St i n r Ex e l , Op o t i s Suc s al
“Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family” Kofi Annan (research who he is)
Knowledge Organiser Year 8 Term One
Name:
Tutor Group: Knowledge Organisers at Redmoor Academy
Why do we have knowledge organisers? Your knowledge organisers help you to be successful in many ways. Firstly, they make clear the key elements needed in a topic to have an excellent understanding of it. If you know these elements, your teacher will help you to understand them.
What are my teachers’ expectations of me? In year 7 and 8 your teachers will give you homework that means you will be spending 20 minutes a week learning information from your knowledge organiser for each subject. In year 9 this will 30-40 minutes. Teachers will test you once a week to make sure that you are completing the homework and remembering your knowledge. Your knowledge organiser exercise book is where you will complete your practising. Each time you revise and practise, you should put the subject as the title and the date. Rule off when you have completed your revising for that subject. Teachers and form tutors will be regularly checking that you are revising.
How will my teachers use them? Each subject will set homework once a week that will help you to learn your knowledge organiser. They will also test you once a week on certain parts to see how well you have remembered it. Research tells us that this practising is a really good way of helping you make sure that the knowledge stays in your memory. Over time you will build on this knowledge to make sure that you know everything you need to for your subject. Sometimes you may have high stakes quizzes, where teachers will set a certain score that you have to reach to be successful.
How will they help me revise? When it comes to GCSEs, you have lots of information to remember. Your knowledge organisers will gradually build up this knowledge over 5 years to help support you in year 11 so that when you revise, you are just recalling knowledge that you have already stored. Also, you will have practised lots of revision techniques whilst revising your knowledge organisers over the past 5 years, which will help prepare you for the final exams. Top tips for learning and revising the information in your knowledge organiser
Check the website for more subject specific revision information Essential: Black or blue pen, Pencils, Ruler (30cm), Protractor, Compass, Rubber, Pencil, Sharpener, Purple Contents Page and Equipment Pen, Scientific Calculator Coloured Crayons, Student Organiser, Knowledge Organiser and Locker Key English Additional: Coloured pens, Highlighters, Cue Cards or Post-it Notes
Maths
Science
MFL
History
Geography
ICT
Art/ Design
Drama
ME
Music
PE Year 8 English: great expectations PLOT SUMMARY KEY QUOTATIONS KEY CONTEXT On Christmas Eve, Pip meets My father’s family name being Pirrip, Philip Pirrip (Pip) Crime Vol 1 the convict Abel Magwitch who and my christian name Phillip, my infant idealistic, kind, self-critical John Dickens, the father of Charles Dickens, was imprisoned in the asks him to steal a file and tongue could make of both names An orphan whose life we follow Marshalsea Debtors' Prison for unpaid debt in 1824 when Charles was food. Joe and Mrs. Joe are nothing longer or more explicit than has a deep desire to improve just 12 years old. A person in a prison of this kind would have had to Ch introduced. Soldiers recapture Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came himself. He is generous and stay until they had worked off their debt through labour, or secured 1-19 Magwitch. to be called Pip. (Pip) caring but also becomes enough money from outside funds in order to pay off the balance. So haughty and disloyal as he tries crime and punishment is a subject that the writer had strong opinions on. Pip visits Estella and Miss My sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery, was more to become a gentleman. Dickens felt that treating convicted criminals badly might only lead them Havisham at Satis House. Pip than twenty years older than I, and had into even more criminal activity and that given a chance in life, a falls in love with Estella but she established a great reputation with person's natural goodness would often win through. mocks him for his low status. herself and the neighbours because she had brought me up ‘by hand.’ ... I Estrella Victorian Social Classes Mrs Joe is attacked. supposed that Joe Gargery and I were cruel, manipulative, beautiful In Victorian times, society was strictly layered - not only into rich and both brought up by hand. (Mrs Joe) The adopted daughter of Miss poor, or even upper, middle and lower class, but hundreds of 'grades'. Pip becomes an apprentice to Havisham , Estella is raised to People were expected to 'know their place', and the Church taught them Joe until he inherits a large But, I saw that everything within my ‘wreak revenge on the male sex.’ to be content in their 'station'. Dickens did not like the effects of social sum of money from a view which ought to be white, had been She is cold and unable to love. class. mysterious benefactor and white long ago, and had lost its lustre,
leaves for London. and was faded and yellow. Bildungsroman - meaning 'instruction novel' (Miss Havisham) Great Expectations is a book about growing up. The reader meets Pip Pip is educated as a gentleman Miss Havisham when he is seven, and follows his life until he meets Estella again at the Vol 2 in London. ‘He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy!’ affluent, traumatized, bitter. age of 35. The reader lives Pip's life with him. said Estella with disdain, before our first Abandoned on her wedding day, He visits Joe and it is awkward game was out. ‘And what coarse hands she shuts the world out and Ch as Pip is now embarrassed at he has! And what thick boots!’ (Estella) preserves herself and her house in THE NOVEL’S MESSAGES 20 - how uneducated he is. full wedding regalia for 20 years. 39 I set off on the four-mile walk to our Affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social Pip meets Estella again. She forge; pondering, as I went along, on all advancement, wealth, and class. humiliates him I had seen, and deeply revolving that I was a common labouring-boy; that my Magwitch Love and loyalty underlie happiness (when things go well) and misery Pip discovers his benefactor is hands were coarse; that my boots were kind, generous, unfortunate. (when things go wrong). Magwitch – he is devastated thick; that I had fallen into a despicable A convict who threatens Pip at but agrees to help Magwitch habit of calling knaves Jacks; that I was the start of the book and escape so he isn’t hanged. much more ignorant than I had becomes an anonymous patron England's system of justice was wholly unjust. Some criminals were considered myself last night, and to him. His criminal record is good men trapped by an unfair system generally that I was in a low-lived bad Pip confronts Miss Havisham due to being cruelly swindled. way. (Pip) about how Estella's father is Vol 3 Magwitch. She sets herself on Symbols A man who had been soaked in water, fire and Pip saves her but she and smothered in mud, and lamed by eventually dies from her Joe Gargery Satis House. Dickens creates a magnificent Gothic setting Ch stones, and cut by flints, and stung by injuries. uneducated, moral, loving 40 - nettles, and torn by briars; who limped, whose various elements symbolise Pip’s romantic perception of and shivered, and glared and growled; the upper class. 59 Magwitch is imprisoned and Joe is a father figure to Pip and and whose teeth chattered in his head dies. has no formal education but a as he seized me by the chin.
