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IBM のパソコン事業参入に関するケース・スタディ (1) パソコン市場への参入に遅れた IBM が 1980 年代初頭にパソコン開発に関して下した技術的決断に関 わる組織外的要因と組織内的要因 A
技術戦略論 2011 講義メモ> CASE STUDY>IBM の PC 市場参入 IBM のパソコン事業参入に関するケース・スタディ (1) パソコン市場への参入に遅れた IBM が 1980 年代初頭にパソコン開発に関して下した技術的決断に関 わる組織外的要因と組織内的要因 a. 組織外的要因 --- 1970 年代後半期におけるパソコン市場 メインフレームやミニ・コンピュータといった製品から構成されていたコンピュータ産業に、1970 年代中 頃にパーソナル・コンピュータという製品が付け加わることになった。メインフレーム、ミニ・コンピュータ、 パーソナル・コンピュータではそれぞれターゲットとする顧客層が異なった。 産業構造 メインフレーム、ミニ・コンピュータの製造に関わるほとんどの企業は、垂直統合型構造を志向したが、 パーソナル・コンピュータに関わったほとんどの企業は、応用ソフト、OS、CPU、記憶装置など主要構成 要素に関して分業型構造を志向した。 組 織 PC 市場は 1975 年頃から急激な成長を開始し、1981 年の米国パソコン市場は推定出荷台数 70 万 市場 外 台、推定売上 10 億ドルという規模にまでなっていた。 的 要 競合企業 Apple 社、Commodore 社、Tandy=RadioShack 社 因 先行製品 AppleII(1977.4)、PET 2001(1977.4)、TRS-80(1977.8)などの 8 ビットパソコン 先行製品の 8080 系マイクロプロセッサー(インテルの 8080 と互換性を持つマイクロプロセッサー)>シェア大 採用CPU 6800 系マイクロプロセッサー(モトローラの 6800 と互換性を持つマイクロプロセッサー)>シェア小 ユーザー 主要なユーザー層が、イノベーター(Innovators)からアーリー・アダプター(Early Adopters)へと移行中 b. 組織外的要因 --- 1970 年代後半期におけるパソコン市場 製品の差別化を可能とする要素技術の自社保有の有無およびそうした技 術を開発する能力 自社の 「技術開発」力 パソコンでいえば、CPU の開発力、OS の開発力、アプリケーション・ソフトの開発 力、プログラミング言語の開発力などがこうした「技術開発」力になる 様々な要素技術や部品・ソフトウェアを組み合わせて「魅力」的な製品を 企画・開発・設計する能力 パソコンでいえば、「どのような CPU を採用するのか?」、「プレ・インストール用 製品に関わる OS としてどんな OS を採用するのか?」、「どのようなアプリケーション・ソフトをプ 技術力 レ・インストールしておくのか?」、「周辺機器接続のための拡張カードを利用する (Product Innovation ために、どのような拡張バス(ISA バスなのか、PCI バスなのか、AGP バスなのか、 組 に関わる技術力) 自社の PCI-EXPRESS バスなのか)を採用するのか、あるいは、拡張バスをどれだけの数 織 「製品開発」力 内 だけ設けるのか(あるいは拡張バスを設けないのか)?」、「外部周辺機器を簡単 的 「製品デザイン」 に接続してすぐに使うためにどのような接続ポート(ex.RS232C 接続ポート、ジョイ 要 力 スティック接続ポート、USB 接続ポート、IEEE1394 接続ポート、外部ディスプレイ 因 接続ポート)を採用するのか?」「どのようなマザーボードを採用するのか?」などと いった異なる複数の技術的方式の選択に関わる技術的判断を必要とする事柄に 関する能力 ----なお、 「どのような容量の HDD を採用するのか?」「FDD -
Android-X86 Project Marshmallow Porting
Android-x86 Project Marshmallow Porting https://drive.google.com/open?id=1mND8K-AXbMMl8- wOTe75NOpM0xOcJbVy8UorryHOWsY 黃志偉 [email protected] 2015/11/28 http://www.android-x86.org Agenda ●Introduction: what, why, how? ●History and milestones ●Current status ●Porting procedure ●Develop android-x86 ●Future plans android-x86.org About Me ●A free software and open source amateur and promoter from Taiwan ■ CLDP / CLE ■ GNU Gatekeeper ■ Android-x86 Open Source Project ●https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwhuang android-x86.org Introduction ●What's Android-x86? ●Why needs Android-x86? ●How can we do it? android-x86.org What's Android-x86 ? ●An open source project aimed to provide a complete solution for Android on x86 devices ●Android BSP (Board support Package) for x86 platform ●At first we use ASUS Eee PC and Virtualbox as the reference platform. ●Some vendors donate tablets, like Tegatech Tegav2, 4tiitoo AG WeTab and AMD android-x86.org Why needs Android-x86? ●Android is an open source operating-system originally designed for arm platform ●It's open source, we can port it to other platforms, like mips, PowerPC and x86 ●AOSP officially supports x86 now ● AOSP doesn’t have specific hardware components ● Still a lot of work to do to make it run on a real device android-x86.org But what are the benefits? ●Understanding Android porting process ●The x86 platform is widely available ●A test platform much faster than SDK emulator ●Android-x86 on vbox / vmware ●Suitable for tablet apps android-x86.org Android architecture android-x86.org How to do that? ●Toolchains – already in AOSP, but old.. -
Investigating Choices of Appropriate Devices for One-To-One Computing Initiatives in Schools Worldwide
International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 6, No. 10, October 2016 Investigating Choices of Appropriate Devices for One-to-One Computing Initiatives in Schools Worldwide M. Sirajul Islam and Annika Andersson schools should be governed by “creating an environment in Abstract—The use of technology in schools is rapidly which the child will become highly involved in experience of increasing – today most notably through the one-to-one (1:1) a kind to provide rich soil for the growth in intuitions and programs that are being implemented all around the world. concepts for dealing with thinking, learning, playing, and so Considering how new technologies are emerging fast and obsoleting