DOCSLIB.ORG

Interface Roughness Effect on Friction Map Under Fretting Contact Conditions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Interface Roughness Effect on Friction Map Under Fretting Contact Conditions University of Huddersfield Repository Kubiak, Krzysztof, Mathia, T.G. and Fouvry, S. Interface roughness effect on friction map under fretting contact conditions Original Citation Kubiak, Krzysztof, Mathia, T.G. and Fouvry, S. (2010) Interface roughness effect on friction map under fretting contact conditions. Tribology International, 43 (8). 1500 - 1507. ISSN 0301-679X This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/21593/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ Published in Tribology International 2010 Vol. 43, Issues 8 (2010) p. 1500-1507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.02.010 Interface roughness effect on friction map under fretting contact conditions K.J. Kubiak, T.G. Mathia, S. Fouvry 1 Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS UMR 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: In many industrial applications where fretting damage is observed in the contact (e.g. rotor/blade, electrical contacts, assembly joint, axe/wheel, clutch) the external loadings or geometry design cannot be changed. Therefore, the surface preparation and finishing process become essential to control and reduce the damage caused by fretting. In this paper, the authors present the experimental study of the initial surface roughness and machining process influence on fretting conditions in both partial and full sliding regimes. Surfaces prepared by milling and smooth abrasive polishing processes have been analysed. The influence of roughness on sliding behaviour and analysis of friction have been reported. Also, the contact pressure influence and qualitative analysis of fretting wear scar have been presented. Keywords: Fretting map, Surface roughness, Sliding regime, Texturation. Nomenclature: δ - displacement ( µm), δ* - displacement amplitude ( µm), δt - sliding transition displacement amplitude ( µm), ∆δ - incremental step of displacement amplitude ( µm), P - normal force (N), Q - tangential force (N), Q* - tangential force amplitude (N), po - maximum Hertzian’s contact pressure (MPa), a – Hertzian’s contact radius ( µm), N - number of fretting cycles, ∆N - number of fretting cycles between the incremental steps of displacement, Sq - 3D surface root mean square (RMS) roughness (µm), Sa - 3D surface average roughness (µm), Sz - 3D surface peak-to-valley average maximum height (µm), St - 3D surface peak-to-valley maximum peak height (µm), µ - coefficient of friction Q */P, 1 Published in Tribology International 2010 Vol. 43, Issues 8 (2010) p. 1500-1507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.02.010 PS - partial slip (sliding condition regime), FS - full sliding (sliding condition regime), µt - coefficient of friction at the transition PS/FS, µstab - stabilised coefficient of friction in FS regime, σY(0.2%) - yeld stress (MPa), σUTS - ultimate tensile stress (MPa), E- elastic modulus (GPa), 1 Introduction Fretting phenomenon is considered as a special damage process related to wear and cracking. Fretting occurs in the contact between two bodies subjected to the normal load and sliding induced by external cyclic forces or vibration. Depending on the relative displacement at the interface, Partial Slip or Full Sliding condition can be observed in the contact. In PS situation, the central zone of the contact, remains in stick condition, without the relative displacement and the external zone of contact is subjected to sliding (Fig. 1). In the FS condition, the entire area of contact is subjected to sliding (Fig. 1). Therefore, the fretting damage mode depends on sliding conditions, leading to cracking under PS and wear under FS condition [1]. Fretting is a dynamical process where sliding conditions and surface morphology of contacting materials can vary with time. In many industrial applications, it is not possible to control the fretting degradation process. Therefore, the initial design of such elements is the only way to prevent or to reduce the fretting phenomenon and surface damage. If it is not possible to modify the contact loading to reduce fretting degradation, the initial roughness could be optimised. Dulias et all. noted strong influence of surface roughness on sliding conditions [2]. However, relation between surface morphology and friction behaviour has been mainly studied in the mono-directional sliding [3] or in the FS conditions in order to evaluate the influence of roughness on wear behaviour [4]. In this paper, focus will be given on small amplitude, fretting sliding conditions. Under fretting and especially in the PS condition not much work has been published. Wong et all. [5] have reported influence of roughness on ceramics under mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication, a decreasing friction coefficient has been found for smoother surfaces. For aluminium alloy under dry fretting contact conditions Proudhon et all. [6] have noted influence of roughness where the rough surface tends to