gwflw u w fl w n

P , ILLIP S LEE , LDS B R U, , , v e n O O O , o r o r RA M RO BERT P . , , A S ec eta o S tate , r ry f

ANNAPO L S

, IST OR, OF , E. ANC IENT

C IT , AND IT S PUBLIC

BUILDIN, S

P U BLIS , ED AN D DIST RIBU T ED B, ORDER O F T , E , OVERN OR

S WAL miled b , O N . C o p y O D IL, , MAN TU

s -flmw mw fl fi g

ANNAP OL I S .

, is to ry o f , e Ancient

AN D IT S

P ublic Buildin s g.

T h e famous Toleration Act , known as

n the Act concerni g Religion , passed by the General Assembly of the Province of ’ 1 649 “ Maryland at Saint Mary s in , the

’ proudest memorial. of Maryland s Colon h ” ial istory , attracted to the shores of the Severn river its earliest white set tl rs h e . It was in t is y r that ten fami

of an mn lies Puritans from s e o d coun t y , Virginia , headed by Richard Bennett

and Edward Lloyd , having been pre sented by the Sheriff of that coun ty for

s ectu aries seditions , for not repairing to their church and for refusing to hear

common prayer , sought religious tolera tion in Maryland . They sailed up the Chesapeake Bay and established them selves ou the peninsula where Ann apolis

now stands . They called their settle

ment Providence , and , in the following

F i v e 1 650 year , , sent delegates to the Assem

’ r bly at St . Ma y s , which passed an Act “ erecting Providence into a county by

An n the name of Arundel , in honor of

Lady Baltimore , the wife of Cecilius

Calvert , with E dward Lloyd as com

f r mwl o C o e mander . The success the lian rebellion in England , about this

time , caused the Maryland Puritans to

mr e yield obedience to Cro well , and

r no u nce allegiance to Lord Baltimo e . The struggles between Puritan and Cav

alier , then being waged in England , was now to have its counterpart in Mary

in land , culminating the

BATTLE OF THE SEVERN .

25th 1 6 55 On Sunday , March , , Lord

’ Baltimore s Governor , William Stone , 5 with an army of 1 0 men from St .

’ Mary s , was defeated and captured by

the Puritans , under the command of

Captain William Fuller at Horn Point , now E astport , just below Annapolis . Several of Stone ’ s officers were executed and for a time the Puritans were in con

trol of the Colony . Three years later ,

however , Lord Baltimore regained con trol of the Government of the Province , and the Puritans quietly acknowledged

his authority . ANNAPOLIS IN EARLY COLONIAL

DAYS . In 1 694 the capital was removed from

’ St . Mary s to Ann Arundel Town , which 1 69 5 7 by Act of , Chapter , was given the

name of Annapolis . A few years after

Annapolis became the Capital , a writer “ : describing this town , says Colonel Nicholson has done his endeavors to

n , make a tow of that place . There are e about forty dwelling houses in it , s ven or eight of which can aff ord a good l odg ing and accommodations for strangers .

There are also a State House , and a free

school , built of brick , which makes a great show among a parcel of wooden

houses , and the foundation of a church is laid the only brick church in Mary

land . This church stood upon the site f ’ o the present Saint Anne s Church . The free school was King Williams ’ i school , built dur ng the reign of William 1 1 70 . and Mary , and completed in , St John ’ s College was the outgrowth of I 1 08 . n 7 this school , , Annapolis was

a a granted ch rter as a City , by Queen

e Anne , on her accession to the thron of

England , and for whom the town had previously been named when she was

Princess Anne . Between this period and the revolu tion Annapolis became the centre of refined and attractive society , noted for its gaiety and intelligence , “ which gained for it the titl e of The ” Athens of America . ANNAP OL IS DURING THE

RE VOLUTION .

