 .53 419,850 1. 29 1, 584, 340 540,095 2, 124, 435 Montana ___ -::---: :______::: : ::: :--- : ::: - - ::_____ :: :: -: -:---:: :______::: :: __------_------___ _ 131, 042 .90 117, 938 .36 262,084 150, 724 Nebraska ______412.808 329,809 • 67 220,972 .68 659, 618 284, 701 944, 319 Nevada______----_------__ --___ --___ --_--- ______--_____ - 17,452 .29 5,061 .02 34, 904 8,374 43, 278 100, 439 .63 63, 277 .20 200,878 83, 736 284,614 ~::¥a~~~~~~:::::::::=:=:::::::::::======::::::: : :======911, 617 .45 410,228 1.26 1,823, 234. 527,535 2, 350, 769 New Mexico_------_____ -----______------_------__ 115, 960 2. 45 284, 102 .87 231, 920 364, 250 596, 170 New York ___------______------______------__ 2, 580, 891 .17 438, 751 1.34 5, 161, 782 561, 029 5, 722,811 North Carolina ______------______------_--- __ ------_ 942, 465 2. 75 2, 591, 782 7.94 1, 884, 932 3, 324, 308 5, 209, 240 North Dakota ___ ------_.___ ------_--- _--- 188, 751 1. 71 322, 764. .99 377, 502 414,494 791, 994 0 hio ______--______- _------1, 472, 379 .56 824, 532 2. 53 2, 944, 758 1, 059, 257 4, 004, 015 Oklahoma __ ------_ --_ 638, 516 1. 63 1,040, 781 3.19 1, 277, 032 1, 335, 585 2, 612, 617 Oregon ____ ------198, 709 .47 93, 393 .29 397, 418 121,417 518, 835 Pennsylvania------2, 350, 699 • 70 1, 645,489 5.05 4, 701, 398 2, 114, 327 6, 815, 725 Rhode Island ______--____ _ 156, 403 .54 84, 460 .26 312, 816 108, 856 421,672 South Carolina __ ------544, 284 4. 63 2, 520, 035 7. 72 1, 088, 568 3, 232, 198 4, 320, 765 E! outh Dakota __ -----______------__ --_------__ -- 180, 279 1. 23 221, 743 .68 360, 553 284, 701 645, 259 ·Tennessee_____ ---_------_------690, 063 1. 93 1, 331, 822 4.08 1, 380, 126 1, 708, 209 3,088,335 Texas______---______- - - _-_ ------1, 496, 039 1. 22 1, 825, 168 5, 59 2, 992,'078 2, 340, 413 5,332, 491 Utah ______--______---_____. ______--____ - _-_ --- ______--______141, 197 1. 56 220, 267 .67 282, 394 280, 515 562, 909 Vermont------ 80, 669 . 74 59, 695 .18 161, 338 75, 362 236, 700 Virginia------658, 326 1.78 l, 171, 820 3.59 1, 316, 652 1, 503, 056 2,819, 708 W ashington______------_------331, 179 .48 158, 966 .49 662, 358 205, 152 867, 510 475, 273 1. 79 850, 739 2. 61 950, 546 1,092, 751 2, 043, 297 685, 826 • 72 493, 795 1. 51 1, 371, 652 632, 205 2,003, 857 Wyoming;~~~f!~~i~--~======______- ____ ------52, 912 . 62 32. 805 .10 105, 824 41,868 147, 692
1 The index of tne economic ability is obtained by giving equal weight to each of the following factors: (I) Personal income; (2) value of farm income, plus value of miner products, plus value added by manufactures; (3) spendable income; (4) bank debits; (5) retail sales; (6) luxury sales; (7) average of wealth, true valuation of property, and assessed valuation of property. 1935 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5355 REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION OF PUERTO RICO :fiUated with all the parties of the country be prejudiced by the discontent created among the poor classes because of the con Mr. IGLESIAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent stant practice of appointing wealthy persons, in violation of the to extend my remarks in the RECORD. purpose of the Federal Emergency Act; by putting into effect The SPEAKER. Is there objection? practices showing a total lack of knowledge of the factors which constitute the structure of each Puerto Rican famlly, and a com There was no objection. plete ignorance of the emotional and intellectual make-up of our Mr. IGLESIAS. Mr. Speaker, I have been informed that people, and by continually offending the sentiments and the some representatives, political or otherwise, of the island dignity of the representative entities of the country; ignoring the have expressed the idea and requested of functionaries of precepts of the Federal act in force in order to experiment with human suffering in order to avoid that, the public sentiment of the administration in Washington that, when the machinery deep protest may be badly interpreted, and in order that the for the rehabilitation and relief in Puerto Rico be organized, people who are desirous of being able to enjoy the advantages of it should be placed in the hands of a body of " responsible a true rehabilitation with the assistance of that administration may preserve their faith and their confidence therein, the house Puerto Ricans" who have no political affiliations and who asks that you give prompt attention to this petition." will be free from insular governmental supervision. MIGUEL A. GARCIA MENDEZ, I do not know how this proposal can be accomplished Speaker -House of Representatives. when a large body of men and women will be called to duty for the prosecution of the extensive program which has been SAN JUAN, P. R., April 4, 1935. announced the President contemplates to carry out for the Hon. SANTIAGO IGLESIAS, Resident Commissioner for Puerto Rico, benefit of the people of Puerto Rico. This proposal of the Washington, D. C. appointment of a " responsible body of Puerto Ricans " out The Senate of Puerto Rico respectfully asks that a congressional side the functions of the representative government is some investigation be made immediately of the activities of the Puerto Rican Emergency Relief Administration. We suggest that the same thing unexpected in the island. Anyone knows that such delegation of the Congress already appointed to investigate the a group of " responsible Puerto Ricans " could belong to any affairs of the Virgin Islands come to Puerto Rico for said purpose. political party under the camouflage of nonpartisan men, James R. Bourne, administrator, Puerto Rican Relief Administra as has happened time and again. tion. is a. person not desired by the people of Puerto Rico, because as such administrator, he has allowed the control of the relief to The