deep sense of integrity. Mists on the Marshes. The misty marshes near Pip’s (Magwitch) Pip become ill and is nursed childhood home in Kent are used several times to symbolize back to health by Joe who also danger and uncertainty. "Pip, dear old chap, life is made of ever pays off his debts. so many partings welded together, and
Mrs Joe as I may say, one man's a blacksmith, The Wedding dress and the Wedding feast. These Pip gets better and goes to Capricious, abusive, one's a whitesmith, and one's a symbolize Miss Havisham’s past. work in Cairo. tyrannical goldsmith, and one's a coppersmith.
A harsh, fiery woman who is Diwisioins among such must come, and Pip returns 11 years later and obsessed with social status. The Stopped Clocks. These symbolize time and her must be met as they come.‘ marries Estella whose first She is cruel to both Pip and determined attempt to freeze time by refusing to change (Joe Gargery) husband has died. Joe. anything from the way it was when she was jilted on her wedding day. Subject Terminology Words to Avoid and Sophisticated Alternatives Structuring your work using ‘This shows’ – use ‘which suggests / implies / indicates / illuminates / WHAT, HOW and WHY Pathetic Fallacy: the attribution of human elucidates’ etc. feelings and responses to inanimate things or Or animals, especially in art and literature Effective essay paragraphs are structured so that they ‘suggesting’, ‘implying’ Symbolism: the use of symbols to represent answer three key questions: ideas or qualities. ‘Quote’ / ‘quotation’ – use adjective, noun, adverb, verb, image, phrase, use of Protagonist: the leading character or one of imagery etc. W the major characters in a play, film or novel. WHAT: What is the writer presenting / portraying / depicting? Imagery: the use of literary devices which ‘I think’ – avoid using the first person in essays. Use ‘It could be argued that… / This is sometimes called a ‘topic sentence’ because it should The reader might infer that…’ encourage us to form a mental picture in our establish the topic of the paragraph using the question’s key mind about the way something or someone looks, sounds, behaves, etc. The language ‘You get the impression’ – the reader / audience is positioned to feel words. used often relates to one or more of our five senses. ‘This puts a picture in your head’ – use ‘this creates an image of xxx which is E.g. Exam Question: How does Dickens present Miss Havisham? Semantic field: a group of words belonging to effective because xxx’ a common theme or motif. Dickens presents Miss Havisham as a traumatised woman who Connotation: an idea or feeling which a word Sophisticated Analytical Sentence Structures cannot move on from her past. invokes or suggests. Chronological order: a story told in time H order. 1. Reader positioning HOW: How are these ideas demonstrated and developed? e.g. The reader is positioned against / in favour / to think… Step 1: Introduce and embed a quotation so that you provide Key Vocabulary 2. Analysing the alternative interpretation evidence for the point you have made in your first sentence. Try to e.g. This image could also be interpreted as representing… use subject terminology where possible. Step 2: Explain what the line means on a literal level and what is Benefactor: a person who gives money or other help to a person or cause. 3. Analysing the combined effect of several techniques suggests in relation to the question. e.g. The writer uses _____ coupled with ___ to reflect… Step 3: Zoom in on the most important words in the quotation and Ambition: desire and determination to analyse their connotations (the deeper ideas, feelings and achieve success. 4. Tracing how key ideas are developed through a text associations which they produce). e.g. This idea / further sense of ____ is further developed by… Privilege: a special right, advantage, or Miss Havisham’s first appearance sees her in Satis house waiting immunity granted or available only to a 5. Peeling away the layers of characterisation particular person or group . for Pip to arrive. She is dressed in her bridal gown which ‘had lost e.g. On the exterior ______, yet on the interior we can infer _____ its lustre and was faded and yellow’. This suggests she has not Ostentatious: a showy display; designed changed or recovered from the trauma of her wedding day as the to impress. 6. Deepening analysis e.g. At first glance _____, however, on closer inspection ______. material is aged and ruined. Dickens’ use of the phrase ‘lost its Colloquialisms: a word or phrase that is lustre’ suggests that like her white dress, her innocence and not formal or literary and is used in ordinary You should try to use two verbs, like these, in your analysis: happiness has faded . The noun ‘lustre’ is a glow or shine or familiar conversation e.g. … suggesting ______suggesting that she is no longer hopeful and happy but is miserable. Gothic: redolent of the Dark Ages; and implying ______. portentously gloomy or horrifying. Y Building and Contrasting Connectives WHY: Why is this portrayal important? Why might it create shock / suspense / humour / sympathy for a reader? Why is Use building and contrasting connectives to make connections between Dickens presenting this way? Why does it relate to context and paragraphs and to improve the fluency of your writing. what are the messages?