decrease the coefficient of friction at transition from PS to FS. 2 Published in Tribology International 2010 Vol. 43, Issues 8 (2010) p. 1500-1507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.02.010 Contact behaviour damages stick zone Partial Slip (PS) sliding zone cracking δ sliding transition : t displacement amplitude Full Slip (FS) full sliding wear Fig. 1: Typical fretting damage observed under Partial Slip and Full Slip conditions [7]. To illustrate the transition between PS and FS the relationship between contact loading conditions (normal load, displacement amplitude, tangential load) and the sliding conditions (Partial Slip, Full Sliding) have to be considered. This relationship and observed damage phenomenon (cracking in PS and wear in FS) can be illustrated on the so-called Fretting Maps (FM). Firstly introduced by Vingsbo [8] the FM can present the running conditions (Running Conditions Fretting Map, RCFM, Fig. 2a) and material response (Material Response Fretting Map, MRFM, Fig. 2b). 600 600 500 500 Partial Slip Cracking 400 400 300 300 200 Full Slip 200 Wear Normal forceN/mm P, Normal force N/mm P, 100 100 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 a) Displacement amplitude δ*, µm b) Tangential force amplitude Q*, N/mm Fig. 2 Fretting maps: a) RCFM, b) MRFM, (AISI 1034, cylinder/plane configuration, R=40mm, normalised by cylinder axial contact length, N/mm) [9]. In PS condition where displacement is limited to external zone of contact (Fig. 1) surface roughness can influence local sliding condition, and generate local plastic deformation at contacting surface peaks. This lead to change in sliding behaviour and can cause uncontrolled damage. Therefore, better understanding of the surface roughness influence on fretting sliding phenomenon have a great interest for practical applications. This paper present the experimental results of initial surface roughness influence on fretting sliding conditions, to illustrate 3 Published in Tribology International 2010 Vol. 43, Issues 8 (2010) p. 1500-1507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.02.010 this relationship fretting map concept have been used. Reported fretting map curves, plotted for surfaces with different initial roughness, demonstrate their influence on friction behaviour. 2 Experimental procedure Fretting tests have been curried out using classical sphere/plane configuration, where the radius of sphere was 50 mm. Specific fretting device has been rigidly mounted on the universal fatigue machine [10]. Schematic diagram of fretting test equipment is presented in the Fig. 3. measured relative displacement δ(t) sphere R=50mm 52100 normal plane sample force AISI 1034 P Y X measured FIXED MOVING tangential force Q(t) imposed displacement Fig. 3: Schematic diagram of fretting test device in sphere/plane configuration. During the test, applied normal force P has been kept constant, sinusoidal displacement has been successively increased (see section 2.2). The normal force P, tangential force Q and relative displacement δ have been recorded. All experiments have been performed at displacement frequency of 20 Hz. Before the tests, all specimens have been cleaned in acetone and ethanol. Tests have been performed in ambient labolatory conditions at the temperature ~23ºC, and the relative humidity between 40 and 45%. 2.1 Studied materials One of the industrial applications where fretting problem is occurring is contact between the axe and wheel of the train. In this application, the important plastic deformation have been observed due to fitting process. Authors inspired by this application, have selected similar low carbon alloy AISI 1034 for the plane material. In order to reduce the plastic deformation in the contact, the AISI 52100 material has been used for the sphere 4 Published in Tribology International 2010 Vol. 43, Issues 8 (2010) p. 1500-1507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2010.02.010 counterbody. Chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the studied materials are listed in the Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. Table 1: Chemical composition of tested materials. Materials C Mn Cr Ni Ti Cu Si P S Mo V AISI 1034 max 0.38 1.2 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 0.5 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.06 (plane) (%) 5210 max 1.0 0.3 1.5 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.02 0.02 0.1 0.3 (sphere) (%) Table 2: Mechanical properties of tested materials.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Static Friction at Fractal Interfaces
