NASA Battery Workshop Huntsville, AL November 6-8, 2012

Development of Batteries for Missions beyond LEO

A. Buonanno, R. Gitzendanner, C. Deroy B. Yardney Technical Products, Inc. Pawcatuck, CT USA

1 Long Duration Space Programs MER Spirit and Phoenix Lander The Mars Science Opportunity • MSP’01 Design Laboratory (MSL) • The 90 day Launched in August • Has a 2,000 day missions that keep 2007 baseline going after 8+ years! • Design was fully Space Qualified in February, 2000

2 NEXTSat Mission

• Launched March 2007 • 4-Month, LEO orbit • Exercised autonomous satellite servicing

3 NEXTSat Battery Specifications • 28 Volt 30 Ampere-hour Battery • Charge control Electronics – Autonomous Activation – Commanded Activation – Over-Voltage Signal • Qualification Random Vibration of 14.1 g’s per axis

4 NEXTSat CCEE Autonomous Activation and Deactivation

5 WISE Mission

• Launched December 2009 • Started Hibernation February 2011 • Responded to a Wake-up call in September 2012.

6 WISE Battery

• Improved NEXTSat 28 Volt, 29 Ampere-hour Battery • Charge control Electronics – Autonomous Activation – Commanded Activation – Over-voltage signal • BOL Capacity 32.2 Ah • Qualification Random Vibration of 14.1 g’s 7 per axis WISE Battery On-Orbit Performance • Charge Control Performance Nominal – Voltage Range 31.61 V to 32.08 V – Current Range -0.89 A to 2.43 A

• Thermal Control Performance Nominal – Internal Temperature Range 5.4 Deg. C. to 7.2 Deg. C. – Baseplate Temperature Range 2.5 Deg. C. to 4.6 Deg. C.

• Concerns None

* Data provided by Ball Aerospace 1-2-2010 8 WISE Battery Post-Wake-up Performance • Charge Control Performance – Battery Voltage Range 31.83V to 31.97V Average 31.89V. – Battery Current Range -.28A to 0.86A

• Thermal Control Performance – Internal Temperature Range 5.4 to 9.9 Deg. C. – Baseplate Temperature Range 0.1 to 2.6 Deg. C.

. Cell Divergence AVG EOC 19 mV AVG EOD 24mV  Concerns - NONE

* Data provided by Ball Aerospace 9-22-2012 9 GRAIL Mission

• GRAIL-A and GRAIL B Launched September 2011 • Cruise duration of 109 days • Status: The Lunar science orbits are near completion

10 GRAIL Battery • Improved 28 Volt, 30 Ampere-hour Battery • Based on the XSS-11 Battery design • Added Charge control Electronics – Autonomous Activation • Mass requirement <9.25 kg • Operating Temperatures 5 - 35C • Qualification Random Vibration 13.6 g’s per

11 axis GRAIL Flight Batteries

12 JUNO Mission

• Launched August 2011 • Jupiter orbit starts July 2016

13 JUNO Battery

• 28 Volt, 60 Ampere- hour Battery • Based on the GRAIL Battery architecture • No charge control Electronics due to extreme radiation environment • Qualification Random Vibration 11.4 g’s per axis

14 JUNO Flight Battery

15 JUNO Life Test Packs

16 * Data provided by Lockheed Martin Space Systems 8/9/2012 JUNO Life Test Packs

17 * Data provided by Lockheed Martin Space Systems 8/9/2012 MAVEN Mission

• Launch scheduled for Late 2013 Cruise • Set for Mars orbit late 2014 • Will perform science until late 2015

18 MAVEN Battery

• 28 Volt, 60 Ampere- hour Battery • Based on the GRAIL Battery architecture • CCEE Based on WISE/ GRAIL – Autonomous Activation. – Overvoltage Signal • Mass requirement <19.2 kg • Qualification Random Vibration 11.9 g’s per 19 axis MAVEN CCEE with Enclosures

• Component Design • 0.20 Aluminum Enclosure

• Reduced lead time for program with changes radiation 20 shield from craft MAVEN Flight Battery

21 NASA/Lockheed Orion/MPCV 120Volt, 30 Ah Lithium-ion Batteries in Crew Module

• Next Generation crew piloted spacecraft – Multi-Mission Capable (ISS/ Lunar Orbit) Results to Date

23 Preliminary Life Testing

40% DoD LEO Cycling, 20°C, Max Charge Voltage 4.1V

24 Acknowledgments

• Boeing, Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company and NASA JSC for funding and technical support

• Co-workers and Colleagues at Yardney

• Other consultants and subcontractors who have assisted in the development of new technologies

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