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Copyright © 2014 Stephen Gary Crouse All Rights Reserved. The Copyright © 2014 Stephen Gary Crouse All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. A MISSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOUTHERN BAPTIST MULTIETHNIC CHURCHES IN THE UNITED STATES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Stephen Gary Crouse December 2014 APPROVAL SHEET A MISSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOUTHERN BAPTIST MULTIETHNIC CHURCHES IN THE UNITED STATES Stephen Gary Crouse Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Adam W. Greenway (Chair) __________________________________________ Timothy K. Beougher __________________________________________ M. David Sills Date______________________________ This dissertation is dedicated to my wife, Martha, whose love, support, and encouragement made it possible for me to complete this endeavor. I further dedicate this work to our three children, Stephen, Caleb, and Moriah, who sacrificed time with Dad so that I could complete this work. Their constant love and encouragement are a source of strength to me. I am also grateful for the heritage of faith that was passed to me through my grandfather, Lonnie Henry Rhodes, and my godly parents, Clair Hurley Crouse, Sr., and Louise Rhodes Crouse. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE . viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 The Ethical Segregation of Southern Baptist Churches . 1 A Missiological Foundation for Ethnic Inclusiveness . 6 Thesis . 12 Background . 14 Definitions . 20 Limitations and Delimitations . 27 Research Methodology . 29 2. THE MISSION OF THE CHURCH AND SOUTHERN BAPTIST MULTIETHNIC CHURCHES . 32 The Mission of the Church . 33 Image Bearers of the Creator . 33 Blest to Bless Others . 36 A Light to the Nations . 40 To Seek and to Save the Lost . 42 The Gospel Is for All Ethnicities . 45 Ethnic Inclusiveness in the Ministry of Jesus . 49 Jesus’ Encounter at the Well in Samaria . 49 The Parable of the Good Samaritan . 58 The Ethnic Diversity of Churches in the New Testament . 65 iv Chapter Page The Samaritan Revival . 65 Peter and Cornelius . 70 The Church at Antioch . 74 The Church at Ephesus . 76 3. A HISTORY OF ETHNIC DIVERSITY AMONG SOUTHERN BAPTISTS . 80 The Founding of the Southern Baptist Convention . 82 Slavery . 83 The Mission of the Church . 90 The Birth of the Convention . 94 Mission to Hispanics . 98 The Abolition of Slavery . 107 The Civil Rights Movement and Beyond . 114 The Struggle for Integration . 116 A Racialized Society . 125 Immigration . 128 Socioeconomic Factors . 131 Repentance and Hope . 136 4. SOUTHERN BAPTIST MULTIETHNIC CHURCHES AND THE HOMOGENEOUS UNIT PRINCIPLE . 141 Background of the Homogeneous Unit Principle . 142 Defining the Homogeneous Unit Principle . 148 The Principle Observed . 152 Descriptive or Prescriptive . 157 A Missiological Evaluation of the Homogeneous Principle . 158 Biblical Challenges . 159 A Guide for Conversion, Not Perfecting . 167 v Chapter Page Sociological Observations . 171 People Movements and Multiethnic Churches. 176 Cross Cultural Evangelism. 177 5. THE CRITICAL ISSUE OF WORSHIP IN SOUTHERN BAPTIST MULTIETHNIC CHURCHES . 182 Worship and the Mission of the Church . 185 Worship Defined . 190 The Priority of Worship . 193 The Need for an Authoritative Standard to Guide Worship . 195 The Reliability of the Bible . 199 The Standard for Faith and Practice . 204 Aspects of Corporate Worship . 205 Music . 208 Prayer . 216 Preaching . 218 The Factor of Time . 221 Worship Behavior . 223 The Language Barrier . 224 Ethnic Inclusivism . 226 Worship in Spirit and Truth . 227 6. CONCLUSION . 231 Issues Raised and Addressed . 233 Areas for Further Study . 240 Final Thoughts . 242 Appendix 1. SNOWBALL SAMPLING SURVEY . 244 vi Chapter Page 2. MULTIETHNIC CHURCH LEADERSHIP SURVEY . 246 3. PASTORAL INTERVIEW QUESTIONS . 253 4. PARTICIPATING SBC MULTIETHNIC CHURCHES . 255 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 257 vii PREFACE Although this dissertation marks the conclusion of an academic journey for me, I am reminded that my whole life has prepared me for this task. I am grateful for the Christian heritage that has been passed on to me by my grandparents and parents and the nurture of Glen Hope Baptist Church in Burlington, North Carolina, where I grew up. Through the ministry of this church I grew to know, study, and love the Bible. It is the authority through which everything else must be evaluated. It is truthful and reliable. The teachers and coaches who worked with me at Graham High School in Graham, North Carolina, continued to nurture my faith. The professors who challenged and encouraged me at Gardner-Webb College, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, and Southern Baptist Theological Seminary had a profound impact on my spiritual and academic growth. Charles Lawless, former Dean of the Billy Graham School for Missions, Evangelism, and Church Growth challenged me to think critically and reflectively about theology and practice. He also opened my eyes to the reality of spiritual warfare and the evangelistic needs of metropolitan areas. Tim Beougher’s grasp of the academic arena in theology coupled with his heart for evangelism and appreciation for the work of evangelists served as a model for me in working out the union of these areas. J. D. Payne opened my eyes to the need for strategic. reproducible church plants that are committed to the authority of Scripture while maintaining cultural relevance for an ever-changing world. I am deeply appreciative of the current Dean of the Billy Graham School of Missions, Evangelism, and Ministry, Adam Greenway, who was willing to chair my dissertation committee after J. D. Payne left the seminary to serve as viii Pastor for Church Multiplication at the Church at Brook Hills..
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