JUNE 29, 1973 25 CENTS VOLUME 37 /NUMBER 25

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

WATERGATE: WHY NIXON FEARS DEAN'S ~-=TESTIM -page 13

Millions of, people think Nixon would fail lie detector test, but this David Levine drawing was re;ected by the New York Times and the Washington Post as 'too hot to handle: It was first published by Rights, magazine of the Nationa1 1Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. For watergate news, see pages 13-16.

Brezhnev-Nixon deals= no step ·toward pea~~ In Brief NEW DEATH SENTENCES IN IRAN: A military tri­ largely on testimony given by a well-known professional bunal in Teheran condemned six men 'to death on June witness for the L.A. police department in drug cases in­ 10 and one woman, Simeen Nahavandi, to a 10-year volving Blacks. Seven other witnesses testified that Smith term in solitary confinement. The verdict has been ap­ was nowhere near the place where he allegedly sold the pealed to a military review board, which ordinarily gives drugs on that day. There were no Blacks on the jury. speedy approval to such sentences. (For more information Smith, whose sentencing is scheduled for July 10, faces on the repression in Iran, see the World Outlook section.) five years to life under California's indeterminate sen­ tencing law. The Mongo Smith Defense Committee is THIS YSA LEADER CONDEMNS PERSECUTION OF IRAN­ looking into appealing his conviction. IAN STUDENTS: The recent indictment of six Iranian students accused of assaulting an Iranian consular official WEEK'S CHICANOS WIN FIGHT FOR A NEW SCHOOL: Chi­ in San Francisco March 26 has been strongly condemned canos in Chicago's Pilsen community won a significant by Andrew Pulley, national secretary of the Young So­ MILITANT victory when the board of education agreed recently to cialist Alliance. 3 U.S. bombs despite new build a new high school there. In a letter to the U.S. attorney in San Francisco dated Vietnam 'cease-fire' The struggle began eight months ago when the board June 17, Pulley stated, "the charges are politically moti­ of education decided to shut down Froebel High School 5 Protests hit U.S. bombing vated and stem from the defendents' activities in protesting and transfer all the students to Harrison High School, of Cambodia, W'gote the brutally repressive regime of the Shah of Iran." Pulley ignoring the community's demands that a new school demanded "that all charges against the six be dropped crimes be built. immediately, and that your office and other agencies of 6 Teamsters, Mafia, and Recently several demonstrations were organized by the the U.S. government halt all the harassment of these Committee to Build a New School in the Pilsen Commu­ Nixon foreign students residing in the U.S." 7 Form workers strike nity. The committee included students from Froebel and Harrison, two Chicano community organizations, and having impact TRADE UNIONISTS SUPPORT FARAH STRIKE: More members of La Raza Unida Party. 8 Will Nixon's 'freeze' than 1,200 New England trade unionists demonstrated On June 7, about 300 students and community members holt rising prices? in Boston June 15 in support of the striking Farah pants marched from Froebel to the board of education and 9 Arrest of NCLC thugs in workers. Contingents representing the Amalgamated demanded to meet with the superintendent of schools, Clothing Workers, the International Ladies' Garment New York demanded but their demand was ignored. On June 13, when the Workers' Union, the Amalgamated Meat Cutters, the Mas­ demand for a new school was to be taken up at a public 17 Was African liberation sachusetts Teachers Union, the Farm Workers Support board of education meeting, some 40 to 50 parents and Day 'escapist'? Committee, and the Socialist Workers Party marched from students attempted to enter the building, but many were 18 Analysis of primary vote prevented by police. The board, however, finally gave for Hermon Badillo in to pressure and voted at that meeting to build the 19 Chicago steelworkers new school. run campaign in union elections CAMPAIGN TO DEFEND HAITIAN EXILES IN U.S.: ·21 Frame-up of Rosenbergs Between December of last year and April of this year 24 North Carolina Blocks 107 Haitian refugees fleeing "Baby Doc" Duvalier's face frame-up trial, ra­ regime have arrived in Miami, Fla., seeking political asylum. The U.S. Immigration Service has responded cist violence by charging them with illegally entering the country and has tried to have them deported. All of them face almost 2 In Brief certain imprisonment, if not death, if they are returned 10 In Our Opinion to Haiti. Letters Twenty-five of the Haitians, fearing for their lives, have 11 La Razo en Accion fled the authorities. A campaign to win asylum for these political exiles Notional Picket Line has been launched by the Committee for the Defense of 12 Great Society the Haitian People, a coalition of four Haitian organi­ Women in Revolt zations in the New York area and the U.S. Committee By Any Means Neces­ for Justice to Latin American Political Prisoners (USLA). sary The immediate focus of the campaign is to organize the 19 American Way of Life sending of telegrams of protest to the immigration author­ ities in Miami. Telegrams have already been sent by 20 In Review Congresswoman Bella Abzug and Bishop Paul Moore. Militant/Dave Wulp Plans are under way to hold picket lines protesting WORLD OUTLOOK the threatened deportations in both Miami and New York. 1 Shah of Iron builds bul­ the Clothing Workers' headquarters to Filene's department For more information, call USLA at (212) 691-2880, wark for imperialism store, a major retailer of Farah pants. They then held or the Committee for the Defense of the Haitian People at (212) 491-6580. Protests should be sent to District 3 Peron opens attock on a mass picket line during the lunch hour to support the strike of Farah pants workers in Texas. The Farah Director, Immigration and Naturalization Service, 51 S.W. 'Trotskyists' First Ave., Miami, Fla. 33130. workers are mostly Chicanas who earn only $1 to $1.35 -MIRTA VIDAL 4 Revolutionists oppose an hour in sweatshop conditions. - Peronist 'social truce' Demonstrating workers lost at least two hours' pay by punching out for the action, and busloads from Prov­ idence, Fall River, and New Bedford factories lost an entire day's pay. YOUR FIRST THE MILITANT BOSTON MARCH OPENS GAY PRIDE WEEK: Five hundred singing and chanting demonstrators marched ISSUE? VOLUME 37 /NUMBER 25 JUNE 29, 1973 through the streets of Boston June 16, opening the be­ CLOSING NEWS DATE-JUNE 20, 1973 ginning of Gay Pride Week 1973. Contingents in the SUBSCRIBE march, the largest so far in Boston, came from several Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS New England groups, as well as from many gay orga­ Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS nizations in Boston. TO THE Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING Participants in the march included State Representative Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., Barney Frank, who introduced a bill into the Massachu­ MILITANT 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: setts legislature calling for full civil tights for gays. The VIVA LA HUELGA! The United Form Workers Union is Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business ,Office (212) bill was recently defeated. Also present at the demonstra­ 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western struggling for its survival. The Militant actively supports Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Telephone: (213) 463- ion were Diana Travis, Socialist Workers Party candidate this struggle. For honest and on-the-spot reports on the 1917. for Cambridge school committee, and Reverend Alberts showdown between the UFWU and the growers, and for Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes from Old West Church. Alberts performed a marriage information on what you can do to help ... Read The of address should be addressed Ia The Militant Business ceremony for a gay couple in April and subsequently· Office, 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. I 0014. Militant. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ lost his position as pastor. scriptions: Domestic: $5 a year; foreign, S8. By first­ class mail: domestic and Canada, S25; all other coun­ Introductory oller-S1/3months tries, S41. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, 'MONGO' SMITH CONVICTED IN DRUG FRAME-UP: ( ) $1 for three months of The Militant. $32; Mexico and the Caribbean, S30; latin America Joseph "Mongo" Smith, chairman of the Los Angeles ( ) $2 for three months of The Militant and three months and Europe, S40; Africa, Australia, and Asia (including of the International Socialist Review. · Young Workers Liberation League, was convicted June USSR), $50. Write for sealed air postage rates. ( ) $5 for one year of The Militant For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then 12 on charges stemming from a drug frame-up. Smith, , ( ) New ( ) Renewal posted from london directly: England and Ireland, ll.20 who is Black, was arrested Nov. 28 while distributing for I 0 issues, l4.50 for one year; Continental Europe, leaflets protesting the killing of two Black students at NAME------ll.50 for I 0 issues, l5.50 for one year. Send banker's draft directly to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, london, Southern University. He was charged with selling drugs ADDRESS------­ SEI Bl.l, England. Inquire for air rates from london at to an undercover police agent. CITY------STATE------ZIP----- the same address. According to a report in the Daily World, newspaper 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily of the Communist Party, Smith's conviction was based represent The Militont1 s views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 U.S. bombs despite new Viet 'cease-fireJ From Intercontinental Press 15. Point 4 states that the "two South By JON ROTHSCHILD Vietnamese parties" will observe "They must have made a secret articles 2 and 3 of the earlier agree­ agreement as well," the June 17 New ment, which delineate the specifics of York Times quoted an anonymous the nonexistent cease-fire. American official in Washington as Point 5 explains that the "Two-Party saying, "because otherwise the exer­ Joint Military Commission" (JMC), cise would have been pointless." The which in reality has never functioned, official was commenting on the June should immediately begin its task of 13 communique declaring yet another determining "the areas controlled by cease-fire in Vietnam. the two South Vietnamese parties." The communique was released in Point 6 says that military field com­ two versions- a four-party text signed manders should meet so as to avoid by the Saigon regime, the U.S. gov­ new incidents of fighting, which has ernment, the Democratic Republic of never ~topped. Vietnam, and the South Vietnam Pro­ Point 7 repeats the January 27 ac­ visional Revolutionary Government, cord's assertions prohibiting the in­ and a two-party text signed only by troduction of military equipment into Washington and Hanoi with the "con­ South Vietnam except on a one-for-one currence" of the other two parties. basis. Point 8 repeats the January The Byzantine, two-stage signing 27 accord's assertion that civilian ceremony was not the only thing the prisoners should be released, some­ Thieu won't release political prisoners or allow democratic rights before 'elections.' June 13 communique had in common thing Thieu refuses to do. Point 9 with the January 27 cease-fire agree­ reiterates the January 27 accord's it ment that was supposed to con­ provision on establishing democratic to have all but repudiated several of bombing ra~ds would stop, he an­ cretize. Like the earlier accord, the rights throughout South Vietnam. the key articles" of the communique. swered that "there is nothing that com­ June 13 document was negotiated in Point 10 repeats the call for "free elec­ "Well-placed [Saigon] Government mits the United States to cease such secret, settles nothing, and has already tions" and the formation of a National sources explained this by insisting that operations." The day the communique been violated by the Saigon gang. Council of National Reconciliation Thieu would not honor articles he was signed marked the one-hundredth and Concord. Point 11 states that deemed to be "contrary to the spirit" consecutive day that American bomb­ members of the JMC should have of the January 27 agreement. ers had been in action over Cam­ diplomatic status- another provision For example, the booklet states that bodia. already contained in the first cease­ Saigon and the PRG must set the date fire accord that Thieu refuses to im­ for elections before a National Council plement. Point 12 states that the Inter­ of National Reconciliation and Congress stalls national Commission of Control and Concord is formed and before wartime Supervision, which does not function, _ restrictions of democratic rights are on antiwar bills should be accorded cooperation by lifted. That is, Thieu insists that the both sides. PRG must agree to hold an "election" JUNE 18- U.S. bombing raids Point 13, in its entirety, states: before the several hundred thousand against Cambodia continue at a "Article 20 of the [January 27) agree­ political prisoners are released from rate of almost 200 per day, and ment regarding Cambodia and Laos, Saigon's jails and while Thieu's mili­ yet Congress continues to stall on shall be scrupulously implemented." tary rule continues to deny all political legislation to cut off funds for the raids. Point 14 states that Washington­ forces except his own the right to KISSINGER & THO: Conferred in secret Both houses have passed bills to Hanoi talk~ on reconstruction of the function. cut off funds for the bombing, but DRV should resume. And there was some evidence that action on them was delayed in a The piece of paper in question is When Henry Kissinger was asked Thieu did not even intend to go Senate-House conference committee the fruit of some seventy-five hours what there was in the communique, through the formalities of ordering -to "give Kissinger more time" to of talks between Henry Kissinger and besides the goodwill and seriousness his troops to cease firing. "Periodically press for concessions from the Le Due Tho. It consists of fourteen of the people who negotiated it, that throughout the day yesterday," Fox North Vietnamese in the Paris talks points, many of which in turn consist would make it work any better than Butterfield wrote in a June 16 dispatch on Indochina. of quotations from the January 27 the first cease-fire agreement, he to the New York Times, "the Com­ Finally a compromise proposal accord. replied: "There is nothing in any com­ munists broadcast orders to their was cleared June 18 by the confer­ The first two points, the only really munique that makes a communique soldiers to stop fighting, and the ence committee and sent to the specific ones in the communique, state work. The communique works because [Saigon] Government announced that House floor for approval. However, that the U.S. military, "in conformity the parties concerned intend to imple­ its field commanders had been in­ Speaker of the House Carl Albert with article 2 of the [January 27) ment it." structed by radio and telephone to has revealed plans to stall another agreement," must "cease indefinitely This could be considered to be observe the new truce. However, re­ week on the measure until the end aerial reconaissance" over the territory one of Kissinger's less dishonest ports from the field indicated that of the DRV and must resume mine­ statements- provided the word "be­ many Government soldiers had not of Leonid Brezhnev's visit to the sweeping operations in DRV waters. cause" was changed to "if." And both yet [sic] received such orders by noon, u.s. By affixing his worthless signature the Saigon government and the Nixon when the truce was to begin." In another development, Nixon's to the communique, Kissinger, in the gang have proven that they have no As for the U.S. government, there is war aims were revealed by his nom­ name of his boss, tacitly admitted what intention of implementing the com­ no more dramatic proof of its inten­ inee for a new secretar:y of defense, Washington had hitherto denied: that munique, any more than they imple­ tion of disregarding the communique James Schlesinger, who told the the Nixon regime has been violating mented the cease-fire accord itself. than the bombing raids still being Senate Armed Services Committee the Paris agreement by flying spy The Saigon regime openly pro­ conducted against the Cambodian that despite the detente with Moscow planes over North Vietnam and by claimed its intention of violating the liberation forces and civilian popula­ and Peking, "the military budget failing to clear mines from the port terms of thecommuniquewithin twenty­ tion. will rise." In response to a question, of Haiphong and the rivers of the four hours of its signing. ·on June When Kissinger was asked by re­ Schlesinger defended Nixon's DRV. 14 it issued a booklet entitled "The porters whether the section of the bombing of Cambodia and stated, In Point 3, the "two South Vietnam­ Paris Joint Communique of June 13: communique reaffirming Article 20 of "I cannot exclude" the resumption ese parties" agree to issue new cease­ Analysis and Observations." Even the the cease-fire agreement (which pro­ of bombing of North Vietnam. fire orders to their respective military New York Times (June 15) was com­ hibits foreign military operations in forces, the truce to go into effect June pelled to admit that Saigon "appeared Cambodia) meant that American

By CARYL LOEB ment out of committee to be voted date for mayor Roberta Scherr, and CLEVELAND-"July 4 is American on by the Senate as a whole. a representative of the United Farm Independence Day. July 7 will be fem­ Johnson continued, "We have come Workers Union. Ohio inist independence day- the beginning to recognize that two or three women Ambitious plans are under way to of an ERA movement which will see visiting an elected official do not rep­ publicize the rally. Some 25,000 leaf­ ratification of the Equal Rights resent the p<;>wer necessary to over­ lets will be passed out at the annual feministsJ Amendment in Ohio and then go on ride the influence of moneyed inter­ July 4 fireworks display. from there." So said Sue Johnson, ests which stand in opposition to equal Endorsers of the action include Con­ president of Cleveland NOW (Nation­ rights for women. The way for us gressman Louis Stokes; the 21st Con­ unionists al Organization for Women), in an­ to win is not to work behind the gressional District Caucus; AFSCME nouncing plans for a rally in support scenes, but to keep the ERA in the Women's Rights Committee; Council of the ERA. The action is slated for public eye and rally women and men of Union Women; United Farm Work­ slate rally noon, July 7, at the old federal build­ supporters to our cause." ers Union; State Representative John ing. The rally will be keynoted by John­ Sweeney and Jean Sweeney; State Rep­ The ERA passed the Ohio House son and State Senator Marijene Vali­ resentative Harry Lehman and Linda for ERA of Representatives in February. In quette, who submitted the ERA for rat­ Lehman; Sheldon Schecter, state chair­ May the Ohio Senate Committee on ification in Ohio. Other speakers will man of Ohio New Democratic Coali­ Financial Institutions, Insurance and include Councilwoman Carol McClen­ tion; Socialist Workers Party; and Elections voted not to let the amend- don, Socialist Workers Party candi- many others.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 3 U.S. CAPITALISTS SEEK ECONOMIC GAllS. COUITERREVOLUTIOIARY AID FROM KREMLIN From Intercontinental Press eluded that the Moscow detente will of East and West Europe with each bility than he enjoyed in the pre-Con­ serve to protect, not endanger, im­ gress Brezhnev-Kosygin collegial By DICK ROBERTS other." perialist oil holdings. And not only According to Hardt and Holliday, leadership. At the same time, Brezh­ The task of presenting the views of oil holdings. "the share of, the United States in nev's future tenure in office and po­ the minority of the U. S. ruling class Prestigious ruling-class representa­ Western trade with the U.S.S.R. and sition of power are likely to depend on the developing Washington­ tives rose to the Senate floor to scold Eastern Europe was about 3 percent to a large extent on economic per­ Moscow detente fell to Senator Henry Jackson. "There have been several ar­ of exports and 2 percent of imports formance.... Jackson, a Democrat from the state ticles recently indicating important In any event, these experts down­ of Washington. economic transactions with Russia are play the economic significance of the Jackson opposes the detente. More in the making," said Senator J. W. Ful­ detente in relation to its political specifically, he takes a dim view of bright, chairman of the ' Senate significance. "By far the largest Soviet Communist party General Foreign Relations Committee. project envisioned at present is a bid Secretary Leonid Brezhnev's visit to "Goodness knows," Fulbright con­ by several U.S. and Japanese com­ the United States. Because articulating tinued, "they are very important for panies to help finance development the interests of weapons-makers like this country, as they are for Russia. of Soviet natural gas reserves. The Boeing has become unpopular in the I think the country and, I would hope, transaction could reportedly result in United States, Jackson found himself everyone who is interested in the repayment delivery of $45.6 billion obliged to find some other peg for his economic stability of this country [milliard] of natural gas to the United opposition to the Kremlin's rap­ would feel it would be to our mutual States and Japan. Several other large prochement with Nixon. That peg was advantage." projects for raw material development the status of Soviet Jewry. Others echoing Fulbright's stand have been discussed .... For a num­ "I simply say that after a lapse of were Senate minority leader Hugh ber of years, large U.S. surpluses in 25 years," Jackson said in an inter­ Scott and Democratic majority leader the trade balance would be offset by view in the June 18 U. S. News and Mike Mansfield. Rarely has the U. S. outflows of U. S. credits. Some of the ruling _class - and its political repre­ World Report, "it's high time they NIXON, BREZHNEV: Exchanging trade projects now being discussed would sentatives- been so united. [Soviet leaders] implement the Univer- concessions, political concessions. increase Soviet export capabilities Long before the elected representa­ only after an extended development tives of the U.S. Congress take votes, period.... their positions have been determined. "The economic advantages of Soviet­ SWP LEADER TO They have had a series of closed-door -roughly unchanged from 1960. D. S. economic relations are likely to meetings to listen to the spokesmen of With a tripling of total Western ex­ be significant in particular sectors, SPEAK 011 DETEIITE banking and industry. They have ports to the Soviet Union and Eastern rather than for the national economy pored through official and semiofficial Europe during the period 1960-1970 as a whole. Grain traders and petro­ A city-wide public forum will be publications to learn the opinions .of (from $3.7 to $10.0 billion), Western leum companies, for example, may held at 8 p.m. Fri., June 29, on the ruling-class "think tank" experts. European and Japanese exports ac­ benefit, but the overall effect on the These are the kinds of articles Sena­ "The meaning of Brezhnev's counted for most of the increase." national economy will be modest. tor Fulbright was referring his col­ visit- What's behind the U.S.­ This theme has been reiterated by "U.S. trade with the Soviet Union leagues to. Typical is a June 10 re­ Soviet detente?" Jack Barnes, na­ the capitalist authorities. There are represented less than 1 percent of total port of the subcommittee on "National some gigantic trade and investment U.S foreign trade in 1971. In 1972, tional secretary of the Socialist Security Policy and Scientific Develop­ deals in the offing. But it is not mainly Workers Party, will be the speak­ ments" of the U.S. House of Repre­ the absolute magnitude of prospective er. Catholic Center, New York sentatives' committee on foreign business with the East that is in ques­ University, 58 Washington Square affairs. The authors are John P. tion. It is a matter of which imperialist Hardt, a "senior specialist in Soviet South. Enter on Thompson St. power gets there first. So far the economics," and George D. Holliday Ausp: New York Socialist Work­ United States is behind. ers Party Campaign. Donation: of the Library of Congress. Hardt and Holliday trace the turn Hardt and Holliday are discreet $J. For more information call in Soviet-American trade prospects to about the political implications of the {2 J2} 982-4966. the 1969 recession. "The U.S. detente with Moscow. "Some observers domestic economic recession of 1969- argue that the Soviet Union acts as 70 and the recurring balance-of­ a moderating influence on North Viet­ sal Declaration of Human Rights, payments deficits gave rise to a far­ namese and Middle Eastern leaders which the United Nations adopted. It reaching review by the Nixon Ad­ and uses its leverage to dampen ten­ says, among other things, that a ministration of foreign economic sions and hostilities," they note. person shall have the right to leave policy. Expanded trade with Com­ a country freely. I would hope the munist countries was considered as A lot less discreet on this question Soviet Union would permit the people a means of increasing U. S. exports was the "Survey on East-West Trade" who want to leave to leave." and stimulating domestic production published by the - British financial Jackson went on to extend his sup­ and employment." magazine, The Economist, January FUlBRIGHT: Sees detente as good for posed concern for the Soviet Jews to They quote the "Peterson Report" to 6, 1973. According to The Economist, economic stability. concern for a more burning issue for emphasize this shift. This report was . ". . . a dispute between Mr Henry his mentors. "The average American," prepared in December 1971 by Peter Kissinger and the then Secretary of he claimed, "gets the idea that our Defence, Mr Melvin Laird .. , ended trade turnover increased substantially. trouble in the Middle East stems from with these two formidable men joining However, if U. S.-Soviet trade should our support for Israel. Nothing could forces to insist (though to this day increase in eight years to $3 billion be further from the truth. . . . The no American will formally admit it) [millard]- a remarkable attainment­ problem in the Middle East is the that any trade agreement with Russia it would still be only about 2 percent have-not Arab countries against the should be 'linked' to concessions from of U.S. foreign trade. Currently, the haves. Russia on other fronts- arms limita­ United States imports as much in a "The two stabilizing factors in the tion, Mr Nixon's visit to Moscow, week from Canada as it imports in Middle East are Israel and Iran, It's talks on force reductions, Vietnam: a year from the Soviet Union." ·only Israel and Iran that could pre­ 'We naturally did not offer Russia vent an overrunning of the regime $1 billion credit if they in return would In a paragraph of the report that in Saudi Arabia. A key country that help get us out of Vietnam- there's was singled out for mention by the we're concerned about for oil for the little need for crudeness in Moscow."' New York Times, Hardt and Holliday U.S. is Iran. Iranians are Moslem, ' In any event, it's all part of the wrote: "... if the Soviet Union should but they aren't Arab. They have a well-understood rules of diplomacy. reorder its priorities and permit more realistically close alliance with Is­ U.S. officials will not "formally admit" foreign decision-making involvement rael. ... th;at they are gaining Moscow's aid in domestic cooperative ventures, "Then there is Kuwait. What's the in betraying international revolution significant long-run benefits of a pre­ threat to Kuwait? Israel? Not at all. because they might not get that aid dominantly political nature might ac­ It is Iraq, backed by the Soviet Union. if they did. crue to the United States, such as: a) What's the threat to Saudi Arabia? Another side of this is brought out the potential reduction of the Soviet The have-not Arab countries: Egypt, PETERSON: Sees openings for U.S. cap­ by Hardt and Holliday. This· is the threat to our security from reordered operating through Yemen as they did italists in the East. belief that the Moscow leadership it­ Soviet priorities; b) a degree of Soviet several years ago; Syria, and Iraq, self is split on the question of how acceptance of the international system, a country with a lot of oil but with G. Peterson, then a presidential assis­ far to go in the detente and that eco­ implied by the U.S.S.R.'s permitting an extremist government in power." tant, to explain the economic motives nomic concessions to Brezhnev will domestic involvement of foreign cor­ Jackson's attempt to drum up op­ of Nixon's "New Economic Policy." promote military concessions from porations as partners; and c) political position to the detente by raising the Peterson stated: Moscow to Washington's advantage. advantages inherent in increasing in­ specter of threats to American com­ "Relations with the Communist Hardt and Holliday explain, "The ternational commercial and financial panies' Middle Eastern oil interests world are now opening up rapidly. General Secretary appears to have intercourse. Overall, such political fell flat. The major sectors of U.S. The United States has a long way emerged from the 24th Party Con­ gains might far outweigh the relatively finance capital have already con- to go in matching the trade levels gress with more power and responsi- modest economic returns."