    Dorian Hanaor, Yixiang Gan and Itai Einav (2016). Static friction at fractal interfaces. Tribology International, 93, 229-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2015.09.016 Static friction at fractal interfaces Dorian A. H. Hanaor, Yixiang Gan, Itai Einav School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.09.016 Abstract: Tribological phenomena are governed by combined effects of material properties, topology and surface- chemistry. We study the interplay of multiscale-surface-structures with molecular-scale interactions towards interpreting static frictional interactions at fractal interfaces. By spline-assisted-discretization we analyse asperity interactions in pairs of contacting fractal surface profiles. For elastically deforming asperities, force analysis reveals greater friction at surfaces exhibiting higher fractality, with increasing molecular-scale friction amplifying this trend. Increasing adhesive strength yields higher overall friction at surfaces of lower fractality owing to greater true-contact-area. In systems where adhesive-type interactions play an important role, such as those where cold-welded junctions form, friction is minimised at an intermediate value of surface profile fractality found here to be in the regime 1.3-1.5. Our results have implications for systems exhibiting evolving surface structures. Keywords: Contact mechanics, friction, fractal, surface structures 1 Dorian Hanaor, Yixiang Gan and Itai Einav (2016). Static friction at fractal interfaces. Tribology
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Surface Quality: Beyond Average Roughness (Ra)
    Paper ID #23551 Understanding Surface Quality: Beyond Average Roughness (Ra) Dr. Chittaranjan Sahay P.E., University of Hartford Dr. Sahay has been an active researcher and educator in Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering for the past four decades in the areas of Design, Solid Mechanics, Manufacturing Processes, and Metrology. He is a member of ASME, SME,and CASE. Dr. Suhash Ghosh, University of Hartford Dr. Ghosh has been actively working in the areas of advanced laser manufacturing processes modeling and simulations for the past 12 years. His particular areas of interests are thermal, structural and materials modeling/simulation using Finite Element Analysis tools. His areas of interests also include Mechanical Design and Metrology. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Understanding Surface Quality: Beyond Average Roughness (Ra) Abstract Design of machine parts routinely focus on the dimensional and form tolerances. In applications where surface quality is critical and requires a characterizing indicator, surface roughness parameters, Ra (roughness average) is predominantly used. Traditionally, surface texture has been used more as an index of the variation in the process due to tool wear, machine tool vibration, damaged machine elements, etc., than as a measure of the performance of the component. There are many reasons that contribute to this tendency: average roughness remains so easy to calculate, it is well understood, and vast amount of published literature explains it, and historical part data is based upon it. It has been seen that Ra, typically, proves too general to describe surface’s true functional nature. Additionally, the push for complex geometry, coupled with the emerging technological advances in establishing new limits in manufacturing tolerances and better understanding of the tribological phenomena, implies the need for surface characterization to correlate surface quality with desirable function of the surface.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Micro- and Surface Structures of Additive Manufactured Selective Laser Melted Nickel Based Superalloys
    DEGREE PROJECT IN TECHNOLOGY, FIRST CYCLE, 15 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2016 A study of micro- and surface structures of additive manufactured selective laser melted nickel based superalloys EMIL STRAND, ALEXANDER WÄRNHEIM KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT Abstract This study examined the micro- and surface structures of objects manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The results show that the surface roughness in additively manufactured objects is strongly dependent on the geometry of the built part whereas the microstructure is largely unaffected. As additive manufacturing techniques improve, the application range increases and new parameters become the limiting factor in high performance applications. Among the most demanding applications are turbine components in the aerospace and energy industries. These components are subjected to high mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses and alloys customized to endure these environments are required, these are often called superalloys. Even though the alloys themselves meet the requirements, imperfections can arise during manufacturing that weaken the component. Pores and rough surfaces serve as initiation points to cracks and other defects and are therefore important to consider. This study used scanning electron-, optical- and focus variation microscopes to evaluate the microstructures as well as parameters of surface roughness in SLM manufactured nickel based superalloys, Inconel 939 and Hastelloy X. How the orientation of the built part affected the surface and microstructure was also examined. The results show that pores, melt pools and grains where not dependent on build geometry whereas the surface roughness was greatly affected. Both the Rz and Ra values of individual measurements were almost doubled between different sides of the built samples.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nano-Scale Multi-Asperity Contact and Friction Model