Building connectives: ‘In addition’, ‘Moreover’, ‘Furthermore’, ‘Similarly’ Dickens skilfully puts the reader into a position of intrigue and Contrasting connectives: ‘In contrast’, ‘However’, ‘Conversely’ suspicion towards Miss Havisham by showing her to be eccentric and unpredictable. The shocking image of a rich and privileged Authorial Adverbs woman who was also psychologically damaged would have shown the Victorian readers that being rich does not ensure moral Charles Dickens____ skilfully, subtly, provocatively, disturbingly, pivotally, values or happiness. effectively, strikingly, challengingly, crucially, significantly, clearly… Year 8 English: World War I Poetry
‘The Soldier’ by Rupert Brooke ‘Who’s for the Game?’ by Jessie Pope ‘In Flanders Fields’ by John McCrae
Context: Meaning: Context: Meaning: Context: Meaning: - Rupert Brooke was an The poem is told from the - Jessie Pope is an English The poem is highly jingoistic - John McCrae was a The poem is written from English poet perspective of a soldier poet who is best known for and is aimed at getting men Canadian soldier poet and a the point of view of the dead - He received a private leaving England to go to her motivational poems to enlist for war. It uses a soldier during WWI and tells of their sacrifices. education at Rugby School war. published during WW1 series of comparisons and - He wrote the poem after It demands that we - He is known for his idealist The speaker informs the - The poem was published questions to persuade (even the funeral of a close friend remember those who have sonnets which write about the audience about what to in The Daily Mail and was pressure) men to fight. The who was killed in a battle died and that we honour beauty of England and the think of him should he die. written to encourage men to speaker aims at getting men - Poppies have become a them. bravery of heroism of British The soldier, who has been sign up for war to think about their roles in symbol of remembrance for The speaker calls for the soldiers raised and nurtured by - Poets like Owen and war, making them feel the fallen living to ‘take the baton’ and - Brooke enlisted at the England, will go an English Sassoon found her work cowardly if they decide not - The poem was written to continue to fight against outbreak of war in 1914 and heaven once he dies. distasteful - Owen even to fight. near to the start of war the enemy. If the living do died of an infection in 1915 The poem conveys the originally dedicated ‘Dulce before the romanticism of not do this, the dead will not patriotic feelings of et Decorum Est’ to her! war turned to bitterness be able to rest in their England in 1914. graves. Language: Structure and Form: - Rhetorical questions: - The poem has a simple Language: Structure and Form: Pope asks a series of structure and a regular beat Language: Structure and Form: - Personification: England is - The poem is written as a questions to encourage men which make war sound - Symbolism: the birds, ‘the - The poem begins by personified and becomes a sonnet containing 14 lines to consider what their role in upbeat and jolly larks’, are symbols of referencing sky and fields, mother to the poet in this - The poem’s lines can be war will be. The repetition of - The rhyme, like ‘played’ freedom and beauty and giving an impression of an poem. It also gives him divided into 2 groups: the them helps to build pressure and ‘unafraid’ is used to they contrast strongly with idyllic setting for the dead to ‘flowers’ and ‘washed’ and sestet (first 8 lines giving a on the reader. create an upbeat tone, it is the world below. The poem rest ‘blest’ him. problem) and the octave - Comparisons: throughout almost like a nursery rhyme has romantic images of the - However, the birds can - Repetition: ‘England’ is (last 6 lines giving a the poem the comparison of - The final stanza of the fields. hardly be heard among the repeated 14 times in the solution) weak to strong helps to poem shifts from - Imperatives: the dead guns below. The poet poem, showing how strongly - The first 8 lines discuss persuade the audience to questioning to directly order the living to continue shows how the peaceful he felt about his homeland. the possibility of the fight. talking to the reader, ‘you’, the fight, stating ‘take up scenes of nature and the - Natural imagery: the poem soldier dying and reflect on Personification: the poet in order to put pressure on our quarrel with the foe’ sounds of war are close is all about nature and the the role England has makes England a female to the men reading the poem - Imagery: the image of together which shows how speaker’s relationship with it played in his development encourage the readers’ throwing the torch suggests quickly life can be turned to is close. - The last 6 lines think masculine instincts – they that the dead want to light death. - Religious imagery: the about an after-life in are meant to want to protect the way forward for others. - There is a shift in mood in river is personified and heaven her It must be ‘held high’ which the second stanza when the ‘washed’ and ‘blest’ the poet. - The poem contains a - Euphemisms: Pope uses shows how proud the poet turns to first person, As these images are linked to Volta, or turning point, euphemisms (like ‘game’ soldiers were of fighting for ‘we are the dead’. It shocks water they are connected to where the speaker and ‘show’) to help her to their country. the reader and gives the baptism and show how imagines heaven glorify war. dead a voice. England made him a child of God and kept him pure. Key Quotations: Key Quotations: ‘The biggest that’s played’ Key Quotations: ‘Who want a turn to himself in ‘There’s some corner of a ‘crosses, row on row’ the show…?’ ‘larks, still bravely singing’ foreign field / That is forever ‘Your country is up to her neck England’ in a fight’ ‘We are the dead’ ‘A richer dust concealed’ ‘she’s looking and calling for ‘we throw the torch’ ‘A dust whom England bore’ you’ ‘Blest by suns of home’ ‘Dreamers’ by Siegfried Sassoon ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ by Wilfred Owen ‘Suicide in the Trenches’ by Siegfried Sassoon Context: Meaning: Context: Meaning: - Siegfried Sassoon was a The poem is about soldiers - The poet was a WWI The poem describes Context: Meaning: British war poet and soldier, who are at war. The soldier who experienced the exhausted and wounded - Siegfried Sassoon was a The poem is an angry and and one of the major poets speakers tells how soldiers horror of war directly soldiers returning from the British war poet and blunt tale of a young soldier of WWI are placed in terrible and - He directed the poem front line to rest. They get soldier, and one of the who commits suicide - He was decorated for his dangerous conditions where towards Jessie Pope and caught in a gas attack and major poets of WWI because of war. The poem acts of bravery during the any moment