William Eddis , a noted Maryland

du rl n Tory gthe Revolution , in a letter

to Governor Robert Eden , then in Eng

23 rd land , written from New York July ,

1 777 v , gi es an interesting description of

the defences of Annapolis at that date . l Eddis says , The temper of the eading men in Maryland still continues to be guided by a spirit of rancour and vio lence ; they appear confident of succeed ing in their favorite scheme of Inde

en den ce p , but if conclusions may be

drawn from favorable appearances , the majority of the people are disgusted with the conduct of their Rulers and ardently wish for a restoration of legal

government . “ Annapolis has assumed a very diff er

en t appearance since your Excellency

left it . They have formed a battery

’ D l n from Mr . Walter u a y s lot round the water ’ s edge to the Granary adjoining

your Garden ; the cannon are mostly 1 8 d poun ers , the works appear strong , and

I am told are so . From your wharf to

the hill where Callih orn e lived they have thrown up a covered way to communi cate with that part of the town adjacent

f rtifi to the dock . They have another o

’ cation on Hill s Point and a third on Mr .

’ Kerr s land , on the North side of the

’ ff s Severn , on a high cli called Beaumont

n Poi t . Three companies of artillery are

stationed at the respective forts , and in

spite of experience , they talk confidently of making vigorous resistance in case of ” an attack . Governor Eden ’ s house stood in the

present grounds of the U . S . Naval

Academy , a little above where the new

Armory building stands .

N i r THE STATE HOUSE .

T h e present State House is the third

one that has stood upon the same site . The foundation of the first State House

A ril 30 1 69 6 was laid p , , shortly after the

’ l i L f r m remova of the C ap t a o St . Mary s 69 . 7 to Annapolis In June , 1 , as is shown h 6 the t by C apter , of Ac s of that year, this building was so well advanced as to

. f be set apart for public use . The o ficers

in charge were Francis Nicholson , Gov

ern or . ; Hon Sir Thomas Lawrence , bar h l a . C es e onet , Secret ry ; Hon Kenelm

dyne , Commissary General . Struck by

1 69 9 en tirel v lightning in , and consumed

bv fire 1 704 in , the first State House had

n but a brief existe ce . This gave Gover “ nor Seymour occasion to say , I never saw a public building left entirely to ” in Providence but Maryland . The sec 1 06 ond State House was finished in 7 . It

was an oblong square , entered by a hall ,

u a c pola surmounting it . It was used

- for sixty six years , when replaced by the 1 2 present one in 77 . On the north side

an of it stood Armory , which was also

A r in . rmv the ball room This o appears

T e n the small halftone picture of the present

State House , here reproduced , from the

’ frontispiece of Ridgely s Annals of A n 1 840 napolis , , as it appeared in the year 1 789 .

An David Ridgely , in his Annals of e 1 841 napolis , publish d in , in his de “ : scription of the State House , says The hill on which stands this noble edifice is enclosed by a neat and substantial gran

ite wall , surmounted by a handsome iron

railing , which is entered by three gates , one situated at the head of Francis

street and in front of the building , the second to the southwest and the third to ” the n ortheast of the circle . These gates were se curely locked at night and a cou ple of fierce watch dogs were turned

loose inside . 1 76 9 In , the General Assembly appro p riat ed the sum of pounds sterling to be applied to the building of the third d and present State House , and appointe the following B u ilding Committee : Dan

oh ns on h iel Dulany , Thomas J , Jo n Hall , i William Paca , Charles Carroll , barr ster ,

Lancelot Jacques and Charles Wallace .

E l e v e n T we l v e The foundation st one of this edifice was 28th 1 772 laid on the day of March , , by

the last colonial Governor , Robert E den . i On his strik ng the stone with a mallet ,

as was the custom , tradition informs us there was a severe clap of thunder from

a clear sky . It was thought to have been

an omen of the impending Revolution .

