DOCSLIB.ORG

Ain Ben Tili (Foreign Legion Fort)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ain Ben Tili (Foreign Legion Fort) Ain Ben Tili (Foreign Legion Fort) Algeria Mauritania Mali Ain Ben Tili is a small town (very small) in northeast Mauritania, on the border with Western Sahara and Algeria. The fort is located about 4 km north of this town and was built in 1934, by orders of General Trinquet, as a means of controlling remnants of the Reguibat nomads who had been rebellious throughout the border region west of Tindouf for several years. The fort provided a base for long range French patrols consisting of Saharan camel (meharistes), motorized and cavalry troops of the Legion (particularly the motorized company of the 4th Legion Infantry Regiment) as the travelled between Tabelbala and Tindouf, Bou Bernous, Chegga, Agmar, Bir Moghrein and other points south and west. It was eventually turned over to Mauritania as French forces extricated themselves from their former North African colonies in the 1960’s. More recently the fort was the focus of a battle between POLISARIO (Saharawian rebels) and Mauritanian forces in 1976. The Saharawian forces surrounded the fort and put pressure on its defenders. In order to help out the defenders in dire straits Mauritanian President Ould Daddah requested combat planes from the allied Moroccan Air Force. However, not even the Air Force was able to bring relief to the fortress, moreover, one of the Moroccan Northrop F-5s was downed by the guerrillas. Finally, the fortress was captured by POLISARIO troops on 21 January. HOMMAGE Aux confins de la Mauritanie et du Maroc, se trouve le petit village Ain-Ben-Tili. Situé à l'extrême nord du pays contre la frontière avec le Sahara occidental, il se trouve à quelques kilomètres de Bir- Lahlou et à quelques heures de piste de la ville de Tindouf en Algérie. La région est quasi-désertique et la population est représentée par quelques dizaines de personnes. C'est le village le plus oublié de la république mauritanienne. Pourtant, à proximité de ce village, se trouve un souvenir de la présence française dans la région sous la forme d’un fort. Aussi étonnant que cela puisse paraître et malgré les années, ce fort, construit par la Légion, est en assez bon état. Mais le plus curieux est qu’à proximité du fort d'Ain Bentili repose également... un légionnaire, le brigadier Tison (08/09/1891 - 19/121931) du 1er R.E.C. Seule, perdue au milieu de nul part, la tombe se dégradait lentement au rythme des tempêtes de sables jusqu’à l’arrivée de la Minurso, la mission de l’ONU pour le Sahara occidental. Depuis le début des années 1990, ce sont les officiers français qui se succèdent au “Team-Site de Bir-Lahlou” qui s'emploient à entretenir cette tombe. Qu’ils en soient ici remerciés ! “Sur sa tombe, une simple croix s'élève, Sur laquelle ces seuls mots sont inscrits : Il a servi honnête et fidèle Au Premier Etranger de Cavalerie.” JML GOOGLE TRANSLATION: The borders of Mauritania and Morocco, lies the small village Ain Ben Tili. Located in the far north the country against the border with Western Sahara, it is a few miles from Bir-Lahlou and a few hours of track in the town of Tindouf in Algeria. The area is almost deserted and the population is represented by a few dozen people. It is the largest settlement missed the Republic of Mauritania. However, near this village, is a souvenir of the French presence in the region under the form of a fort. Surprising as it may seem and despite the years, this fort, built by Legion is in pretty good condition. But the most curious is that the fort is Ben til Ain Also ... a legionnaire, Brig Tison (08/09/1891 - 19/121931) 1 REC Only lost in the middle of nowhere, the tomb was deteriorating slowly at a rate of up to sandstorms the arrival of MINURSO, the UN mission for Western Sahara. Since the early 1990, it was the French officers who follow the "Team-Site Bir Lahlou" working to maintain the grave. They are grateful! On his grave, a simple cross rises On which these words are inscribed: He served honestly and faithfully 1st Legion Cavalry Regiment Ain Ben Tili 25° 59' 40.35" N 9° 33' 12.19" W N N N N N N Our Friends Beneath the Sands. Illustration 82 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Refugee Camps and Exile in the Construction of the Saharawi Nation