4 Demonstrations protest U.S. bombing of Cambodia and gov't Watergate crimes mander-in-chief of U.S. military op­ erations will ·not be marred by any impolite references to such unpleasant subjects as the murderous U.S. bomb­ ing of Cambodia or the aggression of the Thieu regime. The demand for the U. S. to get "Out Now" from all of Southeast Asia was raised in Washington today- not by Brezhnev, but by the antiwar movement.

In addition to the Washington, D. C., demonstration, antiwar actions took place in a number of other places around the country. About 100 people gathered at the federal building in Chicago June 16 for a picket line and rally in protest of continued U.S. bombing in Cam­ bodia and to demand the immediate withdrawal of all U.S. support to the Thieu regime in South Vietnam. The picket line was punctuated with chants of "Out Now," "No Support to Thieu," and "Stop the Bombing, Stop the Bugging. U.S. Out Now!" Steve Clark of the Chicago Peace Action Coalition (CPAC) told the ral­ ly that Congress was still stalling on action to cut off funds for the U.S. war effort in Cambodia. He pointed 2,000 at antiwar rally behind White House, June 16 Militant/Peter Seidman out that while Congress delayed, Cam­ bodians were being killed by U.S. bombs. Clark stressed that rather than rely­ By PETER SEIDMAN Speakers at the Watergate rally were join us in this action to call for a new ing on Congress to get the U. S. war WASHINGTON, June 16- Two thou­ Anthony Russo, who was recently ac­ election." machine out of Southeast Asia, the sand people participated in a demon­ quitted in the Pentagon papers trial Speaking at the White House rally antiwar movement should continue to stration here today to protest the con­ along with Daniel Ellsberg, and Ar­ were Black antiwar activist and en­ build independent, visible dem~nstra­ tinued U.S. bombing of Cambodia thur Kinoy, a prominent member of tertainer Dick Gregory and Professor tions demanding total U.S. with­ and the government's Watergate the National Lawyers Guild. Kinoy, Sokhom Hing, a professor at the State drawal. University of New York at Old West­ crimes against the antiwar movement it was recently revealed, has been a Bart Savage, speaking for the Chi­ bury, Long Island. Hing, of Cam­ and the U.S. people. The· demonstra­ victim of illegal government wiretap­ cago Vietnam Veterans Against the tion was called. to coincide with the bodian descent, criticized the continued ping. War (VV AW), blasted the Nixon ad­ first anniversary of the June 17, Russo stressed that it was the anti­ U.S. bombing of Cambodia. He ministration for its attacks on the anti- 1972, arrest of five White House war movement that brought about the called for the U.S. to honor the Janu­ burglars in the headquarters of the exposure of the government's Water­ ary 1973 Paris accords, which, he Democratic Party National Commit­ gate crimes. "We have to realize that said, provided a basis for peace in tee in the Watergate building here. the antiwar movement brought about Cambodia. The demonstration was originally Watergate," he said, "the pressure was Hing also criticized Nl.xon's budget called by the People's Coalition for too great . . . it would have broken cutbacks in the U.S.: "Nixon says he Peace and Justice (PCPJ) around the somehow." has no funds for social welfare, but theme "Funds for Life, Not Death." He said "We didn't realize the power he has plenty for the bombing of Cam­ The National Peace Action Coalition the movement has. We didn't realize bodia. He says there is a fuel shortage, (NPAC) and the Student Mobilization that we were driving the government but has plenty of fuel for planes to Committee (SMC) welcomed PCPJ's up the wall." bomb Cambodia." initiative in calling an action that Russo also called attention to the Speakers at the Department of Jus­ could mobilize opposition to U.S. ag­ frame-up of Elmer Davis, a Black tice rally were Johnnie Tillmon of the gression in Southeast Asia, and urged man who was railroaded to jail for al­ National Welfare Rights Organization people to participate in the demon­ legedly having burglarized the office and People's Party 1972 presidential stration on the basis of the demands of Daniel Ellsberg's Beverly Hills candidate Dr. Benjamin Spock. "End the Bombing of Cambodia Now! psychiatrist. Davis is now in Folsom Abe Bloom, a national coordinator U.S. Entirely Out of Southeast Asia State Prison in California. It has been of NPAC, told The Militant of his Now!" revealed that the burglary was in fact gratification that "so many of the Militant/Peter Seidman NPAC built the action on the basis committed by a team of White House 2,000 participants in today's demon­ Mock tiger cage at D. C. demonstration of these demands and sought to co­ burglars. stration marched in the NPAC and symbolized Thieu regime's brutal treat­ operate with PCPJ in the organization Kinoy focused his remarks on a SMC 'Out Now' contingent. This re­ ment of political prisoners. of the marshals, logistics, and rally. lawsuit being considered by the Na­ flected the efforts of our organizations PCPJ, however, rejected NPAC's ap­ tional Lawyers Guild that would seek to build this action and the stress we war movement in general and on the peal for unity in action against the to "set aside the 1972 elections as a place on the need for ongoing protest VVAW in particular. continuing U.S. intervention in South­ fraud." He called on "all the people to against any U.S. intervention in .Other speakers at the rally included east Asia. NPAC was not invited to Southeast Asia." Jack Spiegel of the Chicago Peace participate in the selection of speakers There was also a Communist Party Council and the Reverend William Ho­ for the rally. contingent in the demonstration. The gan, a long-time Chicago antiwar ac­ The demonstration was organized largest banner carried in this contin­ tivist. to reflect PCPJ's central theme of gent was neither in protest of the U.S. The demonstration was initiated by "Funds for Life, Not Death." After an government's war in Southeast Asia the Chicago Peace Council, a local initial rally at the Watergate building, nor against its Watergate crimes. affiliate of the People's Coalition for participants marched to a second ral­ Rather, the main CP banner pro­ Peace and Justice, and was endorsed ly at the Ellipse behind the White claimed "Trade Means Jobs. Welcome by CPAC. House and a third rally at the De­ Brezhnev." This greeting was for Leo­ On June 14, a rally of 125 people partment of Justice building. Along nid Brezhnev, visiting general secre­ met in Loring Park in Minneapolis the way were various floats and con­ tary of the Communist Party of the to send off a contingent to the dem­ tingents symbolizing the fight to free Soviet Union. Brezhnev's detente with onstration in Washington. Speaking the political prisoners in South Viet­ Washington is being implemented, in at the rally were representatives of the nam, the struggle of Native Ameri­ part, through Moscow's treacherous Minnesota Peace Action Coalition, cans, and the boycott efforts of the role in forcing the Vietnamese libera­ PCPJ, and Clyde Bellecourt of the United Farm Workers Union. tion fighters to accept the continued American Indian Movement. The rallies were chaired by the Rev­ existence of the U. S.-backed Thieu die­ Demonstrations supported by affili­ erend Paul Mayer of PCPJ and Gilda Militant/Peter Seidman .tatorship. ates of PCPJ and NPAC also took Warnick of the D. C. Coalition for Sur­ RUSSO: 'We didn't realize the power It is safe to assume that Brezhnev's place in San Francisco, Los Angeles, vival. the movement has.' amicable discussions with the com- and Portland.

THE MILITANT/JUNE_29, 1973 5 WhY. Fitzsimmons needs a gublic relations firm The Teamsters. the Mafia, and Nixon By BAXTER SMITH schemes that include "a prepaid health "I can stand crooks, but it bothers care plan, a similar dental care pro­ hell out of me when a guy meets with gram, a prepaid legal service and a mobsters and then with the president." series of real estate transactions in­ That was how one California state volving more than $40 million in AU investigator described his feelings commercial property in Orange and about Frank Fitzsimmons. Fitz­ San Diego counties- all financed by simmons is president of the Interna­ pension fund loans." tional Brotherhood of Teamsters, the The Times states that millions of union involved in an all-out drive Teamsters's pension fund dollars have in behalf of agribusiness to crush the been lent to the Mafia to help build United Farm Workers Union. Las Vegas casinos, country clubs, and An FBI agent remarked, "This other "mob watering holes." One such club, La Costa Country Club, was described by a Justice Department lawyer as "the West Coast R& R (rest and recuperation) center for all sorts of hoods from throughout the country." Another embarrassing matter for the Teamster officialdom is their con­ nection to Watergate. An article in FITZSIMMONS: Teamster bureaucrat speaks to grower convention the Manchester, N.H., Union Leader ties G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt, two Watergate burglars, to the tarnished image. Treasury bonds and notes as collat­ ~::~{-~" Teamsters and Las Vegas gambling ' .,.. The Wall Street Journal printed an eral to obtain a $100,000 loan. He interests. According to the story, article on the Teamsters's new PR already has one fraud conviction. The money from Vegas gambling interests firm and found that the company Cleveland consultant was paroled in ,, ··~··.. and funds diverted from the Teamsters could use some polishing of its own. 1958 after serving 20 years in prison played an important role in financing ~ ~% ,_ The firm is headquartered a few in connection with the murder of two one of the Watergate capers. ~ i . ,.... blocks off the "Lost Wages" strip in cops. The article states that Fitzsimmons /',". ~ Las Vegas. It claims to have "branch The Journal reports that Hoover­ " ·•4• contributed $17 5,000 in Teamster offices" in both Los Angeles and Cleve­ Gorin has done little for the Teamsters pension fund money to Murray Chot­ land. Although it doesn't actually thus far. They're receiving over twice iner, close friend of Richard Nixon have such offices, it does have two the average retainer fee a union would and director of one of the Watergate consultants in those cities. normally pay such a PR firm. capers. This money "was not listed The Los Angeles consultant, Harry Hoover-Gorin has boasted that on Nixon's campaign lists but was Helgot, was recently arrested for they've "cranked out research reports, kept in the secret [fund] maintained trying to use $175,000 worth of stolen Continued on page 22 by Chotiner." The article adds that "the secret campaign fund of $350,000 used in Unions vote to support UFWU ~- J part to finance the Watergate caper, NIXON: scab grape eater was just a fraction of the money col­ LOS ANGELES- The Los Angeles become a symbol of the movement lected by the White House inner circle branch of the National Association of Chicano workers and all farm from certain gambling interests in of Letter Carriers and Social Ser­ workers for a decent life and hu­ whole thing of the Teamsters and the Las Vegas and from money diverted vices Union Local 535 have voted man rights. This most recent at­ mob and the White House is one of from the pension fund of the Inter­ to extend active support to the tack threatens the very existence of the scariest things I've ever seen. It national Teamsters Union." United Farm Workers strike. the union. has demoralized the bureau. We don't Faced with these revelations, and A motion approved by the Letter "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED: know what to expect out of the Justice fearful of compromising their drive Carriers June 11 declared: That a subcommittee be formed to Department." against the United Farm Workers support the UFWU's call for ana­ Fitzsimmon's close ties to organized (whom they term "irresponsible" and "BE IT RESOLVED: That we tional boycott of stores selling non­ crime and the White House were the "criminal") the Teamsters have re­ support the struggle of the United union lettuce and grapes." subject of a recent Los Angeles Times tained the services of Hoover-Gorin Farm Workers Union in Coachella, A similar resolution was adopted article. & Associates, a Las Vegas public California. We condemn the con­ by the Social Services Union, with The Times revealed how the Mafia relations firm. spiracy of the Teamster officialdom the proviso that a union represen­ is involved in "looting Teamster pen­ Teamster officials are paying and growers to prevent farm work­ tative be assigned to work full time sion funds through illicit finders' fees, Hoover-Gorin a sweet $1.3-million a ers from having and controlling on building support for the farm payoffs and kickbacks." year in a four-year contract to at­ their own union. The UFWU has workers. The Mafia is involved in four tempt the impossible- polish their Teamsters sue Fitzsimmons, back UFWU By MIGUEL PENDAS regional officials. According to a news workers and those still in the fields LOS ANGELES- Rank-and-file release, the suit charges "a conspiracy who may be thinking about going Teamsters here are taking legal ac­ between Teamster officials and certain on strike. One of these "gvards," Mike tion against their union's top officials, grape growers, which has led to back­ Falco, was arrested June 5 when he charging them with entering into a door 'sweetheart' agreements between punched the Reverend John Bank, di­ conspiracy with grape growers to bust the Teamsters and the growers. These rector of information for the UFWU. the United Farm Workers Union. agreements were entered into without Tbe blow broke Bank's nose in three Attorney Henry Giler has prepared considering the wishes of the farm places. a suit naming Teamsters President workers." About 120 of these goons have been Frank Fitzsimmons; Einar Mohn, Plaintiffs in the suit are Mauricio brought into the Coachella area so head of the Western Conference of Terrazas of Los Angeles Teamsters far. Teamsters; and other national and Local 598 and James Dycus of Lo­ Referring to the Teamster officials cal 208. Both are active in a rank- as "strikebreakers," the news release and-file committee that is organizing also asserted that their activities "sub­ support for the UFWU. Also support­ ject Teamster Union members to ridi­ ing the suit is CASA-Hermandad, an cule and . . . lower the reputation of organization that seeks to protect the the Teamster Union in the commu­ rights of undocumented Raza workers. nity and the labor movement." The suit charges these activities on According to attorney Giler, the Mil Henoghon the part of the Teamster officials are Teamster-grower activities violate the Rank and file Teamsters picket Oakland, a breach of obligation to their mem­ California Jurisdictional Strike Act Calif., Safeway. bers. In particular it singles out the and are therefore illegal. large sums of money spent to hire As soon as certain technicalities can goons to ride herd on strikebreakers be ironed out with Superior Court "guard" property of grape growers or being used by the grape growers. Judge Campbell Lucas, Giler plans to interfere with picketing activities of These goons, some of them recruited to submit the suit. He will also be the UFW U, and from enforcing "sweet­ Militant/Harry Ring from motorcycle gangs, are being asking the court for a temporary re- heart" contracts in which the Team­ BANK: UFWU organizer's nose broken paid $50 a day plus $17.50 for "ex­ . straining order preventing Teamster sters falsely purport to represent field by Teamster goon. penses" to intimidate striking farm officials from using union funds to workers.

6 SOUR DRAPES FOR SCAB OROWERS COACHELLA: UFWU STRIKE HAVING EFFECT By HARRY RING ing green grapes to mitigate the ef­ COACHELLA, Calif., June 19-Scab fects of the weather and the strike." grape growers in this area are suf­ Last year grapes from this high­ fering from a bad case of sour grapes. profit area were bringing the growers Unseasonably cool weather and an an average of $11.50 for a 22-pound increasingly effective strike by the box. This year the price is running United Farm Workers, 1\FL-CIO, between $9 and $10 a box. However, have put the growers in c. position the Freedman Company and the K. K. of trying to market grapes that fail Larson ranch, which are harvesting to meet federal standards for ripeness. grapes under UFWU contracts, are As a result, their expenses :1ave in­ getting an average of $1 more per creased while the market prices have box than the scab growers. dropped. The superior quality of their grapes In addition, the growers now face confirms that the strike has had as legal action for violating the federal decisive an effect as the weather in sweetness standards, and the govern- bringing grief to the strikebreaking ranchers. Cool weather during the early spring and a relatively high amount of humidity for this desert area sig­ nificantly affected the ripening process. But the walkout of experienced field workers and the wide response of non­ strikers to a union appeal for a slow­ down resulted in improper prepara­ tion of the grapes for harvest, fur­ ther driving down the quality . .. Because Larson and Freedman had union workers, they had no problems with preharvest preparation and are enjoying a choice crop. These hard facts are being noted by the growers. They have a taped telephone service here offering daily I harvesting figures. Today's report be­ CHAVEZ: Growers underestimated sup- gan with a report on market condi­ port for UFWU. tions, stating that the demand on ''best grapes" is "very good. Others - de­ Militant farm workers picket lines have pulled many workers out of the fields, slowed ment is being confronted with de­ mand fair, the market weaker." others down. Recent grower attempt to limit use of bullhorns failed. mands to order the inferior grapes The report further pointed to the more than 500 experienced grape that support the UFWU has been able off the market. difficulties facing the growers in terms pickers in the fields that can be count­ to offer unprecedented strike benefits Meanwhile, the two growers who did of output. As of yesterday, 343,903 ed on for anything approaching nor­ of $90 a week per striking worker. renew their contracts with the UFWU boxes had been harvested. By the mal production standards. · However, there is still no evidence are marketing choice grapes and re­ In addition to their lack of expe­ that the growers here are ready to ceiving a premium price for _them. COACHELLA, Calif.- The United rience, many of the strikebreakers are reconsider their course, despite the Grapes are checked by federal in­ visibly affected by the appeals and beating they are taking. spectors to assure they contain cer­ Farm Workers Union won an im­ in some cases the unflattering char­ The next test of strength will come tain established minimums of sugar. portant legal fight here June J5 acterizations offered by strikers who in the Arvin-Lamont area, where the Some of the unripe grapes are reach­ when a four-day-old in;unction address them from the roadside with growers have also signed sweetheart ing the market because the inspection was revoked. The original re­ bullhorns and strong lungs. pacts with the Teamsters instead of system is inadequate and because straining order won by the grow­ This morning at the picket line at renewing their UFWU agreements. As some of the inspectors share the anti­ ers limited the UFWU to two 45- the Moreno ranch, one of the larger the Arvin-Lamont harvest approach­ labor bias of the growers. But large growers,' I watched some of the strike­ es there is no reason to assume that numbers of boxes are being repacked minute periods each day for the breakers trying to pack boxes of their situation will be any better than because the growers feel they can lose use of loudspeaker devices to ad­ grapes under the drumfire of prounion that of the Coachella growers. They even more if the amount of unripe dress nonstrikers. The in;unction arguments being addressed to them are almost twice as far from the Mexi­ grapes reaching the market gets to also provided for 75 minutes for by pickets. For workers dependent on can border, which will increase the be too great. response by the scabherding work bonuses, they gave no impres­ difficulties in recruiting sufficient forces The National Farm Workers Min­ Teamster goons. sion of unduly exerting themselves, of strikebreakers. istry, an interfaith group supporting and often stopped to listen to remarks The backdoor agreements the Team­ the strike, has filed a class action The order was thrown out on addressed to them. sters presently have here and in Arvin­ suit against three Los Angeles mar­ grounds that it constituted a dep­ There are only a couple of weeks Lamont represent about 25 percent kets and a Coachella grower for of­ rivation of constitutional rights. left to harvest the rest of the crop. of the industry. The UFWU contracts fering the public grapes that fall be­ Depositions were filed by J8 J More than 3,000 scabs will have to have not yet expired in the Delano low federal quality standards. workers now on strike who said be brought into the fields to accom­ and Fresno_ areas, where the other A representative of the religious they had first learned of the strike plish this. And while labor contractors Con.tinued on page 22 grouping charged, "Growers are pick- are busy recruiting on the Mexican as a result of being addressed side of the border, it is by no means in the fields by UFWU pickets. certain that they will be able to pro­ UFWU PICKETS vide the amount of workers that will DON'T BUY SCAB same date last year, it was 2,113,73'1. be needed. ARRESTED An average harvest in this area is Recently UFWU leader Cesar Cha­ LETTUCE, &RAPES three million boxes. vez commented that the unionbusting COACHELLA, Calif.- The move­ JUNE 19 - Three UFWU picket More than a thousand workers have growers had been wrong on three captains were arrested this morning joined the strike, which is demanding counts. ment against scab grapes and let­ on charges of violating a court in­ cancellation of a fake sweetheart pact First, they believed their foremen, tuce is moving ahead. It was re­ junction limiting the activities of signed with the Teamsters and the who assured them that the field work­ ported here that Lucky's, a Los pickets. One of those arrested, Mar­ renewal of UFWU contracts. Another ers were dissatisfied with the United Angeles supermarket chain, will shall Ganz, had entered the fields thousand migrants who would nor­ Farm Workers and would not sup­ not be handling nonunion grapes at the CID ranch to retrieve a pack­ mally show up here for the harvest port them. The workers have had crit­ and lettuce. In the East, the boy­ ing box with a UFWU label. CID are thought to have bypassed the icisms, Chavez said, but they have is no longer under union contract area. demonstrated they consider the cott drive is now being sparked and should not be using the boxes. There are 1,500 people in the fields UFW U their union and are ready by UFWU leader Dolores Huerta. In a separate incident, according now picking grapes. These include a to fight for it. According to the June 75 issue to police, Teamster organizer Wil­ good number of "submarines" - Second, the growers persuaded of the Farm Workers' paper, El liam Grami was hit by a rock near UFWU supporters gathering informa­ themselves that this time a grape boy­ Malcriado, she reports that none a picket line. However, Teamster tion and working to influence the non­ cott would not work and are now of the ma;or food chains in Bos­ officials gave out a false story to strikers. getting the message that this is not so. news media that Grami had been Also, there are quite a number of Third, they did not believe that the ton will be selling scab grapes shot by an assassin. This phony Anglos working in the fields for the AFL-CIO would give any meaningful and lettuce. In· New York, she story was carried briefly on the first time, including students and chil­ support to the farmworkers. They reported, J6 ma;or food chains UPI news wire before the report dren. were plainly joltedwhen theAFL-CIO with 150 stores are respecting was discovered to be a lie. Campesinos who are veterans of the put up $1.6-million with a promise the boycott. harvest here insist that there are no of more to come. On the basis of