This omen was realized , for two years

later , when this building was ready for

occupancy , it was a revolutionary body

that first assembled within its walls . They styled themselves the “ Association

- of Freemen . Ninety one deputies from

t h e all counties , upon the calling of the

3 1 s t 1 774 roll , on May , , answered to

their names and organized a Convention ,

with Matthew Tilghman , of Talbot coun ty The Patriarch of the Colony

presiding . It was a most distinguished body of the colonial gentry of all Mary

land , who evinced their patriotism by passing a series of resolutions denying the right of the British Parliament to tax their American colonies without rep res en t ation , demanding the repeal of the

t ofierin du y laid on tea , and gassistance

T h i r t e é F o u r t e e n f to the then blockaded port o Boston . They addressed a letter to the Virginia Committee of Correspondence proposing a Congress of delegates from all the 1 3 colonies . This Congress met in Phila 5th 1 74 delphia on September , 7 , at Car

’ en ter s p Hall , and Maryland was the first of the colonies to elect delegates to it . The Continental Congress met again

1 0th 1 775 n 1 5th on May , , and on Ju e , 1 775 , Colonel George Washington , of

Virginia , was nominated by a Maryland

r mmn C o a J . deputy , Thomas Johnson , ,

-in - der Chief of the Continental Forces . A copy of the res olutions promulgated by the Association of Freemen of Mary

u land , with the autograph signat res of

d th eret o h an s the signers appen ed , gupon the wall of the Old Senate Chamber .

THE DOME OF THE STATE HOUmSE . The interior work anship on the dome 1 93 was not completed until 7 . Thomas

th e Dance , who executed fresco and stucco work on the interior of the dome , fell from the scaffold just as he had fin i h s ed the centre piece and was killed . This old building is greatly admired for

, its architectural proportions , its com manding site and lofty dome , but its chief attractions are its historic associa

tions , both local and national . Here , on

23 rd 1 783 December , , General Washing

ml n c ms d o s m ton surren ered his as Com mander-in -Oh ief of the American Armies to the Continental Congress then in ses sion in the old Senate Chamber , and like the Roman General Cincinnatus , retired to the peaceful pursuits of agriculture , but only to be recalled as the first Presi , f h m t . dent o e Republic In this cha ber , 1 784 in , the treaty of peace with Great Britain was ratified and signed and seal

ed in the presence of Congress . Here

S e v e n t e e n E i gh t e e n

HISTORIC OLD SENATE CHAMBER

MUT ILATED IN 1 878 — RE

1 89 6 STORED IN .

Maryland and Massachusetts are the only ones of the 1 3 original States which can still boast ofmtheir original colonial to capitols ; but fro time time , to sup

a ply the public needs , dditions have been made to both these historic build

ings , which are entirely out of harmony 1 878 with the originals . In , the Legis l atu re of Maryland attempted to mod

ern ize the whole interior of this ancient

State House , the old Senate Chamber , hallowed by so many sacred memories

and historic associations , was mutilated

v beyond recognition , the attracti e gal lery and lobmby beneath it were torn out , the big chi ney with its immense fire

l ace p was taken out , the niche behind the chair of the President of the Senate

was concealed behind heavy curtains ,

the recess seats in the windows removed ,

mall s and the window sashes , with panes

T we n t y of glass , were replaced by sashes with

des ecra big panes like shop windows , a tion that was beyond explanation . During the administration of Gover

Warfield 1 9 06 nor E dwin in , a commis sion appointed by him for the purpose , restored this old Senate Chamber to its original appearance in the minutest de it tail , so that has become ever since a mecca for patriotic societies and pious pilgrims , who reverence this spot mmade imr sacred by its association with the o

tal Washington .

w -O n e T e n t y THE OLD TREASURY BUILDING .

Wit hin the circle enclosing the State House stands a quaint old colonial one story -brick building of modest propor

n tio s , which invariably attracts the at

tention of the visitor . It is venerable as

well as memorable , and is supposed to be

the oldest building in Annapolis . The ancient tulip poplar tree standing on the

’ campus of St . John s College is the only

living witness of its building , more than

two centuries ago . It is built in the shape c of a Greek cross . The massive lo k and key and the heavy handmade iron h inges on the original entrance door are objects

of especial interest to all visitors . It was originally designed for the accommoda tion of the provincial Governor and his Council as a Council Chamber for the Upper House of the Provincial Legisla

ture ; the Lower House , or House of Bur

gesses , at that time , holding their meet

ings in the State House . It was at one l time used as the Provincia Court Room .

a It was lso the Colonial Treasury , and

wn - T e t y T wo for many years the office of the State ffi Treasurer . It is now the o ce of the State Superintendent of Public Educa

tion .