others in schools, there is a need to continuously on” [5]. In this direction, one of the first practical initiatives monitor and understand the features of various devices in terms on implementing constructionist learning for children with of embedded technology and interaction with users. This paper computers was the development of programming language therefore presents the nature of computing devices used in 1:1 called „Logo‟ in 1967. Following such initiatives, Alan C. computing programs in schools around the world, including Kay, who was closely associated with Papert for promoting investigating the benefits and drawbacks, by means of a and implementing computer based educational constructivism, systematic literature review and a survey conducted in some schools in Sweden. The paper also presents findings based on developed a laptop computer for children in 1970 based on how the various uses of technology affect cooperation practices the sketches of the KiddiComp called „Daynabook‟ as well as personal exploration. -
ASUS Eee PC 1015BX - Unprecedented Performance for Excellent Multimedia Enjoyment
Eee PC 1015BX ASUS Eee PC 1015BX - Unprecedented performance for excellent multimedia enjoyment • Thin and light AMD Brazos platform with Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) combines high performance with low power consumption • AMD Radeon™ HD 6250 integrated graphics, DirectX® 11 and Unified Video Decoder 3 for high definition visuals • Enjoy Full HD 1080p on a HDTV or big display via a HDMI connection • USB Charger+ allows USB mobile devices to be charged anytime without booting up Superior performance with the AMD dual core USB Charger+* for instant charging anytime processor Need to charge your mobile phone, but aren’t using the netbook at the moment? The latest AMD Brazos C50* processor provides users an unprecedented No problem. Charge your mobile device through the USB port without the need experience of the all new Accelerated Processing Unit (APU). The APU to boot up your notebook. (*USB Charger+ is only available in the USB3.0 SKU) combines a high performance CPU and discrete GPU giving users the best in multimedia enjoyment. With the super low power consumption that the Eee PC 1015BX draws, you can have fun anytime, anywhere. Unbelievable HD multimedia experience With the embedded AMD Radeon™ HD 6250 graphics, the Eee PC 1015BX provides users the best portable multimedia enjoyment for its size. DirectX® 11 support – exceptional 3D performance allows users to play games and video smoother than ever before. Users can enjoy smooth, Full HD 1080p content through the HDMI port to an HD display without any latency. Connect it to a home theater system to enjoy true 7.1 Surround sound playback alongside the Full HD content for the ultimate viewing experience No compromise with the battery life Thanks to the ASUS exclusive Super Hybrid Engine technology, power consumption can be saved up to 15%, providing up to 8.5** hours of battery life. -
Samsung Preston-20090914-E34
For Immediate Release CSL Launches Exclusive Samsung Handset & Netbook - Samsung Anycall Preston S5600H & Samsung NC10 Netbook (Hong Kong, 22 September 2009) — CSL Limited (CSL), Hong Kong’s first and leading mobile network operator, today announced the exclusive launch of Samsung Anycall Preston S5600H full touch phone and Samsung NC10 HSDPA version netbook. With CSL’s Next G TM mobile broadband network, customers can enjoy a mobile music, entertainment and Internet experience on their 3.5G full touchscreen handset or latest 10.2-inch netbook to enjoy a mobile lifestyle. Available exclusively at CSL, the Samsung Anycall Preston S5600H comes with a new 3x TOUCHWiZ User Interface, Tab Page by Features and a comprehensive package of in-built and pre-loaded multimedia features. A 3.2 Mega-pixel camera, with advanced camera technologies, such as Smile Shot, shooting modes and scenes, provides clear and sharp still images. Having 320 x 240 pixels (15fps) means it is also ideal for recording videos. Aenil Premji, Chief Marketing Officer of CSL, said, "Exclusive to CSL, the Samsung Anycall Preston S5600H is a unique HSDPA mobile phone with powerful multimedia