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 7 porate profits in the first three months of this hard to comprehend," Arthulr 1 Okun of the Brook­ year. "Corporate profits continued their record~ ings Institution and former chairman of the Coun­ breaking ascent in the first quarter of 1973,!1 said cil of Economic Advisers said. By DICK ROBERTS Business Week. According to Dale, "Hardly an economist, in President Nixon's announcement of a new 60- "Pegged at an annual aftertax rate of at least or out of government, dreamed that the inflation day "freeze" of prices was timed to blunt the news $61-billion, this year's first-round figure is fully rate of the last three or four months would be that prices are rising at the fastest rate in the post­ 23% ahead of the first-quarter rate in 1972, and as great as it proved to be. ..." war period. 6.6% greater than the record $57.2-billion rate of It is all baloney. • Consumer prices rose 9 percent in the last three 1972's final quarter. n Inflation is the irrepressible effect of the expan­ months- even faster than at the peak of the in­ Profit increases in the auto trusts were: General sion of credit, above all through massive govern­ flation primed by Vietnam war spending. Motors, 26 percent; Ford, 43 percent; Chrysler, ment deficits. Under today's conditions of intense e Wholesale prices rose by 2.1 percent in May 151 percent; American Motors, 345 percent. world monopoly competition, any expansion of alone, an annual rate of 25 percent. These whole­ The steel monopolies also picked up whopping the economy- and of credit, which goes along sale prices will be passed on to consumers. profit increases: Bethlehem, 62 percent; Republic, with it- inevitably exacerbates inflation. • Farm and food products rose at the rate of 117 percent; and U.S. Steel, 157 percent. The stepped-up inflation of the past half year has been fueled by the record-breaking governRlent def­ icits of 1971 and 1972. More than $80-billion went for war spending alone each year. These def­ icits, in turn, were the necessary antidote for re­ workers need escalator clause cessionary tendencies, which had been dragging the economy down, pushing unemployment up, and jeopardizing Nixon's reelection chances. While the White House published its syrupy pack Will Nixon's 'freeze· of lies in January 1973, The Militant expressed quite a different attitude about the prospects of the economy. Frank Lovell wrote in the Jan. 19 Militant, "Gov­ ernment manipulators of the economy are pre­ stop rising prices? pared to ride herd on all wage negotiations, run­ ning interference for the employers, forcing quick settlements within previously agreed-upon guide­ lines, leaving open questions of speedup on the Exxon, which is jacking up world oil prices and job and general working conditions, and hoping crowding in on the gas-station market, raked in that runaway prices and high unemployment will a 43 percent increase. not provoke uncontrolled rank-and-file revolts in The two biggest meat-packing firms were among the union movement." the leaders in the profit grab: Iowa Beef Processors, Events since January confirm the approach to up 106 percent; Missouri Beef Packers, up 178 these problems we favor. The capitalist govern­ percent. ment will not end inflation. Workers have to pro­ Corporation chiefs continued to raise their per­ tect themselves against soaring prices through es­ sonal takes. Forbes listed salaries of $875,000 a calator clauses in their contracts. year each for GM's Richard Gerstenberg and Henry Every rise in prices should be matched by a Ford II. Philip Hofmann of Johnson & Johnson guaranteed rise in wages. Consumers committees pulled in $874,000, while ITT chief Harold Ge­ should be established to watch over actual price neen got $813,000. rises, since government statistics are far from trust­ worthy. As the Nixon administration once again imposes A useful step in this direction was indicated by a supposed price freeze, it is interesting to look Ed Townsend, labor correspondent for the Chris­ back at the ·administration's January 1973 state­ tian Science Monitor in the June 18 issue. Accord­ ment of economic policy. This is the "Economic ing to Townsend, "in letters going out Monday Report to the President" prepared by the Council to AFL-CIO offices all over the country, federa­ of Economic Advisers. It explained why the "Phase tion leaders urge a massive monitoring of pri~es 2" controls were being dropped in "Phase 3." in the next 60 days, in cooperation with the gov­ "Last year's economic performance brought with ernment, to help combat price rises. it significant changes in public attitudes about "During Phase 2, AFL-CIO had 30,000 volun­ inflation and in expectations about the course of teers out checking prices on a regular basis. The the economy," the economic advisers proclaimed. NIXON: Figures don't lie, but liars can figure. watchdog operation has been maintained since " . . . doubts began to abate gradually as evi­ then in 30 major cities but with a much smaller dence grew that rates of wage and price inflation force. The numbers will be built up again as quick­ were indeed declining compared to the period prior ly as possible." 43 percent in the last three months. to August 1971. Workers' cooperation in the wage Side-by-side the watchdog operation, which This all happens as workers' wage increases are control system was fostered by the realization that should put no confidence whatsoever in the govern­ shrinking. real wages were increasing. Strike activity fell and ment "control" program, the AFL-CIO should make President Nixon arrogantly claimed in his speech relative to total time worked was at its lowest its central demand in the fight against inflation that "real per-capita disposable income . . . has point in almost 10 years. Although increases in cost-of-living clauses in all contracts. risen by 7.5 percent" since August 1971. Nixon food prices were troublesome during most of 1972, continued, "This means that, in terms of what consumers could see a slower rise in the overall your money will. actually buy, in the past year cost of living. Finally, although selling prices were and a half your annual income has increased constrained, so were costs, and business was able by the equivalent of four week's pay." to enjoy some rise in profit margins in a setting of rapidly rising volume. These developments were Prices rising faster than wages· all parts of a process that was one of the major As the saying goes, "Figures don't lie, but liars objectives of the price-wage control system- the can figure." Statistics for per capita disposable in­ unwinding of inflationary expectations." come reflect the personal incomes of capitalists, landlords, and corporation executives, as well as workers' wages. The bigger incomes have indeed 'Unusual industrial peace' been rising handsomely. But prices are now rising That report was published five, months ago, much faster than workers' wages. That means in January. Throughout the report, the top eco­ spending power is declining. The capitalists have nomic specialists for the White House marveled been glowing over this for months. "Some of the at labor's cooperation. " . . . 1972 turned out best anti-inflation news," said the April 30 Wall to be a year of unusual industrial peace. . . . Street Journal, concerns "the size of pay increases" This outcome was a consequence of the public's in the first quarter of 1972. "The average annual strong support for the program and the coopera­ wage boost over the life of the contracts dropped tive attitude among workers and the leaders of to 4.5% from 6.4% for all of 1972." organized labor.... So wages were increasing at the rate of 4.5 per­ "An economic background for wage decisions cent in the period just before prices began shooting had been established which was much more con­ up at the rate of 9 percent. And these figures are ducive to moderation than had prevailed earlier." for pay settlements in major industries. They do The report provided statistics showing the first­ not include the vast majority of workers who are year wage rate changes in agreements covering unorganized and whose pay increases are conse­ 1,000 workers or more. These tend to be the high­ quently even less. est, since the first year is higher than the next Even Nixon had to admit that "wage settlements and these are major union contracts. In 1970 reached under the rules of Phase 3 have not been the mean increase was 11.9 percent; in 1971,11.6 a significant cause of the increase in prices." It is percent. It fell to 7 percent in 1972. the understatement of the year. Wage increases The economic advisers predicted an annual in­ shrank throughout 1972, they continued to shrink flation rate in 1973 of 3 percent! By the end of in the first part of this year, they are still shrink­ the year, they promised, the inflation rate would strikers in 1970 won 'C.O.l.'-cost-of-living es­ ing, and the result is the highest profits in U. S. be down to 2.5 percent! calator clause. Recent contracts in electrical industry history. On June 9, economic pundit for the New York included limited escalator clause; in rubber, none. "Profits zoom in the first round" was the head­ Times, Edwin Dale, reported the gloomy attitude But an unlimited escalator clause for all workers is line of the May 12 ·Business Week report on cor- among Washington's economic advisers. "It is very the only protection against inflation.

8 'Labor Committee' goons continue threats Arrest of NCLC thugs demanded in N.Y. By LINDA JENNESS the hoodlums responsible for the at­ The Lower Manhattan branch of JUNE 19- Three Socialist Workers tacks. The statement, which demands the SWP also received a threatening Party members filed criminal charges "immediate action from the city admin­ phone call from the NCLC. The per­ against National Caucus of Labor istration . . to stop these attacks," is son on the phone said, "This is the Committees (NCLC) goon Steve Getz­ being circulated for additional sup­ Labor Committee. Your people didn't off on June 15. Rebecca Finch, co­ port. listen too well last time. Your people ordinator of the New York SWP may­ Norman Oliver, SWP candidate for have harassed us in Los Angeles. If oral campaign, identified Getzoff from mayor of New York, in a statement you don't want another Jesse Smith police photographs as· one of the thugs issued today reiterated his demand you better discipline your people." The who had attacked her and Jesse Smith that city hall order the "New York caller refused to give his name. and Ken Shilman on June 9. As a Police Department and the District At­ Apparently the caller was referring result of the assault, Smith was hos­ torney's office to arrest these thugs and to SWP and YSA participation in the pitalized with a broken arm and bring full criminal charges against defense of a Los Angeles Chicana ac­ gashes on his face and head requiring them in order to stop these outrageous tivist against threats by the NCLC. 11 stitches. violations of democratic rights." Enriquetta Sanchez, a welfare work­ To date Getzoff has not been ar­ er in the Huntington area of Los An­ rested for this attack. On June 11, In the June 18-22 issue of New Soli­ geles, has been harassed by the NCLC however, Getzoff and another NCLC darity, newspaper of the NCLC, the since January. Several times NCLC hooligan, George Turner, were arrest­ Labor Committee openly claims re­ members have visited Sanchez at her ed for assaulting Ron Tyson, a re­ sponsibility for these recent attacks. SPOCK: Joins growing list of people urg­ office and demanded that she join the porter for the Daily World, and a com- In a box headlined, "The SWamP Pays ing stop to NCLC terrorism. National Unemployed-Welfare Rights . panion, Row ina Pearce. Getzoff and for Seattle Harassment," New Solidari­ Organization (NU-WRO), an organi­ Turner were charged with second-de­ ty states: "One member of the Social­ zation set up by NCLC. gree assault and possession of dan­ ist Workers Party (SWamP) was hurt morning, June 16, a woman came Last week, after making vague gerous instruments. They had been during a confrontation with Labor into the Militant Bookstore at 2744 threats, pounding on the table, and armed with nunchakus, a karate wea­ Committee members in New York on Broadway in New York and began shouting at Sanchez, NCLC members pon. Both were released on their own Saturday, June 9. The incident was buying some literature. YSA organizer told her they would return to her of­ recognizance and ordered to appear in retaliation for the harassment of Jude Coren, who was in the buildi:Q.g, fice on Friday, June 15, to "discuss" for trial on June 26. Labor Committee members by SWPers which also contains offices of the SWP once again her joining NU-WRO. Nat Hentoff, Village Voice writer, in Seattle on May 14." and the YSA, noticed two NCLCers Concerned about the threats, Sanchez Dr. Benjamin Spack, and Roland The so-called ''harassment of Labor outside looking into the window. She invited several Chicano activists to Watts of the Workers Defense League Committee members in Seattle" refers recognized one of them as a partici­ participate in the June 15 meeting with have added their names to a state­ to a meeting held in Seattle to pro­ pant in an NCLC assault at Colum­ her. On Friday, when the NCLC mem­ ment demanding that the city arrest test NCLC assaults. The meeting was bia University on April 23, and an­ organized by the Black Panther Par­ other as a longtime member of NCLC. bers arrived at Sanchez's office ex­ ty. The SWP, along with several other "We sent a defense team downstairs pecting to meet with only her, they political organizations, participated in to watch the door," Coren says, "and found instead 10 Chicano activists the meeting. the two goons walked to the end of who wanted to sit in on the meeting. After the meeting in Seattle, NCLC the block and waved. We assumed Miguel Pendas, a Militant reporter, sent a letter to Jack Barnes, national they were signaling more of their peo­ was one of those present. Mark Schnei­ secretary of the SWP, demanding a ple around the corner. The woman der, YSA organizer in Los Angeles, "repudiation" of the meeting. was in the bookstore about 15 min­ was also present. New Solidarity continues: "Barnes' utes and then left. The two men walked Schneider reports that the NCLCers impertinent failure to respond to the up to meet her and they all walked told Sanchez she had a choice, "She request was directly responsible for away. could either join with them or be on the retribution on June 9." "About one minute later we received Nixon's side. They told her that ei­ In another article in New Solidarity, a call from Zeke Boyd, a leader of ther the revolution or fascism was the Labor Committee admits to the the NCLC. He said, 'This is Zeke coming in five years and that there attack on Ron Tyson. "The two LC Boyd. One of our members is up in wasn't much time. members, Steven Getzov and George your bookstore and if you don't let "The Chicanos present demanded to Turner, were in the process of teach­ her go right away there's going to know what the NCLC was up to. ing Tyson a lesson," the article states, be trouble.' I told him that she had They referred to the articles in the "when a plainclothes policeman inter­ already left and he hung up. Militant exposing the terrorist attacks Militant/Mark Satinoff fered and made the arrest on June "They were clearly trying to pro­ by NCLC on the movement and de­ OLIVER: Demands New York police ar­ 11." voke an incident. They obviously sent manded to know if they were cops. rest NCLC thugs who attacked his cam­ Harassment of the SWP by the the woman up to see how many of "The meeting ended with the Chi­ paign supporters. NCLC continues. On Saturday us were in the offices." Continued on page 22

Women protest right wingers' attack on abortion By LINDA JENNESS Women's Abortion Action Coalition, iated with the Catholic Church, do Action Coalition (WAAC) sponsored Nursing the wound dealt them by the and Young Socialists for Dixon. A not perform abortions. a rally on June 15 to demand that Jan. 22 Supreme Court decision le­ spokeswoman at the picket told Mil­ In Washington, D. C., the National the city hospitals open abortion fa­ galizing abortion, 800 people attended itant reporter Rachele Fruit, "We will Organization for Women sponsored cilities and that the state legislature the fourth national "Right-to-Life" con­ no more give up our right to abor­ a picket line of more than 150 pt:ople implement the Supreme Court ruling. vention in Detroit June 9 and 10. tion than we would our right to vote. on June 11. The picket was held in Speakers included Judy Whitti­ The convention was an attempt to Now that we have won this right we front of the Catholic Conference Build­ combe, director of the new abortion reorganize reactionary anti-abortion intend to keep it." ing, which houses the office of the clinic in St. Louis; Joyce Armstrong forces to launch an all-out attack on An opinion poll conducted by the D. C. "right-to-life" group. It was called of the American Civil Liberties Union; the right of women to have abortions. Detroit Free Press reported that a ma­ to protest the Catholic Church's sup­ and Rosalinda Lopez, a Catholic Chi­ The delegates, mostly women, decided jority of Detroiters oppose a consti­ port to these reactionary forces. cana and member of the St. Louis to support both anti-abortion consti­ tutional amendment that would pro­ The St. Louis Women's Abortion WAAC. tutional amendments now in Con­ hibit abortions. Among the comments gress, one sponsored by Senator of those questioned was, "Such an James Buckley (C/R-N. Y.) and an­ amendment would send women of this other by Representative Lawrence Ho­ country back into the Dark Ages!" gan (R-Md.). In other states, women continue to John Noonan, chairman of religious defend the Supreme Court decision. studies at the University of California On June 16, 75 people picketed in and a panelist at the convention, sug­ front of the State House in Boston. gested setting 197 6 as a deadline for The protesters were demanding that mustering enough support to pass a the hospitals in Massachusetts carry constitutional amendment. out the decision of the Supreme Court, The conference also agreed to try and that the state senators and rep­ to block abortions from being per­ resentatives make certain that this is formed by pressuring state legislatures done. to pass restrictions on when and how Currently less than one-third of the abortions are to be performed, and general and maternity hospitals sur­ by pressuring local hospitals into re­ veyed by the Boston Globe say their .fusing to offer this service. policies permit voluntary abortion. Picket line outside national anti-abortion conference in Detroit. As one demonstrator The conference was picketed by Approximately 10 percent of the put it: 'We will no more give up our right to abortion than we would our right to Wayne Women's Liberation, Detroit state's general hospitals, those affil- vote.'

