DOCSLIB.ORG

Cardiac Cell Lineages That Form the Heart

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cardiac Cell Lineages That Form the Heart This is a free sample of content from The Biology of Heart Disease. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. Cardiac Cell Lineages that Form the Heart Sigole` ne M. Meilhac1, Fabienne Lescroart2,Ce´ dric Blanpain2,3, and Margaret E. Buckingham1 1Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS URA2578, 75015 Paris, France 2Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, IRIBHM, Brussels B-1070, Belgium 3WELBIO, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Myocardial cells ensure the contractility of the heart, which also depends on other meso- dermal cell types for its function. Embryological experiments had identified the sources of cardiac precursorcells. With the advent of genetic engineering, novel tools have been used to reconstruct the lineage tree of cardiac cells that contribute to different parts of the heart, map the development of cardiac regions, and characterize their genetic signature. Such knowl- edge is of fundamental importance for our understanding of cardiogenesis and also for the diagnosis and treatment of heart malformations. he sources of cells that form the different tracing experiments based on the engineered Tparts of the heart and their relationships to temporal and spatial expression of a reporter each other are of major fundamental interest gene in different cardiac progenitors and their for understanding cardiogenesis. They are also descendants, with the mouse as the principal of biomedical significance in the context of model system. congenital heart malformations and for future therapeutic approaches to cardiac malfunction SOURCES OF CARDIAC CELLS IN THE based on stem cell therapies. In this review we EARLY EMBRYO mainly focus on myocardial cell lineages, with reference to the origin of the inner endocardial At the epiblast stage of embryonic development and outer epicardial cell layers of the heart. All (about E6.5 in the mouse), the cardiac fate of these are derived from mesoderm. Neural crest individual cells labeled with horseradish perox- cells, which play an important role in the mat- idase was determined and different cardiac pro- uration of the arterial pole of the heart are of genitor cells were shown to be clonally related to neuroectodermal origin and under different paraxial mesoderm and extraembryonic meso- genetic regulation, not treated here. Wewill dis- derm, as well as neurectoderm and endoderm cuss the current view emerging from a combi- (Lawson and Pedersen 1987; Buckingham et al. nation of approaches: cell lineage analyses that 1997). These challenging experiments depend- define the derivatives of a single mesodermal ed on embryo culture and did not permit anal- progenitor cell, cell labeling of groups of pro- ysis of cell contributions to the compartments genitors that reflects cell movement, and genetic of the maturing heart, mainly because of dilu- Copyright # 2015 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved Cite this article as Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013888 1 © 2015 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. This is a free sample of content from The Biology of Heart Disease. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. S.M. Meilhac et al. tion of the marker. More recent retrospective ley et al. 2008). Although Mesp1 loss of function clonal analysis also indicated these early lineage did not lead to an absence of cardiomyocyte relationships (Tzouanacou et al. 2009). Grafting differentiation during embryonic development, of regions of the epiblast showed that progeni- possibly owing to redundancy with Mesp2 (Ki- tors for the endocardium and the pericardium tajima et al. 2000), Mesp1 plays a key role as an are located in the same region as those for the upstream regulator of myocardial cell fate, as myocardium (Tam et al. 1997). These experi- indicated by the major increase in cardiomyo- ments also showed that cells are not committed cyte differentiation following Mesp1 overexpres- to a cardiac fate at this stage, but will adopt the sion in ES cells (Bondue et al. 2008, 2011; David fate dictated by their location. This continues et al. 2008; Lindsleyet al. 2008). In the absence of to be the case during gastrulation, when cells that Mesp1 and