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Evolutionary Origin and Function of NOX4-Art, an Arthropod Specific NADPH Oxidase
Gandara et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:92 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0940-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Evolutionary origin and function of NOX4- art, an arthropod specific NADPH oxidase Ana Caroline Paiva Gandara1*†, André Torres2†, Ana Cristina Bahia3, Pedro L. Oliveira1,4 and Renata Schama2,4* Abstract Background: NADPH oxidases (NOX) are ROS producing enzymes that perform essential roles in cell physiology, including cell signaling and antimicrobial defense. This gene family is present in most eukaryotes, suggesting a common ancestor. To date, only a limited number of phylogenetic studies of metazoan NOXes have been performed, with few arthropodgenes.Inarthropods,onlyNOX5andDUOXgeneshavebeenfoundandagenecalledNOXmwasfoundin mosquitoes but its origin and function has not been examined. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of this gene family in arthropods. A thorough search of genomes and transcriptomes was performed enabling us to browse most branches of arthropod phylogeny. Results: We have found that the subfamilies NOX5 and DUOX are present in all arthropod groups. We also show that a NOX gene, closely related to NOX4 and previously found only in mosquitoes (NOXm), can also be found in other taxonomic groups, leading us to rename it as NOX4-art. Although the accessory protein p22-phox, essential for NOX1-4 activation, was not found in any of the arthropods studied, NOX4-art of Aedes aegypti encodes an active protein that produces H2O2. Although NOX4-art has been lost in a number of arthropod lineages, it has all the domains and many signature residues and motifs necessary for ROS production and, when silenced, H2O2 production is considerably diminished in A. -
Origin of a Complex Key Innovation in an Obligate Insect–Plant Mutualism
Origin of a complex key innovation in an obligate insect–plant mutualism Olle Pellmyr*† and Harald W. Krenn‡ *Department of Biology, Vanderbilt University, Box 1812 Station B, Nashville, TN 37235; and ‡Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved January 30, 2002 (received for review November 2, 2001) Evolutionary key innovations give organisms access to new eco- cles to propose a possible developmental genetic basis for the logical resources and cause rapid, sometimes spectacular adaptive trait. radiation. The well known obligate pollination mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths is a major model system for studies of The Function of the Tentacles. The pollinating yucca moth genera coevolution, and it relies on the key innovation in the moths of Tegeticula and Parategeticula constitute a monophyletic group complex tentacles used for pollen collecting and active pollination. within the Prodoxidae (Fig. 1). Jointly they contain at least 25 These structures lack apparent homology in other insects, making extant species (5), two of which are derived nonpollinating them a rare example of a novel limb. We performed anatomical and Tegeticula species that oviposit into yucca fruit created by behavioral studies to determine their origin and found evidence of coexisting pollinator species (16). The sister group Prodoxus a remarkably simple mechanism. Morphological analyses of the coexists with the pollinators on yuccas but feed as larvae on plant tentacles and adjacent mouthparts in pollinators and closely re- parts other than the seeds. Their radiation was thus directly lated taxa showed that the tentacle appears abruptly in female facilitated by the pollinator radiation. -
Molecular Basis of Pheromonogenesis Regulation in Moths
Chapter 8 Molecular Basis of Pheromonogenesis Regulation in Moths J. Joe Hull and Adrien Fónagy Abstract Sexual communication among the vast majority of moths typically involves the synthesis and release of species-specifc, multicomponent blends of sex pheromones (types of insect semiochemicals) by females. These compounds are then interpreted by conspecifc males as olfactory cues regarding female reproduc- tive readiness and assist in pinpointing the spatial location of emitting females. Studies by multiple groups using different model systems have shown that most sex pheromones are synthesized de novo from acetyl-CoA by functionally specialized cells that comprise the pheromone gland. Although signifcant progress was made in identifying pheromone components and elucidating their biosynthetic pathways, it wasn’t until the advent of modern molecular approaches and the increased avail- ability of genetic resources that a more complete understanding of the molecular basis underlying pheromonogenesis was developed. Pheromonogenesis is regulated by a neuropeptide termed Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN) that acts on a G protein-coupled receptor expressed at the surface of phero- mone gland cells. Activation of the PBAN receptor (PBANR) triggers a signal trans- duction cascade that utilizes an infux of extracellular Ca2+ to drive the concerted action of multiple enzymatic steps (i.e. chain-shortening, desaturation, and fatty acyl reduction) that generate the multicomponent pheromone blends specifc to each species. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of moth sex pheromones before expanding on the molecular mechanisms regulating pheromonogenesis, and con- clude by highlighting recent developments in the literature that disrupt/exploit this critical pathway. J. J. Hull (*) USDA-ARS, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA e-mail: [email protected] A. -