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 9 In Our Opinion Letters

Brezhnev diplomacy: Time for labor party elections and held it at the campaign A national conference of the Nation­ headquarters of District Attorney al Council of Senior Citizens was Frank Hogan. Hogan wa.s running held in Washington, D. C., June 6- for reelection against William Van travesty of Leninism 8. For the past 11 years, the elder­ den Heuval, a reform Democrat who ly delegates have been voicing the had been endorsed by the New Dem­ The Communist Party USA has sent a letter to Brezhnev same complaints about inadequate ocratic Coalition and other liberal hailing his visit as furthering the interests of the peoples of housing, inflation, a health-care sys­ forces. the world. The CP proclaims that the Brezhnev visit "serves tem that takes an increasing amount In a leaflet and press release the the cause of progress, strengthens the anti-imperialist forces, of their income for inferior service, defense committee distributed, Char­ and is in the self-interest of the peoples fighting for national and an inadequate and expensive lene Mitchell, a member of the ex­ liberation." transportation system. ecutive committee of the defense com­ The CP has defended the visit as being in the tradition of At each gathering the Democratic mittee, explained the purpose of the revolutionary foreign policy and diplomacy followed by Lenin. politicians make wonderful speeches demonstration. "We want people to But the fact is that Brezhnev's performance in Washington about what they plan to do for know what kind of a DA Frank Ho­ would horrify Lenin, just as class-conscious workers and the elderly. Visit your congressman gan really is." The Feliciano case other opponents of Nixon are repelled at the sight of this and senators; write to them; elect wasn't mentioned until the fourth a liberal majority to Congress. This paragraph, and then with only two Soviet bureaucrat fawning over and joking with Nixon­ is what we have been told to do sentences. The average passer-by the hated spokesman for U. S. imperialism, for racism, and for the last 40 years. would have assumed that the demon­ for class exploitation. , I attended a panel discussion on stration was a pro-Van den Heuval Can anyone imagine Lenin accepting, with effusive grati­ health care. Several of the delegates action. tude, the gift Brezhnev received from Nixon: a Lincoln Conti­ who had been to England and other There are many people who added nental town car- the very symbol of U. S. ruling class privi­ countries where they have national their names to the defense committee lege? Or parading around in front of photographers in a health insurance spoke of their ex­ who would be both surprised and special jacket emblazoned with the seal of the president of the perience with that system, praising upset to see them used in this fash­ United States? Can anyone imagine Lenin putting his arm it. ion. around this war criminal and publicly proclaiming his "great I pointed out it was the labor Then I noticed in the Daily World respect" for Nixon? parties of those countries that had an announcement of a speech to be Brezhnev is strengthening Nixon's hand just at the time forced the adoption of national given by Gus Hall, general secretary of the Communist Party USA, about when Nixon is facing rising popular opposition to the per­ health insurance. I said, "It is a dis­ grace American labor leaders con­ Brezhnev's visit. The announcement vasive corruption of his administration, to his attempts to tinue to support the Republican and said: "Sylvia Woods, coordinator of make working people pay for the effects of inflation, and to Democratic parties and have failed the Chicago Committee to Defend All the continuing savage bombing of the Cambodian people. to organize a labor party." Political Prisoners . . . will chair the But Brezhnev' s concerns are not those of the masses of the Not only were my remarks ap­ June 30 rally." American people. His policies are a travesty of the principles plauded, but no one voiced any dis­ The announcement gave the dis­ of international working-class solidarity, and the traditions agreement. If these elderly people tinct impression that Woods, as chair­ of the Russian revolution under Lenin and Trotsky. He doesn't who have for so long supported person, was endorsing the rally of even make a pretense of meeting with rank-and-file unionists, the Democratic Party are prepared the Communist Party USA. That, Black militants, antiwar activists, and farm workers. No, to support a labor party is it not too, is a misuse of a defense com­ he spends his entire time in "businesslike" meetings with the time to launch one? mittee. biggest U. S. capitalists. John W. Anderson E.J. New York, N.Y. This practitioner of "building socialism in one country" Dearborn, Mich. represents a national-minded bureaucracy that grew up under Stalin, sapping the strength of the world's first workers state. In the name of "peaceful coexistence" with imperialism, this parasitic bureaucracy has betrayed the class struggle and Energy crisis? Three just demands helped crush revolutionary upsurges on a world scale. After reading your article on the As an Attica indictee and subscrib­ Brezhnev' s visit to the U. S. is a continuation of this long energy crisis, I can't help but think er to your informative periodical, Stalinist tradition. The purpose of the summit meeting itself of the B52 bombers over Cambodia, I have taken the time to ask a fa­ is not to work out the various agreements on trade, culture, each of which is consuming about vor. 3,000 gallons of fuel each hour. and technology that are being announced; Nixon administra­ Sixty of us have been indicted by Isn't it interesting how there's not the Special Selected Grand Jury based tion officials admit that these agreements were reached months enough gas to keep small, indepen­ in advance of Brezhnev' s visit. on the Attica massacre. As political dent gasoline stations in business, prisoners we deem it essential to ap­ The purpose of the summit is to promote the developing but there is plenty available to con­ detente between Moscow and Washington. Brezhnev' s message peal to the people via the newspa­ duct an illegal and immoral war pers to support us in our just strug­ to the peoples of the world and of the U. S. is that "peace" is that supposedly ended last January? gle for acquittal against the trumped­ at hand; that conflicts between workers states and capitalist Paulus Gundlach up charges by the state of New states, workers and capitalists, oppressed nations and oppres­ Boston, Mass. York. sor nations, can all be solved through compromise rather The "Three Just Demands of the than struggle; and that the Kremlin bureaucrats will not Indicted Attica Brothers" are: respond with socialist solidarity to struggles of the colonial 1) That the indictments against the peoples for their freedom. Attica Brothers be dismissed. Brezhnev' s message is that the struggles of working peo­ Defense committee misused 2) That the state officials respon­ ple and oppressed nations come second to the narrow interests sible for the conditions that led to In the June 9 issue of The Militant the revolt, and for the mass mur­ of the Kremlin bureaucracy. there was an article by Geoff Mirelo­ der that ended it, be brought to The meaning of the detente for the colonial revolution was witz about the Conference on Racist made clear in 1972, when both Mao and Brezhnev toasted justice. and Political Repression held in Chi­ 3) That the 2 8 just demands of Nixon as U. S. bombers escalated their attacks on Vietnam. cago. Mirelowitz predicted that the the Attica Brothers be implemented The detente has provoked criticism in Hanoi and in the organization formed at that confer­ immediately under the supervision of Arab East. The May 25 issue of the North Vietnamese news­ ence would not be a broad-based, concerned members of the communi­ paper Nhan Dan implicitly rebuked the Kremlin bureaucrats nonexclusive organization that would ty. by attacking Nixon's goal of a "detente among the big powers" defend all movement activists who H. S.D. so that the U.S. can more easily "repress the sma11 nations." are victimized, regardless of their r )­ Buffalo, N. Y. litical views. Palestinian and other Arab newspapers have also raised ques­ In the past couple of weeks I have tions about the meaning of the detente- pointing to the noticed two things about the Commit­ speculation that Brezhnev will make a secret deal with Nixon tee to Defend All Political Prisoners to pressure the Arab regimes into a settlement with Israel that confirm Mirelowitz's pre- at the expense of the Palestinian people. diction. Doesn't pay to complain Many in this country mistakenly look to the detente as a This committee recently sponsored Your readers may be interested to hope for achieving peace in the world. But the way to achieve a demonstration in New York City learn what action the Justice Depart­ peace is not to call Nixon a man of peace and allow him to in support of Carlos Feliciano, the ment has taken about the "wrong continue his policies of domination, aggression, and exploita­ Puerto Rican activist who is being address" raids federal narcotics cops tion throughout the world. There will be no end to wars as framed up on conspiracy charges. carried out recently in Illinois. long as the capitalist system remains. The entire movement, of course, de­ As you reported in the May 11 fends Feliciano, and it is good to Militant, a gang of scruffy-looking hold rallies and demonstrations in narcos broke into two different support of his case. homes in Collinsville, Ill., at the end The Committee to Defend All Polit­ of April and threatened the startled ical Prisoners, however, called this residents with instant death if they demonstration three days before the didn't come up with the drugs they

10 i La Raza en Accidn! Miguei.Pendas

supposedly had hidden away. The cops terrified the two families and Scab grapes for Nixon ransacked both homes before dis­ Grape season is here again. Harvested by strike­ hours-just when farm workers are getting up to covering they had the "wrong breakers protected by Teamster goons and cops, face a long, scorching day in the fields. In the desert, address." the first few boxes of grapes are being shipped out of the sun is already hot by seven a.m. and gets worse The cops have since been slapped the Coachella Valley. No doubt the juiciest, plumpest till afternoon. The heat is so intense that the work on the wrists with five-day suspen­ samples of the scab crop will be rushed off to Wash­ day begins at sunrise (about five a.m.) and ends sions. The victims of the raids have ington, D. C., for the enjoyment of the nation's high­ at one p.m. fared quite a bit worse, however. est official. In the White House kitchen they will be Every time a car or truck rumbles down the dirt Since they had the nerve to protest washed with the greatest of care to remove all traces roads the choking clouds of dust make breathing the raids and file suit against the of the dust and pesticides acquired in the vineyard. almost impossible. Flies, drawn by the fruit, are an government, they are now being in­ Delicate bowls of china or perhaps silver ones of incessant nuisance. When pesticides are applied, many vestigated by the FBI. Talk about colonial design from the White House collection will farm workers fall ill from the poisonous fumes. Some turning the victim into the criminal! be used to display the delectable green and purple have to work day after day with headaches, dizziness, J.O. grapes. Possibly the noble fruit will be served to nausea, decaying fingernails, and sores that won't New York, N.Y. visiting dignitaries as the clinking of champagne heal- all caused by the bug-killer. glasses and the strains of a waltz fill the air. Guests In California, some 7 5 percent of all farm workers will talk and joke into the late hours of the summer are Chicanos. Most of the rest are Filipino, Japanese, night. or Arab. Yet they are forced to work for racist Anglo Perhaps some of the president's friends and political growers, who treat them as inferior beings and order rs STRESS abolished? associates will be invited to sample the long-awaited them around in a foreign language. ·Your obituary on the STRESS terror new crop. Among them might be Teamsters union They try to cheat the workers out of their wages at unit here in Detroit in the June 15 President Frank Fitzsimmons or some of Fitzsim­ every opportunity- as if paying them a miserable Militant, "STRESS police unit abol­ mons's new-found pals among the owners of the vine­ $2.30 an hour isn't bad enough. ished in Detroit," seems a bit pre­ yards in Nixon's home state. Many farm workers do not even have permanent mature. But it's a long way from the White House dining homes and must move from one rundown company The June 11 New York Times car­ room to the vineyards of Coachella Valley in the shack or labor camp to another, following the crops. ried a. lengthy article on the STRESS Southern California desert. Those who have tended Wages of $2.30 an hour won't buy beef tenderloin unit, "Tactics of an Elite Police Unit the vineyards and are now on strike have never for dinner, nor will it hire Meyer Davis's society Election Issue in Detroit," which indi­ been able to enjoy their products in such an elegant band for get-togethers after work. The menu is more cated that STRESS is still operating. atmosphere. likely to consist of beans and tortillas and the enter­ They make no mention of it being Today there is a strike because the life of a Chicano tainment of Mexican corridos played and sung by abolished, although they acknowl­ farm worker is filled with miserable, backbreaking the farm workers themselves. edge the widespread opposition to it. work in the harshest of conditions, with few enjoy­ Their music may not have the elegance of a White I have found The Militant to be ments to make up for it. House orchestra, but as they sing songs of union more truthful and careful than the White House parties end in the early morning solidarity, they have a spirit that is unmatched. New York Times over the years. Who's right this time? D. G. Detroit, Mich.

Reply-Militant reporters confirmed National Picket Line the abolition of the STRESS terror unit with calls to various police de­ partment units in Detroit. Frank Lovell Inspector Frank Blount of the po­ lice department simply said, "STRESS • is abolished" and that an announce­ ment would be made in the future Problems in printing trades when the department's "reorganiza­ A letter from a printer in Melbc,urne, Australia, gives nearby union shops where the wage scale is lower, tion" is completed. evidence of the uniformity of capitalist technology others to nonunion printers. We called the first precinct and on a world scale. Little time is required for the most asked for the "STRESS department." advanced methods of labor exploitation to expand In recent years the publishers have set up an open The receptionist answered that it around the world, affecting wages and jobs in every shop organization, Master Printers of America, which "doesn't exist" and referred us to the country. campaigns against unionism. Felony Prevention Section. We asked Our _Australian correspondent says the firm he More books and other materials are printed now, the Felony Prevention Section if works for is "introducing a new Optical Recognition but with a constantly decreasing number of workers. "STRESS was still around. Does it Machine," one of the first in his country. He asks: And the average wage is declining, not rising. Un­ still exist?" The answer was, "No, it what has been the effect of similar machinery in organized teletype operators in some areas start at doesn't exist any longer." the U.S.; how did the printing trades unions here the minimum of $1.60 an hour. In New York the Acivists also confirm that STRESS fight job replacement by the new production methods; union scale is $7.50. has not been operating in neighbor­ and what tricks and deals were used by American In the current New York newspaper negotiations, hoods where it had patrolled pre­ bosses to install the new machinery and reduce the the publishers of the New York Times are demand­ viously. workforce. ing unrestricted use of the new automated equip­ The Times article is dated. The Printers in this country are asking the same ques­ ment. They also b~lk at raising wages a modest quotes from mayoral candidate Mel tions, even though the new processes are in more 6 percent at a time when food prices rose 40 percent Ravitz, for instance, appeared in De­ general use here. in the past year. troit newspapers several months ago. These proces11es were introduced piecemeal over Bertram Powers, president of the New York Typo­ time, beginning more than 10 years ago. It has graphical Union No. 6, sees automation as the more taken that long to develop the most advanced com­ important issue.. He says, "I accept the Times' po­ puterized typesetting systems. With the new cold-type sition that automation will call for fewer people, Husband's 'precious issue' paste-up method, all typeset copy can be stored in but we want to arrive at a reduced figure without the computer memory bank. Changes can be made I would like to take you up on your casualties. This can be brought about by incentive at any time, and the computer automatically reruns introductory offer of $1 for three retirements and normal attrition." the corrected paragraph or any part of the original months. copy. This eliminates the work of floor men and This is a rearguard action, striving to retain con­ I do not have the coupon enclosed trol of a constantly shrinking job market in the because my husband will not allow many proofreaders in the old style hot-metal print unionized sector. me to cut up his precious issue. Ac­ shops. The only answer to all of this is to cast aside tually, I can't blame him. Such highly advanced methods are not yet in gen­ all craft divisions and organize the unorganized H.P. eral use because the capital investment exceeds $1- San Francisco, Cplif. million. However, cold type is common. And tele­ workers along industrial lines- everybody from sec­ type tape is used to feed the old-style linotype ma­ retaries to delivery drivers in one union. The Cleve­ chines, an advance that eliminates many printers land Typographical Union Local 53 has belatedly in the shops that still use lead lineslugs. embarked on this course in an effort to organize Over the past several years the International Typo­ all printing industry workers in the Cleveland area. graphical Union ( ITU) has forced the publishers If there is anything the printers in Australia can to retain all presently employed printers. No one learn from the sad experience of union men and The letters column is an open forum was ever fired because the job was taken over by women in the U. S. printing trades, it is that they for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ a machine. But when workers quit, are fired for should quickly submerge their craft prejudices and eral interest to our readers. Please cause, or retire, they are not replaced. start organizing under the banner of a single union keep your letters brief. Where nee~ Other changes have weakened the unions in this for a reduction in the hours of work with no cut sary they will be abridged. Please in­ industry. Many metropolitan capitalist papers have in take-home pay. This is necessary to compensate dicate if your name may be used or gone out of business in the past 15 years. New York for technological displacement of jobs. if you prefer that your initials be used book publishers have moved their operations out­ An escalator clause in every union contract is also instead. side the jurisdiction of the local unions, some to essential to keep wages fully abreast of rising prices.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 11 The Great Society Harry Ring

Current definition- CIA: Caught In No honor among thieves?- The en­ ranks are pressing for a new union the Act. gines of three police cars and two contract reestablishing slavery so they "We Are Poor Little Lambs motorcycles coughed and died one re­ could be even happier. Who Have Lost Our Way. Not to mention pigs in high places­ cent afternoon in Riverside, Calif. Blah - Blah - Blah - " President Nixon advised ex-POW John Mechanics found that the last batch They should switch to assembly line­ Dramesi: "Watch out for some of those of gas from the department's supplier, An American Management Association dogs you have to sit by" at Wash­ Standard Oil, had been diluted with survey showed that "an alarming" 52 ington parties. Correcting himself, the water. percent of supervisory managers president added, "No, there are some found their work "at best, unsatisfy­ very nice girls in Washington." Of course, of course- An estimated ing." Thirty percent felt their work 115,000 gallons of radioactive waste had adversely affected their health. .. Be Prepared"- According to Holly­ seeped into the ground from a leaky wood columnist Joyce Haber, writer storage tank at the Hanford Atomic The other 20 percent work at GM­ Adela Rogers St. John, who reportedly Works near Richland, Wash. It was Herbert Greenberg, a Princeton psy­ had a hand in the Checkers speech, is the largest of 16 such leaks since chologist and pollster, said 80 percent rumored working on a contingency 1958. An AEC representative said it of working Americans were dissatis­ resignation. would take 150 years for the radio­ fied with their jobs. He said they felt activity to decay and assured there frustrated much of their lives, hated TV shoot-out- A Redding, Calif. man was no danger to the public. to get up in the morning, and once was jailed for firing 17 rifle shots into on the job, looked forward all day his TV. Apparently he was just ticked to quitting time. off by the outcome of a ball game. Note to science fiction buffs- Attack­ "Didn't you ever want to shoot your ing "blue-collar blues" as a press fic­ We should have known- Leonid TV?" he asked the arresting officers. tion, General Motors is promoting a Brezhnev confessed to a West German He was charged with shooting in an film they say shows that workers reporter that in addition to his cigarette inhabited building and kicking out aren't unhappy and that the speed of case with the time lock that is sup­ the window of the police car that took the assembly line doesn't determine posed to limit his smoking, "I have him to jail. how hard they work. We've heard the a reserve pack in the other pocket." Women In Revolt Linda Jenness:.,~·: .. Union women getting it together ·, At a meeting on May 29 with members of seven some of the main demands of the feminist struggle free and open collective bargaining. women's organizations, Secretary of Labor Peter and discussed how to fight for these goals through The first annual meeting of the Cleveland Coun­ Brennan pledged a nationwide "Partnership with their unions. cil of Union Women will be held June 24 at the Women." "There is no reason qualified women Among the resolutions passed were: support to American Federation of State, County and Munici­ should not be able to w.ork where and when they the Farah strike and the United Farm Workers pal Employees Hall, 1925 St. Clair Ave., in Cleve­ want, at jobs they want to do," Brennan said. Union; support to the child-care campaign initiated land, beginning at 1 p.m. "Every American has that basic right." by the San Francisco Child and Parent Action co­ This group, which was organized last July by Since waiting-for Brennan to make good on his alition;_ calling on the California Labor Federation 10 women from eight local AFL-CIO unions, has pledge might be like waiting for the cows to come to establish a women's division; and to make the been fighting to gain support for the ERA from home, several groups of union women are orga­ extension of protective work laws to men a top the Ohio labor movement. nizing for themselves. legislative priority. Unfortunately, the conference In an open letter to union women, the Cleveland On May 19 and 20 the California State Federa­ did not go on record in support of the Equal Council of Union Women says: "Our purpose is to tion of Labor, AFL-CIO, held its first women's Rights Amendment. unite in the labor movement for effective action in conference. 300 women and a small number of Speeches and panels were held on negotiating achieving a complete partnership with our union men, representing many unions, met at the Jack women's issues in contracts, organizing unorga­ brothers in ·order to better serve the interest of all Tar Hotel in San Francisco. nized women, women and the law, and many other working people. The State Federation of Labor agreed at its topics. "We are no longer satisfied with our minor role last convention to hold the conference but did very In Chicago, a committee of rank and file steel­ in the labor movement. While some of us have little to build it or encourage women to attend. workers of Local · 65 is running a slate of candi-· achieved some recognition, our aim is to edu­ Most of the organizing was done by a group called dates in the union elections to be held June 27. cate, encourage and assist in whatever way pos­ Union Women's Alliance to Gain Equality. This committee, called Steelworkers for Change, sible all labor women in Cleveland to have more The conference reflected the impact that the wom­ is running Alice Peurala for president of the local. of a voice not only within their own unions, but en's rights movement has had on working women Steelworkers for Change is fighting for the right within the entire local, state and national labor and the trade unions. The women identified with to strike, the right to vote on contracts, and for movement."

By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith Detente and Rhodesian chrome Shortly after Rhodesia declared its independence Nixon's racist policies on the African continent. peace," as part of the detente between Washington from Britain in 1965, the United Nations imposed In the UN itself, the Security Council voted last and Moscow, is better facilitated by repeal of the voluntary sanctions against trade with the white­ April to "urge" Washington to "revoke its existing measure. settler regime. Two years later, in 1967, the UN legislation permitting the importation of minerals The Byrd amendment was originally passed so followed this up with mandatory sanctions, the from Southern Rhodesia." Then we heard the argu­ that Washington could import chrome from frrst time it had ever taken such a move. ment that the government had to take into account Rhodesia and thus avoid a "heavy dependence" Although most nations have adhered to the sanc­ its legislation on "strategic materials" before it could on the Soviet Union-the cold war line. Since the tions, the U.S. partially bailed out the Ian Smith reach a decision. detente, Brezhnev has offered to supply the U.S. regime in October 1971. At that time, Congress Washington has apparently felt the pressure. On with all the chrome it needs. He hopes to Sf:•are okayed a bill permitting U.S. companies to import June 13 a speech of John Scali, U.S. representative Nixon the embarrassment that goes along with chrome ore and other Rhodesian goods considered to the UN, was inserted into the Congressional violating UN sanctions. of "strategic value." The bill, which became known Record. In the speech, Scali urged congressional Washington, in the interest of detente and see:ng as the Byrd amendment, resulted in U.S. imports action on proposed legislation to repeal the amend­ a cheap way of abiding by the UN sanctions, will in 1972 of more than $13-million in Rhodesian ment. no doubt take the Kremlin up on its offer. chrome, ferrochrome, and nickel. Scali stated, "The evidence is mounting that this Meanwhile, Scali was careful to make clear that amendment not only damages America's image the Nixon administration has no intention of aban­ Since then, Washington has come under increased and reputation as a law-abiding nation, but it also doning its overall racist policies in. southern Africa. attack both abroad and in this country. Numerous has net economic disadvantages as well." The latter In closing his speech, he proudly cited his "recent church groups, as well as Black students and is always a persuasive argument in the hallowed veto of a resolution calling for an extension of longshoremen, have protested the U.S.'s coddling halls of Congress. economic sanctions, now in force against trade with of Rhodesia. Thousands marched last month on Jje went on to explain that the "step-by-step hn­ Rhodesia, to cover South Africa and Portuguese African Liberation Day, demanding an end to provement in Soviet-American cooperation for territories."