    Singing like Wood-birds: Refugee Camps and Exile in the Construction of the Saharawi Nation Nicola Cozza Wolfson College Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies Refugee Studies Centre Queen Elizabeth House Faculty of Social Studies University of Oxford Trinity Term 2003 [ttf CONTENTS Acknowledgments viii Glossary of abbreviations and acronyms ix Maps x - xv I - INTRODUCTION 1 'Humanitarian emergencies': the merging of global influences and local processes 4 Saharawi refugees, Polisario camps and social change 7 Methodological considerations 12 Verbal interactions 15 Trust, tribes and bias: assessing interviewees' information 19 Fieldwork and trans-local processes 22 Outline of the following chapters 26 II - THE GENESIS OF WESTERN SAHARA AND OF ITS POST-COLONIAL CONFLICT. AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS 31 Western Sahara: a geographical overview 32 The birth of the Moors 34 Traditional tribal hierarchies 37 Inter-tribal hierarchies 37 The 'tribe' in Western Sahara 41 The 'ghazi' and social change 43 Spanish colonisation 45 From Spanish colony to Spanish province 48 Identifying Spanish Saharawi and providing goods and services 55 Colonial plans for independence 61 The birth of the Polisario Front 63 The last years of Spanish colonisation in Western Sahara 64 Genesis and development of the armed conflict in Western Sahara 71 III - WHO ARE THE SAHARAWI? THE REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PEACE-PROCESS IN WESTERN SAHARA 78 'Saharawi': blood, land and word-games 79 From the UN to the OAU, and back to the UN 82 The MINURSO and the 1991 UN plan 85 The dispute over voter eligibility 91 The 1974 Census 92 Morocco vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 FAO Emergency Centre for Locust Op Er a Tions
    warning level: CAUTION D E S E R T L O C U S T B U L L E T I N FAO Emergency Centre for Locust Op er a tions No. 457 General Situation during October 2016 (3.11.2016) Forecast until mid-December 2016 As a result of summer breeding, two Desert new generation of adult groups and small swarms Locust outbreaks developed during October, is likely to form from about mid-November onwards one in western Mauritania and one in northern in western Mauritania and are likely to move into Sudan. In both countries, additional survey Western Sahara and northern Mauritania where good teams were immediately mobilized and control rains fell and further breeding could occur. Scattered operations were launched. It is likely that the adults were present along the southern side of the Mauritanian outbreak will extend into areas of Atlas Mountains in Morocco and in western Algeria. recent heavy rains in the north of the country as Control operations were undertaken along the Mali well as in Western Sahara where further breeding border in southern Algeria against high densities of is expected. A failure to control the outbreak hoppers. Locust numbers declined in the summer combined with unusually heavy and widespread breeding areas of northern Niger and Chad where rainfall might eventually lead to an upsurge in primarily low numbers of adults persisted. northwest Africa next spring but this is far from certain. In Sudan, adult groups and perhaps a few Central Region. An outbreak developed in small swarms are expected to form and move to North Kordofan and the Baiyuda Desert of northern winter breeding areas along the Red Sea coast, Sudan as a result of summer breeding and drying especially in northeast Sudan and southeast conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Generation in the Sahrawi Struggle for Decolonisation
    REGENERATING REVOLUTION: Gender and Generation in the Sahrawi Struggle for Decolonisation by Vivian Solana A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology in a Collaborative with the Women and Gender Studies Institute University of Toronto © Copyright by Vivian Solana, 2017 Regenerating Revolution: Gender and Generation in the Sahrawi Struggle for Decolonisation Vivian Solana Department of Anthropology in a Collaborative with the Women and Gender Studies Institute University of Toronto 2017 Abstract This dissertation investigates the forms of female labour that are sustaining and regenerating the political struggle for the decolonization of the Western Sahara. Since 1975, the Sahrawi national liberation movement—known as the POLISARIO Front—has