ANNAPOLIS BUILT T , E FIRST

IN 7 THEATRE AMERICA . ,

Dunlop , in his history of the Ameri “ : can Theatre , says Annapolis has the honor of having erected the first theatre , the first temple to the dramatic Muse .

u Of this fact there can be no do bt , for as early as 1 752 a theatre was built here in which were performed some of Shake

’ speare best plays .

w - h e T e n t y T r e DE KAL B MONUMENT .

There stands upon Capitol Hill on the southeast side of the h is t oric old

State House in the ancient city of A n

napolis , a beautiful bronze statue , of

heroic size , of a Brigadier in the armies of France and a Maj or General in the

American Army of the Revolution , the

Baron dc Kalb who fell mortally wound

in ed the Battle of Camden , South Caro 1 6th 1 780 lina , on the of August , , while leading the remnant of the Maryland line and a few Delaware troops against a superior force commanded by Lord

Cornwallis . The General is shown as

stepping forward , leading a charge on

foot , with his sword waved aloft , while the h ead is turned in the direction of the d confuse Continentals , in the act of an

impassioned call to rally to his support . The moment chosen is a historically

c great one , and the s ulptor has rendered

it well . The statute is the work of

Ephraim Keyser , a young Maryland art

ist , and was erected by the United States

Government , in accordance with a reso

l u tion n 1 780 of Co gress passed in , a few

w - T e n t y F o u r ’ 1 6 days after de Kalb s death , August 1 886 , one hundred and five years later

this statute was unveiled .

BURNING OF THE BRIG PE GGY

STEWART . The throwin g overboard of a lomt of tea in Boston harbor by a band of asked men has been heralded in every History of the United States as one of tmhe most heroic acts that led up to the A erican

in s ign ifi Revolution , but it fades into cance when compared with the burning 1 9 1 4 a . 77 g , of the Peg y Stew rt on Oct , in

the harbor of Annapolis , the first overt act of the Maryland Colonists against

the King . This vessel had arrived in Annapolis a few days prior to this event

from London , having on board an assort

ed cargo of merchandise , among which

were se venteen packages of tea , some

thing over a ton in weight , the odious duty upon which had been paid by her

Mr owner , . Stewart . A band of liberty loving patriots from the western section

of Anne Arundel county , later known as

the Hills of Howard , headed by Dr .

W arfiel d Charles Alexander , hearing of

we n - e T t y F i v the arrival of this Brig , with tea on

board , rode on horseback to Annapolis with the avowed purpose of burning this

in vessel and cargo . These brave men ,

of stead wearing masks , each wore a printed label on his hat band bearing the “ motto , Liberty and Independence or ” Death in Pursuit of it . Major War

field r at the head of his troopers , in b oad

daylight , waited on Mr . Anthony Stew “ art and addressing him said , We have come to off er you the choice of two pro

positions , you must either go with us and

fire your own vessel , or hang by the hal

ter at your own door . Stewart was at

first bold and defiant . By way of intimi

be dation a gallows was erected , when ,

lieving they were about to carrv their

threats into execution , Stewart took a burning chunk of wood from his open fire place in his house and with his own h and set fire to his ship and watched

its total destruction , together with its

entire cargo . Exactly seven years there

after, to a day , American Independence was ass u red by the surrender of the

a rmy of Cornwallis at Yorktown .

we - T n t y S i x

f der the lag of Maryland , borne by Will “ - iam Nugent , Standard bearer of the

” ’ Province , while Fuller s party display

ed the Flag of the Commonwealth ,

charged with the crosses of St . George

. w and St Andre . It is also said that a

Maryland flag was carried bv the Mary landers who accompanied Braddock ’ s

expedition against Fort Du Q u es n e 1 55 7 . ,Pittsburgh ,, in

T h e Maryland Flag , like the great

seal , was evidently designed and adopt l ed by Ceci ius . Lord Baltimore , and

sent out by him with the Colony , as it was unfurled and officially used a few days after taking formal possession of

the Province , when Governor Calvert , to

more forcibly impress the natives , order ed the “ Colors to be brought on shore ”

and a military parade . While there does not seem to be any distinct record of the

design of the colonial flag of Maryland , it is believed to have been the same as

the one now in use . Maryland is also

as unique in her State flag as she is in

her Great Seal , in that it , too , is strictly h l d of era dic esign , and is an exact repro

w - T e n t y E i gh t duction of the shield or escutcheon upon the reverse of the Great Seal of the Pro

vince . Apart from its historic interest ,

the Maryland Flag , as may be seen from

the accompanying illustration , possesses

marked symmetry and beauty . The parallel and diagonal lines of th e Cal vert quarterings being in singular har mn o v with the crosses and transposed colors of those of the Crossland arms .