12 utlook A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTlNG THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

JUNE 29, 1973

Bulwark for imP-erialism Shah's military buildup aims at domination of Arab-Persian Gulf those who- help themselves. That's equipment. More than half of the By Dianne Feeley what we're doing." package consists of several hundred helicopters and interceptors. Iran's In a speech to the U.S. Senate in Washington's Complicity 1973 military budget represents a 45 May, William Fulbright expressed percent increase over 1972. Announce­ concern that the U.S. government And, indeed, the Nixon administra­ ment of the arms deal touched off dem­ might move to take over oil-produc­ tion is backing the shah to the hilt. onstrations at universities throughout ing Arab countries either directly or Already more than 11,000 Iranian Iran. through "militarily potent surrogates" officers and soldiers have received The shah's troops were called in, - Israel or Iran. military training in the U.S. It is the universities were closed, and, ac­ Both these countries have played acknowledged that more than 1,000 cording to Le Monde, at least sixteen pivotal roles in the Arab East, siding U.S. military personnel are now sta­ people were killed. with U.S. imperialism against any tioned in Iran. This represents one Nixon's ties to the shah's regime revolutionary activities. Israel's mili­ of the largest military "aid" programs were strengthened by the appointment tary power is well known. But al­ in Asia. Three generals direct the in January of Richard Helms, former though the strengthening of the shah's operations, which include training the director of the Central Intelligence armed forces has been accomplished Iranian army, "advising" the rural Agency, as U.S. ambassador to Iran. with far less fanfare, Teheran's mili­ police force (responsible for patrolling A leading administrator of the CIA tary buildup has been no less real. 80 percent of the country), handling in 1953, when a CIA-engineered coup The May 21 Newsweek characterized air force cargo, as well as organizing overthrew Dr. Mossadegh's govern­ the expansion of the shah's armed the maintenance of the sophisticated ment and returned the shah to power, capabilities as "the world's biggest armaments and planes purchased Helms was to utilize his past in his military buildup since the American new position as ambassador. deployment in Vietnam," As right-wing commentator Joseph U.S. imperialism's preoccupation Alsop wrote in the Washington Post, with the Arab-Persian Gulf region is "Helms has two jobs. The first job is well-founded. The area contains 60- to assure the U.S. of an adequate 75 percent of the world's proven oil supply of Iranian oil- and therefore reserves. Further, the narrow Strait non-Arab oil- in case of political dif­ of Hormuz, at the eastern end of the ficulties with the Arab oil-producers. Gulf, has been called Europe and Ja­ The second job is to give added tough­ pan's "oil jugular vein." Every twelve ness, direction and support to the to sixteen minutes an oil tanker passes Shah of Iran's effort to safeguard free­ through the Strait, heading for the dom of navigation in the Persian Gulf." New additions to Iranian air force, army, Indian Ocean, and thence to West Eu­ The United States is the world's marines. rope or Japan. largest oil consumer. Currently it When British imperialism withdrew imports 8-11 million barrels a day its forces from the area in 1971, U.S. from the Middle East, about 10% per­ livery. In addition, the shah exchanges imperialism, acting in large part cent of its total consumption. But by intelligence reports on military devel­ through the shah's regime, moved to 1980 that proportion is expected to opments throughout the Middle East establish tight control. rise to 25 percent. In addition to its with both the United States and Israel. The shah's expanding military pow­ involvement in the gulf as an oil­ The shah's military maneuvers in the er in the gulf area has been paralleled consuming state, the U.S. regime is gulf are part of this pattern. by rising interest and involvement by committed to protecting the invest­ The shah's support to the Zionist the Teheran government in areas fur­ SHAH: 'The U. 5. will help those who help ments of the giant oil companies that state of Israel is seen in his supplying ther east as well. This has taken the themselves.' reap a 55 percent return on petroleum Israel with most of the oil it needs form of closer relations between the investment in the Middle East. and providing Israeli tankers with shah and the Zulfikar Ali Bhutto re­ from the United States. In fact, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and naval protection in the Arab-Persian gime in Pakistan. In addition to advising the infantry, Iran, the three largest oil-producing Gulf. Hundreds of Iranian military The shah's first significant military the U.S. military is assigned to two countries in the gulf- among the most personnel have been given advanced move in the gulf came on November naval bases, Khurramshahr and Aha­ repressive governments in the world­ training in Israel. 30, 1971, when the Iranian army took den, which border on Iraq, near the have been militarily well equipped by control over three islands command­ Arab-Persian Gulf. There are also Washington. In May the Pentagon an­ The Shah's Presence in the Gulf ing the western approach to the Strait more than 300 U.S. "civilian person­ nounced the sale of $500 million in of Hormuz- Greater Tunb, Lesser nel" working to train pilots and me­ arms to Saudi Arabia and acknowl­ The shah's plan to control the Arab­ Tunb, and Abu Mussa. The total Arab ch anics in the use and repair of heli­ edged a similar sale it is working Persian Gulf includes establishing a population of the islands was about copters. out with Kuwait, in addition to the checkpoint in the twenty-six-mile-wide 450. On Greater Tunb the entire pop­ Washington has had a military as­ $2-3 thousand million worth of arms Strait of Hormuz. Iran and Oman ulation was expelled; three Arabs were sistance agreement with Teheran since going to Iran. would exercise "joint control," but killed resisting. 1949. About $800 million in military A year and a half ago the December given the shah's superior military The shah proceeded to build mili­ aid has been given. But since 1968, 4, 1971, London Economist noted: force, Teheran would be the dominat­ tary bases on two of the islands, thus when the British government an­ "Iran is being equipped with American ing party. This move may well set fortifying his hegemony in the gulf. nounced its intention of withdrawing aircraft, British tanks . . . to be the the stage for undercutting the oil­ In an interview with Newsweek se­ its military forces from the Arab­ defender of Western interest in the producing Arab states' demands for nior editor Arnaud DeBorchgrave, the Persian Gulf, Washington has stepped Middle East." The close relationship a greater share of oil profits. As. shah explained his military expansion: up arms sales to Iran. that has developed between the shah Neil Ulman, reporting in the May "Not only do we have national re­ In early 1973 the U.S. Defense De­ and the Nixon administration has 4 Wall Street Journal, remarked: "Talk sponsibilities but also a world role partment announced the biggest single been amply illustrated by the shah's of America's energy crisis has been as guardian and protector of 60% arms deal ever arranged by the readiness to supply the Thieu regime widely reported and read in the Mid­ of the world's oil reserves.... The Pentagon- the shah would buy $2-3 with Phantom jets when Nixon was dle East and used to explain why the Nixon doctrine says the U.S. will help thousand million in the latest military unable to make a quick enough de- Continued on following page World Outlook W0/2

portance of Bhutto's visit to Teheran by ordering a horse-drawn coach­ usually reserved for visiting royalty­ for the Pakistani president. The two ... Shah builds bulwark for imperialism rulers decided to "expand and system­ atize" their ties in the areas of defense Continued from first page Iricon group (5% ). That group is Persian Gulf into the Indian Ocean. and economic development. U.S. might want Israel and Iran to composed of American Independent Recently the shah worked out an Given the fact that as recently as Jan­ grab Arab oil on its beha1f." Oil, Atlantic Richfield, Charter Oil, arrangement with the island of Mauri­ uary 28 news agencies reported that In addition, Iran's military presence Continental Oil, Getty Oil, and Stan­ tius, situated off Madagascar, where­ Pakistani troops were pursuing a force Is designed to damp revolutionary ac­ dard Oil of Ohio. by Iran has port facilities in exchange of "up to 500 Baluchi rebels" into the tivity throughout the gulf as well Although the terms of the agreement for an undisclosed amount of aid. mountains not far from the Iranian as stop shipments of arms to such do not expire until 1978, in early The Soviet Union also has fuel and border, the development of the two . groups as the Popular Front for the 1973 the shah "demanded" that the water facilities on Mauritius, as well military bases in Iranian Baluchistan Liberation of Oman and the Occupied consortium either hand over its opera­ as a naval base at Berbera, in puts force behind the shah's pledge. Arab Gulf. tions in 1978 or arrange a new, Somallland, on the Gulf of Aden. It is also possible to understand the Only recently the shah sent nine heli­ twenty-year supply contract. Not sur­ In addition, the shah Is building shah's plan to provide roads, schools, copters and at least a company of prisingly, the consortium opted for the two giant military bases on the In­ jobs, and housing for Baluchistan, marines to help Oman crush revolu­ new contract, and only details and the dian Ocean, at Chah Bahar and Jask. in an attempt to establish more effec­ tionary activity in its oil fields, accord­ actual signing remain. Under the new The $600 million army, navy, and tive control over the area- to "Per­ ing to a May 21 Newsweek report. agreement, the consortium will still air force base at Chah Bahar Bay in sianize" Baluchistan. Estimates on the number of troops hold exclusive right to the bulk of sent to Oman vary from the frequent­ crude oil coming from Iran. The shah ly quoted figure of 300 to the Los will withhold a part of the oil pro­ Angeles Times report of 2,900. (De­ duced hotlY for Iranian consumption cember 7, 1972). In addition 80 per­ and for export, and un.der the terms cent of Iran's infantry is deployed of the old pact, the operating terri­ along Iraq's frontier. Clashes are fre­ tory will be reduced by 30 percent. quent between the shah's forces and The shah's government will assume Iraqi troops. primary responsibility for running Of this general situation the shah and financing the petroleum opera­ commented in his interview with De­ tions, while the consortium will con­ 7.:::': DAILY OIL SHIPMENTS SAUDI ARABIA .... 7.200,000 Barrels Borchgrave: "Some of the regimes on tinue to provide operating services IIIAII .... 6,100,000 KUWAIT .... 3,400,000 the other side of the gulf may be over­ and technical assistance. · IRAQ .... 1,600,000 ABU DHABI. ... 1,400,000 The consortium spokesmen pointed QATAR. . . . 613,000 thrown by extremists and the subver­ OMAN .... 280,000 DUBAI.. .. 210,000 sive activities now going on. If [the out that the finances of the new agree­ BAHRAIN. . 68,000 Dhofar rebellion in Oman] ever suc­ ment were comparable to those mAL ... 20.171.110Barrels ceeded, just try to imagine what worked out by the other gulf states ,r MILES we would be faced with ... right in last January. The shah's oil con­ front of the Strait of Hormuz. At first sultant in Teheran added that the pact a few rifles. And then naval guns and would provide long-term stability, in­ missiles. . . . I cannot tolerate sub­ suring "the continuous flow of crude versive activities- and by that I mean oil to the markets supplied by the oil anything that is imposed from the companies." Iranian Baluchistan will be the largest But wherever the shah turns, nation­ outside.... If [the Iraqis] started at of its kind in the Indian Ocean. Al­ alist demands for self-determination breakfast, they could probably take Shah's Front on the Indian Ocean though the shah insists it will be finish­ spring up. His determination to wipe over Kuwait by lunchtime. But if the ed by 1975, the American contractors out the revolutionary movement in Kuwaiti government resisted and ask­ The shah's policies are closely linked estimate it will take at least three to Oman Is closely related to his own security problems. There are 50,000 ed for my help, they would get it to those of the U. S. government, four years to complete. instantly." and thus reflect the Moscow-Washing­ These huge bases are to perform Baluchis working in the small gulf ton and Peking-Washington detentes. internal as well as external functions. states, and if they link up with the Iranian Oil Iran recently signed a $600 million They are situated in Baluchistan, an revolutionary movement in the gulf contract with the Kremlin to supply area inhabited by 750,000 Baluchi states or if the Baluchis living in As the fourth largest oil-producing the Soviet Union with natural gas. tribespeople who are united by cul­ Pakistan are able to win the struggle country in the world, and as the And the shah's wife visited China last ture and language with one million for self-determination, the effect would second largest in the Middle East, Iran year, where she received a far more Baluchis who live in Pakistan. They be far-reaching. In addition to up­ produces 5.8 million barrels a day. lavish welcome than did Nguyen Thi are mainly farmers or nomads. Al­ setting the balance of power in the The shah, upon returning to power in Binh, foreign minister of the Pro­ though most of rural Iran Is extremely Arab-Persian Gulf, such a develop­ 1953, signed a twenty-five-year agree­ visional Revolutionary Government of poor- half of all villages are not ac­ ment would give added momentum ment with the Western oil consortium South Vietnam. cessible by road, life expectancy is to national struggles in Iran. that produces 92 percent of Iran's But when the shah visited the Soviet forty-five years, and the illiteracy rate is high- Baluchistan is one of the oil in an operating territory of 30,000 Union, he reportedly told Premier Ko­ Nixon's Last Option. square miles in southern Iran. Mem­ sygin that it would be wise to halt most poverty-stricken areas of the bers of the consortium include British operation of the Soviet naval ships country. In Nixon's message on the "energy Petroleum ( 40% ), Shell Petroleum in the gulf. While the shah is willing As a direct result of the Bangladesh national struggle, the Baluchi nation­ crisis" in April 1973, he spoke of the (14% ), Gulf Oil (7% ), Mobil Oil (7% ), to work out profitable financial agree­ need for "mutual cooperation" rather Standard Oil of California (7% ), Ex­ ments with Moscow and Peking, he alist movement is gaining strength. And a Baluchi movement for self­ than "destructive competition or xon (7% ), Texaco (7% ), Compagnie is also beginning to expand his sphere dangerous confrontation." By co­ Fran~alse des Petroles (6% ), and the of influence even beyond the Arab- determination would not only hinder the shah's attempts to become a power operation he means support to the on the Indian Ocean; it could well shah's plan and forcing the Arab unleash the struggles of the other countries into line. But the stakes are oppressed nationalities living in so high that there are other options. Iran- Arabs, Kurds, and Azerbaid­ Peter Grose, a member of the New zhanis. York Times editorial board, outlined a Western security pact modeled on the cold war strategy of a quarter-century The Link With BhuHo ago. "Walter J. Levy, an American With such a potentially explosive petroleum consultant who has gone national situation, it is no wonder further than anyone in designing an that the ·shah considers Pakistan's Atlantic-Japanese energy partnership," safety as important as his own. The Grose wrote, "argues that neither the shah speaks of the Bengalis' struggle Common Market nor Japan nor both for national independence as the "dis­ units together could amass enough memberment of Pakistan" and has re­ leverage, without United States partici­ peatedly pledged his support to pation, to break the stranglehold Rawalpindi if other national groups which the oil producing countries within Pakistan attempt to form their could soon acquire on the ~dustrial own nation-state. societies." The shah has taken steps to cement Nixon is apparently not prepared .. close ties with Bhutto, including ex­ to use that option at this point. The panding Pakistan-Iran trade and regimes in Israel and Iran have thus channeling Iranian investment to far been able to do Washington's Alrique-Asie Pakistan. At a May 9-14 conference work. But this weapon lies in the Revolutionary fighters in Dhofar, an internal colony of Oman. Shah sent marines with Bhutto (the second one to be held American arsenal, should Nixon's to help beat back rebel forces. in 1973), the shah emphasized the im- friends prove unreliable in the future.O W0/3

~P. toward crackdown on labor militants Shah steps up frame-ups, Peron opens attack on Trotskyists' By Gerry Foley and Jorge Molina- denied that the which announced its determination in ERP was Trotskyist: its news conference to continue the executions "The ERP is not Trotskyist. It has fight until the "final triumph," the "so­ "'Get the Trotskyists!' This is the an anti-imperialist and socialist cialist revolution." The latter is clearly Seven Iranians are on trial for their watchword in the Peronist ranks and program, and includes Marxists, not part of the "strategy formulated lives in an "open" trial, according to among the government's allies," cor­ Peronists, and Christians. Of its mem­ by General Per6n." the June 6 air-mail edition of the semi­ respondent Philippe Labreveux report­ bers, 38 percent are workers, they The statement of the two Peronist official Teheran daily Ettelatt. The ed in the June 6 Le Monde. "Hardly said. groups, according to a June 8 AP paper gave their names as Akbar Izad had ex-President Juan Per6n sent out "The Partido Revolucionario de los dispatch, included a vow to "destroy Panah, Nematallah Ayouz Mohamma­ the word from Madrid, where he is Trabajadores exercises leadership and any guerrilla groups that opposed the di, Raheem Banani, Manouchehr Na­ preparing for his final return, than defines itself as Marxist-Leninist. It Campora Government." But no such. havandi, Akbar Kanani, Kourosh the trade unions, the youth groups, was linked to the 'Fourth Internation­ pledge was mentioned in the Clarin Yektai, and Simeen Nahavandi. and several other organizations of the al' but 'we have moved away.'" [Em­ report. The six men and one woman are national Social Justice Movement phasis in original.] charged with carrying ammunition, launched a chorus of virulent attacks Another guerrilla group that , has trying to kidnap former U.S. Ambas­ against 'extremists' of all stripes." continued its operations since the elec­ sador Douglas MacArthur II, armed The blast from "el lider," according tion is the August 22 ERP, a split-off robbery, car theft, and actions against to Labreveux, was part of an opera­ from the ERP. The August 22 ERP, the security of the state. tion aimed at curbing the guerrilla however, has given political support The new trial follows the execution movements and the left wing of the to the Peronists. It called for a vote of eight persons in Ahwaz, an Arab Peronist movement and harnessing for Campora and the other Peronist region in southern Iran. The eight them to the new government. Such candidates in the March 11 elections. were tried in military court on charges attacks obviously set the stage for Since the elections, the ERP and the of espionage and treason. asserting tight control of the mass Peronist guerrilla organizations have The announcement of their execution movement and for isolating the more tended to diverge. "The Peronists, by firing squad in the May 28 Ettelatt militant opposition groups. while they have not failed to point was the first mention of the trials. The immediate target of Per6n's at­ up the contradictions existing in the Two more people were executed June tack was apparently the ERP [Ejer­ FREJULI [Frente Justicialista de 4 in Ahwaz on charges of spying. cito Revolucionario del Pueblo- Rev­ Liberaci6n- Liberation Front for After their execution, the shah's press olutionary Army of the People], which Social Justice], have obviously closed reported their names as Abd Mousavi refused to go along with Campora's ranks around the elected authorities," and Yakoub Mousavl call for a truce and has expressed its a commentator noted in the May 29 In another incident, Colonel L. determination to continue its com­ issue of La Opini6n. Hawkins, a U.S. adviser who had mando operations. In his article in the June 6 Le been in Iran for ten months, was shot Monde, Labreveux stressed the ties and killed in front of his house in of the Peronist and non-Peronist or­ ganizations in the preelection period. A communication from the Ira­ "But for conscientious guerrillas, re­ conversion is not easy, and all the nian Students Association reports PERON: 'Get the extremists.' that a secret federal grand ;ury more so because the Peronists of certain clandestine groups and the in San Francisco has indicted six Trotskyists of the ERP have carried International pressure is obviously supporters of the ISA on charges out joint actions and, it is believed, being put on the Campora govern­ of 11 assaulting" an official of the help each other, particularly by sup­ ment to liquidate the guerrilla activity Iranian consulate there. The plying arms and money to cells that as soon as possible. charges stem from a conference need them without making any ide­ But the Peronist leadership has its held by the consulate at which ological distinctions. "It seems improbable, therefore, that own urgent domestic reasons for iso­ Iranian students expressed oppo­ the Peronist guerrillas will turn over lating and eliminating "extremists," sition to the shah's policies. The their arms to the government and and the guerrillas are the indicated indictments show the collusion be­ abandon clandestinity." place to start. As Labreveux noted in tween the shah's agents and the Nevertheless, the centrifugal pres­ his June 6 article: "Per6n's offensive against the Trot­ FBI to victimize Iranian critics of SANTUCHO: 'ERP is not Trotskyist.' sures seem to be very great. The skyists, and more broadly against the the shah's dictatorship. For infor­ Peronist guerrilla groups, the Mon­ toneros and the FAR [Fuerzas Arma­ 'extremists' in his own movement who mation on how you can help the Per6n made a statement referring das Revolucionarias- Revolutionary advocate the establishment of a social­ defense efforts for the six, write: to "Trotskyist provocateurs," accord­ Armed Forces] held a press conference ist regime, has been favorably re­ /SA, G. P. 0. Box 1639, New York, ing to the May 30 issue of the Buenos the same day as the ERP. The spokes­ ceived in those trade-union circles that N.Y. 10001. Aires daily La Opini6n. He did so men of the two organizations, Mario are favorite targets of the guerrillas, in response to reports in a Spanish Eduardo Firmenich for the Montone­ considered by them to be 'traitors to Teheran June 2 by two persons who monarchist magazine that far-left ros and Roberto Quieto for the FAR, the working class.' Jose Rucci and the escaped on a motorcycle. groups had participated in an attempt took a stern and threatening tone to­ leaders of the CGT [Confederaci6n U.S. Ambassador Richard Helms­ early May 26 to storm the Villa De­ ward their non-Peronist erstwhile com­ General del Trabajo- General Con­ a high CIA official in 1953, when voto Prison in the Argentine capital. rades in arms. federation of Labor] are beginning to Two youths were killed when prison the agency engineered the overthrow "We 'tell the ERP," Firmenich said, raise their heads. Once again they guards opened fire on the crowd; one of the Mossadegh government, and according to the June 9 Clarin, "that feel protected and even favored by was a Peronist. The leadership of the director of the CIA for seven years in our country you have to accept Per6n, who sent them a warm message Juventud Peronista ( Peronist Youth) before his present assignment­ the historical experience of our people, of support last week on the occasion blamed members of the ERP, among which is Peronism." Both spokesmen described the killing as a "meaningless of the special convention of the labor others, for provoking the incident. said that they had invited the ERP murder"! federation." In a news conference June 8 in Bue­ to reflect and to test their position The World Confederation of Iranian nos Aires, however, leaders of the ERP with the masses. At the present time, the CGT bureau­ Students issued a statement May 27 denied that their organization was The Clarin report continued: "They crats are especially anxious to silence in Frankfurt, West Germany, on the involved in the attack on the prison. said that if the ERP or any other criticism from the left. report that the seven are being tried In the June 9 issue of the Buenos organization calls for revolutionary "Strengthened by Per6n's support, in an "open" court. The confederation Aires daily Clari n, their statements unity, 'it must realize that the only the leaders of the CGT are now go­ pointed to the shah's past record of were summarized as follows: unity possible is around the Peronist ing to be able to conclude the negotia­ excluding from trials not only report~ "The ERP had absolutely nothing movement.' But they did describe as tions initiated with the CGE [Confede­ ers and international observers, but to do with the attempt to take the 'so-called commands' those groups raci6n General Economico- General even the immediate families of the ac­ Villa Devoto Prison in the early morn­ that are attacking the ERP from a Confederation of Business] and Jose cused. ing of May 26. They claimed that McCarthyite position." Gelbard, the minister of finance, with At a conference of Amnesty Inter­ the shots came from inside the prison But more importantly, Firmenich a view toward establishing a 'social national in Geneva May 15, a repre­ and from a cellblock. They do not and Quieto stressed that their orga­ truce' and launching a plan of sentative of the confederation ad­ exclude the possibility of an attempt nizations "form part of the Peronist economic stabilization. This austerity dressed the 1,500 participants on the to force the door of the prison, but movement, whose leader is General program will seek to assign the sacri­ shah's systematic torture of political they don't know what the source of Per6n. Therefore, we follow the strat­ fices necessary for straightening out prisoners. The purpose of the confer­ it was." egy formulated by General Per6n." So, the country's finances. But freezing ence was to launch an international Furthermore, the four spokesmen­ it is hard to see how anything but prices and, to a certain extent, wages campaign against the torture of Roberto Mario Santucho, Jorge Benito a head-on collision is possible between threatens to provoke serious discon­ prisoners. 0 Urteaga, Enrique Haroldo Gorriaran, the Peronist guerrillas and the ERP, tent, or at least disappointment." 0 World Outlook W0/4