Wildlife Review Cover Image: Hedgehog by Keith Kirk
Dumfries & Galloway Wildlife Review Cover Image: Hedgehog by Keith Kirk. Keith is a former Dumfries & Galloway Council ranger and now helps to run Nocturnal Wildlife Tours based in Castle Douglas. The tours use a specially prepared night tours vehicle, complete with external mounted thermal camera and internal viewing screens. Each participant also has their own state- of-the-art thermal imaging device to use for the duration of the tour. This allows participants to detect animals as small as rabbits at up to 300 metres away or get close enough to see Badgers and Roe Deer going about their nightly routine without them knowing you’re there. For further information visit www.wildlifetours.co.uk email [email protected] or telephone 07483 131791 Contributing photographers p2 Small White butterfly © Ian Findlay, p4 Colvend coast ©Mark Pollitt, p5 Bittersweet © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Wildflower grassland ©Mark Pollitt, p6 Oblong Woodsia planting © National Trust for Scotland, Oblong Woodsia © Chris Miles, p8 Birdwatching © castigatio/Shutterstock, p9 Hedgehog in grass © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Hedgehog in leaves © Mark Bridger/Shutterstock, Hedgehog dropping © northeastwildlife.co.uk, p10 Cetacean watch at Mull of Galloway © DGERC, p11 Common Carder Bee © Bob Fitzsimmons, p12 Black Grouse confrontation © Sergey Uryadnikov/Shutterstock, p13 Black Grouse male ©Sergey Uryadnikov/Shutterstock, Female Black Grouse in flight © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Common Pipistrelle bat © Steven Farhall/ Shutterstock, p14 White Ermine © Mark Pollitt, -
Species List
Species List for <vice county> [Staffordshire (VC 39)] Code Taxon Vernacular 1.001 Micropterix tunbergella 1.002 Micropterix mansuetella 1.003 Micropterix aureatella 1.004 Micropterix aruncella 1.005 Micropterix calthella 2.001 Dyseriocrania subpurpurella 2.003 Eriocrania unimaculella 2.004 Eriocrania sparrmannella 2.005 Eriocrania salopiella 2.006 Eriocrania cicatricella 2.006 Eriocrania haworthi 2.007 Eriocrania semipurpurella 2.008 Eriocrania sangii 3.001 Triodia sylvina Orange Swift 3.002 Korscheltellus lupulina Common Swift 3.003 Korscheltellus fusconebulosa Map-winged Swift 3.004 Phymatopus hecta Gold Swift 3.005 Hepialus humuli Ghost Moth 4.002 Stigmella lapponica 4.003 Stigmella confusella 4.004 Stigmella tiliae 4.005 Stigmella betulicola 4.006 Stigmella sakhalinella 4.007 Stigmella luteella 4.008 Stigmella glutinosae 4.009 Stigmella alnetella 4.010 Stigmella microtheriella 4.012 Stigmella aceris 4.013 Stigmella malella Apple Pygmy 4.015 Stigmella anomalella Rose Leaf Miner 4.017 Stigmella centifoliella 4.018 Stigmella ulmivora 4.019 Stigmella viscerella 4.020 Stigmella paradoxa 4.022 Stigmella regiella 4.023 Stigmella crataegella 4.024 Stigmella magdalenae 4.025 Stigmella nylandriella 4.026 Stigmella oxyacanthella 4.030 Stigmella hybnerella 4.032 Stigmella floslactella 4.034 Stigmella tityrella 4.035 Stigmella salicis 4.036 Stigmella myrtillella 4.038 Stigmella obliquella 4.039 Stigmella trimaculella 4.040 Stigmella assimilella 4.041 Stigmella sorbi 4.042 Stigmella plagicolella 4.043 Stigmella lemniscella 4.044 Stigmella continuella -
Moths of Poole Harbour Species List
Moths of Poole Harbour is a project of Birds of Poole Harbour Moths of Poole Harbour Species List Birds of Poole Harbour & Moths of Poole Harbour recording area The Moths of Poole Harbour Project The ‘Moths of Poole Harbour’ project (MoPH) was established in 2017 to gain knowledge of moth species occurring in Poole Harbour, Dorset, their distribution, abundance and to some extent, their habitat requirements. The study area uses the same boundaries as the Birds of Poole Harbour (BoPH) project. Abigail Gibbs and Chris Thain, previous Wardens on Brownsea Island for Dorset Wildlife Trust (DWT), were invited by BoPH to undertake a study of moths in the Poole Harbour recording area. This is an area of some 175 square kilometres stretching from Corfe Castle in the south to Canford Heath in the north of the conurbation and west as far as Wareham. 4 moth traps were purchased for the project; 3 Mercury Vapour (MV) Robinson traps with 50m extension cables and one Actinic, Ultra-violet (UV) portable Heath trap running from a rechargeable battery. This was the capability that was deployed on most of the ensuing 327 nights of trapping. Locations were selected using a number of criteria: Habitat, accessibility, existing knowledge (previously well-recorded sites were generally not included), potential for repeat visits, site security and potential for public engagement. Field work commenced from late July 2017 and continued until October. Generally, in the years 2018 – 2020 trapping field work began in March/ April and ran on until late October or early November, stopping at the first frost. -