features which allows you to enjoy social networking. Connecting with our powerful Next G TM mobile broadband network, it offers our customers the best and true mobile entertainment experience.” Leveraging Digital Natural Sound engine (DNSe TM ) technology, the Samsung Anycall Preston S5600H brings a powerful and seamless music experience to CSL’s customers. In addition to supporting a wide range of music formats, Samsung Anycall Preston S5600H has a large data storage capacity — a 45MB internal memory and a microSDHC™ extended memory of up to 8GB — that allows customers to save and enjoy as much music and as many movies as they like. -
Aspire One Series Service Guide
Aspire one Series Service Guide Service guide files and updates are available on the ACER/CSD web; for more information, please refer to http://csd.acer.com.tw PRINTED IN TAIWAN Revision History Please refer to the table below for the updates made on Aspire one Series service guide. Date Chapter Updates II Copyright Copyright © 2008 by Acer Incorporated. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Acer Incorporated. Disclaimer The information in this guide is subject to change without notice. Acer Incorporated makes no representations or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Any Acer Incorporated software described in this manual is sold or licensed "as is". Should the programs prove defective following their purchase, the buyer (and not Acer Incorporated, its distributor, or its dealer) assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair, and any incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software. Acer is a registered trademark of Acer Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Pentium and Pentium II/III are trademarks of Intel Corporation. Other brand and product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holders. III Conventions The following conventions are used in this manual: SCREEN MESSAGES Denotes actual messages that appear on screen. -
1977: the Year of the Appliance Computer
1977: The year of the appliance computer Vintage Computer Festival East Sunday, April 2, 2017 Bill Degnan The MITS Mobile Computer Carivan traveled across the USA to demonstrate and teach customers about the MITS Altair, and to help customers with their kit project work. There has to be an easier way! Cover, Byte December 1977 Computer Lib / Dream Machines by Theodor Nelson 1977 a Nexus? • Customer demand for user-friendly computers. • Larger Manufacturers with finished systems entering the market • Mass production • Finished Systems well below $2000 • Multiple PC magazines • Special Interest Groups/Clubs/Conventions Enter The “Appliance Computer” • Phrase coined by Carl Helmers, Byte editor in January 1977 • Finished product desktop general-purpose computer complete with software (BASIC) • Reasonably Priced, purchased at a retail store or computer shop • Turnkey Computer – Works right out of the box • User does not need to know electronics or techniques of tuning of hardware • User does not need to build custom bootstrap program to initiate system • User manual uses pictures and examples to teach use, designed for simplicity. • The point of ownership is not to build the computer and maintain it Appliance computers for small business? You Bet! • A single computer is used in a very small business to take the place of several people either by saving the cost of salaries and benefits or freeing people for other tasks. • Eliminates manual processing of clerical work – inventory, book keeping, spreadsheets, production control, automated process monitoring and measuring, elimination of other paper shuffling. • New capabilities like presentations, mailing lists and other customer sorting, telephone files, library catalogs other databases. -
Testing the Industry's Slickest Netbooks 5 August 2009, Game Informer Magazine