Mesp2, no mesodermal cells leave will form the mesoderm ingress through the the primitive streak, demonstrating the essential primitive streak. Fate mapping has shown that role of Mesp1/2 in the delamination of cardiac cardiac progenitors ingress early, at the mid- mesoderm (Kitajima et al. 2000). streak stage, to become located in the anterior region of the primitive streak, which comprises newly forming mesoderm, in close proximity to MYOCARDIAL CELL LINEAGES: progenitors of cranial (head) mesoderm (Kin- REGIONALIZATION OF THE MYOCARDIUM der et al. 1999). Distinct progenitors of the en- Two Myocardial Cell Lineages that docardium or myocardium have been identified Segregate Early in the primitive streak by retroviral labeling in the chick embryo (Weiand Mikawa 2000), how- Retrospective clonal analysis in the mouse em- ever, the timing of segregation of these cell types bryo (see Buckingham and Meilhac 2011) indi- in the mouse remains controversial, as reviewed cated that two major lineages contribute to the in Harris and Black 2010. Mesp1 (Saga et al. myocardium of the heart. The first lineage con- 1999) is expressed in the nascent mesoderm in tributes left ventricular myocardium, whereas the primitive streak, including cardiac progen- the second lineage is the source of outflow tract itors, as well as in cells that will contribute to and most right ventricular myocardium, with the anterior paraxial mesoderm. Genetic trac- both lineages contributing to the atria and other ing with a Mesp1-Cre and Rosa26 conditional parts of the heart (Meilhac et al. 2004). The size reporter shows that almost all cardiac cells in of first or second lineage clones gives an indica- the heart are labeled, so that Mesp1 marks all tion of when segregation of the two lineages cardiac progenitors (Fig. 1A,C) (Saga et al. took place, leading to the conclusion that pro- 1999, 2000; Y Saga, unpubl.). genitors with these distinct contributions to the Once cardiac progenitors have progressed heart segregate early during embryonic devel- through the streak they delaminate and move opment, probably at the onset of gastrulation. anteriorly to take up a position on either side This genetic approach, which depends on a ran- of the midline under the head folds, at about dom recombination event that results in a func- E7.5 in the mouse embryo. It is at this stage tional reporter gene in cardiac progenitors and that the first differentiated myocardial cells are their progeny, does not involve any precon- detected in an epithelial crescent-shaped struc- ceived idea about the progenitor cell. In combi- ture, which will subsequently fuse at the midline nation with DiI labeling to identify the left/ to form the early heart tube. Mesp1 may play a right derivatives of the posterior heart field, ret- role in the delamination process, because it ac- rospective clonal analysis showed that right and tivates epithelio-mesenchymal transition (EMT) left progenitors diverge before first and second in the embryonic stem (ES) cell system, with heart lineages (Dominguez et al. 2012). For pre- genes like Snail, Twist1, Zeb1, and Zeb2 as down- cise information on the timing of segregation stream targets, that mediate the repression of and also on the location of first and second E-cadherinexpression(Bondueetal.2008;Linds- lineage progenitors, it will be necessary to de- 2 Cite this article as Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013888 © 2015 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. This is a free sample of content from The Biology of Heart Disease. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. Cardiac Cell Lineages that Form the Heart + A + LV B Nkx2.5 CMs Nkx2.5 + + RV Isl1 -low Isl1 -low + RA HCN4 Conductiveductive CMsC LA E6.5-E7.5 E7.75 + HCN4HCN4 LV + Brachyury + Nkx2.5Nkx2. CMsCMs + + Mesp1 Flk1+ ckitckit Mef2c-AHF-enhMef2c-AH + SMs OFT RV Tbx1Tbx1+ CMsCMs OFT CMs CMs Nkx2.5Nkx2. + + + Isl1Isl1 Nkx2.5Nkx2. SMs + SMsSMs SSMsMs Multipotentultipotent ? Isl1Isl1 Nkx2.55+ RA ECs MMesp1esp1+ ECsECs ECECss Isl1Isl1+ LA Tbx18Tbx18+ CMsCMs Wt1+ WWnt2nt2+ SMs Isl1+ PEO ECs In vivo PericytesPericyte Wnt2Wnt2 + PV Nkx2.5-Nkx2.5- Isl1-Isl1- Tbx18Tbx18 + LSCV RSCV C E6.5 E7.5 E14.5 AA PA SCV PV Myocardium HCN4 + Ao Nkx2.5 + RA LA Isl1– PS Nkx2.5 + + ICV Mesp1 Isl1 + Endocardium LV RV Nkx2.5– Isl1– Coronaries Valves Tbx18 + Epicardium Cardiac fibroblasts IVS