Summary of Cheshire Moths: 2008-2013
CHESHIRE (VICE COUNTY 58) SUMMARY OF CHESHIRE MOTHS: 2008-2013 Authors: Steve H. Hind and Steve Holmes Date: December 2015 Summary of Cheshire Moths 2008-2013 Introduction With the absence of an annual moth report for six years and following publication of the 2014 report earlier this year, we have attempted to bring together some of the main changes to the counties moth populations since the last county report for 2007. Individual Micro-moth reports were published for 2008 and 2009 in the Journal of the Lancashire & Cheshire Entomological Society, Volumes 133 & 134, for Sessions 2009 & 2010 of the Annual Report & Proceedings but this is the first report to include the counties macro-moths for those years. Unfortunately, the amount of work required to produce a similar type of document to the 2014 report would have taken well over a year or more to complete and as such a more selective approach has been taken; this translates to producing an account for just those species that have either: been reported on very few occasions, or have undergone significant changes, either in terms of distribution or population Summary No fewer than seven new macro-moth and 23 micro-moth species appeared for the first time in Cheshire during the period covered by this publication; an astonishing number brought about by Moth recording continuing to increase during the period, especially of micro-moths. We received a record 8,200 records of micro-moths in 2008, yet this more than doubled to 17,700 in 2013. There are a number of references, particularly within the accounts relating to macro-moths, where mention is made of either: the nth Cheshire record, or only ‘n’ records this century, or only ‘n’ Cheshire records To clarify these comments, they all relate to known, submitted, validated records within the County database. -
Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe. -
An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 38: 1–549 (2010) Annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 MONOGRAPH www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada Gregory R. Pohl1, Gary G. Anweiler2, B. Christian Schmidt3, Norbert G. Kondla4 1 Editor-in-chief, co-author of introduction, and author of micromoths portions. Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 2 Co-author of macromoths portions. University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 3 Co-author of introduction and macromoths portions. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 4 Author of butterfl ies portions. 242-6220 – 17 Ave. SE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2A 0W6 Corresponding authors: Gregory R. Pohl ([email protected]), Gary G. Anweiler ([email protected]), B. Christian Schmidt ([email protected]), Norbert G. Kondla ([email protected]) Academic editor: Donald Lafontaine | Received 11 January 2010 | Accepted 7 February 2010 | Published 5 March 2010 Citation: Pohl GR, Anweiler GG, Schmidt BC, Kondla NG (2010) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada. ZooKeys 38: 1–549. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 Abstract Th is checklist documents the 2367 Lepidoptera species reported to occur in the province of Alberta, Can- ada, based on examination of the major public insect collections in Alberta and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes. -
Microlepidoptera in Nederland, Vooral in 2007-2010 Met Een Terugblik Op 30 Jaar Faunistisch Onderzoek
entomologische berichten 91 73 (3) 2013 Microlepidoptera in Nederland, vooral in 2007-2010 met een terugblik op 30 jaar faunistisch onderzoek K. J. (Hans) Huisman J. C. (Sjaak) Koster Tymo S.T. Muus Erik J. van Nieukerken TREFWOORDEN Faunistiek, nieuwe waarneming, provincies, areaaluitbreidingen Entomologische Berichten 73 (3): 91-117 In de jaren 2007-2010 werden maar liefst elf soorten kleine vlinders nieuw voor onze fauna gevonden: Infurcitinea teriolella, Bucculatrix ulmifoliae, Caloptilia fidella, Phyllonorycter issikii, Coleophora motacillella, Cochylis molliculana, Cnephasia sedana, Clepsis dumicolana, Lobesia botrana, Pseudococcyx tessulatana en Evergestis aenealis. Daarnaast werden drie soorten al elders gemeld: Caloptilia hemidactylella, Cydalima perspectalis en Bucculatrix