n The combi ation , too , of the colors of the former gold and black — while in brilliant contrast with those of the latter quarterings silver and red are both f l e fective and p easing . Silver being a

l s u b s ti white meta . the white color is tu ted for silver in Maryland flags made

of bunting or silk , and is so provided for 1 4 4 9 0 8 . in the Act of , Chapter When painted on panels or printed in colors ,

however , the rich heraldic colors , gold i and black , s lver and gules ,blood red ,,

should be adhered to . This flag appear ed for the first time printed in the four purely heraldic colors in the Maryland 1 906 T ilgh Manual of , edited by Oswald

man , Secretary of State .

- T we n t y N i n e THE GREAT SEAL OF MARYLAND . The Great Seal and Flag of Maryland

n m n are so i ti ately connected the o e with the other that their history is in s ep ar

fia able . The gof the State bears the escutcheon of the Great Seal — the Cal

vert and Crossland arms quartered .

Maryland is unique in her Great Seal , and presents a marked contrast with those of the other States of the Ameri

in can Union , that it consists of Ar

morial bearings of a s t rictlv heraldic “ character , while the others bear em l m b e s indicative of agricultureand com

merce , plenty and prosperity , or kindred subjects represented in a more or less

pictorial or allegorical manner . The first Great Seal brought over by

v 1 643 Go ernor Leonard Calvert , in , was Treacherously and violently takmen acc o away by Richard Ingle , or his li D 1 44 ces . 6 p , in or about February A . , , and hath ever since been so disposed of ” 1 648 it cannot be recovered . In , Bal

timore sent to the Province , through l Governor Wi liam Stone , a second Great

Seal cut in silver . The escutcheon bore

T h i r t y the Calvert and Crossland arms quar

er t ed . The first and fourth quarters “ consisted of six pales or vertical bars , alternately gold and black with a bend — dexter counter charged that is , a diagonal stripe on which colors are re — m versed being the Calvert ar s ; the second and third quarters consisted of a quartered field of red and silver ch arged

- with a Greek , or equal limbed cross , classified as “ Bottony ” its arms ter min atin l n gtrefoils and also counter

, re charged , that is , with the colorings

versed , red being on the silver ground and silver on the red the latter { q uar m l t erin s gbeing fro the Cross and , Balti more ’ s maternal arms — Alicia Cross land having been the mother of the first

Baron of Baltimore , George Calvert .

These quarterings were surmounted bv

’ - an earl s coronet and full faced helmet , which indicated his rank in America as that of a Count Palatine his rank in

England bein g that of a Baron only a distinction which no other American

Colonial charter conferred . On the hel met rested the Calvert crest , a ducal

crown , with two half bannerets , one gold

and one black . The escutcheon was

supported on one side by the figure of a

fis h farmer , and the other by that of a erman symbols of each his two estates ,

Maryland and Avalon . Below them was a scroll bearing the Calvert motto

, ” min — mch ii Fe e Fatti as Parole man

re lv deeds , womanly words , or mo strict B l . e y , deeds are males , words , females hind the escutcheons and coronets was

- engraved an ermined lined mantle , and

surrounding all , on a border encircling “ : S cu t o a the seal , was the legend Bon e ” — Volu n t atis tuae Coronasti Nos with favor wilt thou compass us as with a

shield . The heraldic terms used in de

scribing the colors in the Calvert arms

r bl are O and S a e, meaning gold and

black ; Or has been so frequently misin

t erp ret ed as an abbreviation of Orange

that orange and black have been erron e ou s ly adopted as the colonial colors of

Maryland by the leadin g institutions of

learning in the State . This error has , furthermore , been perpetuated by the

State itself , for the two circular car

toons , depicting in colors both sides of

the Great Seal , which have hung on the walls of the State House for the past

-five thirty years , and which Governor John Lee Carroll in his message to the 7 1 880 Legislature of January , , states , are the work of Robert Goodloe Harper

Pennington , although artistically exe cu t ed , has the Calvert colors on the

escutcheon or shield , orange and black ,

instead of gold and black , and the Cross

land colors red white , instead

and silver . THE OBVERSE OF THE GREAT

SEAL .