Ventricular cardiac conduction system Figure 1. Genetic signature of cardiac precursor cells. (A) Genetic origin of cardiac components, summarizing results from genetic tracing at the population level. (B) In vitro differentiation potential of cardiac precursors, summarizing results from clonal differentiation assays of ES cells or precardiac mesoderm, after cell sorting. (C) Schematic representation of Mesp1-positive cells leaving the primitive streak (PS) (E6.5) contributing to the heart fields (E7.5) and to the tissues of the mature heart (E14.5), with color coding as in A and B. AA, aortic arch arteries; Ao, aorta; CMs, cardiomyocytes; ECs, endothelial or endocardial cells; ICV, inferior caval vein; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LSCV,left superior caval vein; LV,left ventricle; OFT, outflow tract; PA, pulmonary arteries; PEO, proepicardial organ; PV,pulmonary vein; RA; right atrium; RSCV,right superior caval vein; RV, right ventricle; SCV, superior caval vein; SMs, smooth muscle cells. velop inducible genetic tools for clonal analysis tracing with an HCN4-Cre shows labeling of the (see Buckingham and Meilhac 2011). embryonic left ventricle, mainly in the myocar- The cardiac crescent and early heart tube dial lineage (Fig. 1A) (Liang et al. 2013; Spater mainly contribute to the left ventricular myocar- et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • C.V. De Margaret Buckingham, Membre De L'académie Des Sciences
    Margaret Buckingham Élue Membre le 29 novembre 2005 dans la section Biologie intégrative Directeur de recherche au CNRS, Professeur à l'Institut Pasteur Œuvre scientifique Margaret Buckingham, de nationalités française et britannique, née en 1945, est diplômée (B.A., M.A., D. Phil.) de l’université d’Oxford. Depuis 1971, elle a mené sa carrière scientifique en France, d’abord dans le laboratoire de François Gros, puis à partir de 1987, en tant que chef de l’Unité de génétique moléculaire du développement, puis Professeur à l’Institut Pasteur où elle a été directrice du Département de biologie du développement. Elle est directeur de recherche au CNRS. Elle a présidé la section de Biologie du développement et de la reproduction au CNRS de 2001 à 2004 et la Société Française de Biologie du Développement de 2008 à 2011. Elle est actuellement membre du Comité Consultatif National d’Ethique (CCNE). Les recherches de Margaret Buckingham portent sur les mécanismes qui conduisent une cellule naïve à entrer dans un programme de différenciation tissulaire pendant le développement de l’organisme. Elle étudie les gènes qui régulent la formation et la régénération du muscle de squelette, ainsi que les populations cellulaires qui forment le cœur. Margaret Buckingham a effectué des études pionnières sur l’organisation des gènes du muscle et leurs différents modes d’expression pendant le développement. Parmi les gènes des facteurs de régulation myogénique, de la famille MyoD, l’expression de Myf5 précède la myogenèse chez l’embryon. En son absence, les cellules adoptent d’autres destins cellulaires, démontrant ainsi le rôle de Myf5 comme facteur de détermination myogénique.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Fellows of the Royal Society
    Female Fellows of the Royal Society Professor Jan Anderson FRS [1996] Professor Ruth Lynden-Bell FRS [2006] Professor Judith Armitage FRS [2013] Dr Mary Lyon FRS [1973] Professor Frances Ashcroft FMedSci FRS [1999] Professor Georgina Mace CBE FRS [2002] Professor Gillian Bates FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Trudy Mackay FRS [2006] Professor Jean Beggs CBE FRS [1998] Professor Enid MacRobbie FRS [1991] Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell DBE FRS [2003] Dr Philippa Marrack FMedSci FRS [1997] Dame Valerie Beral DBE FMedSci FRS [2006] Professor Dusa McDuff FRS [1994] Dr Mariann Bienz FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Angela McLean FRS [2009] Professor Elizabeth Blackburn AC FRS [1992] Professor Anne Mills FMedSci FRS [2013] Professor Andrea Brand FMedSci FRS [2010] Professor Brenda Milner CC FRS [1979] Professor Eleanor Burbidge FRS [1964] Dr Anne O'Garra FMedSci FRS [2008] Professor Eleanor Campbell FRS [2010] Dame Bridget Ogilvie AC DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Doreen Cantrell FMedSci FRS [2011] Baroness Onora O'Neill * CBE FBA FMedSci FRS [2007] Professor Lorna Casselton CBE FRS [1999] Dame Linda Partridge DBE FMedSci FRS [1996] Professor Deborah Charlesworth FRS [2005] Dr Barbara Pearse FRS [1988] Professor Jennifer Clack FRS [2009] Professor Fiona Powrie FRS [2011] Professor Nicola Clayton FRS [2010] Professor Susan Rees FRS [2002] Professor Suzanne Cory AC FRS [1992] Professor Daniela Rhodes FRS [2007] Dame Kay Davies DBE FMedSci FRS [2003] Professor Elizabeth Robertson FRS [2003] Professor Caroline Dean OBE FRS [2004] Dame Carol Robinson DBE FMedSci