could be their those who told lies told to one soldier tells us his - He was decorated for shows the psychological war but decided that he last, and all they can do it soldiers memories of watching a man his acts of bravery during effects of war (the effect on could not support the war dream of being back home. - He spent time in die in front of his helpless the war but decided that men’s minds). The ‘simple after a period of leave The poem deals with the Craiglockhart Military eyes and of the dreams he could not support the soldier boy’ could be any - He spent time for horror of war and shows Hospital and felt the mental which haunt him afterwards. war after a period of leave number of real soldiers. shell-shock at Craiglockhart how soldiers long to escape effects of war His experiences cause him to - He spent time for Through the poem, Sassoon Military Hospital and he from the gunfire but can only - He was tragically killed in attack those who tell young shell-shock at attacks people back home experienced the horrors of do so in their dreams. the final week of the war in men that it’s right to die for Craiglockhart Military who blindly support war war first hand 1918 their country. Hospital and he without knowing its effects Language: Structure and Form: Language: Structure and Form: experienced the horrors on the men who fight. - Metaphor: the idea that - The poet is a sonnet - Simile: the ‘like old - Caesura: the use of this of war first hand soldiers live in ‘death’s grey divided into two stanzas. beggars’ simile makes technique at the start land’ presents them as men The first introduces ideas young, fit men sound (punctuation within the lines Language: Structure and Form: who are living under the about what soldiers are. prematurely old and of poetry) makes the pace - Repetition: the poet - The poem begins with an shadow of death constantly. They are uncertain about destitute. They’ve lost slower and emphasises how repeats ‘and’ to almost nursery rhyme story. They never know whether their futures but expected to everything – even their tired and exhausted the emphasise the amount of The upbeat tone which the the day could be their last. fight bravely for their dreams. soldiers are. suffering the soldiers bouncy rhythm creates - Listing: the poet lists all of countries. - Sensory imagery: war - Enjambment: the poet uses endure – ‘crumps and lice makes the reader think that the things men miss about - The second stanza begins has stripped the soldiers of this technique (of spilling over and lack of rum’ the poem will be positive. home and uses the with a volta where the mood their senses. Many are a line onto the next in the - Tone: the poet uses a - However, the second conjunction ‘and’ to add to changes and we see the ‘blind’, ‘deaf’ and limping. second stanza) when the gas blunt and matter of fact stanza changes the mood as the list. This suggests that reality of life for men in the War leaves men with hits. It reflects the panic of tone which makes the the ‘winter trenches’ start to they miss so much about trenches. They are gnawed nothing. the soldiers and the chaos of poem more shocking – take effect. home. by rats, lashed by rain and - Imagery: the imagery of war. ‘put a bullet through his - The final stanza is angry - Contrast: the poet dream of doing normal the green sea of gas and - At the start, the poet brain’ and accusatory in tone. It is contrasts the soldiers’ things back home. the drowning man suggests deliberately introduces the - Adjectives: the directed at people who start dreams of life back home, the helplessness of the soldiers as weak and language used in the final war without knowing the ‘hell the ‘fire lit homes’ and ‘clean soldier. exhausted so that they can stanza, like ‘smug faced’, where youth and laughter beds’, with the horrors they - Irony: the title of the show how vulnerable they are suggests that the poet is go’. experience like the threat of poem, meaning ‘it is sweet during war. angry at how ignorant the - The upbeat tone doesn’t death, the gunfire, and the and honourable’ is used - At the end the poet public are. match the content of the rats which gnaw. This ironically. This means that addresses the reader directly, poem perhaps because the emphasises the terror of the poet doesn’t think this saying ‘if you too could pace’. poet is attacking those who war. but believes the opposite, in are upbeat about war when fact! it’s about death and Key Quotations: Key Quotations: suffering. ‘Citizens of death’s grey ‘bent double, like old beggars under sacks’ Key Quotations: land’ ‘I knew a simple soldier boy’ ‘Soldiers are dreamers’ ‘As under a green sea I saw him drowning’ ‘crumps and lice and lack of ‘gnawed by rats’ ‘In all my dreams’ ‘helpless rum’ ‘mocked by hopeless sight’ ‘Smug faced crowds’ longing’ ‘The old lie’ ‘Sneak home…hell where youth and laughter go’ Subject Terminology Comparing poems and structuring your work Caesura: a break within a line of poetry where using WHAT, HOW and WHY there is punctuation to create a pause. Effective essay paragraphs are structured so that they Enjambment: spilling over a line of poetry onto answer three key questions: the next by using no punctuation at the end. W Sonnet: a 14 line poem, traditionally about WHAT: What are the poets presenting? love, with two clear sections. The sestet This is sometimes called a ‘topic sentence’ because it should introduces the problem and the octave (next 8 establish the topic of the paragraph using the question’s key words. lines) gives the solution. Sonnets contain a
Volta, or turning point. E.g. Exam Question: How does Jessie Pope present war in ‘Who’s for Metaphor: a figure of speech describing an the Game?’? Compare to one other poem. object in a way which isn’t true but helps to Poem B Both poets present war differently. Whereas Jessie Pope sees war as a make a comparison. Poem A game to be won, Wilfred Owen shows how horrifying and traumatic the Imagery: descriptive language which creates experience of being a soldier was. clear images. H HOW: How are these ideas demonstrated and developed? Personification: giving human qualities to Step 1: Introduce and embed a quotation so that you provide evidence something not alive. Building and Contrasting for the point you have made in your first sentence. Try to use subject Simile: a figure of speech comparing one thing Connectives terminology where possible. Step 2: Explain what the line means on a literal level and what is to another using as or like. Use contrasting connectives to make connections suggests in relation to the question. Rhyme scheme: the pattern of rhyme within a between the two poems. Step 3: Zoom in on the most important words in the quotation and poem. Contrasting connectives: ‘In contrast’, ‘However’, analyse their connotations (the deeper ideas, feelings and associations ‘Conversely’ which they produce). Tone: this is the poem’s feelings or emotions. In ‘Who’s for the Game?’ Pope uses the euphemism of war being a ‘red Sophisticated Analytical Sentence crashing game’ in order to make war sound less dangerous and even Topic Vocabulary Structures fun. The adjective ‘red’ could hint at bloodshed but she never actually says this. On the other hand, Owen shows how the experience of war is Patriotic: having or expressing devotion to one’s Reader positioning far from energetic and exciting. At the start of the poem the men are ‘like country. e.g. The reader is positioned against / in favour / to old beggars’ and this simile shows how they are so exhausted they are Jingoism: the extreme belief that your country is think… barely able to function. The adjective ‘old’ shows how war has stripped best. away their young lives and made them age. Analysing the alternative interpretation Pastoral: writing giving an idealised version of e.g. This image could also be interpreted as representing… Y country life. WHY: Why is this portrayal important? Why might it create shock / suspense / humour / sympathy for a reader? Why does it relate to Propaganda: information of a biased or misleading Tracing how key ideas are developed through a context and what are the messages? nature. text e.g. This idea / further sense of ____ is further Romanticise: to describe in an idealised way or developed by… As Pope was writing for an audience of The Daily Mail and trying to unrealistic manner. encourage men to sign up to fight she is deliberately misleading her Deepening analysis audience and almost tricking them into fighting. In contrast, Owen is Trenches: narrow dugouts in the ground where You should try to use two verbs, like these, in your writing from direct experience and wants his readers to know how war troops would be partially sheltered from the enemy. analysis: has stripped away the life and laughter from the soldiers. He is almost e.g. … suggesting ______writing directly addressing Jessie Pope and proving that her ideas are Futility: pointlessness or uselessness. and implying ______. incorrect. Year 8 Maths: Number Sense Prime Numbers Block One
Prime Factor Tree
Roots: √ 64 = 8 or -8 (8x8 = 64 -8x-8 = 64) Year 8 Maths - Ratio & Proportion Simplifying a Ratio Proportional Reasoning Block 2 Divide all parts Compare two things by using a Ratio of the ratio by multiplier to find missing quantities. a common x3 factor Ratio compares the size of one 20 minutes 60 pages part to another part. Written using the : symbol. x3 e.g. 50 minutes? 150 pages Hamburgers to Pizzas 7:5
Direct Proportion Unitary Method Direct Proportion Graph
A graph in direct Two quantities are in direct proportion proportion will when they increase or decrease in the
3 cakes require 450g of sugar to always be a straight same ratio. For example, you could make. Find how much sugar is line passing through increase something by doubling it, or needed to make 5 cakes. (0,0) Find the value decrease it by halving. 12 pencils = 60p of a single unit 3 cakes = 450g 24 pencils = £1.20 6 pencils = 30p So 1 cake = 150g (÷ by 3) 1 pencil = 5p the cost of a pencil is So 5 cakes = 750 g (x by 5) A - Price in pence constant
Ratio 1:n Symbol for Direct Proportion Sharing in a Given Ratio Divide each number by the first number to get 1 Write the ratio 4:10 In the form 1:n Direct Proportion Formula
Price apples = cost/apple x no.of apples Year 8 Science Organisms Microorganisms that naturally live in the gut bacteria Context: intestine and help food break down. What do we eat to stay healthy? Lower part of the intestine from which Key m Def i n A need to keep taking a drug in order to water is absorbed and where faeces addiction large intestine What damage can be caused through smoking, drinking alcohol feel normal. (solid waste of undigested food) are Small air sacs found at the end of each formed. and taking drugs? Enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty alveolus bronchiole where gas exchange takes lipase place with the blood. acids and glycerol. How does our body break down and use the food we eat? Muscular ring through which faeces Nutrient that provides a store of energy anus pass out of the body. lipid and insulate the body. Found in butter, A lung disorder in which inflammation milk, eggs, nuts. (swelling) causes the bronchi to swell Measure of the amount of air breathed asthma lung volume and narrow the airways, creating in or out. Maths: Calculating percentage change breathing difficulties. Malnourishme Eating the wrong amount or wrong types Percentage change (%) = (difference/original amount) x100 balanced Eating food containing the right nt of food. Drug that has a medical benefit to your diet nutrients in the correct amounts. medicinal drug Worked example: health. bile Substance that breaks fat into droplets. “Concentration of oxygen in exhaled air decreases to 30 units from The movement of air in and out of the mineral Nutrient needed in small amounts to breathing 150 units in inhaled air. Calculate the percentage decrease in the lungs. (biology) keep you healthy. Essential substance that your body needs concentration of oxygen in the air we exhale." bronchiole Small tube in the lung. Nutrient One of two tubes which carry air into to survive, provided by food. bronchus Enzyme that breaks down proteins into the lungs. Protease Percentage decrease = (actual decrease ÷ original value) x 100 carbohydra Enzyme that breaks down amino acids. Actual decrease: 150 - 30 = 120 se carbohydrates into sugar molecules. Nutrient your body uses to build new Percentage decrease: (120 ÷ 150) x 100 = 80% Nutrient that supplies the body’s main tissue for growth and repair. Sources are carbohydrat Protein source of energy. There are two types: meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, beans, e simple (sugars) and complex (starch). nuts, and seeds. Substances that speed up chemical recreational catalyst Drug that is taken for enjoyment. reactions but are unchanged at the end. drug Digestive system Respiratory system A lack of minerals that causes poor The process that transfers energy in deficiency plants and animals. In respiration, growth. Respiration A drug that slows down the body’s glucose reacts with oxygen to make depressant reactions by slowing down the nervous carbon dioxide from water. system. respiratory Organ system which replaces oxygen and Parts of plants that cannot be digested. system removes carbon dioxide from the blood. dietary It helps the body to eliminate waste by A drug that speeds up the body’s fibre providing bulk to keep food moving Stimulant reactions by speeding up the nervous through the digestive system. system. Process in which large molecules are Digestion Tube which carries air from the mouth broken down into smaller molecules. trachea Chemical substance that affects the way and nose to the lungs. drug your body works. Tiny projections in the small intestine Substances that speed up the chemical villi wall that increase the area for reactions of digestion resulting in large enzyme absorption. molecules being broken into small Essential nutrients needed in small molecules. vitamin amounts to keep you healthy. ethanol The drug found in alcoholic drinks. Unpleasant symptom a person with a withdrawal gas The transfer of gases between an drug addiction suffers from when they symptoms exchange organism and its environment. stop taking the drug. Year 8 Science Ecosystems: Photosynthesis