Progose stegs to a socialist Argentina Revolutionists oppose Peronist 'social truce' The Peronists invited all the Argen­ of 150,000 old pesos a month, as tine parties to a second meeting in well as a sliding scale of wages to the Nino restaurant in Buenos Aires compensate for inflation. on May 22. The first meeting took Instead of relying on European cap­ place shortly after Per6n's arrival in ital to replace U.S. capital, the PST the country before the elections and maintained, the only way to develop was closed to the press. The PST (Par­ the country is through the develop­ tido Socialista de los Trabajadores­ ment of an internal market by raising Socialist Workers party) refused to. the living standard of the workers attend this gathering on the grounds and through internal saving. This re­ that it was opposed in principle to quires establishing a state monopoly secret political negotiations. The party of foreign trade and repudiating the agreed to participate in the second, foreign debt which now totals since it offered the possibility of dis­ US$7,000 million. cussing the future of the country in the "This debt has been contracted by presence of the press and therefore illegitimate or dictatorial governments that had no right to mortgage the in front of the Argentine people. The Fred Halstead PST set forth its positions in an ed­ future of/the entire nation. Strict cur­ The PST ran a slate of more than 2,000 candidates in the recent Argentine elections, itorial statement in the May 23 issue rency control and nationalizing the using the campaign to expose Peron's party as a capitalist party and to promote of its weekly paper, Avanzada Socia­ banks and foreign trade ... will en­ mobilizations of the masses of workers in struggle. lista. able us to stop the foreign monopolies In the first place it hailed the Peron­ - both European and American - landowners organization], the CGE are still intact. And this means fight­ ists' promises to restore political de­ from draining off the national wealth [Confederaci6n General Econ6mica­ ing for the profound structural mocracy: of the country and the labor of the General Business Federation], the Un­ changes that alone can bring peace "We agree fully with the proposals workers with impunity as they are i6n Industrial Argentina [Argentine to the society." to guarantee and broaden the liber­ doing now." Manufacturers' Association], or the monopolies, unless they stop exploit­ ties and rights granted by the con­ The statement also called for na­ In his speech at the Nino, Coral ing the workers and the country. stitution, involving full respect for mi­ tionalizing the foreign monopolies. pointed out that only a government Hence our position and our advice norities. But it stressed: "The workers must be directly representing the workers "We hold this position not because the ones to supervise their function­ to the workers must be brief and to would be able to implement consistent-. ly the basic changes the PST calls at this stage we find ourselves tem­ ing. Administration by state-appointed the point: Don't let down your guard porarily in a minority. In the rev­ functionaries has proved totally in­ while the oligarchy and imperialism for. D olutionary left, our party is distin­ efficient." guished by its adherence to profound­ At the Nino meeting, Juan Carlos ly democratic principles, which lead Coral, the presidential candidate of us to struggle uncompromisingly for the PST, repeated these demands, and Haiti under 'Baby Doc' is feature liberation from authoritarianism in all added: fields, against bureaucratic domina­ "We must forcibly repatriate the in new issue of USlA Reporter tion in the unions, imperialist domina­ $8,000 million that has been taken tion of the nation, and capitalist ex­ out of the country through the looting Mistreatment of political prisoners ploitation of the society." of foreign entrepreneurs and Argen­ in Haiti today is unparalleled any­ The first step toward the establish­ tine financiers; we must block the mo­ where in the world, according to an ment of democratic liberties, the state­ nopolies from shipping any profits article in the June-July-August issue ment said, should be full amnesty for out of the country." of the USLA Reporter, newsletter an· the political prisoners and com­ The PST also demanded a deep­ of the U.S. Committee for Justice to plete restitution to workers victimized going agrarian reform to solve· the Latin American Political Prisoners. for their trade-union activities. problem of four decades of stagna­ Ten percent of those arrested die Next, the statement called for broad­ tion in the rural economy. from torture in the first few days ening the area of political democracy: Although the PST statement prom­ of detention. "We think that in order to extend ised the party's support for all pos­ The issue also contains three ar­ democratic freedoms changes must be itive measures by the new govern­ ticles on the denial of human rights made in the constitution and sanc­ ment, a pledge that was repeated by in Bolivia. One is a summary of tioned by the sovereign will of the Coral at the Nino meeting, it ex­ "Gospel and Violence," a statement pressed basic criticisms of the regime condemning the growth of repres­ inaugurated May 25. sion in Bolivia signed by ninety­ "If the class alliance advocated by nine priests, pastors, and other re­ the Peronists led to the great defeat ligious figures. The statement was USLA Reporter of 1955 for the working class and highly embarrassing to the Bo­ the country, the cycle may be much livian government, but has received shorter this time." The favorable in­ support from a wide spectrum of send 25 cents for a single issue or ternational conditions for Argentine political groups, professionals, and $2 for 10 issues to : USLA, 150 national capital achieving a certain union leaders. Fifth Ave., Room 737, New York, freedom of maneuver within the frame­ To receive the USLA Reporter, N.Y. 10011. work of the imperialist system no longer exist, the statement explained. In fact, this time the very conserva­ tive forces that originally opposed Pe­ r6n's reforms are supporting the new Intercontinental Press government and especially its call for a "social truce." THE COMING CONFRONTATION "Our doubts about the process that Where is Allende taking Chile? When the chips are down, where will the mil­ began on May 25 are motivated by itary stand? What are the organizations of the workers, peasants, and the left class feelings and are only the po­ doing? What are their programs? What are the perspectives facing the Chilean litical expression of the doubts of the people? people, that the constitution must be workers, who see that the same in­ For the answers read Intercontinental Press, the only English-language weekly made into an adequate framework for stitutions, parties, and personalities magazine that specializes on news and analysis of revolutionary struggles from the period of transition to socialism. that opposed Per6n in 1946 and over­ Canada to Chile and all around the world. Calling a constituent assembly is, threw him in 1955 and collaborated Intercontinental Press: A socialist antidote to the lies of the capitalist media. therefore, one of the most urgent tasks with the succeeding regimes are today Name ______of the new government." supporting Dr. Campora and acclaim­ To reverse the decline in the buying ing his recent appeal." power - of the workers that occurred The PST warned emphatically Address------under the military dictatorships and against any "social truce." conservative governments that fol­ "Political instability, social tensions, CitY------State ______Zip------lowed the overthrow of Per6n, the PST struggle, and violence are the results called for an immediate across-the­ of the economic system we live under. ( ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. ) Enclosed is $15 for one year. board raise of 50,000 old pesos Therefore, we cannot agree to any Intercontinental Press, P.O. Box 116, Village Station, New York, New York 10014. [about US$50], and a minimum wage truce with the Socledad Rural [the big WATERGATE: Week in review Bows to P-ressure from Kremlin & White House Senate delays testimony for a week By PETER SEIDMAN The potentially explosive nature of Columnist Mary McGrory reported best to conduct the Watergate inves­ On June 18, the Senate Watergate com­ Dean's incriminating evidence led to June 19 that "The usual [White House] tigation so as to most rapidly restore mittee voted 6-1 to postpone the public a concerted effort in which the Kremlin plea for 'delicate negotiations,' to confidence in the government. testimony of John Dean one week until and the White House worked hand which Senators have ever been sus­ While differences may exist over how the U.S. visit of Leonid Brezhnev, in hand for a postponement of the ceptible during the 10 years' war in the investigations may affect domes­ general secretary of the Communist Ervin Committee · hearings. Neither Vietnam, was whispered about, and tic politics, virtually all the Democratic Party of the Soviet Union, was com­ side wanted to risk the embarassment had its usual effect." and Republican politicians closed pleted. Undoubtedly this announce­ and possible interference with the sum­ Of course, the White House issued ranks behind postponing Dean's tes­ ment was met with a sigh of relief mit that Dean's appearance might the usual denials of intervening in timony until Brezhnev's visit is com­ from the Watergate gang in the White have produced. the Senate inquiry. Senate majority pleted. As one member of Cox's staff House. The White House campaign to put leader Mansfield cooperated by as­ put it, "Brezhnev was able to do that, serting he had initiated the postpone­ we couldn't." ment himself. The bipartisan character of the de­ The White House pressure campaign cision to delay Dean's testimony was was matched by an energetic effort shown by the 6-1 vote of the Ervin by the Soviet bureaucrats to get the committee. Democrats Hubert Hum­ Dean testimony delayed. The June 19 phrey and Edward Kennedy also sup­ New York Post reported that "it was ported the delay. Humphrey called an open secret in Congress that the it "desirable" and Kennedy said it was Russians had forcefully conveyed their "statesmanlike and responsible." displeasure with the timing of the Dean Even Republican Congressman Paul testimony in all ways short of a for­ McCloskey, who has so far been one mal intervention. of Nixon's most vociferous congres­ "Soviet officials argued that Drpn's sional critics, is holding his fire during charges against the President wbuld the Brezhnev visit. On June 19, Mc­ amount to an indirect attack on Brezh­ Closkey announced he would cancel nev for having agreed to come here a scheduled congressional speech on at this time .... They also acknowl­ impeachment because it would be "in­ edged concern that theW atergate hear­ appropriate" during the summit talks. ings would detract attention from What explains the last-minute char­ Brezhnev's visit.... " Continued on page 22 This intense behind-the-scenes pres­ sure from the Kremlin to take the heat off Nixon gives the lie to Brezh­ nev's widely-quoted remark of June 14 Dean is a former counsel to Pres­ Dean's testimony on ice for a week that "it would be quite unsuitable for ident Nixon. So far, he is the highest­ is hardly surprising. Nationally syn­ me to intervene in [the Watergate] af­ ranking member of the administra­ dicated columnists Rowland Evans fair in any way .... The thought tion to assert that Nix.on is guilty and Robert Novak reported on June never even entered my head as to of ·conspiring to cover up the Water­ 15 that "the White House and other whether President Nixon has lost any gate crimes. Further, Dean claims he Nixon defenders have campaigned, influence or has gained any influence can prove his charges. furiously, with remarkable success, as a result of Watergate." Both the White House and the Krem­ against Dean's reputation and cred­ As recently as last week, special fed­ lin place great importance on the suc­ ibility." eral prosecutor Archibald Cox unsuc­ cessful completion of the Brezhnev­ The columnists point out, however, cessfully sought to have Dean's tes­ Nixon talks as a crucial step in the that Dean's charges have so far held timony postponed or at least held detente between the Soviet Union and up well under White House fire, and without TV coverage. His efforts to the U.S. In addition, Nixon hopes if Dean "seems credible before the Er­ reduce the impact of the Ervin hear­ to use the Brezhnev talks to bolster vin committee ... the nightmare W a­ ings reflect tactical differences between DEAN: His evidence against Nixon won't his own sagging political fortunes. tergate scandal will grow still bleaker." various capitalist politicians over how be made public until Brezhn.ev visit ends.

Plan to blame Haldeman & Ehrlichman revealed New Nixon alibi is 'last ditch effort' JUNE 20 -Terming it a "last ditch indicate they resulted from misinfor­ around him. "The sources described and the press." effort," White House sources leaked mation and unauthorized action by Mr. Nixon as alternately angry, de­ Former White House counsel to the Washington Post a riew line Haldeman and Ehrlichman." pressed and feeling increasingly iso­ Charles Colson has recently revealed of defense President Nixon will use Until now, Nixon has backed up lated, and under siege from investi­ some of Hunt's other activities, ac­ to protect himself from the Watergate the story told by both Haldeman and gators," they wrote. "Even among those cording to Jack Anderson's syndicated scandal. The Post story, written by Ehrlichman that the White House who are advising him on Watergate column on June 18. In a still secret Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, cover-up was engineered by John ... Mr. Nixon has refused to fully deposition made May 28 before the appeared June 18, on the eve of the Dean, who bamboozled the president discuss his own role in the case." Democratic National Committee, Col­ scheduled appearance of John Dean and his two top aides. In addition to the expected revela­ son told how he sent Hunt to New before the Senate Watergate committee. "However," wrote Woodward and tions in Dean's testimony, and the England to gather information on According to this. new plan, Wood­ Berstein, "charges by Dean and others damaging evidence already presented Senator Edward Kennedy's involve­ ward and Berstein report, "President against Haldeman and Ehrlichman by Nixon's deputy campaign man­ ment in the 1969 drowning of Mary Nixon is expected to defend himself have convinced the President that he ager, Jeb Stuart Magruder, other de­ Jo Kopechne. ... by saying he was misled by his must abandon support of his former velopments in the past week have in­ "The tough glib Colson also admit­ former principal deputies, H. R. Hal­ principal deputies." tensified the pressure on Nixon. ted he had dispatched Hunt to Denver deman and John D. Ehrlichman." As one official told the Post report­ On June 15 the Washington Post to question Dita Beard about her fa­ These are the men Nixon referred to ers, Haldeman and Ehrlichman have reported that convicted W atergater E. mous memo linking an ITT financial in his April 30 Watergate speech as been "cut down to nothing and the Howard Hunt had blackmailed the commitment to the Republicans ... ," "two of the finest public servants" he President can't stand with them (any White House to the tune of more than Anderson wrote. "Hunt wore a pre­ knew. longer)." $200,000 in return for keeping his posterous, ill-fitting red wig on this Nixon did win a brief reprieve, how­ mouth shut after the Watergate break­ secret mission." Woodward and Bernstein quoted ever, when the Senate Watergate com­ in. According to the Post, Hunt threat­ In another development, Senate W a­ ·one White House source as saying, mittee decided to postpone Dean's tes­ ened "to disclose the involvement of tergate committee head Sam Ervin (D­ "If the Dean charges are too devas­ timony for one week. In the mean­ high Nixon administration officials in N. C.) has announced that the com­ ' ating, and there is no reason to think time, the White House attacked Wood­ secret illegal activities unless he re­ mittee has received documents on the they won't be, the President plans to ward and Bernstein's story for its "ex­ ceived large sums of money and a 1970 spy plan from John Dean. Er­ come forward and acknowledge over­ treme unfairness," without denying the guarantee of executive clemency ...." vin says he will introduce as public whelming negligence on his part, but report itself. One possible reason for the payoffs evidence the information in these pa­ will still deny criminal knowl­ to Hunt, said the Post, were "fears pers on domestic spy operations. edge.... " Woodward and Bernstein also re­ that Hunt would reveal the Nixon However, the committee intends to The White House will admit "mis­ ported on the increasing isolation of administration's secret operations keep secret "foreign intelligence infor­ judgments on the President's part and the president as Watergate closes in against radicals, political opponents mation" contained in the documents.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 13 WATERGATE: Analysis Watergate· & the Black struggle By DERRICK MORRISON . Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. The last When the Watergate scandal first erupted, Har- group is very prominent, containing lawyers from lem Democratic Congressman Charles Rangel, the the most prestigious law firms in the country. It Reverend Jesse Jackson of PUSH (People United is no wonder the Nixon administration was to Save Humanity), and other Black leaders called worried. for the impeachment of President Nixon. The Committee of Inquiry never got off the Later on, a retired FBI agent, affected by the ground, but the government's operations against Watergate revelations, disclosed the extensive bug- the Panthers spilled over to include some of the ging operation that the FBI had set up against organizations that were defending the Panthers. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The Congressional After Hoover's veto of Nixon's super-spy plan Black Caucus and others responded by calling the White House assembled its own spies, dubbed for the reopening of the King case to examine the "plumbers," under E. Howard Hunt Jr. and the evidence that a conspiracy reaching into high G. Gordon Liddy -later convicted as Watergate places lay behind the act of James Earl Ray, the conspirators. convicted assassin. On Labor Day weekend in 1972 the Hunt-Liddy As the Watergate scandal continues to unfold, gang burglarized the Beverly Hills office.of Daniel major revelations have surfaced showing how the Ellsberg's psychiatrist. It has now come to light government sought to curb the increasingly mili- that the gang may have been responsible for raid- tant and independent political thrust of the Black ing the national office of the NAACP Legal De- liberation struggle. At every mention of the massive fense and Educational Fund ( LDEF) in New York domestic counterinsurgency plan the Nixon ad- the same weekend. ministration drew up in mid-1970, the "enemy" is KING: J. Edgar Hoover was out to 'get' him and the The day after the Los Angeles burglary, Hunt listed as "Black Panthers, potential Arab sabo- civil rights movement. and Liddy flew to New York under assumed teurs,- antiwar radicals, and Soviet espionage names. LDEF officials surmise that the raid on agents." d~partment stores and subways. And in December, their office occurred then. Chicago police conducted the infamous raid on According to the May 31 New York Post, LDEF The 'Black problem' a Panther apartment in which they shot and killed officials found "several desks pried open. A file The Black struggle was clearly a central target Mark Clark and Fred Hampton. A few days later cabinet with a combination lock that contained of the government's drive to silence its opponents. police in Los Angeles tried to storm a Panther minutes of board meetings and other materials According to the May 24 New York Times, "One headquarters. This led to a shoot-out lasting for was also forced open." official who worked on the [counterinsurgency hours in which two Panthers were wounded. At the time, the LDEF was involved in several plan) described the most serious issue facing the The following year, 1970, was marked by even sensitive cases, including the defense of Panther Nixon Administration in mid-1970 as 'the black more extensive police attacks on the Panthers. leader Seale on an aspect of the "Chicago 8" con- problem.' He said intelligence indicated that Black These occurred in cities such as Birmingham, To- spiracy, and Earl Caldwell, a Black New York Panther leaders were being covertly supported by ledo, Philadelphia, New Orleans, and Detroit At Times reporter who had resisted subpoenas from some countries in the Caribbean and in North the same time trial proceedings were begun against a San Francisco grand jury investigating the Pan- Africa. Some Government officials also believed, the 21 Panthers in New York, and against Bobby thers. he said, that Algeria, which was vocal in its sup­ Seale and Ericka Huggins in New Haven, Conn. The question should thus be asked, how many port of the Black Panthers in the United States, These were just two of the many Panther trials other offices were illegally broken into? How many might become a main overseas base for the held that year. phones wiretapped in the name of "national se- Panthers." 1970 also brought to light federal involvement curity"? To what extent did the federal govern- Yet, this "foreign" connection and the specter in these local police attacks. This came in a dis- ment aid and abet the local police raids on the of "saboteurs" was disputed at the time by none closure by Seattle Mayor Wesley Uhlman. Accord- Panthers? other than the CIA. On the basis of its own study ing to the Feb. 9, 1970, New York Times, Uhl- h ? conducted in 1969-70- at the request of Nixon­ man "turned down a Federal proposal for a raid Did undercover agents set up Pant ers. the CIA concluded, according to a source quoted in on Black Panther headquarters in Seattle because The Black Panther Party at this time relied heavi- the May 25 Times, "' ... the judgment of the in­ he did not want to popularize the Panthers' cause. ly on ultraleft rhetoric, using such slogans as telligence community in 1970 was that there was He also said that such raids smacked of gestapo- "off the pigs," and "pick up. the gun." Unfortunate- no significant Algerian support for the domestic type tactics." ly, this political stance aided the government in its operations of blacks.... drive to portray the Panthers as the ones responsi­ "'We thought that it was absolutely imperative Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents ble for violence. It got in the way of placing the that the causes of what was happening-the Viet­ The proposal had been made the previous month responsibility for the murderous violence unleashed nam war and racial injustice-had to be under­ by the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Unit of by the government squarely where it belonged­ stood.'" the Internal Revenue Service, according to the on the police themselves. This view of the domestic "disturbances" was Seattle Post-Intelligencer. (This government out­ Given the revelations of the role played by disregarded by the Nixon administration. Its mass­ fit has been deeply involved in the secret-police agents-provocateurs in various radical groups­ ive counterinsurgency plan was described in the operations, it has now been admitted.) including the Weathermen, the Camden 28, and June 4 Newsweek as the "most wide-ranging secret Because of the mayor's refusal, the FBI later the Vietnam Veterans Against the War-we must police operation ever authorized ... in the peace­ turned down a request to investigate a series of also ask, To what degree were police agents them­ time United States." Senator Sam Ervin (D-N. C.), mysterious bombings in the city. Hoover dubbed selves responsible for setting the Panthers up for head of the Senate Watergate committee, said, the Black Panthers the "most dangerous and vio­ the many shoot-outs and indictments that occurred? "Those making this plan had the same mentality lence-prone of all extremist groups." The Watergate methods of subversion and sur­ employed by the Gestapo in Nazi Germany." At one point Hoover lashed out at such notables veillance are not the exclusive property of the Re­ Because Nixon refused to sign the plan- there­ as Leonard Bernstein, Otto Preminger, and Dick publicans, and the Black Panther Party is not the by being able to disavow any presidential authori­ Gregory for actively defending the Panthers' dem­ first Black organization to be subjected to such zation for illegal activities if things went wrong­ ocratic rights. In fact, the Watergate revelations methods. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover raised strenuous show that one of the Nixon administration's most The unfolding of theW atergate scandal prompted objections to it As a result the plan was never pressing concerns in 1970 was the extensive civil a former FBI agent, Arthur Murtagh, to reveal in officially implemented. liberties support of the Panthers from prominent the May 21 Times the extensive surveillance sur- Nevertheless, this did not prevent the Nixon Black and white liberals and Democrats. administration, the FBI, and other arms of the According to a well-placed source quoted in an government from using the methods outlined in article in the May 24 Times, the support to the the super-spy plan in going after leading organi­ Panthers by many "moderate black leaders" after zations in the Black liberation struggle, principal­ the Hampton killing "'made it harder for blacks ly the Black Panther Party. to understand that these guys (the Panthers) were thugs and murderers. 'They had a free lunch pro­ Police aHacks on Panthers gram going,' the source added, 'where they were Ever since its inception in 1966 in Oakland, teaching kids how to kill whitey.'" Calif., the Panthers had been the subject of police harassment and victimization. But with its growth CommiHee of Inquiry into a .qational organization, a growth fed by the It was after the Hampton murder that people ghetto rebellions and the Black student struggle, like Roy Wilkins of the NAACP and Whitney Young the qimensions of the repression became national. Jr. of the Urban League began to publicly ex­ By 1969 Black Panther Party units across the press concern about the police campaign against country were subjected to police attacks. the Panthers. They went so far as to set up a In January of 1969 Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter Committee of Inquiry into the Black Panthers and and John Huggins, leaders of the Los Angeles Law Enforcement. Wilkins and Arthur Goldberg, Black Panther Party, were shot in the back by former U. S. Supreme Court justice and former members of "US," a right-wing Black national­ delegate to the United Nations, served as cochair­ ist organization known to cooperate with L. A men. Mourner weeps at funeral for Fred Hampton. Wide­ Mayor Sam Yorty and police officials. The Committee of Inquiry was supported by spread outcry against Hampton murder dismayed In April, 21 Panthers were indicted in New York the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Nixon administration, whose aim was to destroy the City on fantastic charges of conspiring to bomb the American Jewish Congress, and the Lawyers Block Panther Party.