    A Nano-Scale Multi-Asperity Contact and Friction Model George G. Adams, Sinan Müftü and Nazif Mohd Azhar Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 334 SN Northeastern University Boston, MA 02115, USA Submitted to Journal of Tribology, ASME Transactions, for review September 2002 Abstract As surfaces become smoother and loading forces decrease in applications such as MEMS and NEMS devices, the asperity contacts which comprise the real contact area will continue to decrease into the nano scale regime. Thus it becomes important to understand how the material and topographical properties of surfaces contribute to measured friction forces at this nano scale. In this investigation, the single asperity nano contact model of Hurtado and Kim is incorporated into a multi-asperity model for contact and friction which includes the effect of asperity adhesion forces using the Maugis-Dugdale model. The model spans the range from nano-scale to micro-scale to macro-scale contacts. Three key dimensionless parameters have been identified which represent combinations of surface roughness measures, Burgers vector length, surface energy, and elastic properties. Results are given for the friction coefficient vs. normal force, the normal and friction forces vs. separation, and the pull-off force for various values of these key parameters. Keywords: friction coefficient; contact; nanocontacts; multi-asperity models. 1 Nomenclature A = real contact area AM = Maugis model contact radius Aˆ = contact radius correction factor B = y-intercept
    [Show full text]
  • On the Debris-Level Origins of Adhesive Wear
    On the debris-level origins of adhesive wear Ramin Aghababaeia,b, Derek H. Warnerc, and Jean-Franc¸ois Molinaria,b,1 aInstitute of Civil Engineering, Ecole´ Polytechnique Fed´ erale´ de Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; bInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole´ Polytechnique Fed´ erale´ de Lausanne, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and cSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Edited by David A. Weitz, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved June 1, 2017 (received for review January 17, 2017) Every contacting surface inevitably experiences wear. Predicting contact junctions with sizes above a critical junction size, which is the exact amount of material loss due to wear relies on empiri- a function of bulk and interfacial properties. This finding opens cal data and cannot be obtained from any physical model. Here, the possibility of quantifying the amount of detached materials we analyze and quantify wear at the most fundamental level, i.e., in the form of debris particles and studying the origins of macro- wear debris particles. Our simulations show that the asperity junc- scopically observed wear relations. tion size dictates the debris volume, revealing the origins of the Inspired by this finding (19), this report aims to address how long-standing hypothesized correlation between the wear vol- much material is detached during sliding contact, by focusing on ume and the real contact area. No correlation, however, is found the quantification of wear and the above-mentioned wear rela- between the debris volume and the normal applied force at the tions at the most fundamental level, i.e., wear debris particles.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Surface Roughness in Lubrication
    T. R. Thomas (UK) P. Poon (England) A. O. Lebeck (USA) E. Salbel (USA) Meellng Hall FOREIGN REPORT Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/tribology/article-pdf/100/1/6/5659660/6_1.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 D. Pnuell (Israel) Donald F. Wilcock Effects of Surface Roughness in Manager-Tribology Department, Mechanical Technology tncorporated, Lubrication Latham, N. Y. Fellow AS ME A Review of the Fourth Leeds-Lyon Symposium J. Hoppe (Germany) The fourth symposium in the Leeds-Lyon series was held posium has provided a unique forum which brings together in Lyon on September 13-16, 1977. The symposium subject scientists and engineers of closely similar interests. The range was "Effects of Surface Roughness in Lubrication." of papers from theoretical to practical broadens the outlook The series began in 1974 as a means for the workers in Tri­ of each, and one leaves a meeting of this type with the im­ bology at the Institute ofTribology at Leeds, and at Mechan­ pression that is he well up in the particular field. Many inter­ ical Contacts Laboratory at INSA (lnstitut National des Sci­ national friendships have been begun and cemented at these ences Appliquees at Lyon) to meet together to discuss and symposia. review each others work. Each year a specialized topic is se­ Sessions, comprising papers and discussion, covered topics lected, and others around the world interested in that topic are of Early Concepts, Fluid Mechanics and Rough Surfaces, Ef­ invited to attend. The topic in 1975 was turbulence [41].1 In fects of Roughness in Lubrication Theory, Surface Topography 1976 it was wear of non-metallic materials [42].