Keyword Definition
Algae Aquatic plants that contain chlorophyll but lack true stems, leaves, roots, and vascular tissue
Chlorophyll Green pigment in plants and algae which absorb light energy
Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis in a plant, contains chlorophyll
Deficiency A lack of minerals that causes poor growth Cross section of a leaf Fertilisers Chemicals containing minerals that plants need to build new tissues
Iodine Indicator used to test for the presence of starch Factors affecting the
Photosynthesis The process plants and algae use to make their own food, rate of glucose. photosynthesis
Producers Organisms that make their own food using photosynthesis Nitrates (contain nitrogen)- for healthy growth Stomata Pores in the bottom of a leaf which open and close to let gases Phosphates (contain phosphorous)- in and out for healthy roots Potassium- for healthy leaves Photosynthesis equation Magnesium- for making chlorophyll Iodine test- a few drops of iodine solution are added When crops are harvested, minerals are removed to a leaf. If starch is from the ground. These would normally be present, the iodine will turn from yellow-brown to replaced when the plant dies, or when leaves are 6CO + 6H O C H O + 6O blue-black shed. To prevent future crops suffering from a 2 2 6 12 6 2 mineral deficiency, farmers add chemicals to the soil to replace missing minerals-these are called fertilisers Year 8 Science Ecosystems: Respiration Res ti u t o Aerobic respiration Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide Keyword Definition + water (+energy) Aerobic Occurring only in the presence of oxygen C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H2O
Anaerobic Occurring in the absence of oxygen Anaerobic respiration Glucose lactic acid (+energy) Biotechnology The use of biological processes or organisms to create useful products C6H12O6 2C3H6O3 Fermentation A type of anaerobic respiration in which glucose is converted into ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy Fermentation Haemoglobin The substance in blood that carries oxygen around Glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide the body (+energy)
Oxygen debt Extra oxygen required after anaerobic respiration to C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 break down lactic acid Glucose from digestion is carried around your body in your Plasma Liquid that transports blood cells and other materials blood. It dissolves in the liquid part of your blood called around the body plasma. The oxygen you breath in diffuses into your bloodstream through the alveoli in the lungs. Oxygen joins to Respiration The chemical reaction the transfers energy to your the haemoglobin in the red blood cells and is carried around cells the body.
Yeast is a microorganism. It is used in the production of bread and Respiration occurs in the alcohol through the process of fermentation. Fermentation is a type of mitochondria. All cells contain anaerobic respiration. Enzymes present in the yeast speed up the mitochondria but different cells fermentation, making the reaction occur faster. contain different amounts. Muscle cells carry out lots of respiration, so they contain large amounts of mitochondria Year 8 French Year 8 History Thematic Study: Economic History 1500-modern day
Key Events Key Terms & People Historical Concepts 1492: Columbus lands in the Caribbean Economic: relating to money/wealth/poverty 1619: Slave trade begins with first ship full Exploration: travelling to find new parts of the world of Africans docking in Virginia colony (now Trade Triangle: the slave trade system Europe/Africa?america Assessment Assessment USA) Abolition: to oppose or end something Objective 2: Objective 3: 1600s - 1700s Enclosure Acts Overseer: a person who supervised slaves or factory workers Explaining Sources & 1712: Newcomen develops steam Olaudah Equiano: an ex-slave who wrote about his life Interpretations powered pump Thomas Clarkson: campaigned for abolition of slavery 1761: Bridgewater Canal opens Granville Sharp: used legal means to try to abolish slavery 1765: James Watt’s steam engine William Wilberforce: MP who campaigned to abolish slavery 1771: Arkwright builds Cromford Mill textile Steam power: using pressure from heating water to power Causation: why Inference: factory machines events making 1772: Somerset case - court ruling that no Iron: main metal used in manufacturing, steel is an alloy of this happened. judgements from slave could be forcibly removed from Canal: method of transporting heavy good by water Consequence: sources Britain Turnpike Trust: Private toll roads what happened Message: what a 1789: publication of Olaudah Equiano’s Domestic System: manufacturing items in the home as a result of an source says autobiography Factory System: manufacturing in a specially constructed building event Purpose: why a 1790s: Canal Mania - huge investment Population: the people in a country and construction begins Industrial Revolution: change from an agrarian economy to Change: what source was 1807: The slave trade is abolished by manufacturing was different created Great Britain James Watt: developed the first effective steam engine Continuity: what Nature: the type 1833: Slavery is abolished in all British Thomas Telford: architect and civil engineer, designed transport stayed the same of source colonies solutions Importance/ Origin: who 1839: Amistad slave ship rebellion Richard Arkwright: pioneered the factory system significance: created a source 1840’s: Railway Mania - huge investment George Stephenson: engineer and railway pioneer explaining why Reliability: and construction begins Rural: countryside areas/settlements 1833: 1st Factory Act - no children under 9 Urban: town or city areas/settlements something trustworthy allowed to work, 9-13s limited to 9 hours Poverty: the state of not having enough resources for a minimum mattered Bias/biased: work with 2 hours school, 14-18 yr olds standard of living Analytical one-sided limited to 12 hours Textiles: Cloth or clothing production by spinning and weaving Narrative: Utility: what a 1844: 2nd Factory Act - textile factories Apprentice: an child (sometimes orphans) who worked in factories explaining how a source is useful 8-13yr olds limited to 6.5 hrs and 3 hrs in return for food and lodging series of events for school, women limited to 12 hrs Workhouse: a place where poor people could get food and shelter were connected Interpretation: a 1926: The General Strike in return for work 1936: Jarrow Crusade - unemployed Depression: severe downturn in the economy, causes mass Evaluate: to view or opinion workers march to London unemployment come to a on the past 1948: Empire Windrush arrives Colony: a area controlled by a foreign power as part of an empire reasoned 1959: Austin Mini car begins production General Strike: when several sectors go on strike at the same time judgement