Have gear, will travel: Testing the industry's slickest netbooks 5 August 2009, Game Informer Magazine Sacrificing a small amount of performance in favor battery means you can't upgrade to a bigger charge of convenience and travel ease, netbooks are all or carry around an extra for long trips. The glossy the rage. It's easy to see why. While they won't let finish also attracts fingerprints. you play next year's hottest PC titles, they can handle a round or two of "Plants vs. Zombies," are $429.99, eeepc.asus.com great for watching videos on the plane, and are so light you won't notice them in your travel bag. ___ These books all feature a 10-inch screens, 160GB hard drives, 1 GB of DDR2 RAM, and come Samsung NC10 packed with Windows XP Home Edition. It's the little details that set these flyweights apart. Rating: 8/10 Acer Aspire One D150 Pro: Sporting a nearly full-sized keyboard, the NC10 is the most comfortable netbook we found for Rating: 8/10 typing. We also loved its crisp, clean 1024 x 600 screen, solid five-hour battery, and quick boot-up Pro: The cheapest book we tested also delivered speed. the most well-rounded performance. We especially liked the five-hour battery life and its glossy, 1024 x Con: While not necessarily slow, the NC10 lagged 600 resolution, LED-backlit display. the most on the net, and the system could use a bigger touchpad and second mouse button. Con: The Aspire's smaller keyboard makes typing a pain, but that's pretty standard for a netbook. -
Get Connected
® SAMSUNG recommends Windows for Everyday Computing get connected anywhere and everywhere Intel® Atom™ processor Based on an entirely new micro- ® architecture, the Intel Atom™ processor increases energy efficiency to extend battery life, whilst delivering enhanced mobile performance and increased system responsiveness on netbook devices. Seeing is believing The NC10’s 10.2” widescreen display is optimised to deliver a seamless visual experience, so you can enjoy photo-like image quality, greater viewing angles and better text legibility, reducing eye strain and improving your experience. Ergonomic Keyboard The NC10 Incorporates a normal- size, notebook PC style keyboard, Developed with the needs of the “kinetic elite” in mind, the for easy typing. Its ergonomic design and optimized key spacing Samsung NC10 is expertly crafted to complement people’s make working and communicating a fast-paced and digitally interconnected lives. The result is much more pleasurable and truly ground-breaking – giving people a powerful, stylish and productive experience, with fewer errors and faster typing speeds. convenient way to share information, photos, music, personal content and stay connected to the Internet at home and on the move. And for that extra touch of style, the superb look and feel of its ultra-compact and elegant chassis is accentuated with a choice of colours and haptic styling. Even though it is one of the world’s lightest netbook in its 10.2" class, weighing just 1.33kg with a powerful 6 cell battery, the NC10’s innovative design is packed with the latest technology for maximum mobility and productivity. It also incorporates a range of practical features, like a normal- size, ergonomic notebook PC style keyboard, to simplify life on the move. -
ICT & Education Specialist the World Bank
People and Technology in World Class Education Systems News, perspectives and challenges from developing countries Michael Trucano Sr. ICT & Education Specialist The World Bank EMINENT Rome, Italy 4 December 2008 drawing on Lessons from the World Bank and the International Donor Community What we know and what we don’t about using technology in education in developing countries What we know and what we don’t about using technology effectively in education in developing countries (and how might this be relevant for Europe) ? “I believe that the Internet is destined to revolutionize our educational system and that in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks. It is possible to touch every branch of human knowledge through the Internet . “ I believe that the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and that in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks. It is possible to touch every branch of human knowledge through the motion picture . -- Thomas Edison 1922 ICTs in Education ICTS radio computers = information TV & Internet communication phones technologies devices photo opportunities or strategic choices for education reform ? Michael Trucano Sr. ICT & Education Specialist The World Bank helping the World Bank education sector and international donor community and ‘client countries’ “Get smart” @ appropriate relevant effective and, just as importantly… in appropriate ir relevant in effective uses of technologies to aid a variety of developmental objectives in the education sector What is the World Bank ? a global development institution owned by > 180 member countries with: – significant financial resources – an experienced, knowledgeable, and dedicated staff – convening power – experts in more than 100 countries. -