    [Show full text]
  • EMBO Conference Takes to the Sea Life Sciences in Portugal
    SUMMER 2013 ISSUE 24 encounters page 3 page 7 Life sciences in Portugal The limits of privacy page 8 EMBO Conference takes to the sea EDITORIAL Maria Leptin, Director of EMBO, INTERVIEW EMBO Associate Member Tom SPOTLIGHT Read about how the EMBO discusses the San Francisco Declaration Cech shares his views on science in Europe and Courses & Workshops Programme funds on Research Assessment and some of the describes some recent productive collisions. meetings for life scientists in Europe. concerns about Journal Impact Factors. PAGE 2 PAGE 5 PAGE 9 www.embo.org COMMENTARY INSIDE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING panels have to evaluate more than a hundred The San Francisco Declaration on applicants to establish a short list for in-depth assessment, they cannot be expected to form their views by reading the original publications Research Assessment of all of the applicants. I believe that the quality of the journal in More than 7000 scientists and 250 science organizations have by now put which research is published can, in principle, their names to a joint statement called the San Francisco Declaration on be used for assessment because it reflects how the expert community who is most competent Research Assessment (DORA; am.ascb.org/dora). The declaration calls to judge it views the science. There has always on the world’s scientific community to avoid misusing the Journal Impact been a prestige factor associated with the publi- Factor in evaluating research for funding, hiring, promotion, or institutional cation of papers in certain journals even before the impact factor existed. This prestige is in many effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Margaret Buckingham, Discoveries in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Development, Elected to the National Academy of Science Michael a Rudnicki*
    Rudnicki Skeletal Muscle 2012, 2:12 http://www.skeletalmusclejournal.com/content/2/1/12 Skeletal Muscle COMMENT Open Access Margaret Buckingham, discoveries in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, elected to the National Academy of Science Michael A Rudnicki* Abstract Margaret Buckingham was presented as a newly elected member to the National Academy of Sciences on 28 April 2012. Over the course of her career, Dr Buckingham made many seminal contributions to the understanding of skeletal muscle and cardiac development. Her studies on cardiac progenitor populations has provided insight into understanding heart malformations, while her work on skeletal muscle progenitors has elucidated their embryonic origins and the transcriptional hierarchies controlling their developmental progression. Keywords: National Academy of Sciences, Cardiac development, Skeletal muscle development Commentary Her work on cardiac progenitor populations is of clinical Dr Margaret Buckingham, a much-respected investigator importance in understanding heart malformations. who has made many significant contributions to our Dr Buckingham has also made major contributions to understanding of skeletal muscle and cardiac develop- the molecular genetic analysis of skeletal muscle devel- ment, was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in opment. She was the first to analyze expression of the 2011 and presented on 28 April, 2012. Dr Buckingham is myogenic regulatory factors of the MyoD family during Professor in the Department of Developmental Biology at mouse embryogenesis [9] and the behavior of cells in the the Pasteur Institute in Paris. She has been awarded many absence of Myf5 [10]. prestigious distinctions including that of Officier de la Lé- Her more recent work demonstrated that skeletal gion d’Honneur and Officier de l'Ordre National du Mér- muscle growth depends on a somite-derived population of ite, to name but two.