Key Term Definition Geography Year 8: Tourism Flow Line Maps Tourism Is travel for recreation, leisure or business purposes. Domestic Are located in the tourist’s own country. So, for British people, they Destinations are destinations in the UK. Short-haul Can be reached by air flight of less than 3 hours. For tourists from destinations the UK, they are places in Europe and around the Mediterranean Sea. Long-haul Are further away and include tropical destinations in countries such destinations as Jamaica, Kenya and Thailand. HIC High Income Country. A country with GNI per capita higher than $12 746. Pie Charts Flow Line Maps LIC Low Income Country. A country with GNI per capita lower than Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages $1045. A good way of Hard to assess % Immediate impression - Hard to draw GNI Gross National Income. The total domestic and foreign output by showing how a accurately visual residents of a country. total is divided up Shows movement Flows can be in the same Tourist A person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure. easily direction/overlap Visually Comparing one GDP Gross Domestic Product. The total value of goods and services Gives clear sense of Might be difficult to produced by a country in one year. effective pie chart to another is direction show meeting points Tertiary Sector This refers to the commercial services that support the production difficult without overwhelming and distribution process, e.g insurance, transport, advertising the map warehousing and other services such as healthcare and teaching. Can be used on Small segments a map for extra are difficult to information draw Mass Tourism When large numbers of tourists visit the same destination. Bar graphs & Line graphs Charter Flights Special flights arranged to transport tourists to a destination. Easily Can be tedious understood & and Package Holidays that include flights, airport transfers and accommodation. visual time-consuming Holidays to construct Honeypot When people swarm to attractions. Comparisons Can be difficult can be made to read Extreme Places where people find it difficult to live. They’re wild and accurately Environment inhospitable, places like mountains, deserts and rainforests. Bar charts show Often requires Adventure More active holidays with more risk. Off the beaten track and in cumulative additional Holidays more unusual environments. data/discrete information to data be useful Ecotourism When people visit a place because of its natural environment and cause as little harm to it as possible. Line graphs Scale needs to show be carefully Sustainable Development which meets the needs of people now and in the continuous data considered future, but limits harm to the environment. Year 8 ICT & Computer Science Key Terminology Python Programming Python A text based programming language that is very close to written English
Data Types Algorithm A set of steps or instructions to complete a task. String Any combination of letters, numbers or symbols e.g. “Hello” Variable A place to store a single piece of data
Integer A whole number e.g. 1, 64, 255 Input When data is entered into a computer by a user Float/Real A number with a decimal (e.g. 3.14) Output When data is displayed on a device Boolean Either true or false such as a monitor or printer
Character A single alphanumeric character (e.g. A, 2) Assignment When one variable is set equal to another e.g. x = y Arithmetic Operators Comparison Operators Sequence When code is run in a specific order, + Addition usually from top to bottom. == Equal to - Subtraction Selection Also called a decision, when a program != Not equal to IF takes a course of action based on an * Multiplication ELIF answer. ELSE > Great than / Division if answer == 0: print("Even") < Less than ** Performs else: exponential (power) print("Odd") calculation on >= Greater than or operators equal to Loops When one or more lines of code are While repeated. e.g. a**b means a <= Less than or equal For to the power of b to for i in range(11): print ("The count is: " + str(i))
Drama Keywords Year 8 Drama: Unit 1 - Creating Character Knowledge Organiser (Term 1a- Sept-Oct)
Thought Thoughts of a character are heard out loud, usually Tracking in a tableau. ‘Tracking their thoughts’ in the moment. Context:
Dialogue The spoken text of a play - conversations between Creating Character: characters - is dialogue. ● You will be exploring how to create a character and to show this through new drama techniques. Monologue Speech delivered by a single actor alone on stage. ● You will look at stock characters to role play and then create your own from scratch! Hot seating ‘Hot seated’ actor answers questions about their ● You will be writing a monologue for your character: It feelings, thoughts, actions as the character. Like an will be interview. performed to your partner and peer assessed.
Projection The strength of your voice to be used loudly and Use of Practitioners, Performance Spaces: clearly. Performance Space: Proscenium Arch - An arch/frame is Tone of The emotion HEARD in your voice of this character. voice created & the Audience have one view point.
Physicality The physical mannerisms of a person, especially when overdeveloped or exaggerated.
Spotlight A ‘Spot’/Circle of Light in a small area- to focus on less actors. Practitioner: Stanislavski - He wanted people to experiment to create a character. He believed that you should use everyday Backlight Light coming from upstage, behind the scenery or language to create a natural/ realistic play, using real settings actors, to sculpt and separate them from the and ‘ordinary’ people. background.
Drama techniques, skills and lighting. Morals and Ethics - Pursuit of Happiness Dhamma The teachings of the Buddha and the Universal Law. Important to Buddhists because by following it they will reduce their own suffering and the suffering of others, which is the ultimate aim of Buddhism Three Marks of 1. Anicca (impermanence): Everything changes and nothing lasts forever. Failure to recognise this leads to clinging and suffering, whereas Existence awareness of it results in letting go of attachment and suffering. 2. Anatta (no fixed self): There is no ‘you’ that is permanent or eternal. Awareness of this can help you become less angry when someone harms ‘you’. 3. Dukkha (unsatisfactoriness of life, suffering): Suffering is an inevitable part of life and can only be overcome by becoming enlightened.