been organizing itself, while in exile, into a form commensurable with the global model of the modern nation-state. In 1991, a UN mediated peace process inserted the Sahrawi struggle into what I describe as a colonial meantime. Women and youth—key targets of the POLISARIO Front’s empowerment policies—often stand for the movement’s revolutionary values as a whole. I argue that centering women’s labour into an account of revolution, nationalism and state-building reveals logics of long duree and models of female empowerment often overshadowed by the more “spectacular” and “heroic” expressions of Sahrawi women’s political action that feature prominently in dominant representations of Sahrawi nationalism. Differing significantly from globalised and modernist valorisations of women’s political agency, the model of female empowerment I highlight is one associated to the nomadic way of life that predates a Sahrawi project of revolutionary nationalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (335Kb)
    FORUM of PhD CANDIDATES János Besenyő THE OCCUPATION OF WESTERN SAHARA BY MOROCCO AND MAURITANIA With the myriad of post–colonial conflicts that have and continue to afflict the African continent, it is seldom known that the longest running of these is that between Morocco and the Polisario Front on Western Sahara. The objective of this article to examine the roots of the conflict and provide some information about the occupation of Western-Sahara in 1975. The crisis over Western Sahara started in the early 1970s when Spain was forced to announce plans to withdraw from the territory it had effectively occupied since 1934. Both Morocco and Mauritania lodged claims to those parts of the territory they had occupied, considering them to have been part of their countries well before the Spanish occupation. To these two countries therefore, their move was one of ‘recovery’ rather than ‘occupation’.1 The main causes of the conflict in Western Sahara may be encapsulated broadly in three interrelated categories: politics, economy and geopolitics. The political aspect relates to the Moroccan ideology of “Greater Morocco” which in the early 1960s, in defiance of the principle of uti possidetis juris (inviolability or sanctity of the borders inherited from the colonial era), espoused the idea of a greater pre-colonial Morocco extending over the territory of the Spanish Sahara, parts of present-day Algeria, Mauritania, Mali and Senegal.2 Mauritania’s involvement in the conflict was precisely due to the fear of its government that, after occupying Western Sahara, Morocco would continue its march southwards and eventually annex Mauritania as well.3 1 Ian Brownlie, Ian R.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomarbeit
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Gender, Nation und Identität(en) im Westsaharakonflikt Verfasserin Katrin Gleirscher angestrebter akademischer Titel Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuerin: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Birgit Sauer Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die Arbeit selbst angefertigt, keine anderen als die Hilfsmittel benutzt und alle ausgedruckten Quellen, gedruckter Literatur oder aus dem Internet im Wortlaut oder im wesentlichen Inhalt übernommenen Formulierungen und Konzepte gemäß den Richtlinien wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten zitiert, durch Fußnoten gekennzeichnet bzw. mit der genauen Quellenangabe kenntlich gemacht habe Wien, Jänner 2012 Katrin Gleirscher Danksagung Während meiner Studienzeit in Wien nahm ich den Konflikt um die Westsahara peripher wahr. Erzählungen von Freund_innen von den in Spanien stattfindenden Solidaritätsarbeiten verfolgte ich mit Interesse, aber zu einer intensiveren Auseinandersetzung kam es erst durch meinen Erasmusaufenthalt in Valladolid, einer Stadt nördlich von Madrid. Nach zwei Informationsveranstaltungen an der dortigen Universität beschloss ich kurzerhand an einer Solidaritätsreise in die saharauischen Flüchtlingslager bei Tindouf in den Osterferien 2011 teilzunehmen. Eine Woche intensiver Erfahrungen und Eindrücke weckten meine Neugierde, ließen mich immer tiefer in die Konfliktdynamiken eintauchen und führten mich von einer abstrakten zu einer individuellen Ebene
    [Show full text]
  • QJ Summer 2017