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation of the Influence of Initial Roughness on the Friction
    materials Article An Investigation of the Influence of Initial Roughness on the Friction and Wear Behavior of Ground Surfaces Guoxing Liang 1,*, Siegfried Schmauder 2, Ming Lyu 1, Yanling Schneider 2, Cheng Zhang 1 and Yang Han 1 1 Shanxi Precision Machining Key Laboratory, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yingze west street No. 79, Taiyuan 030024, China; [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (C.Z.); [email protected] (Y.H.) 2 Institute for Materials Testing, Materials Science and Strength of Materials (IMWF) University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (Y.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-0351-6018582 Received: 21 November 2017; Accepted: 29 January 2018; Published: 4 February 2018 Abstract: Friction and wear tests were performed on AISI 1045 steel specimens with different initial roughness parameters, machined by a creep-feed dry grinding process, to study the friction and wear behavior on a pin-on-disc tester in dry sliding conditions. Average surface roughness (Ra), root mean square (Rq), skewness (Rsk) and kurtosis (Rku) were involved in order to analyse the influence of the friction and wear behavior. The observations reveal that a surface with initial roughness parameters of higher Ra, Rq and Rku will lead to a longer initial-steady transition period in the sliding tests. The plastic deformation mainly concentrates in the depth of 20–50 µm under the worn surface and the critical plastic deformation is generated on the rough surface. For surfaces with large Ra, Rq, low Rsk and high Rku values, it is easy to lose the C element in, the reciprocating extrusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Roughness Parameters on Coefficient of Friction Under Lubricated Conditions
    Sadhan¯ a¯ Vol. 33, Part 3, June 2008, pp. 181–190. © Printed in India Influence of roughness parameters on coefficient of friction under lubricated conditions PRADEEP L MENEZES1∗, KISHORE1 and SATISH V KAILAS2 1Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Surface texture and thus roughness parameters influence coefficient of friction during sliding. In the present investigation, four kinds of surface textures with varying roughness were attained on the steel plate surfaces. The surface tex- tures of the steel plates were characterized in terms of roughness parameter using optical profilometer. Then the pins made of various materials, such as Al-4Mg alloy, Al-8Mg alloy, Cu, Pb, Al, Mg, Zn and Sn were slid against the prepared steel plates using an inclined pin-on-plate sliding tester under lubricated conditions. It was observed that the surface roughness parameter, namely, Ra, for different tex- tured surfaces was comparable to one another although they were prepared by dif- ferent machining techniques. It was also observed that for a given kind of surface texture the coefficient of friction did not vary with Ra. However, the coefficient of friction changes considerably with surface textures for similar Ra values for all the materials investigated. Thus, attempts were made to study other surface rough- ness parameters of the steel plates and correlate them with coefficient of friction. It was observed that among the surface roughness parameters, the mean slope of the profile, Del a(a), was found to explain the variations best.