    [Show full text]
  • PROGRAMME & Book of Abstracts
    PROGRAMME & book of abstracts “. MOVING FORWARD TOGETHER” www.EDBC2019Alicante.com ORGANISED BY CONTENTS SPONSORS & COLLABORATORS ORGANIZATION .......................................................................... 4 GENERAL INFORMATION ......................................................... 5 INSTRUCTIONS FOR SPEAKERS AND AUTHORS ................ 8 CONGRESS TIMETABLE ............................................................ 9 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME WEDNESDAY 23 .................................................................... 12 THURSDAY 24 ........................................................................ 13 FRIDAY 25 ............................................................................... 16 SATURDAY 26 ........................................................................ 19 POSTER SESSIONS ................................................................... 21 EXHIBITORS AND SPONSORS ................................................ 48 ABSTRACTS ................................................................................ 51 AUTHORS’ INDEX ...................................................................... 263 4 EDBC2019 EDBC2019 5 ORGANIZATION GENERAL INFORMATION ORGANIZING COMMITTEE INVITED SPEAKERS VENUE Ángela Nieto. Alicante Enrique Amaya. Manchester Auditorio de la Diputación de Alicante - ADDA Víctor Borrell. Alicante Detlev Arendt. Heidelberg Paseo Campoamor, s/n Sergio Casas-Tintó. Madrid Laure Bally Cuif. Paris 03010 Alicante, Spain Pilar Cubas. Madrid Fernando Casares. Sevilla www.addaalicante.es
    [Show full text]
  • Smutty Alchemy
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-18 Smutty Alchemy Smith, Mallory E. Land Smith, M. E. L. (2021). Smutty Alchemy (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113019 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Smutty Alchemy by Mallory E. Land Smith A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Mallory E. Land Smith 2021 MELS ii Abstract Sina Queyras, in the essay “Lyric Conceptualism: A Manifesto in Progress,” describes the Lyric Conceptualist as a poet capable of recognizing the effects of disparate movements and employing a variety of lyric, conceptual, and language poetry techniques to continue to innovate in poetry without dismissing the work of other schools of poetic thought. Queyras sees the lyric conceptualist as an artistic curator who collects, modifies, selects, synthesizes, and adapts, to create verse that is both conceptual and accessible, using relevant materials and techniques from the past and present. This dissertation responds to Queyras’s idea with a collection of original poems in the lyric conceptualist mode, supported by a critical exegesis of that work.