    ISSN 1812-1098, e-ISSN 1812-2973 CONNECTIONS THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL Vol. 16, no. 3, Summer 2017 Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Creative Commons Academies and Security Studies Institutes BY-NC-SA 4.0 Connections: The Quarterly Journal ISSN 1812-1098, e-ISSN 1812-2973 https://doi.org/10.11610/Connections.16.3 Contents Vol. 16, no. 3, Summer 2017 Research Articles Image of Security Sector Agencies as a Strategic 5 Communication Tool Iryna Lysychkina Guerrilla Operations in Western Sahara: The Polisario versus 23 Morocco and Mauritania János Besenyő The South Caucasus: A Playground between NATO and Russia? 47 Elman Nasirov, Khayal Iskandarov, and Sadi Sadiyev Arms Control Arrangements under the Aegis of the OSCE: Is 57 There a Better Way to Handle Compliance? Pál Dunay British Positions towards the Common Security and Defence 73 Policy of the European Union Irina Tsertsvadze Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Creative Commons Academies and Security Studies Institutes BY-NC-SA 4.0 Connections: The Quarterly Journal ISSN 1812-1098, e-ISSN 1812-2973 Iryna Lysychkina, Connections QJ 16, no. 3 (2017): 5-22 https://doi.org/10.11610/Connections.16.3.01 Research Article The Image of Security Sector Agencies as a Strategic Communication Tool Iryna Lysychkina National Academy, National Guard of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine Abstract: This article highlights the corporate image as a strategic com- munication tool for security sector agencies. The prospects of image for a security sector agency are outlined with regard to image formation and reparation. Image formation is based on the principles of objectivity, openness, credibility and trust whilst avoiding deception and manipula- tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Debating Theology and the Performance of Nationhood: the Case of Taqsīr Al-Ṣalāh (The Shortening of Prayer) Among the Sahrawi* Enrique Bengochea Tirado
    Debating Theology and the Performance of Nationhood: The Case of taqsīr al-ṣalāh (the Shortening of Prayer) among the Sahrawi* Enrique Bengochea Tirado Post-print from: Enrique Bengochea Tirado (2020) Debating theology and the performance of nationhood: the case of taqsīr al-ṣalāh (the shortening of prayer) among the Sahrawi, History and Anthropology, DOI: 10.1080/02757206.2020.1711750 Introduction In early 1977, the main fuqahā1 (legal experts in fiqh, Islamic jurisprudence) of the recently organized Sahrawi refugee camps met in the dāira of Sbetīn2 to discuss whether the population of the settlement should practice the taqsīr al-ṣalāh (the shortening/abridgement of prayers). This theological discussion was animated by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (the Polisario Front). After the 1975 Moroccan Green March and the Moroccan and Mauritanian invasion of the territory of the former Spanish colony of the Sahara, tens of thousands of Sahrawis had fled to the open fields to escape the violence, ending up in Algerian territory.3 The Polisario Front, which was formed in 1973 and which led the anticolonial struggle against Spain until 1975, was suddenly responsible for managing an array of refugee camps inhabited by some 40,000 to 100,000 people amidst a total war (San Martin 2010, 111). The practice of taqsīr (shortened prayer) changes the number of rakaʿāt (movements) performed at each ṣalāh (prayer). Islam typically prescribes five ṣalāt every day, in a practice called tatuīl (full prayer). The first ṣalāh, al-ṣubḥ, is composed of two rakaʿāt; the second, al-ẓuhur, of four; the third, al-‘aṣar, also of four; the fourth, al-magrib, of three; and the fifth, al-‘isha, of four.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silencing of Unifying Tribes: the Colonial Construction of Tribe And