    [Show full text]
  • Static and Sliding Contact of Rough Surfaces: Effect of Asperity-Scale
    Static and sliding contact of rough surfaces: effect of asperity-scale properties and long-range elastic interactions Srivatsan Hulikal, Nadia Lapusta, and Kaushik Bhattacharya∗ Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 Abstract Friction in static and sliding contact of rough surfaces is important in numerous physical phenomena. We seek to understand macroscopically observed static and slid- ing contact behavior as the collective response of a large number of microscopic as- perities. To that end, we build on Hulikal et al.[1] and develop an efficient numerical framework that can be used to investigate how the macroscopic response of multiple frictional contacts depends on long-range elastic interactions, different constitutive as- sumptions about the deforming contacts and their local shear resistance, and surface roughness. We approximate the contact between two rough surfaces as that between a regular array of discrete deformable elements attached to a elastic block and a rigid rough surface. The deformable elements are viscoelastic or elasto/viscoplastic with a range of relaxation times, and the elastic interaction between contacts is long-range. We find that the model reproduces main macroscopic features of evolution of contact and friction for a range of constitutive models of the elements, suggesting that macroscopic frictional response is robust with respect to the microscopic behavior. Viscoelastic- ity/viscoplasticity contributes to the increase of friction with contact time and leads to a subtle history dependence. Interestingly, long-range elastic interactions only change the results quantitatively compared to the meanfield response. The developed nu- merical framework can be used to study how specific observed macroscopic behavior arXiv:1811.03811v1 [cond-mat.soft] 9 Nov 2018 depends on the microscale assumptions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Roughness on the Area of Contact and on the Elastostatic Friction
    The effects of roughness on the area of contact and on the elastostatic friction FEM simulation of micro-scale rough contact and real world applications Doctoral Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Informatics of the Università della Svizzera Italiana in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy presented by Alessandro Pietro Rigazzi under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Rolf Krause October 2014 Dissertation Committee Prof. Dr. Illia Horenko Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland Prof. Dr. Igor Pivkin Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland Prof. Dr. Marco Paggi Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy Prof. Dr. Friedemann Schuricht Technische Universität Dresden, Germany Dissertation accepted on 22 October 2014 Prof. Dr. Rolf Krause Research Advisor Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland Prof. Dr. Stephan Wolf PhD Program Director i I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been given, the work pre- sented in this thesis is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; and the con- tent of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program. Alessandro Pietro Rigazzi Lugano, 22 October 2014 ii To my late father, for supporting me in learning numbers before letters. iii iv If numbers aren’t beautiful, I don’t know what is. Paul Erdos˝ v vi Abstract Roughness is everywhere. Every object, every surface we touch or look at, is rough. Even when it looks smooth and flat, if analyzed at the proper length scale, it will reveal roughness.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Morphology in Engineering Applications:Influence of Roughness on Sliding and Wear in Dry Fretting
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by University of Huddersfield Repository University of Huddersfield Repository Kubiak, Krzysztof, Liskiewicz, T.W. and Mathia, T.G. Surface morphology in engineering applications: Influence of roughness on sliding and wear in dry fretting Original Citation Kubiak, Krzysztof, Liskiewicz, T.W. and Mathia, T.G. (2011) Surface morphology in engineering applications: Influence of roughness on sliding and wear in dry fretting. Tribology International, 44 (11). pp. 1427-1432. ISSN 0301-679X This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/21591/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ Tribology International, 44 (2011) p.1427-1432, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2011.04.020 Surface morphology in engineering applications:Influence of roughness on sliding and wear in dry fretting K.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis and Prediction of Wear Performance of Different
    materials Article Analysis and Prediction of Wear Performance of Different Topography Surface Ben Wang, Minli Zheng and Wei Zhang * Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; [email protected] (B.W.); [email protected] (M.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-130-1900-8449 Received: 9 October 2020; Accepted: 7 November 2020; Published: 10 November 2020 Abstract: Surface roughness parameters are an important factor affecting surface wear resistance, but the relevance between the wear resistance and the surface roughness parameters has not been well studied. This paper based on the finite element simulation technology, through the grey incidence analysis (GIA) method to quantitatively study the relevance between the wear amount of per unit sliding distance (DVs) and the surface texture roughness parameters under dry friction conditions of the different surface topography. A zeroth order six-variables grey model, GM(0,6), for prediction the wear characteristic parameter DVs was established, and the experiment results verified that the prediction model was accurate and reasonable. Keywords: surface topography; finite element simulation; surface texture roughness parameters; wear resistance; GM(0,6) model 1. Introduction Tribology is a science that studies the relative movement between contact surfaces. The friction process not only consumes energy, but also generates wear and material loss [1]. The study found it is not necessarily the case that smoother surfaces have better wear resistance [2]. A proper surface texture of the contact surface can effectively improve the tribological properties of the surface [3,4].
    [Show full text]