14 Judge to hear new facts on Gainesville 8 frame-up rounding Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the By CINDY JAQUITH Southern Christian Leadership Conference( SCLC). JUNE 18-The further unraveling of the Water­ Hoover was out to "get King," and in 1963 got gate scandal has forced U.S. District Court Judge the permission of Attorney General Robert Kenne­ Winston Arnow to call a new pretrial hearing in dy to tap King's phone. the Gainesville Eight case. The hearing, which "The surveillance was massive and complete," begins June 20 in Pensacola, Fla., will be the Murtagh told the Times. "He couldn't wiggle. They third in four months. had him." The Gainesville Eight are members and sup­ According to the Times, "Sources in Washington porters of Vietnam Veterans Against the War confirmed the broad outlines of Mr. Murtagh's de­ (VVAW). The Justice Department has charged them scription. These sources confirmed that when Dr. with conspiring to attack the August 1972 Re­ King left Atlanta, the F. B. I. electronic surveillance publican convention with slingshots, cross bows, went with him, and that his telephone in hotels and automatic weapons. Their trial is scheduled in other cities were tapped, with reports of infor­ to open July 17 in Gainesville, Fla. mation derived from these taps fed into Washing­ The government's evidence against the antiwar ton as was the Atlanta data." veterans consists of a few slingshots and the tes­ The tap continued into 1965, and the Times timony of FBI informers. repprted suggestions that the tap may have lasted The defendants say the alleged conspiracy was right up until King's assassination in 1968, raising fabricated by the government to make VVAW look the distinct possibility of government complicity like a violent organization, and to help justify in King's murder. the break-in at the Watergate. The Watergate bur­ At pretrial hearing, Gainsvill e defendants will offer glars claimed they were seeking information on new evidence of gov't frame-up links to Watergate Network of Black informers "violence" supposedly beipg planned for the Re­ conspiracy. Murtagh, who worked in the Atlanta office of the publican convention by antiwar veterans. FBI, also revealed a network of paid Black in­ New information now strengthens the defense's formers that enabled him to learn almost any­ contention of links between Watergate and the Camil. As Klimkowsky explained, 'We didn't want thing he wanted to know about SCLC and other VVAW frame-up, according to a news release from Camil to actually acquire weapons .... We wanted organizations. the Southern Conference Educational Fund to find out what was in the back of his mind." These activities against the civil rights movement (SCEF). Pablo Fernandez, a counterrevolutionary But Klimkowsky now admits that Fernandez were carried out under Kennedy and Johnson, Cuban, has admitted that he was hired as an never turned in any information that could be both Democrats. Watergate has shown both the agent provocateur by both the FBI and the Miami used against the VV AW. Police informer Angelica Democrats and Republicans to be defenders of the police. He said he was paid to spy on demonstra­ Rohan has also contradicted Fernandez's story. status quo, using token concessions on one hand, tors coming to the Republican and Democratic She says she witnessed a discussion where Fer­ and on the other repression against any indepen­ conventions. nandez offered to get guns for the VVAW. "There dent political motion on the part of the oppressed Fernandez is also part of the gang of thugs was no indication whatsoever that they wished and exploited. This is particularly the case with repeatedly hired by Nixon's campaign to disrupt or desired to purchase one single bullet," she stated. Black people, who occupy the very bottom rungs antiwar actions. Apparently because of his past The defendants view this new information as work in this field, Watergater Eugenio Martinez of society. Any rise on their part, independent of further proof that they were framed up. "We were tried to hire him last spring to disrupt the Demo­ the racist oppressor, threatens to upset the whole coming to the convention to~ exercise our consti­ cratic convention. Fernandez says he turned down capitalist applecart. tutional rights," says Scott Camil, "... not to the offer because he was already working for two For this reason Ken'nedy gave the go-ahead cause problems, and what problems did occur other secret-police agencies. for Hoover's "get King" campaign. It is also the were caused by provocateurs." His assignment with the Miami police was to reason for Nixon's campaign against the Black The defense has also reported a suspicious bur­ get VVAW members to purchase weapons from Panther Party. glary that occurred July 9, 1972, in the office of him. "We were hoping for the overt act necessary In the wake of the Watergate disclosures, there Gainesville Eight attorney Carol Wild Scott. The to produce a charge of conspiracy," admitted Ma­ is a better case than ever before for a thorough. intruders, operating in a fashion similar to the jor Adam Klimkowsky, head of the special in­ i.qvestigation into the attacks on the Black Panther those who broke into the office of Daniel Ells­ vestigation unit of the Miami police. . Party and other Black groups. Such an investiga­ berg's psychiatrist, stole the file of defendant Camil. Fernandez, who insists that the VVAW brought tion should also probe to the very bottom the For more information on the case, write Gaines­ up the question of guns first, says he discussed campaign against King and his assassination. ville Eight, P. 0. Box 13179, Gainesville, Fla. weapons with Gainesville Eight defendant Scott And it should find out who paid Talmadge Hayer, 32601. the man who admitted killing Malcolm X but re­ fused to say who had hired him. Unfortunately, neither the Senate Watergate com­ mittee under' the leadership of Sam Ervin, nor Why W'gate cost you money the speCial prosecuting team under Archibald Cox, has given any indication of interest in pursuing You're getting less change back from your dollar "The increase~ supports brou.g~t the darry farm- these questions. Black leaders should demand that at McDonald's hamburger joints because of Water- ers an extra estimated $500 milhon from the tax- they do so. gate-related secret campaign deals. payers." McDonald's owner donated $225,000 to the Though the bulk of the money came from the The Congressional Black Caucus should follow Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP). In capitalists, some of the union bureaucrats who up its call for reopening the King case. There is return, just before the November elections Nixon's think like the bosses also got into the act. The no reason why they couldn't initiate a full con­ Price Commission approved a 10 percent hike Teamsters raised the most money for the Nixon gressional investigation into how government se­ in the price of McDonald's cheeseburgers. The campaign. "The Teamsters are considered the in- cret police have victimized the Black movement. rules said prices couldn't be raised unless there house union here," a lawyer for the Cost of Living An independent investigation, by the Black com­ was a significant improvement in the quality of Council said. The Teamsters, says Anderson, got munity and other forces, could bring as-yet un­ the product. So the Price Commission declared "favored treatment" from the Council. earthed facts to light. It could exert maximum po­ that more cheese on the burgers made the price But it is unlikely that most Teamster members litical pressure for full disclosure of the facts by boost legitimate. would agree that their "favored treatment" from government investigators and for prosecution of If that sounds like a whopper, the whole story Nixon was worth the money- not to speak of those responsible. is contained in Jack Anderson's syndicated column the higher prices they must pay for carpets, milk, Watergate provides fresh evidence that neither on June 19. Anderson reports, "Sources close to and cheeseburgers. capitalist party can serve as an instrument for President Nixon's fund-raising effort last year say the liberation of Black people. The Black poli­ government favors were exchanged for campaign ticians of the Democratic and Republican parties contributions. A donation over $100,000, they only serve to confuse and mislead Black people say, would entitle a contributor to a quid pro quo." as to the nature of these two parties. Another example cited by Anderson: carpet Moreover, irony of ironies, the Black Panther manufacturers, seeking to postpone the enforce­ Party has now stepped into the camp of these ment of costly new regulations on flammability, misleaders. This is illustrated by Bobby Seale's met at the White House with top Nixon aides. recent campaign for mayor of Oakland, where At least $200,000 had been contributed to CREEP he ran as a Democrat. to arrange the meeting. "Result: enforcement was To garner the fruits of the civil rights move­ delayed," notes Anderson. ment and to further the struggle for Black con­ Anderson also sheds new light on the widely trol of the Black community, these two parties reported milk deal, in which the dairy lobby of racism, sexism, and imperialist war have to buttered up the administration with huge contri­ be exposed· and opposed. butions to get a raise in the government milk­ Consistent education of the masses in these truths price support level. "The day after the first big will help break them away from the two capitalist contribution was delivered," says Anderson, "dairy parties and pave the way for constructing a mass price supports were increased over the objection Black party. These are the tasks of the Black of the Agriculture Dept. One source told us Agri­ inovement in the light of Watergate. culture Secretary Butz got his instructions at a McDonald's won approval for price hikes after secret meeting right in the Presidents' Oval Office. donation of $225,000 to Nixon campaign committee.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 15 WATERGATE: Senate hearings Magruder:'permissiveness' and peace marches to blame for W'gate crimes By CINDY JAQUITH the antiwar movement created such the antiwar movement- that Magru­ was understood, Magruder explained, Just before Nixon's inauguration on a permissive atmosphere that even the der ·and his White House cohorts that in his official capacity as "coun­ Jan.· 20, 1973, Jeb Stuart Magruder highest echelons of the government feared the most. This was brought sel," Liddy would be organizing the issued a statement attacking the pro­ were infected with lawlessness. out in the questioning by committee espionage work for the campaign. testers who planned to demonstrate After confessing to perjury and con­ chairman Senator Sam Ervin ( D­ Liddy offered his first "intelligence against the war in Southeast Asia dur­ spiring to commit illegal wiretapping, N.C.). plan" to CREEP and White House ing the inauguration. burglary, bribery, and other crimes, officials on Jan. 27, 1972, according Magruder, who was then the direc­ Magruder had the gall to call anti­ Mass demonstrations to Magruder. The meeting was held tor of the Inaugural Planning Com- war activists criminals! Of Coffin, who Ervin challenged Magruder's state­ -ironically- in the Justice Depart­ . mittee, said he hoped the demonstra­ recently said Magruder had flunked ment that it was the draft-card burn­ ment, in the office of John Mitchell, tors would "express themselves peace­ his ethics course, Magruder remarked: ing activities the Nixon administra­ then U. S. attorney general. fully and in accordance with the law "He tells me my ethics are bad. Yet tion saw as its greatest threat: and with a decent respect for the rights he was indicted for criminal charges." ERVIN: "The Reverend Coffin.... Kidnappings and ~all girls of others." Magruder neglected to add that Cof­ he just came down and demonstrated. Liddy's package of dirty tricks, bud­ Five months later, on June 14, Ma­ fin was acquitted of the charges of There were a great many demonstra­ geted at a mere $1-million, included gruder fidgeted on the witness stand conspiring to promote draft resistance tions, weren't there?" the following, according to Magruder: as he described to the Senate Water­ in the case, which was clearly a po­ MAGRUDER: "He did quite a bit • ''Wire tapping, electronic surveil­ gate committee how he and other top litical frame-up. more than demonstrate." lance, and photography.... " officials in the Nixon administration But even if Coffin had been found ERVIN: "He was supposed to try • ". . . projects relating to the ab­ routinely discussed illegal activities duction of individuals, particularly ranging from kidnappings to hiring members of radical groups. . . . Mr. call girls- a network of crimes that Liddy had a plan where the leaders first became known to the public when would be abducted and detained in five White House burglars were ar­ a place like Mexico and that they rested at the Watergate on June 17, would then be returned to this country 1972. at the end' of the [Republican] con­ The spy plans, the cover-up after vention." the Watergate scandal broke, the pay­ e The use of call girls to extract offs to those who got caught in re­ information from, and possibly to turn for their silence- this is what blackmail, delegates to the Democratic "decent respect for the rights of others" convention. Liddy "envisioned renting means if you work for the White a yacht in Miami and having it set House. And the excuses now offered up for sound and photographs." for these blatantly illegal acts by Ma­ Liddy's proposal was rejected, Ma­ gruder and his cronies reveal that gruder explained, because it cost too these high-level crooks still take us much money! Mitchell and the others all for fools. finally settled on a less expensive ver­ sion at a cost of only $250,000. It Antiwar movement was in the course of carrying out During the time he worked in the this trimmed-down plan that Liddy's White House, and later when he be­ men got caught at the Watergate on came deputy campaign manager of June 17, 1972. the Committee to Re-Elect the Pres­ "The cover-up began that Saturday ident (CREEP), Magruder said, the [June 17) when we realized there was mass movement against the war in Militant/Flax Hermes a break-in," Magruder told the Senate Vietnam was a major problem. "I was Nov. 15, 1969, peace march in Washington. Magruder testimony revealed depth of committee. "I do not think there was mainly engaged in the activities try­ White House concern over mass antiwar movement. ever any discussion that there would ing to generate some [prowar] sup­ not be a cover-up." port for the president," he explained. In addition, Magruder said, there At the same time, Magruder said, guilty, as have many individual draft to frustrate the draft." "never was an investigation" by any­ he saw people like his former ethics resisters, there is simply no compar­ MAGRUDER: "He did, and he par­ one in the White House of the Water­ professor, William Sloane Coffin, rec­ ison between the U.S. government's ticipated in many activities that were gate affair. ommending "that students burn their bloody war in Vietnam and the civil considered illegal." The New York Times and other draft cards and that we have mass disobedience actions of Americans ERVIN: "You were disturbed at the newspapers are now running editor­ demonstrations, shut down the city who opposed that war. demonstrations, weren't you, the peo­ ials bemoaning the corruption of "fine of Washington." - During the time when Magruder said ple at the White House?" young men" like Magruder, and con­ Witnessing these "crimes," Magruder there were "illegal" activities in the anti­ MAGRUDER: "Yes, sir. We were." gratulating him for telling the truth. piously explained, made him and oth­ war movement, the U.S. government During the time Magruder was on Even the senators on the Watergate ers in government "somewhat inured" (under both Democratic and Repub­ the White House staff, the largest anti­ committee got into the act. Ervin went to using iilegal means to further the lican adminh>trations) was raining war marches took place. On Nov. 15, so far as to wish Magruder "success government's aims. tons of bombs on the Vietnamese peo­ 1969, and again on April 24, 1971, in your future endeavors." A marketing specialist before he ple, slaughtering villagers like the hundreds of thousands of demonstra­ It is unlikely, however, that the came to the White House, Magruder peasants at Mylai, and devastating tors converged on the capital demand­ American people are going to buy apparently thought he could sell the the Vietnamese countryside. The only ing that the U. S. get out of Vietnam. the argument that Watergate came Senate committee and the American crime of Coffin and the millions who Nixon has always tried to claim about merely because a few White people a new twist on the old "per­ marched in protest of the war was . that such massive outpourings against House underlings overstepped the missiveness" argument. that they spoke out against this bru­ the war had no effect on U.S. policy. bounds. As Magruder's testimony has Nixon has often charged that a "per­ tality. But Magruder's testimony shows the made clear, Watergate crimes against missive" society spawns illegal and It was the massive, legal antiwar opposite-the antiwar demonstrations those who oppose government pol­ violent antiwar activities. protests- not the civil disobedience ac­ were a major political factor in the icies are a routine feature of the strat­ In his testimony, Magruder claimed tions of a relatively small part of ·administration's calculations. egy the capitalists use to keep them­ At one point in his testimony, Ma­ selves in power. gruder admitted that "because of the activities of the antiwar movement in 'As American as apple pie' particular, much of the work [of the White House) was being delayed and The Watergate revelations are public opinion, like the members stalled.... " eating away at what little remains of the Lincoln Club, for example. One way the rulers of this country of Nixon's credibility. The latest This exclusive group of 126 tried to counter swelling antiwar sen­ Gallup poll shows that two-thirds wealthy Southern California Repub­ timent was to step up illegal harass­ of the American people believe licans doesn't see why there's all ment and espionage against the Amer­ Nixon either knew about the Water­ this fuss over Watergate. Inter­ ican people. This was because Nixon gate break-in or participated in the viewed by New York Times re­ knew he could never win support for cover-up. porter Everett Holies, "most of the war by telling the truth about U. S. Forty-seven percent of those sur­ the club members took an attitude involvement in Southeast Asia. As Ma­ veyed think Watergate is a "very . . . that the Republican national gruder put it, there was a "feeling of serious matter," a jump of 16 per­ campaign staff was only doing frustration at being unable to centage points since April. A full what came naturally." deal with issues on a legal basis." 97 percent of the population knows After all, pointed out the club's what Watergate is about. treasurer, Robert Beaver, "Political So it was only natural that early in the 1972 election campaign White MAGRUDER: Falsely claims antiwar 'law­ But there are some people who espionage is as American as apple simply refuse to be swayed by pie." House counsel John Dean sent G. Gor­ breakers' created mood responsible for don Liddy to the CREEP offices. It illegal government activities.