As displayed in the other circular car

toon , represents Baron Baltimore as a l Knight in fu l armor , with drawn sword

and helmet decorated with feathers . He is mounted on a richly caparisoned charger in full gallop adorned with his , , w paternal coat of arms , below hich are

engraved a strip of seashore , grass and

flowers ; aro u nd the whole is an in s crip “ Cc tion containing his name and titles ,

ciliu s Ab s ol u tu s Dominus Terrae Mariae ” et A v al n i B l m o ae a t r Baro de e o e.

The Great Seal of the State , or Nation ,

an d stands as her symbol of honor , the

signet by wh ich her official acts are au

th en tic at ed and accredited . In colonial Maryland to every deed grantin g lands

by the Proprietary , who held the fee

therein , to the colonist settlers , was sus

a pended by piece of linen tape , a large

th e wax seal , with impression of both the obverse and the reverse of the Great Seal h thereon . Upon t e accession of William

- T h i r t y F o u r

THE LAND OFFICE BUILDING .

1 858 In , in order to relieve the crowd

of ed condition the State House , and to provide a safe place for the archives of

- the State , a large two story brick build ing was erected at the foot of the State House circle directly opposite the west end of Maryland avenue for the Com fi missioner of the Land Of ce , who is the

custodian of the land records , the chan

cery and will records and other archives . In addition to the valuable papers pre

in f served the Land O fice , there are many maps and relics of colonial times

of more than ordinary interest . This 1 6 building was torn down in 90 .

THE COURT OF APPEALS

BUILDING .

This handsome fire proof bu ilding m 1 9 06 co pleted in , stands on the west

side of the Capitol . The rooms on the first floor are occupied by the offices of a the Land Commissioner , the State Tre s

u rer , the State Tax Commissioner and the Commander of the State Fishery

Force . The rooms on the second floor

- T h i r t y S i x by the Court of. Appeals and the State

Library . Over the landing of the mas sive marble stairway in this building is a

s t ain ed glas s - handsome window , by Tif

fany Co . of New York , depicting both the obverse and reverse of the Great Seal of Maryland under the proprietary gov

rn mn t th e e e of Lords Baltimore .

EXE C T IVE THE U MANSION .

The handsome home of. the Go vernors

n u of Maryla d , with its ample gro nds , is

a credit to the State . The State having

sold to the United States Government , 1 866 in , the old Executive Mansion that stood within the present Naval Acad

emy grounds , built this mansion during the administration of Governor Thomas

Swann . It has cost the State about C{6250 000

THE TANEY STATUE . Immediately in front of the entrance to the State House stands the bronze statue of Roger Brooke Taney ,March 1 7 1 777 — 1 2 , October , Chief Justice of the United States from 1 836 1 864 to . This is the work of William

- T h i r t y S e v e n Henry Rinehart , a Maryland sculptor , 1 7 1 874 and was unveiled on March , , the

’ n anniversary of T a ey s birth . Of this

T eackle work Severn Wallis , in his mag “ n ificen t : address , said The artist has

chosen to present us his - illustrious sub

ect f j in his robes of o fice , as we saw him

whe n he sat in judgment . The statue is

heroic , but with that exception the traits

of nature are not altered or disguised . The weight of years that bent that ven

rabl e e form has not been lightened , and

the lines of care , and suffering , and

thought , are as life traced them . The figure has been treated by the artist in the spirit of that noble and absolute sim

plicity which is the type of the highest

order of greatness , and is , therefore , its h f grandest , thoug its most di ficult , ex

’ pression in art .