    Isidoros, The silencing of unifying tribes THE SILENCING OF UNIFYING TRIBES: THE COLONIAL CONSTRUCTION OF TRIBE AND ITS ‘EXTRAORDINARY LEAP’ TO NASCENT NATION-STATE FORMATION IN WESTERN SAHARA KONSTANTINA ISIDOROS Abstract Scholarship has glossed over an ‘extraordinary leap’ of Sahrāwī tribes to citizens of an exiled nation state in response to the threat to territorial sovereignty from failed decolonisation and invasion. The emergence of Sahrāwī nationalism has become entangled in problematic discourses of tribalism and been posited as an a priori result of detribalisation. This article examines the Spanish colonial construction of the enigma of tribe, showing how it has become misread and ossified in post-colonial overlays of scholarship. The Sahrāwī political vocabulary that has been obscured in the colonial records offers a more nuanced analysis of the silencing of unifying tribes and charts the move from a customary form of centralised political organisation to the contemporary nation state. Key words: tribe, refugees, nationalism, North Africa The point is not that nomadism experiences no change. Rather, it is that nomads themselves experiment constantly and in a pragmatic manner with parameters of change, but so that the process remains under their control. (Bamyeh 2006: 33) If we fail to distinguish the different types of nomad arising in different historical conjunctures, we shall be reduced to representing an abstract social structure as the cause of totally different developments and [will be] faced with insurmountable contradictions. (Laroui 1977: 156) Introduction The notion of ‘tribe’ was once a locus classicus in anthropology, yet its sociological and anthropological definitions were varied and conflicting. Finding that societies classified as ‘tribal’ had in fact also been very diverse in their organisation, anthropologists contended that the term was so ambiguous that it should be abandoned by social science (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Sahara
    János Besenyő WESTERN SAHARA Publikon Publishers Pécs, 2009 János Besenyő WESTERN SAHARA Editor: István Tarrósy Photos made by: János Besenyő English language consultant: István Tarrósy, IDResearch Ltd. Cover: Gábor Kiss Layout editor: Dávid Keserű, IDResearch Ltd., Pécs Printed by: Ad Librum, Budapest Published by IDResearch Ltd./Publikon Publishers. ISBN 978-963-88332-0-4 © IDResearch Kft./Publikon Kiadó, 2009 © IDResearch Ltd./Publikon Publishers, 2009 www.afrikatanulmanyok.hu © János Besenyő, 2009 CONTENTS Recommendation 5 Editor’s Preface 7 Geographical Features – Flora and Fauna 9 Economy 17 Society 27 The History of the Region Before the Arrival of the Europeans 37 Colonisation of the Area 45 Spanish Sahara 57 The Beginning of the Struggle for Independence 65 The Early Activities of the UN in the Resolution of the Problem 73 The Decision of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) 83 in The Hague The Green March and Subsequent Events 89 The Occupation of the Sahara Territories and the Beginning of Hostilities 97 After the Declaration of Independence – The Escalation of the Conflict 103 Peace Treaty between Mauritania and the Polisario 111 Events after the Occupation of the Area by Morocco 119 The UN Re-enters the Negotiations on the Settlement 131 of the Future of the Region 3 MINURSO 141 The Structure of MINURSO 145 Life in the Refugee Camps 167 Endnotes 175 References 189 4 RECOMMENDATION I am fortunate enough to know the author of this book who was on duty in Western Sahara when I was serving as the Chief of Staff of the Hungarian Defence Forces (HDF). Even back then I considered it as a priority not just to send our soldiers to foreign countries but to process and channel their experiences to anyone who might benefit from them.
    [Show full text]
  • Deterioration of Relations Between Morocco and Algeria
    Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 22, May, 1976 Western Sahara, Page 27746 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Deterioration of Relations between Morocco and Algeria - Withdrawal of Spanish Presence - Proclamation of Saharan Arab Democratic Republic - Formation of Government - Severance of Relations with Algeria by Morocco and Mauritania -Delimitation of Moroccan and Mauritanian Sectors of Territory The Spanish presence in Western (formerly Spanish) Sahara came to an end on Feb. 26, two days before the date laid down in the Madrid agreement signed on Nov. 14, 1975, by Spain, Morocco and Mauritania [see page 2757], the last Spanish troops having departed on Jan. 12 [see page 27579] and Moroccan and Mauritanian forces having occupied much of the territory. Although this agreement provided for the transfer of power to the Moroccan and Mauritanian Governments, however, the (Algerian-backed) Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario) proclaimed a Saharan Arab Democratic Republic in the territory on