Nieman Reports

NIEMAN ~ REPORTS PuBLISHED QuARTERLY BY THE NIEMAN FouNDATION FOR J ouRNALISM AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY VoL. xxxvni, No. r ---------------FROM THE EDITOR'S DESK----- ----- - ---- Cry Havoc n the city of Zurich, a steep lane In the nine years since that assembly, control as "peacetime censorship of a leads to Lindenhof park, overlook press freedom has continued to deter scope unparalleled in the country since I ing the Limmat River. Children's iorate in nearly every part of the globe, the adoption of the Bill of Rights in laughter is bright on the air as they rise and IPI members annuall y have heard 179 1." and fall in swings; placid groups of chess va ri ations on this theme with mounting players hunch over their bo:1rds; far ·re s cndos. below, the chu ffing of di ~ t : llll w:ll ·r tr:lf II 1\ ·urr ·nt 'I ort on vJo rldwic.le sup fi <.: .1dd' to th · to -Il k · dnm'II\IOII o prt:\\IOil o na:di :t ~ l : ll ., that their organ- I o .11' uttnl)\ ' h11 · ' .11.. ., on th · hlu · 11 .\IIOil i ~ ut-d n1 o n: protests in 1983 than \ \111.1 <: . ril\\ th l' I\ ' ,\ md111 H \ I ' 'I \ :11 any time sin ce its founding in 1951. his issue of Nieman Reports in .1nd ' ·.nh ·r · I l ulidn1g ~ arc ~prc:.t d be Turkey was cited as the "most offensive" T cludes contributions that reflect the for · a ba kc.lrup of snow-covered Alps. to journalists, with countries in Africa, tightening bonds of suppression . Anth Accord in g to legend, the park is the Eastern Europe, the Middle East, South, ony Lewis, in his Lovejoy Award accep scene of a notable military event. At the Central, and Latin America, and Asia as tance speech, alerts us to the subtle - end of the thirteenth century, the army close runners-up. and overt - dangers that encroach upon of Albert, son of Rudolph of Hapsburg, In the past year journalists have faced today's media. Jack Foisie looks back on had beseiged the city. The Swiss defense criminal offenses, tortuous travel condi the compatibility of press-military rela became weakened, so the women re tions, ambushes, and have suffered bodi tions during World War II, and rues the maining in the area put on the armor of ly injury and death. Among the suspi current adversarial stance. Jack Burby, soldiers and stood in numbers at the cious fatalities were two Americans killed one of two journalists among some 70 cliff's edge. From afar they appeared to in Central America, "when their car hit corporate and military administrators, be a formidable foe. The invaders felt a land mine, or as others suggest, were returns to the classroom to confront great fear and retreated, thus establishing hit by a rocker." Eight journalists were these and other related complexities. the heroic stature of many nameless murdered in Peru. The impersonality of parliamentary women in the pages of Swiss history. In covering volatile countries, the procedure is brought closer by two To a present-day visitor, strolling along report said, it is not only impossible for travelers. Jan Stucker in Greece and the heights and looking down on the site reporters to appease either side of politi Peggy Simpson in South Africa talked of the attempted attack, the ancient event cal factions, it is also deadly. with people they met and describe how has integrity, so strong is the illusion of "Journalists working in cities and recent legislation bears on citizens' per power over the commerce and life below. towns face an equal danger from right sonal lives. The traveler, still panting from the steep and lefr wing death squads. Factions Bruce Stannard of Australia gives us climb up the roadway, had been sitting, who dislike a particular point of view a look behind the scenes of covering an hour beforehand, in a crowded hall. published in a newspaper frequently tum America's Cup races. Frank Van Riper Journalists, gathered at an annual to the bullet or the bomb as a means of writes about a writer on tour - himself. Assembly of the International Press Insti expressiOn. tute, had listened to reporters from all "In many cases, pleasin g one side over the world describe in matter-of-fact means displeasing the other, with the re tones how their newspapers or radio sta sult th at re porters are left in the middle." tions had been banned, news offices triking ·~ new note, this year's report closed, bombed, or burned, and col asserted that in the United States, "the he need to act is urgent. Beleag leagues threatened and jailed. The brand Administration of President Ronald Rea T uered journali sts must put on their new IPI member, sobered by the dreadful gan continued its assaults on freedom of armor :'llld swnd guard on the heights litany, sought relief at the end of the information in 1983." to sound th e alarm against those who meeting and went for a walk. The pano A voice from another qu arter wa s wou ld I :llt r the stronghold of words, rama from the hilltop provided a heard when a spokesperson of the Am r and put th m in fetters. momentary antidote to anger and fru s ican Society of Newspaper Editors d · tration. nounced the Reagan proposals for m :di:t -T.B.K.L. 2 Nieman Reports CONTENTS NIEMAN 2 Cry Havoc Tenney B. K. Lehman 4 Cold Warriors in the Classroom Jack Burby REPORTS Harvard polishes up its intensive program for the military brass. Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1 8 Setting the Record Straight Spring 1984 10 The Critical Role of the Press: Issues of Democracy Anthony Lewis New and subtle dangers threaten the freedom of the American press. 15 Press-Military Relations Jack Foisie Editor Compatibility between correspondents and the military and naval brass TENNEY BARBARA K. LEHMAN during World War II was a mutually useful tie. Today it is polarized. Editorial Assistants 17 The First Lady of Greece and Women's Rights Jan Stucker NANCY DAY Social change and acceptance of the new order still are in the infancy stage. JILL NORTON ELIZABETH TIBBITTS 19 Passengers On A Train Peggy Simpson Afrikaners and the new constitution Business Manager KETTEE J. BOLING 21 Windward Was Easy Bruce Stannard Covering America's Cup Races: A Report from an Australian Journalist Production JAN MORGAN 24 Tour Frank Van Riper Book-plugging can be humbling. Publisher JAMES C. THOMSON JR. 26 Books The Reporter's Handbook: An Investigator's Guide to Documents and Techniques edited by john Ullmann and Steve Honeyman William Marimow Nieman Reports (USPS #340-650) is published quarterly by the Nieman Foundation for Journalism ar Harvard Universiry, One Francis Avenue, Cam The Nonsexist Communicator: Solving the Problems bridge, MA 02138. Copyright ©:1984 by the Presi of Gender and Awareness in Modern English dent and Fellows of Harvard College. by Bobbye D. Sorrels Barbara Straus Reed Subscription $15.00 a year; add $10.00 for for eign air mail. Single copies $4.00. Back copies are Technologies of Freedom by !thief de Sola Po ol Gerald B. Jordan ava il able from the Nieman Office. Please address all subscription correspondence and change of address information to P. 0 . Box Comparative Mass Media Systems edited by L. John 4951, Manchester, NH 03108. Martin and Anju Grover Chaudhary Dana R. Bu ll en Glenn: The Astronaut Who Would Be President by Frank Van Riper Edwin Diamond Second-class postage paid at Boston, Massachusetts, and additional entries. PosTMASTER: Send form 3579 to P. 0. Box 4951, Manchester, NH 03108. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy edited by Kenneth Maxwell Douglas L. Wheclt:r Committee to Select Nieman Fellows Named Cover photograph: A pasqueflower blooms; the 35 peaks of Glacier National Park rise in the distance. By Bert Lindler (NF '84 ). 36 Nieman Notes Sp rin ~ l lJX4 • Cold Warriors Ill the Classroom Jack Burby Harvard polishes up its intensive program for the military brass. here is no limit, apparently, to what Harvard Univer intellectual aerobics at the JFK School that jogs - on a sched sity is prepared to teach. It recently enrolled the ule more like boot camp than classroom - from war games T whole earth in a course on avoiding nuclear war. There to morality in international relations to the First Amendment is no guarantee of credits, let alone graduation. and beyond. The announcement of the project received little notice out Allison promoted the program at the Pentagon in 1977 with side of Harvard's own publications, perhaps because so grandi an argument that Washington's Cold Warriors would benefit ose an idea as preventing the unthinkable must seem unprint from being lifted above the humdrum of warhead and troop able except "here at Harvard:' deployments, diplomatic maneuverin g, and global snooping for But you can get a different view from survivors of another a new look at each other and at the world they arm to save. little-noticed Harvard project at the John F. Kennedy School Most of the students work in or around defense or diplo of Government, a short walk from H arvard Square on land macy. Last summer two newspapermen showed up - Morris where MBTA subway cars spent the night back when Nieman Thompson, th e Latin Ameri ca correspondent for Newsday, men outnumbered Nieman women. ;md me. For two weeks, we watched some of Harvard's best The few hundred survivors, which Harva rd in sists on ca ll prowl back and forth in carpeted amphitheaters, provoking ing alumni, have for the past five years spent pan of t.:ac h questions, and ducking par answers while they slashed away summer li stening to and talking back to many of tht.: f:tcu lt y ;ll the world's most elaborate and elegant blackboards.

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