OLD COLONIAL CANNON . On the northeast front of the old State

House , mounted on a granite pedestal , is

an old colonial iron cannon , being one of five guns which furnish ed the armament

an of the Ark d the Dove , the two pin naces which brought over from England

T h i r t y -E i gh t the first Maryland pilgrims who landed

’

25 h . 1 4 at old Saint Mary s March t 63 . When the colonial capitol was removed r ’ 1 694 from St . Ma y s to Annapolis , in , these cannons were left to protect the

fort there . The site of this fort was on ff a steep blu , which , long prior to the

American revolution , by the erosions of time , had gradually crumbled and wash

ed away , leaving these old cannons , that

’ had toppled into the St . Mary s river , partially covered with sand and barna cles to be corroded by the salt water . It is a most interesting relic of the Mary

land pilgrims . HISTORICAL PAINTINGS IN

STATE HOUSE . The most striking of these historical paintings hangs over the landing of the

stairway in th e annex to the Capitol . It represents General Washington resign ing his military commission as Com man der-in -Chief of the American Ar

mies , to the Continental Congress , then in session in the old Senate Chamber , on 23 1 783 December . . It was painted by

Edwin White , of New York , and was

- T h i r t y N i n e 1 859 finished in . It cost The oldest historical painting in the State House was painted by Charles Willson 1 785 Peale in , pursuant to a resolution 20 1 781 of November , , in commemora

’ tion of the Surrender of the Army of

Va Oc Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown , . , 1 9 th 1 8 1 - 7 . tober , It contains life size

portraits of General Washington , the

C 01 . Marquis de Lafayette , and Tench

’ Tilghman , Washington s confidential

- - secretary and Aide de Camp , of whom “ he said : He left as fair a reputation as ever belonged to a human character In the Executive Chamber hangs a

portrait of George Calvert , the first Lord

r 1 582-1 632 Baltimo e , , who secured the

charter of Maryland . Dying before this

charter had passed the seal , the colony h was establis ed under his son , Cecilius 4 1 63 . Calvert , second Lord Baltimore , in The portrait is a copy from the original

M t en s by Daniel y , a celebrated Dutch

be painter , who probably painted it 1 623 1 630 tween and , the period of his

residence in England . It was presented 1 882 to the State by John W . Garrett in ,

F o r t y who employed an artist named Vintner to copy it from the original , then in the possession of E arl Verulam , Glaston

bury , England . The artist , Frank B . “ of : Mayer , said this portrait The head

a expresses refinement , intellect , and p tient endurance , revealing a life of noble endeavor clouded by disappoin tment and wounded sensibility ; the pose is dig n ified and the details of the costume

’ carefully elaborated . Planting of the colony of Maryland and the burning of —t h e Peggy Stewart are two historical paintings of interest

ing subjects by a Maryland artist , Frank

B . Mayer . The celebrated Maryland

portrait painter , Charles Willson Peale ,

1 74 1 -1 827 A n , painted for the City of napolis portraits of the following early

Governors of Maryland : Thomas John

son , William Paca , George Plater , Will

iam Smallwood , Samuel Sprigg , John H . o Stone and John E ager H ward , in ex change for a full length portrait of Cc ciliu s Calvert , second Lord Baltimore supposed to be the work of Van Dyck .

This latter is now in the P en n s v lv an ia

- F o r t y O n e a Ac demy of Fine Arts , having been de

in 1 8 posited there by Titian Peale 77 .

C . W . Peale also painted the full length

allegorical portrait of William Pitt , E arl

of Chatham . Mr . Peale describes this portrait as follows “ Mr . Pitt is here represented in a

Roman dress , in the action of an orator ,

extending his right arm , and points to

the figure of Liberty, and holding a

scroll in his left hand , on which is writ

, ’ h imal ten , Magna Charta ; before an

tar with a civic crown on itf an d a flame / zeal in rising , designate his the cause of

Liberty . The altar is ornamented with

the bust of Hampden and Sidney , and

wreaths of oak leaves embrace them . In the background is a piece of elegant h arc itecture , Whitehall , in front of which ” King Charles I . was beheaded .