Feb. 27–28 and shortly afterwards formed a government. The period prior to the Spanish withdrawal had been marked by a continued deterioration in Moroccan-Algerian relations, and after Algeria on March 6 announced its recognition of the new Republic, both Morocco and Mauritania on the following day broke off diplomatic relations with Algeria. In the military field, Polisario's reliance on light vehicles as a swift means of transport across the desert, and its lack of fixed military bases, gave it a tactical advantage over Morocco's forces, which were hampered by the necessity to travel in heavy convoys; consequently, although at the time of the Spanish departure the Moroccan Army held most of Western Sahara's main towns and villages, it did not in practice have full control of the territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Sahara
    János Besenyő WESTERN SAHARA Publikon Publishers Pécs, 2009 János Besenyő WESTERN SAHARA Editor: István Tarrósy Photos made by: János Besenyő English language consultant: István Tarrósy, IDResearch Ltd. Cover: Gábor Kiss Layout editor: Dávid Keserű, IDResearch Ltd., Pécs Printed by: Ad Librum, Budapest Published by IDResearch Ltd./Publikon Publishers. ISBN 978-963-88332-0-4 © IDResearch Kft./Publikon Kiadó, 2009 © IDResearch Ltd./Publikon Publishers, 2009 www.afrikatanulmanyok.hu © János Besenyő, 2009 CONTENTS Recommendation 5 Editor’s Preface 7 Geographical Features – Flora and Fauna 9 Economy 17 Society 27 The History of the Region Before the Arrival of the Europeans 37 Colonisation of the Area 45 Spanish Sahara 57 The Beginning of the Struggle for Independence 65 The Early Activities of the UN in the Resolution of the Problem 73 The Decision of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) 83 in The Hague The Green March and Subsequent Events 89 The Occupation of the Sahara Territories and the Beginning of Hostilities 97 After the Declaration of Independence – The Escalation of the Conflict 103 Peace Treaty between Mauritania and the Polisario 111 Events after the Occupation of the Area by Morocco 119 The UN Re-enters the Negotiations on the Settlement 131 of the Future of the Region 3 MINURSO 141 The Structure of MINURSO 145 Life in the Refugee Camps 167 Endnotes 175 References 189 4 RECOMMENDATION I am fortunate enough to know the author of this book who was on duty in Western Sahara when I was serving as the Chief of Staff of the Hungarian Defence Forces (HDF). Even back then I considered it as a priority not just to send our soldiers to foreign countries but to process and channel their experiences to anyone who might benefit from them.
    [Show full text]
  • "'I ············...~V;T~\...Ll[Ll!L~)::I:R~~ ~~~~~Q:T:;
    16° 14· 12" 6° I :: : ' ! 'C!: : : :j, :: : : ::: :J: .' :::':::':;;::;:.. "" ,.. ".. r·I' ~ ~ :::0; :/..1 N:I1.~ y'. :·.~.s.~ .. ~,,~::O ~~::.::( :::::::::::: M 0 ROC C 0 ( 1-3 ".:::.::Y: ::::::::~ ::.;::::::::::: .:::::::::- ::::::::::::: I ~~ ~ 28° t%j ~~ > HH A R I A (j(j <: , ..••••••.••••• ~ ••• -.A¥Q'TM,l'~~_._"_4_._._._._._AT~'::;~.~ O:i':"~ H .... ':;::;::;:::::::;::::;:: .. :;:::::::::::; ........ ::::::;;::':'..l :;;;;,;.;;:;;::::::Tah - ••. ::~.,tlaguma __ ~•• Seque~. SA~UIA g .. ! ...:p. s;5E Ul .::::::'.:::;;' ... ", ... ""......... : .... " \- ............... ".... ~ .. '.:Q--::"." ,";:.;,-. .,.' "'tf'", L. H " " " .. , . " " " " " . " ... " . ". ; ; : :. ~ ." ;;:;;;;;;:;:;:;:;. -t Daora "::' :::;')/ Echderia ,.,..........., Mahbes 1'. (j § 1-3 ;:;-::;;:;:::::::: .:;:;::;:::::;; . .;::::~:::'.::"'''''.:'' .• ELAAIUN '.y.' ,'"' ;r. ..... 0 1-3 ......................... " .......... playa 01 Aalun , '''_ --<lGaada • .'-"'~",,........ ' EI Farsla I .... ~~ 0 r-IH .: : : ::: :: :: :: : : ::: :: :: ::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::; ~ .~::: :: :: : : : : : : : : :': :: : : :'::: :: ! r·.:::-.' ... ·.. ·... ~.,)!~!.~~ .1·/Iawo ••: =j ~ A ~,r i. •................. I-3Q 1-3 1-3::t: .. .:::::::;;::::;:: .... ::::.::::::::::::: :':;:::::::::::." .:: i.emsid : • E L or.LJ " 1:%:11-3 ~ ... ,;:::::;::;;::: :;::::::;::::;::::::'('.::::::::::::::::;;.::;:". A ". " /,:!((~~ ....... () Lehilol I ..... t%j t; : :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : " . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ Bu eraa",' " "i(';5~ \._..... .,.. - • 26· ~ (j~ ~ ~ H ~ (j H "'I
    [Show full text]