Retrocomputer Magazine
Jurassic News Retrocomputing: Buon compleanno tre scuole di Spectrum! pensiero, un solo movimento C R La storia del BASIC A Y 1 Le mostre Torino: Steve Jobs 1955-2011 Bertiolo 2012 Apple Club: il miniBASIC Trento: Era domani Retrocomputer Magazine Anno 7 - Numero 41 - Maggio 2012 Collophon I dati editoriali della rivista Jurassic News Jurassic News Rivista aperiodica di Retrocomputer Jurassic News Coordinatore editoriale: Tullio Nicolussi [Tn] E’ una fanzine dedicata al retro- Redazione: computing nella più ampia accezione del [email protected] termine. Gli articoli trattano in generale dell’informatica a partire dai primi anni Hanno collaborato a questo numero: ‘80 e si spingono fino ...all’altro ieri. Besdelsec [Bs] Lorenzo [L2] La pubblicazione ha carattere Sonicher [Sn] puramente amatoriale e didattico, tutte Salvatore Macomer [Sm] Lorenzo Paolini [Lp] le informazioni sono tratte da materiale Giovanni [jb72] originale dell’epoca o raccolte su Internet. Antonio Tierno Cecilia Botta Normalmente il materiale originale, Moira Bertolini anche se “giurassico” in termini Felice Pescatore informatici, non è privo di restrizioni di Luca Papinutti utilizzo, pertanto non sempre è possibile Damiano Cavicchio Massimo Cellini riportare per intero articoli, foto, schemi, listati, etc…, che non siano esplicitamente Diffusione: liberi da diritti. La rivista viene diffusa in formato PDF via Internet agli utenti E’ possibile che parti del materiale registrati sul sito: pubblicato derivi da siti internet che non sono citati direttamente negli articoli. www.jurassicnews.com. Questo per la difficoltà di attribuzione del Contatti: materiale alla fonte originale; eventuali [email protected] segnalazioni e relative notifiche sono benvenute. Copyright: I marchi citati sono di copyrights La redazione e gli autori degli dei rispettivi proprietari. -
Technology One Laptop Per Child Launched in 2005 As a High
One Laptop Per Child launched in 2005 as a high- Technology minded effort to bring cheap, durable computers to kids in poor countries. The program has had some notable successes, but its founder has discovered how hard it is to do good. Have Laptop, Will Travel ■ By David Hatch 22 NATIONAL JOURNAL 4/11/09 Have Laptop, Will Travel ■ FULL CLASSROOM: One Laptop Per Child is aiming to distribute 1 million computers in each of six poor nations, including here in Nigeria. 4/11/09 NATIONAL JOURNAL 23 icholas Negroponte, the renowned MIT FOUNDER: Nicholas professor who founded the One Laptop Negroponte has flown all over the world since the Per Child Foundation, has a curious way One Laptop Foundation’s inception in 2005. He has distributed about 800,000 of demonstrating the durability of the computers, configured in 19 different languages, to pint-sized computers that the nonprofit 31 nations so far. so far. Ndistributes to the world’s most RICHARD A. BLOOM impoverished children. Halfway into an interview, he suddenly and forcefully pushes one of the machines off a table. Although such a crash might leave other laptops with mangled screens and missing keys, if not damaged beyond repair, the XO, as these devices are called, survives with nary a scratch. Showcasing the ruggedness of the trademark green-and-white laptops is easy, but persuading the world’s largest poverty-stricken nations to widely distribute them to tens of millions of schoolchil- dren has proven tougher. With vast populations of underprivileged youngsters and deep chasms be- “The most heartwarming use is where kids teach their tween rich and poor, Brazil, China, and India seem parents” to read and write.