    [Show full text]
  • Muscle Coding Sequences and Their Regulation During Myogenesis : Cloning of Muscle Actin Cdna Probes A
    Muscle coding sequences and their regulation during myogenesis : cloning of muscle actin cDNA probes A. Minty, M. Caravatti, B. Robert, Arlette Cohen, P. Daubas, A. Weydert, F. Gros, Margaret Buckingham To cite this version: A. Minty, M. Caravatti, B. Robert, Arlette Cohen, P. Daubas, et al.. Muscle coding sequences and their regulation during myogenesis : cloning of muscle actin cDNA probes. Reproduction Nutrition Développement, 1981, 21 (2), pp.247-255. hal-00897814 HAL Id: hal-00897814 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00897814 Submitted on 1 Jan 1981 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Muscle coding sequences and their regulation during myogenesis : cloning of muscle actin cDNA probes A. MINTY M. CARAVATTI, B. ROBERT, Arlette COHEN P. DAUBAS A. WEY- DERT F. GROS Margaret BUCKINGHAM Département de Biologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur 25, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex. Summary. For a number of years our group has been mainly interested in the regulation of muscle gene expression during myogenesis. Using primary cultures and cell lines we have tried to find out whether the coding sequences for muscle proteins are already present in an unexpressed form or if there is a transcriptional switch at the onset of differentiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory 2016/17 the Royal Society of Edinburgh
    cover_cover2013 19/04/2016 16:52 Page 1 The Royal Society of Edinburgh T h e R o Directory 2016/17 y a l S o c i e t y o f E d i n b u r g h D i r e c t o r y 2 0 1 6 / 1 7 Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Limited, Dorchester, DT1 1HD ISSN 1476-4334 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH DIRECTORY 2016/2017 PUBLISHED BY THE RSE SCOTLAND FOUNDATION ISSN 1476-4334 The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street Edinburgh EH2 2PQ Telephone : 0131 240 5000 Fax : 0131 240 5024 email: [email protected] web: www.royalsoced.org.uk Scottish Charity No. SC 000470 Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Limited CONTENTS THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH .....................................................3 COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY ..............................................................5 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ..................................................................6 THE RSE SCOTLAND FOUNDATION ..................................................7 THE RSE SCOTLAND SCIO ................................................................8 RSE STAFF ........................................................................................9 LAWS OF THE SOCIETY (revised October 2014) ..............................13 STANDING COMMITTEES OF COUNCIL ..........................................27 SECTIONAL COMMITTEES AND THE ELECTORAL PROCESS ............37 DEATHS REPORTED 26 March 2014 - 06 April 2016 .....................................................43 FELLOWS ELECTED March 2015 ...................................................................................45
    [Show full text]
  • Muscle Satellite Cells Are Primed for Myogenesis but Maintain Quiescence with Sequestration of Myf5 Mrna Targeted by Microrna-31 in Mrnp Granules
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Cell Stem Cell Short Article Muscle Satellite Cells Are Primed for Myogenesis but Maintain Quiescence with Sequestration of Myf5 mRNA Targeted by microRNA-31 in mRNP Granules Colin G. Crist,1,2 Didier Montarras,1 and Margaret Buckingham1,* 1CNRS URA 2578, Department of Developmental Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France 2Present address: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2012.03.011 SUMMARY Pax3 in many muscles (Relaix et al., 2006); however, unlike their embryonic counterparts, more than 95% have already activated Regeneration of adult tissues depends on stem cells the Myf5 gene in the course of their history (Kuang et al., 2007), that are primed to enter a differentiation program, indicating that they had entered the myogenic program. Further- while remaining quiescent. How these two character- more, the majority of quiescent satellite cells maintain Myf5 tran- istics can be reconciled is exemplified by skeletal scription (Beauchamp et al., 2000; Pallafacchina et al., 2010). muscle in which the majority of quiescent satellite Here, we examine the posttranscriptional mechanisms that cells transcribe the myogenic determination gene function to repress the translation of Myf5 mRNA, thereby holding quiescent satellite cells poised to enter the myogenic Myf5, without activating the myogenic program. We program. show that Myf5 mRNA, together with microRNA-31, which regulates its translation, is sequestered in RESULTS mRNP granules present in the quiescent satellite cell.