The human Theravada Buddhism teaches that the human personality is made up of five parts; the ‘Five Aggregates’ (skandhas) of form, sensation, personality in the perception, mental formations and consciousness Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism teaches sunyata, the belief that nothing has independent existence. This is like anatta but applied to everything in the Mahayana world. They also teach that everyone has a ‘buddha-nature’ meaning we are already enlightened but need to realise it. traditions
The early life of the Siddhartha Gautama was born an Indian prince around 2500 years ago. He grew up surrounded by luxury and never experienced hardship or Buddha suffering. The Four Sights Siddhartha came across a sick man, old man, dead man and holy man. These inspired him to give up his life of luxury and leave his wife and child. The Buddha’s Siddhartha lived for six years as an ascetic (someone who denies themselves worldly pleasures). After this time he realised that this was not the ascetic life answer and came up with the idea of the ‘Middle Way’ between luxury and asceticism. The Buddha’s Siddhartha meditated under a tree and was tempted by the demon Mara. Over three watches of the night he became enlightened and from Enlightenment then on known as the Buddha. Nibbana Literally means ‘blown out.’ Freedom from suffering and rebirth. Four Noble Truths 1.The truth of suffering (dukkha): Life is full of suffering. 2. The truth of the causes of suffering: Suffering is caused by craving (tanha) and also by the Three Poisons of ignorance, greed and hatred. 3. The truth of the end of suffering: Suffering can be ended by ending craving and the three poisons. When a person ends suffering they become enlightened and achieve nibbana. 4. The truth of the path to end suffering: The path end suffering is the Middle Way and consists of eight practices (the Eightfold Path) that are sometimes grouped into three sections (the Threefold Way). The Threefold Way Section of threefold way Aspect of Eightfold Path Explanation and Eightfold Path Ethics (Sila) Right Speech Speak truthfully and kindly. Right Action Practice the five moral precepts. Right Livelihood Have a job that does not cause suffering. Meditation (Samadhi) Right effort Work hard to become enlightened. Right mindfulness Become aware of yourself and the world Right concentration Develop focus and concentration. Wisdom (panna) Right understanding Understand the dhamma. Right intention Follow the path with the right intention. Key quote “But if any one goes for refuge to the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha he perceives with proper knowledge the four noble truths: suffering; the cause of suffering, the end of suffering and the nobl eightfold path leading to the end of suffering.” The Buddha in the Dhammapada verses 190-191
Music Key Words
Sharp # Raises a note by 1 semitone e.g C to C#
Flat ♭ Lowers a note by one semitone e.g Db to C
Tone A tone is a neighbouring note made up of 2 semitones e.g C-D is a tone.
Semitone The smallest difference between two different notes eg C- C#
Notes that are of the same pitch but have different names e.g F# Enharmonic and Gb
Key signature An arrangement of sharps or flats, placed at the start of a piece of music to indicate which notes need to be played as black notes.
Ostinato A continually repeated phrase or rhythm.
Scales A series of notes which follow after one another.
Major scale Has 8 notes. Semitones appear between the 3rd and 4th and the 7th and 8th notes. C major is the only major scale played completely on white notes
Minor scale Has 8 notes. The arrangement of tones and semitones make it sound Egyptian. It sounds sad.
Chromatic scale Has 13 notes altogether. Every note has a semitone in- between. The player weaves between black and white notes. Chromatic means colourful.
Pentatonic scale Has only 5 notes. Sounds Asian. Can be played on black notes only.
Whole tone scale Has only 7 notes. There is a tone between each note. It begins and ends on the same letter name. POSITIONS – BLUE TEAM Year 8 PE - Netball How many players on 1 team? Where can they go? KEY TERMS Defence: Attack: Court – The area netball is played on. GK – 1 & 2 GS – 4 & 5 Goal Third – The 2 areas of the court GD – 1, 2 & 3 GA – 3, 4 & 5 including the shooting circle. WD – 2 & 3 WA – 3 & 4 Centre Third – The area in the middle C – 2, 3 & 4 including the centre circle. Which areas can the RED team go into? Umpire – The name of the person who officiates the match. Other areas of the court: back line, side line, centre circle, shooting semi-circle. Intercept / Interception – Gaining the A ne l t la s 4 x 15 mi qu r = 1 ho ball by getting in between a pass from the opposing team. Possession – Keeping the ball.
HOW TO WARM UP FOR NETBALL AND OTHER SPORTS SKILLS IN ISOLATION RULES AND REGULATIONS Passing – chest, shoulder, A good warm up must bounce. consist of 3 parts; Rules resulting in a FREE PASS (Involves 1 player): Handling – Ball control. 1 – Pulse raising activity Catching – 1 and 2 handed. e.g. jogging FOOTWORK – A player must not move their landing foot Footwork – landings, pivot. 2 – Stretches (dynamic Evasion – holding space, before passing the ball. and static) dodging. OFFSIDE – A player must stay in their playing area. See 3 – Skills practice e.g. Shooting – 1 or 2 handed. diagram above. passing Defending – stage 1 man to HELD BALL - The ball can only be held for 3 seconds by a man, stage 2 defend the pass. player. REPLAYING – A player must not bounce the ball to themselves when playing. Rules resulting in a PENALTY PASS (Involves 2 players): APPLICATION OF SKILLS CONTACT – A player must not touch another player whilst · Set plays e.g. centre pass, back lines on court. · Decision making OBSTRUCTION – Any player must stand 1 meter away · Demonstrate communication on court from the player with the ball. · Adapt to the environment Year 8 PE - Gymnastics PERFORMANCE KEY TERMS SKILLS IN ISOLATION Apparatus Sequence; A sequence is a series Pommel horse, rings, high bar, parallel of movements which flow together. Key Shapes Key Skills bars, vault, balance beam, asymmetric When composing a sequence it must Tuck Forward roll bars. have a clear start and end. Think of Straddle Backwards roll Floor routine this at the Capital letter to start a Pike Cartwheel Create a sequence combining and linking sentence and a full stop to end it. Dish Summersault key shapes and skills. Arch Headstand Any gymnastics routine should aim to Rhythmic routine Puck Handstand be aesthetically pleasing and display Ball, Clubs, Rope, Ribbon, Hoop Star Round off the following; Straight Walk over - Extension
- Body tension - Control - Clarity of shape - Resilience - Flow COMPONENTS OF FITNESS FOR GYMNASTICS
RULES AND REGULATIONS Balance Being able to keep your body stable when moving or
still. A gymnast must create her own routines at an appropriate Strength The amount of force generated by a muscle. skill level for his/ her degree of difficulty. No jewellery, body piercing or adornments of any kind are Body Composition How much your body is made up of muscle and fat? permitted A judge panel usually scores gymnastics competitions. Flexibility The range of movements you have around a joint. Gymnasts have two different scores, the D score (difficulty of the routine) and the E score (execution of the routine aka how neat and tidy it is!). Co-ordination The ability to use 1,2 or more parts of your body at the same time. All gymnasts begin with a 10.0 execution score which then has points removed for faults such as bent legs, arms and Power This combines strength and speed so muscles falls. contract very quickly.