ainsliella. Na 30 jaar van jaarlijsten geven we een evaluatie, met onder andere een totaal van 128 nieuw gemelde soorten. Dit zijn er minder dan in Denemarken, maar meer dan op de Britse Eilanden of in Zweden. We verklaren deze verschillen door het verschil in oppervlak van de landen: hoe kleiner het land, hoe meer kans dat er nieuwe soorten gevonden worden. Dit jaaroverzicht is het laatste dat in deze vorm verschijnt. Dit is het negentiende jaaroverzicht van de Nederlandse Micro- die beoordeeld konden worden door specialisten. We hopen dat lepidoptera sedert 1983. Een index van alle overzichten tot 2000 we een goed evenwicht gevonden hebben in het spanningsveld werd gegeven door Koster & Van Nieukerken (2003). tussen volledigheid en betrouwbaarheid. De jaren 2007–2010 waren wederom aan de warme kant met Door de snelle berichtgeving op internet wordt het voor het uitzondering van 2010, dat sinds 1996 het eerste jaar was met samenstellen van een gedrukte ‘jaarlijst’ steeds moeilijker om een temperatuur beneden het langjarige gemiddelde van 9,8°C voldoende actueel te blijven en toch de grens van een bepaald (jaargemiddelden 2007-2010 11,2; 10,6; 10,5; 9,1°C). -
The PDF, Here, Is a Full List of All Mentioned
FAUNA Vernacular Name FAUNA Scientific Name Read more a European Hoverfly Pocota personata https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/pocota-personata a small black wasp Stigmus pendulus https://www.bwars.com/wasp/crabronidae/pemphredoninae/stigmus-pendulus a spider-hunting wasp Anoplius concinnus https://www.bwars.com/wasp/pompilidae/pompilinae/anoplius-concinnus a spider-hunting wasp Anoplius nigerrimus https://www.bwars.com/wasp/pompilidae/pompilinae/anoplius-nigerrimus Adder Vipera berus https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/trees-woods-and-wildlife/animals/reptiles-and-amphibians/adder/ Alga Cladophora glomerata https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladophora Alga Closterium acerosum https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=x44d373af81fe4f72 Alga Closterium ehrenbergii https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=28183 Alga Closterium moniliferum https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=28227&sk=0&from=results Alga Coelastrum microporum https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=27402 Alga Cosmarium botrytis https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=28326 Alga Lemanea fluviatilis https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=32651&sk=0&from=results Alga Pediastrum boryanum https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=27507 Alga Stigeoclonium tenue https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=60904 Alga Ulothrix zonata https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=562 Algae Synedra tenera https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=34482 -
Butterfly Conservation Event Can Be Seen by Clicking Here
Upper Thames Branch Moth Sightings Archive - January to June 2007 On Friday 29th June Dave Wilton carried out his transect in Finemere Wood and in the evening ran his overnight moth trap in his Westcott garden: "Moths seen in Finemere Wood were Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet (3), Clouded Border (2), Marbled White Spot (1) and Silver Y (1). My garden Robinson trap produced my first reasonable catch for a week or two, with more than 400 moths from about 80 species ending up in the trap. Best of the bunch were Lappet and Scarce Silver-lines, with Scarce Footman, Clay, Smoky Wainscot, Olive, Pleuroptya ruralis/Mother of Pearl and Phycitodes binaevella also new for my garden year list. The following evening a Blackneck came to our kitchen window light." Phycitodes binaevella Scarce Silver-lines Blackneck Photo © Dave Wilton Photo © Dave Wilton Photo © Dave Wilton ~ Thursday 28th June 2007 ~ Dave Wilton sent this moth report on 27th June: "On 26th June I was foolish enough to run my actinic trap at Westcott even though the temperature fell to 8 degrees Celsius overnight. The result was a pitiful catch of 64 moths from 17 species. Compare that to the same day last year when I got 800 moths in the Robinson! The poor weather of the past few days seems to have had a drastic effect on catches all across the country although last night did produce one new species for me, the Short-cloaked Moth. Looking on the bright side, thanks to Peter Hall and his microscope I do now have a few additions to the UTB list from back in April: Dichrorampha acuminatana, Elachista canapennella, Dipleurina lacustrata, Eudonia truncicolella and Parornix anglicella were all trapped in my garden, Rhopobota stagnana (B&F 1161, formerly Griselda stagnana) was found in the disused railway cutting west of Westcott Airfield and Pammene argyrana was caught in Rushbeds Wood." Also, while doing a butterfly transect in Finemere Wood on 20th June, Dave kicked up a Crambus perlella from the grass.