    [Show full text]
  • IX Meeting of the Spanish Society for Developmental Biology November 12-14, 2012 Granada
    IX Meeting of the Spanish Society for Developmental Biology November 12-14, 2012 Granada Abstract Book Index 01- Programme .................................................................................................................................................. 0 8 02- Principal Lectures .................................................................................................................................... 13 1 -Opening lecture Eric Olson .................................................................................................................................... 14 03- Invited Speakers ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Session 1 – Developmental Genomics................................................................................................. 16 1- Jose Luis Gómez Skarmeta (CABD, Sevilla) ......................................................................................................... 17 Session 2 – Tissue Patterning and Differentiation ......................................................................... 18 1- Anton Moorman (AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands) ................................................................................................ 19 2 - Mar Ruiz (CBMSO, Madrid) ................................................................................................................................... 20 Session 3 – Cell Adhesion and Migration ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Analyses Based on Genetic Screens
    Lagha et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:696 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/696 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Transcriptome analyses based on genetic screens for Pax3 myogenic targets in the mouse embryo Mounia Lagha6†, Takahiko Sato6†, Béatrice Regnault1, Ana Cumano2, Aimée Zuniga3, Jonathan Licht4, Frédéric Relaix5, Margaret Buckingham6* Abstract Background: Pax3 is a key upstream regulator of the onset of myogenesis, controlling progenitor cell survival and behaviour as well as entry into the myogenic programme. It functions in the dermomyotome of the somite from which skeletal muscle derives and in progenitor cell populations that migrate from the somite such as those of the limbs. Few Pax3 target genes have been identified. Identifying genes that lie genetically downstream of Pax3 is therefore an important endeavour in elucidating the myogenic gene regulatory network. Results: We have undertaken a screen in the mouse embryo which employs a Pax3GFP allele that permits isolation of Pax3 expressing cells by flow cytometry and a Pax3PAX3-FKHR allele that encodes PAX3-FKHR in which the DNA binding domain of Pax3 is fused to the strong transcriptional activation domain of FKHR. This constitutes a gain of function allele that rescues the Pax3 mutant phenotype. Microarray comparisons were carried out between Pax3GFP/ + and Pax3GFP/PAX3-FKHR preparations from the hypaxial dermomyotome of somites at E9.5 and forelimb buds at E10.5. A further transcriptome comparison between Pax3-GFP positive and negative cells identified sequences specific to myogenic progenitors in the forelimb buds. Potential Pax3 targets, based on changes in transcript levels on the gain of function genetic background, were validated by analysis on loss or partial loss of function Pax3 mutant backgrounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Activities Report and Accounts for the Period 1
    ANNUAL ACTIVITIES REPORT AND ACCOUNTS FOR THE PERIOD 1 April - 31 December 2012 ‘The Academy of Europe’ Registered office 21, Albemarle Street, London. W1S 4HS, United Kingdom Tele: +44 (0) 20 7495 3717 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7629 5442 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.acadeuro.org Company limited by Guarantee and registered at Companies House. Registration number 7028223 Registered with the Charity Commission, registration number 1133902 1 THE TRUSTEES, AND COUNCIL OF THE ACADEMIA EUROPAEA Board of TRUSTEES (at 31 December 2012) President: Professor Lars Walløe Oslo (till 2014) Vice President: Professor Sierd Cloetingh Amsterdam (till 2014) Vice President: Professor Anne Buttimer Dublin (till 2015) Hon. Treasurer: (from January 2010) Professor Sir Roger Elliott Oxford (till 2015) Foreign Secretary Professor Jerzy Langer Warsaw (co-opted) Members Professor Michel Che Paris (till 2013) Professor Peter Emmer Leiden (till 2013) Professor Cinzia Ferrini Trieste (till 2013) Professor Andreu Mas Colell Barcelona (co-opted) till 2015 Professor Theo D’haen Leuven (co-opted) till 2015 Professor Ole Petersen Cardiff (co-opted) till 2015 Professor Hermann Maurer Graz (co-opted Jan 1 2013) Advisory Council Members (independent elected members only): Professor Susan Bassnett Warwick (till 2013) Professor Cinzia Ferrini Trieste (till 2013) Professor Balazs Gyulas Stockholm (till 2013 – eligible for re-appointment) At the time of writing this report, the number of independent, elected members to Council was set at a maximum of 3. The Chairs of the Academic Sections are all de facto members of the Advisory Council. Periods of office of Section chairs are set out in the regulations. The list of Section chairs, as at 31 December 2012, is at annex 1a of this report.
    [Show full text]