mafority of the people down there believe and have be exercised almost exclusively and openly by a determined the greatest confidence in the expressed democratic ideas political party of Puerto Rico which extends privileges to its of having representatives of every responsible governmental affiliates, and said relief is not extended impartially and justly to the truly needy. Said James R. Bourne is also directing openly a agency, as well as representatives of the economic organi campaign offensive and hostile to the Legislature of Puerto Rico. zations of the island, take part in such a program to assure There is a public sentiment of bitter protest against the party the greatest integration and coordination of all administra activities of James R. Bourne. tive authorities in such a way that no one will have the RAFAEL MARTINEZ NADAL, opportunity to create any supergovernment, overtopping President of the Senate of Puerto Rico. the authorities of the insular government. Coordination LEA VE OF ABSENCE and teamwork should prevail under the organic act of the By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to island. Mr. LANHAM (at the request of Mr. JoNEs), for 1 day, on From the point of view of carrying out a reconstruction account of illness. program in Puerto Rico, it is particularly important to know ORDER OF BUSINESS that some experts outside the island have recommended the Mr. SNELL. May I ask what will come up tomorrow? Are establishment of administrative machinery which- we going to consider Calendar Wednesday business tomorrow? wm enlist the services of individuals and groups who, under Mr. O'CONNOR. I do not know whether there are any traditional forms of representative government, have been vir tually excluded from political power. bills ready or not. We have some rules of importance that we may bring up. After years of advice that the Puerto Rican people should Mr. SNELL. Does the gentleman think he may be able strive for honorable elections, these same intellectual per tO find some? sons, referring to such a program, say that leading to this Mr. CONNERY. May I say that our committee is ready end it might be possible to establish some independent body, -for action anytime we can get a Calendar Wednesday. aloof from the vicissitudes of partisan politics and domi nated by nonpolitical members, to whom the task of a re ADJOURNMENT construction program could be intrusted. How this can be Mr. O,CONNOR. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do done without a complete change of our democratic govern ·now adjourn. mental institution, or where in the island the type of citizen . The- motion was agreed to; accordingly {at 3 o'clock and just referred to can be found, nobody knows. 57 minutes p. mJ, the House adjourned until tomorrow, The following cables received from the president of the Wednesday, April 10, 1935, at 12 o'clock noon. senate, Hon. Rafael Martinez Nadal, and the speaker of the house, Hon. Miguel A. Garcia Mendez, of the Puerto Rican COMMITrEE HEARINGS Legislature, strongly indicate that something is wrong m· COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Puerto Rico. (Thursday, Apr. 11, 11: 30 a. m.) · Because of the foregoing, I consider it my inescapable duty to have the above-mentioned cablegrams, which set Subcommittee on Judiciary will hold hearings on bill H. R. forth some of the existing evils there, inserted in the RECORD 6510 and other bills pertaining to the amendment of the as part of my remarks. Alcoholic Beverage Control Act. SAN JUAN, P. R., April 4, 1935. Hon. SANTIAGO IGLESIAS, REPORTS OF COMMITI'EES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND Resident Commissioner, Washington, D. C.: RESOLUTIONS By resolution of the house I have just transmitted the following. cable to Senator TYDINGS and to the President of the Senate: Under clause 2 of rule XIII, "The House of Representatives of Puerto Rico respectfully peti Mr. WARREN: Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish tions you to ask congressional investigation of activities of the eries. H. R. 65. A bill to provide· for th~ establishment of P.R. E. R. A. It ts respectfully suggested that for this purpose the powers granted to the senatorial commission, already appointed a Coast Guard station on the coast of Virginia at or near under your chairmanship for investigation in the Virgin Islands, the north end of Hog Island, Northampton County; with be extended to cover investigation of P. R. E. R. A. The emergency out amendment {Rept. No. 624). Ref erred to the Commit administration. extended to Puerto Rico by the national adminis tration with such good wishes, is going to result in, and has al tee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. ready resulted in, a complete failure under the direction of Ad Mr. WARREN: Committee on Merchant Marine and Fish ministrator James R. Bourne because of his having permitted, eries. a R. 2015. A bill for a Coast Guard station at the notwithstanding the protests and continuous complaints being eastern entrance to Cape Cod Canal, Mass.; with amend received from all the municipalities of the island censuring the political partisan control e;cercised• by ·the greater pa.rt of his ment West Virginia: A bill CH. R. 7391) assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across granting a pension to Mamie Cartmell; to the Committee the Potomac River between Old Town, Md., and Green on Invalid Pensions. Spring, W. Va.; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign · By Mr. RICH: A bill CH. R. 7392) granting an increase Commerce. of pension to Clara E. Deni us; to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. HOBBS: Joint resolution CH. J. Res. 241) to pro Pensions. Tide for the observance and celebration of the one hundredth By Mr. TOLAN: A bill