Mr . Peale states that he sold this por trait to the State of Maryland for 200

pounds .

, l imr F rederic k S ix th L ord B a t o e

1 1 -1 1 u n 73 77 . This painting is by an

known hand , and it is even doubtful if

be it a portrait of Frederick , as the name

- F o r t y T wo

of Maryland ’ s four signers of the Dec

l i n arat o . of Independence , viz — Ch arles C arroll of C arrollton Dele

a 1 776 : g te to the Continental Congress ,

United States Senator 1 789 -1 79 2 ; born 1 73 7 1 832 in Annapolis in ; died in , aged -fi i ninety ve. Th s portrait was painted by order of the General Assembly of 1 832 , by Thomas Sully , a pupil of Ben

jamin West .

Willi mP c — 1 740 1 799 a a a Born ; died delegate to Continental Congress 1 774 1 779 1 782-1 785 ; third Governor , ; paint

ed by John B . Bordley . By joint resolu 89 tion No . , of the General Assembly of 1 834 , the Governor was authorized to - order full length portraits of the signers ,

Paca , Chase and Stone . Resolution No . 44 1 83 5 , of , shows that the work was

done by John B . Bordley and authorizes the purchase of frames for these por

traits .

T h mt n — o as S o e Delegate to the Con

tin en t al Congress 1 775-1 779 and 1 784 1 785 1 743 1 787 ; born ; died , aged forty

four years .

S aml h — u e C as e Delegate to the Con

F o r t y - F o u r tin en tal Congress 1 774-1 77 8 ; Associate Justice of the United States 1 784-1 785

- : Supreme Court 1 79 6 1 804 ; born 1 741 1 81 1 died , aged seventy years .

THE OLDE ST STAR-SPANGLED

BANNER . In the Flag Room in the old State House is the only Star-Spangled Banner in ex 1 s t en ce known to have been carried in battle during the War for In depen dence . fl This agwas carried by the Maryland troops during the War of the American

an d Revolution , is thought to be the old est United States fiagin existence made h in accordance wit the Act of Congress , 1 4 1 777 June , . It is positively known to have been carried “as the Regimental Flag of the

Third Maryland Regiment , under Col .

John E ager Howard , at the battle of

, 1 778 C . Cowpens , S . , in January , , in which battle it was carried by William

Bachelor . Bachelor was wounded in this battle and sent to his home in Baltimore ,

bringing with him the flag .

- F o r t y F i v e A oc fter the death of Bachelor , which 28 1 781 curred March , , the flag remained

in in his family , and when the British 1 8 1 4 vaded Maryland in , this flag was

again carried , at the Battle of North

’ Point , by Bachelor s son , William , a member of the Twenty-seventh Regiment i of Maryland Mil tia . This William Bachelor carried the

flag in all the parades of the Twenty-sev c 1 840 h uth Regiment up to about , w en

B e the regiment organization expired . ing a member of the Old flDefenders As a a sociation , he carried the gin all p rades and functions of the association as

h e long as was able to take part , and

1 885 - died in , at the age of ninety nine . The flag remained in the possession of

f milv 1 4 a 89 his until , when it was pre sented to the Society of the War of 1 81 2 the successor of the Old Defenders As r sociation , and by that society p eserved until presented to the State of Mary

at 1 9 1 9 07 . land , Annapolis , October , THE UNITED STATE S NAVAL

ACADEMY .

The Hon . George Bancroft while Sec tary of the Navy, under President

min i ad s K . Polk, signalized his ion by the establishment of the ted States Naval Academy at A n

olis , upon the site of an abandoned

A n army post known as Fort Severn . j n ap olis was chosen as the most suitable

location for such an institution , and l h 1 845 0t . o . academic r utine began Oct ,

Captain Franklin Buchanan , of Mary

land , was its first Superintendent . Dur 1 86 1 ing the Civil War , he was an admiral in command of the Confederate 1 900 . . Navy . Since the U S Government has expended ten millions of dollars in the erection of magnificent buildings for the accommodation and education of young men for officers of the United

States Navy . Annapolis can now boast of the finest and best technical naval

school in the world .

- F o r t y S e v e n