16 Answer to 'Muhammad SP-eaks' was African Liberation Day ·escapist'? By MALIK MIAH In the June 1 Muhammad Speaks, Brother Lonnie Kashif levels a serious charge against the thousands of Blacks who demonstrated in the streets in more than 30 cities May 26 in solidarity with the liberation struggles in Southern Africa. He charges that these demonstrators were into "Pan­ African 'Escapism,'" attempting to "es­ cape" from the real day-to-day prob­ lems Black people face in America. Is there any truth to Brother Ka­ shif's charge? Is there a relationship between the struggle of Afro-Ameri­ cans and the liberation movements on the African continent? Are demonstra­ tions like May 26 irrelevant to the struggles Blacks are waging here? These questions are not new to the Black movement. In fact, they were discussed more than 50 years ago with the rise of the movement led by Marc~us Garvey after World War I. The Garvey movement had hundreds of thousands of members in the U. S., the Caribbean, and Africa. It pro­ moted Black awareness, which in­ Militant/Baxter Smith cluded support for the African revolu­ Demonstration of 3,000 Blacks on May 26 in New York City. An ongoing action campaign against U.S. complicity with op­ tion. pression in Southern Africa can both aid the liberation movements there and advance the Black struggle here at home. Marcus Garvey's publication, Negro World, was banned in the French col­ ganization based in North Carolina) ing of actions around the country, U. S. support for Portugal and the onies and British West Africa because and other Pan-African nationalist or­ the ALSC national office in Greens­ white-settler regimes. This process will ganizations, issued the call for the boro, N.C., launched the United M­ also help educate and detonate into first African Liberation Day demon­ rican Appeal to raise funds for the action white students and others over Malik Miah is a member of the stration, held on May 27, 1972. liberation organizations in Southern the issue of Southern Africa. National Executive Committee of The focus of the first demonstration Africa. It raised more than the $40,- Such a campaign has the potential­ the Young Socialist Alliance and was captured in the slogan, 'We are 000 goal. if massive enough- to force the U.S. has been an active supporter of an African people." Applying many to cut off certain aid to those regimes. lessons of the antiwar movement, the Student movement The development of this strug­ the African Liberation Day ac­ organizers sought to build the broad­ Black students and student organi­ gle would bring Black people and tions. est action possible. They welcomed zations were the driving force behind others squarely up against govern­ support from a wide range of people, African Liberation Day. YOB U ment policies, raising their political including Charles Diggs of the Con­ played a big role again this year. consciousness and sharpening their op­ it indicted European imperialist rule gressional Black Caucus, Imamu Ba­ The Black student movement as a position to U.S. imperialism- right in Africa and championed struggles raka of the Congress of African Peo­ whole experienced a downturn after here at home. against colonialism. ple, Angela Davis of the Communist 1969, when it reached high points Garvey did not separate the strug­ Party, and Andrew Pulley, vice-pres­ such as the struggles at San Francisco Gulf and Polaroid gle of Blacks in America from what idential candidate of the Socialist State College and Cornell University. A step in this direction is the cam­ happened to their brothers and sis­ Workers Party. But activities around African Libera- paign projected by the national lead­ ters around the world. The actions, which focused on Wash­ ership of ALSC against Gulf Oil and ington, D. C., and San Francisco, were Polaroid, which will be discussed at Malcolm X quite successful. More than 20,000 an ALSC national steering committee In t4e 1960s, the figure best exem­ people marched in D. C. meeting this month. plifying the interconnection of the Activity initiated by a handful of Afro-American struggle with the co­ Black workers at Polaroid in the Bos­ lonial revolution sweeping Africa, May 26 actions ton area exposed this "equal-oppor­ Asia, and Latin America was Brother Based on the success of these ac­ tunity employer" back in 1971. Polar­ Malcolm X. tions, local demonstratior. s were called oid tried to deny any complicity with After Malcolm left the Nation of Is­ for May ~6 of this year. 'J'hese actions the apartheid regime in South Africa, lam he traveled twice to Africa and brought into much sharper focus U.S. but the workers documented their the Middle East to meet with African complicity with Portuguese colonial­ charge that Polaroid cameras were leaders. ism and the white-settler states of used in the hated passbook system. In 1964 he founded the Organiza­ South Africa and Rhodesia. The company felt compelled to run tion of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm The signs, slogans, and speakers full-page ads in major newspapers and viewed the OAA U as a fighting instru­ at the demonstrations also tied in na­ to send a team of supervisors to South ment of Black communities from Har­ tional and local issues -like police Africa to whitewash its operations. M­ lem to Watts, as well as an instru­ . terror and Watergate- to oppression terward, Polaroid claimed it got its ment of Pan-African solidarity and and exploitation in Southern Africa. South African distributor to raise the action. The May 26 actions were organized wages of its African workers. Unlike Brother Kashif, Malcolm in a nonexclusive manner, embracing If Polaroid was exposed and com­ considered solidarity with the African the participation of Blacks from lib­ promised by a campaign in just one struggle against U. S. and European eral, Democratic Party, nationalist, city, think of the impact a nationally imperialism to be an important part and socialist organizations. Because MALCOLM X: Saw Afro-American strug­ coordinated education and action cam­ of the struggle here. of this united-front policy, attempts gle linked to African revolution. paign could have. A look at how the present movement at exclusi~n did not go over in most A mobilization of Harvard students arose, and the significance of the ac­ cases. led by the Pan-African Liberation tions held thus far, also refutes Broth­ For example, the New York ALSC tion Day, along with other factors, Committee last year exposed how Har­ er Kashif's charge of "escapism." defeated an attempt by certain sec­ have prompted a modest revival. vard University, through its invest­ In the fall of 1971, three Afro-Amer­ tarian nationalists to drive out wom­ ALD has begun to cut across the ments in Gulf, was helping the Portu­ ican activists went to the liberated ter­ en and socialist activists, as well as pessimism generated by government guese colonialists wage war in Angola, ritory in Mozambique held by FRE­ activists of other nationalist tenden­ repression of previous struggles, some where Gulf has a big oil operation. LIMO (Front for the Liberation of cies. of which were led to isolation and de­ Through meetings, teach-ins, pickets, Mozambique). Among them was In contrast to previous experience feat by ultraleftism. In addition it has and other activity on a national scale, Owusu Sadaukai, then head of Mal­ in the Black movement, women played contributed to undermining the author­ Black people and others will come to colm X Liberation University in leading roles in ALSCs. The New ity, of those Black student leaders who understand why Gulf and Polaroid Greensboro, N. C., and now cochair­ York ALSC chairperson was a wom­ have been bought off and are col­ should get out of Southern Africa, and man of the African Liberation Sup­ an. So were many of the activists. laborating with campus adminis­ why the U.S. should pull out of NATO port Committee (ALSC). Their role, which reflected the impact trators to keep things cool. and end all military and financial aid They held discussions with the guer­ of the women's liberation movement ' Harnessing the energy of the Black programs to Portugal and the white­ rilla leaders on how Blacks here could on the Black struggle, helped cut student movement and turning the settler regimes. aid their struggle. After these discus­ across the reactionary prejudices campuses into organizing centers will Key to this campaign will be. on­ sions Sadaukai, along with the Youth against women activists held by some be key to the ALSC's ability to reach going activities that can take the mo­ Organization for Black Unity (YOBU Pan-Africanists. out and organize the Black commu­ mentum generated this spring over in­ -a nationalist, primarily student or- Along with coordinating the build- nity in a sustained campaign against to the fall.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 ' '17 BID TURNOUT BY PUERTO RICANS, BLACKS BADILLO VOTE SURPRISES EXPERTS, FORCES RUNOFF II lEW YORK DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY By JOANNA MISNIK ioned NDC championship of the poor The fact that sections of the Demo­ NEW YORK, June 18-The race for and minorities. cratic Party leadership now feel com­ the Democratic Party nomination for The NDC was out to win and saw pelled to promote the candidacy of mayor did not end with the June 4 Badillo's popularity with Puerto Ri­ a Puerto Rican for mayor of New primary as many experts had expect­ cans and Blacks as a hindrance in York is testimony to the depth of the ed. Democratic machine favorite Abe chipping away votes from the "law radicalization of the Puerto Rican Beame, the 67 -year-old city controller, and order" appeals made by Biaggi community. Likewise, the promotion failed to poll the 40 percent of the and Beame. of Black politicians like Carl Stokes vote needed to win the nomination. A similar reading of voter mood in Cleveland and Kenneth Gibson in Beame will now face Congressman prompted Black political leaders like Newark indicated that the Black lib­ Herman Badillo, the nation's highest Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm eration struggle was too powerful to Puerto Rican elected official, in the and Congressman Charles Rangel to be ignored by the ruling capitalist June 26 runoff. announce early in the primary warm­ parties. Badillo surprised nearly everyone up that Blacks had no hope of field­ For anyone who thinks Badillo is by finishing with 29 percent of the ing their own candidate for mayor. really a champion of the Puerto Rican vote to Hearne's 34 percent in a four- However, despite the shortsighted­ people "putting one over" on the Demo­ ness of some Democratic liberals, there cratic Party, a closer look will reveal that his campaign did not fundamen­ Joanna Misnik is the Socialist were powerful forces who saw the Ba­ tally differ from those of the other Workers Party candidate for New dillo candidacy as an asset, not a liability, to the Democratic Party. The candidates. York city council president. New York Times, an organ of ruling­ Although he voiced concern for the class opinion, strongly endorsed Ba­ plight of the poor, his appeal was way race. Badillo's strong showing dillo, as did the New York Post and essentially to the "middle class." He BADillO: section of the ruling class thinks was due in large part to an unusually the Amsterdam News, a Black weekly. assured them he wanted to be "mayor best way to defuse Puerto Rican and strong turnout in the city's Puerto Ri­ Block radicalization is to elect him mayor. can and Black areas, where the vote for Badillo was overwhelming. Over­ His sole answer to unemployment­ all, only 30 percent of the registered as high as 40 to 50 percent among Democrats went to the polls. Puerto Rican and Black youth -was The June 5 New York Post, in ex­ a program to provide 8,000 civil ser­ pressing surprise at the Badillo vote, vice jobs yearly to city high school noted that Blacks and Puerto Ricans graduates. While Badillo cried out for "are not usually a major factor in more federal funds, he never attacked primary elections." Badillo ran second the $82-billion spent on the imperialist to Beame in many areas of the city's war machine. predominantly white areas, but car­ Badillo turned his back on the most ried Manhattan and the Bronx. significant struggle of the Puerto Rican The two other candidates in the community to date - the struggle Democratic race will not fade from against racism in the schools. Black, the scene. Congressman Mario Biaggi, Puerto Rican, and Chinese parents, an ex-cop who made the strongest many of whom supported Badillo, appeal to the racist "law and order" fears of some white voters, will run in November as the Conservative Par­ The Socialist Workers Party cam­ ty nominee. State Assemblyman Al­ Mil paign central office is located at bert Blumenthal, who was endorsed Mark Friedman, Brooklyn SWP candidate for city council, addresses street rally. SWP 706 Broadway, Eighth Floor, New by the reform New Dempcratic Co­ offers New Yorkers a genuine alternative to the capitalist Democratic and Republican York, N.Y. 10003. The telephone alition and who ran last, will remain parties. is (212) 982-4966. You can call, in the race as the nominee of the Lib­ write, or stop by for copies of the eral Party. campaign platform, and for Span­ No one was more surprised by the The Times called Badillo the can­ of all the people" and would not ac­ ish-language campaign literature. large vote for Badillo than the Dem­ didate who could bring all of New cord minorities any special treatment The campaign committee will help ocratic Party reformers in the New York together again. It recognized -meaning he agreed to perpetuate arrange speaking engagements and Democratic Coalition. At their en­ that Herman Badillo was not a rad­ the second-class status of Blacks and informal meetings for the SWP can­ dorsement convention in March, they ical fighting for fundamental social Puerto Ricans. didates in your neighborhood or spurned Badillo for Blumenthal, con­ change. Astute elements of the ruling "We've got to keep what's left of with your organization. sidered the more "moderate" of the two. class saw in Badillo an opportunity the middle class here," Badillo told The pundits were all bemoaning the to defuse the growing political ferment the New York Times on April 2. Re­ "turn to the right" of New York voters in the Puerto Rican and Latino com­ ferring to the exodus of whites from worked to reelect a school board in and warning against any old-fash- munities. the city, he said, "If they go, the city the Lower East Side School District 1 One million Puerto Ricans now re­ is finished." that reflected the interests of their com­ side in New York. Over the past years, In keeping with his appeal to the munities. Meanwhil'e, Badillo was they have begun to assert themselves more affluent, white voters, Badillo campaigning against school decentral­ in numerous struggles against the rac­ added a strong voice to the candi­ ization as a plan that "has only led ist oppression they face. Puerto Rican dates' chorus demanding more police, to increased polarization. students have fought for and won ignoring the racist role of the police Puerto Rican studies departments that in brutalizing the Puerto Rican and Struggle in Dist. 1 teach the truth about U. S. domina­ Black communities. The District 1 school board and tion and exploitation of Puerto Rico. Superintendent Luis Fuentes came un­ Many young people have been Badillo's record der attack from every reactionary aroused by the frame-up trials of Puer­ While claiming to be a fighter for quarter for seeking to implement bi­ to Rican independence activists like tenants' rights over the avarice of the lingual and bicultural programs and Carlos Feliciano and Pancho Cruz. landlords, Badillo glossed over his gain greater control by Puerto Rican, Puerto Rican women were among the role as relocation commissioner in the Black, and Chinese parents over the leaders of the fight against day-care Wagner administration. His job was hiring and firing of personnel. In the budget cuts. And thousands of Puerto to dislodge whole Puerto Rican and face of this, Badillo boasted that he Rican parents have been involved in Black neighborhoods to make way was one of those who asked for a an escalating struggle to rid the school for the land developers seeking space public hearing to determine whether system of racism and win control over for luxury high-rise housing. Luis Fuentes was a "racist." the education of their children. In the face of skyrocketing inflation His betrayal of the interests of Puer­ eating away at workers' salaries, Ba­ to Ricans in favor of the rich is not Fostering illusions dillo blamed the so-called fiscal crisis limited to Puerto Ricans in the United A segment of the bankers, landlords, of the city on the "excessive" salary States. He opposes independence for and corporation owners who run the and pension demands of the city work­ Puerto Rico·. He promotes the con­ ~~'11.1·--11! Democratic Party are seeking to head ers. He promised to be a "tough ne­ tinuation of the commonwealth status, As Relocation Commissioner in the off and co-opt the struggles of the gotiator." True to the businessmen and which allows U.S. domination of the Wagner administration, Badillo worked Puerto Rican community. They're try­ bankers who run the Democratic Par­ island. hand in glove with real estate specu· ing to do this by fostering illusions ty, he never once raised the idea that While support for Badillo is wide­ lotors and land developers, at the that Puerto Ricans can achieve so­ increased corporate taxation could spread in the Puerto Rican commu­ expense of the Block and Puerto Rican cial justice within the framework of bring millions into New York's cof­ nity, the major proindependence or­ communities. the capitalist two-party shell game. fers. Continued on page .22

18 Woman heads union slate ' Please don't Chi steelworkers campaign for drink the water' right to strike, union democracy Residents of Duluth, Minn., read a chilling an­ nouncement in the local papers recently. Govern­ By BRUCE BLOY ment scientists had discovered high concentrations CHICAGO- Hitting hard at the recently signed of cancer-causing asbestos fibers in their water steel agreement, a rank-and-file group in Local 65 and warned against allowing young children to of the United Steelworkers in Chicago is running drink it. a woman steelworker as its presidential candidate The concentration of fibers turned out to be in the local elections June 27. high indeed, nearly 100 billion per quart of water. The group, "Steelworkers for Change," has named The government announcement also explained why Alice Peurala, a steelworker in U. S. Steel South the warning was limited to children: adults had Works, as its presidential candidate; Willie Ross, been drinking the water for so long that stopping a Black steelworker for vice-president; and Don now wouldn't do much good. Jordan for inner guard. The group also plans The asbestos comes from mill wastes dumped to run candidates for a number of other offices in Lake Superior by the Reserve Mining Company in Local 65. in Silver Bay, Minn., 60 miles northeast of Duluth. The central axis of the campaign being run The company, which has always claimed that by the Steelworkers for Change is the fight against the wastes sink to the bottom and do no harm, the contract agreed to last March 29 by I. W. has been dumping 67,000 tons of taconite tailings Abel, president of the United Steelworkers, and Steelworkers for Change candidates Don Jordan, Alice each day for the last 16 years. the major steel producers. The new agreement Peurala, and Willie Ross. Although environmental groups have been trying calls for a "minimum" wage increase of 3 per­ for 10 years to force a halt to the dumping, it cent in each of the next three years. Most steel­ better reflect the rising costs of living; a reduction was only a few weeks ago that government sci­ workers realize it is going to be extremely dif­ in the workweek to 30 hours with no reduction entists began to investigate the effect of the taconite ficult to get anything over this 3 percent from in weekly pay to spread available jobs; and the waste. Using an electron microscope, they quickly the bosses. expansion of present union committees to include discovered that half the tailings form a deadly But the worst aspect of this new "experimental" more rank-and-file members. asbestos-like mineral called amosite. agreement is that it has given away the workers' Peurala has been leafleting plant gates and hold­ Earlier government investigation has shown that right to strike. Any disputes remaining when the ing weekly meetings in support of her campaign. amosite workers face three times the normal risk contract expires in August 1974 would be turned She has called for a demonstration of all steel­ of stomach and lung cancer. They inhale the fi­ over to an arbitration board. If the agreement workers in Chicago and northern Indiana at the bers e"ight hours a day on the job, and their bodies remains in force, the next opportunity steelworkers ... Chicago headquarters of the United Steelworkers retain large amounts of this toxic substance. would have to strike to win their grievances would to protest Abel's sell-out. The lethal effect of drinking amosite-laced water be in 1977. The struggle by steelworkers for union democ­ has not yet fully shown up because asbestos-caused Abel made this agreement behind the backs of racy, which is reflected in Peurala's campaign, and without ever consulting the steelworkers. They has been gaining support in the Midwest. Last do not even have the right to vote on their con­ February union dissident Ed Sadlowski ran tracts. The agreement was endorsed at a meeting against the bureaucracy-picked candidate, Samuel American Way of Life of local union presidents in Pittsburgh. Despite Evett, for director of District 31 (which includes the fact the meeting waS' confined to these officials, Local 65). cancer takes 20 to 30 years to develop. But "if the agreement met with opposition from some local Sadlowski based his campaign on membership the residents of Duluth have similar accumula­ presidents who were obviously feeling pressure ratification of all contracts and rank-and-flle con­ tions of asbestos as do asbestos workers," one from the ranks. trol over all union functions. He lost by less than cancer expert told reporters, "we can pretty well Shortly after the agreement was announced, Lo­ 2,000 votes out of 45,000. He is currently chal­ predict what's going to happen five or 10 years cal 65 passed a resolution in opposition to it and lenging the election on the basis of reported vote from now." · calling for rank-and-file votes on all future con­ fraud in several key locals. Even if Reserve were to stop dumping the taco­ tracts. Several weeks later, Abel replied that under In an election in Local 1010, which represents nite today, it wouldn't necessarily solve the prob­ the present constitution such opposition was not the steelworkers in the Bethlehem mill at Burns lem. The concentration of the deadly asbestos fi­ recognized. Harbor, Ind., a rank-and-file group has put for­ bers is already so high that it may be impossible Opposition to the Abel "experimental agreemenf' ward Jim Balanoff as its candidate for president. to fJ.lter the water. and expansion of union democracy are the central Balanoff led the protest against the Abel "agree­ An extreme case? Nobody really knows. issues of the Peurala campaign. In addition to ment" in his local. The federal government inspects fewer than 2 calling for the reinstitution of the right to strike, Contrary to reports in the press, steelworkers percent of the nation's water supply systems- and rank-and-flle votes on all contracts, the pro­ are not happy with the new agreement. The job gram of the Steelworkers for Change calls for cutbacks, deteriorating working conditions, and a contract with a yearly wage reopener; a re­ skyrocketing inflation are beginning to force work­ vision upward of the present escalator clause to ers to take action to protect themselves.

Striking Ohio Teamsters demand: ~unlimited cost of living clause' By HERMAN KIRSCH to respect the picket lines. CLEVELAND, June 16-''We want an unlimited In one altercation on the line, the Cleveland cops cost-of-living clause and a master contract for all used shotguns to ride herd on the pickets. In a scuf­ the Teamster locals;-'W-e won't settle for anything fle, several police fell to the ground. W aithe re­ less." ports that one of the cops pleaded, ''We don't want William W aithe, spokesman for striking moving to arrest you- play ball with us." Militant/Charles Ostrofsky and storage members of Teamster Local 392, was A striker answered, "You promised us that if we Pollution expert reports half the country now drinks telling The Militant why workers had voted 135 were peaceful and surrounded the door of the water discharged by sewer systems only hours before. to 4 to reject a $1.02 an hour raise over a three­ warehouse that we could keep the scabs from going year period, with a cost-of-living increase of 16 in. Then you take them in and usher them out. the ones that serve interstate planes, trains, and cents an hour over the term of the contract. Why should we play ball with you?" buses. And these are only checked once every Waithe said the offer by May, J. C. Penney, and six years. The rest are inspected by the states­ other department stores "stinks." Even though it occasionally and none too thoroughly. is higher than recent settlements in other industries, The last extensive federal water survey was made the movers' wages would still fall behind rising in 1969. The facts discovered then are enough to prices. The union is demanding unlimited wage convince anyone that capitalism really fouls things increases pegged to rising prices to defend workers' up. Consider these findings: incomes against inflation. Some 23 million people are drinking polluted W aithe said, "The union attorney would like for water regularly from public systems. us to accept a 5.5 percent increase. Why should we At least eight million are drinking "potentially limit ourselves to the Phase 3 formula when every­ dangerous" water- water that could poison them one admits it's a failure?" at any time. The movers lost a 13 percent wage increase in · At least 500,000 people in 25 cities are drinking August 1971 when President Nixon imposed the water the government has found unfit for inter­ Phase 1 wage freeze. They are demanding that state commerce. this increase be added in the new contract. There's nothing to indicate that our water has They are also demanding a single contract to improved any in the last four years. In fact, says cover all the Teamster locals, and equal pay with Dr. Daniel Okun of the University of North Caro­ the over-the-road drivers. These drivers earn $6.04 lina, half of us now "use water part of which only hourly- about $1 an hour more than the movers. hours before had been discharged from some in­ The strikers have been militant. Nobody is al­ Houston protest against high prices May 5. Ohio dustrial or municipal sewer." lowed past the picket lines, even though Teamster Teamsters are fighting for unlimited escalator clause -MICHAEL BAUMANN officials have not asked members of other locals as defense against inflation.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 19 In Review

SOVIET SCIENCE FICTION Solaris. Directed by Andrei Tar­ kovsky. A Mosfilm Production. 1972. Russian with English sub­ tit/ es.

Since the early 1930s few well-made or thought-provoking Soviet films THE have gotten beyond the cutting-room. Only a handful, perhaps less than a dozen since the death of Stalin, have YOUNG WORKER: managed to squeeze past the obstacles of bureaucratic control that dictate to directors what they may touch on in .SICK OF ROBOT JOBS their films or what style they may use to approach their subjects. Solaris is Where Have All the Robots Gone? by war in Vietnam and pollution as the top political one of these rare few. issues in 1970 .. They tend to place less confidence Harold L. Sheppard and Neal Q. Herrick. Employing the genre of science fic­ than their elders in the Democrats, the Republi­ Free Press. New York, 1972. 222 pp. $7.95. tion (itself a fairly recent development cans, or in voting itself, as a way of producing . in Soviet literature), Andrei Tar­ "Turnover rates are climbing. Absenteeism has social change. Of the under-30 workers registered kovsky places a safe distance between increased as much as 100% in the past 10 years to vote, 43 percent didn't vote in the 1968 presi­ himself and the political censors, who in the automobile industry. Workers talk back to dential elections. Only 59 percent voted for Nixon are always on the alert for veiled their· bosses. They no longer accept the authori­ or Humphrey, while 23 percent voted for Wallace. criticisms of the Soviet bureaucracy. tarian way of doing things." (From Where Have This contrasts with the mere 14 percent of the By bypassing contemporary society All the Robots Gone?) over-55 workers who didn't vote, 82 percent who as well as the well-worn Russian clas­ workers' dissatisfaction with their jobs is scruti­ voted for Nixon or Humphrey, and 4 percent who sics, Tarkovsky gains enough free­ nized in ·this book, which is based on a 1970 voted for Wall ace. dom to experiment stylistically and to study of 400 white, male blue-collar union mem­ The key trend revealed by these statistics is the ignore the tenets of "socialist realism," bers, and a 1969 survey of 1,500 employed men young workers' growing mistrust of the two-party which have been obligatory since the and women. system. Wallace won votes partly by playing on rise of Stalinism. Sheppard and Herrick's findings, though they this mistrust, although his support was also based Billed in the U.S. as "the Soviet an- must be regarded as tentative conclusions, are a on the racist attitudes of many white workers. valuable indication of the changing composition Most young workers were found to have a dif­ and attitudes of the workforce, especially among ferent social outlook than· their elders. They are young workers. more activist-minded and overwhelmingly more Film They found that the dissatisfied workers were antiauthoritarian. The relative handful of authori­ those who had little responsibility, variety, autono­ tarian young workers, like the older authoritarians, swer to 2001" Solaris defies any com­ my, or opportunity to learn in their work. These expressed little job dissatisfaction. parison with Kubrick's little bag of workers were more likely to feel alienated from On the other hand, the older antiauthoritarians fireworks. While the film is visually society as well. Antiauthoritarian workers were shared the dissatisfaction of the young. Thus, sta­ compelling, with interesting alterna­ more likely to find their jobs lacking autonomy tistically, at least, the greater job dissatisfaction tions between color, black and white, and responsibility than authoritarians. of youth is explained by their antiauthoritarian and monochrome photography, Tar­ (Authoritarianism was measured by agreement approach to society in general and the workplace kovsky concentrates more on develop­ in particular. ing his characters and stimulating the One weakness of this study is that Sheppard and ·audience into thinking about the com­ Herrick never mention the problem of speedup. plex questions he raises. Books This is a striking omission in a book whose The planet Solaris consists of a vast authors cite the Lordstown General Motors strike ocean that is in itself a kind of brain with a series of statements like "The most impor­ (against speedup) as an example of worker dis­ trying to make contact with the scien­ tant thing to teach children is absolute obedience satisfaction! tists at the space station. The ocean to their parents," and "A few strong leaders could Their recommendations are addressed to the gov­ can take one's thoughts, memories, do more for this country than all the laws and ernment, businessmen, union officials, and acade­ dreams, and aspirations and material­ talk.") - micians, not to the working people they studied. ize them, confronting humans with the The authors found that the highly educated, Their answers to the problems of alienated work­ concrete products of their own minds. ers are "job enrichment"-redesigning jobs to make union members, and especially women are grow­ Tarkovsky constructs his film on work more "rewarding"- and "job retraining." ing sectors of the workforce. Only 32 percent of the two levels: the scientific problem of over-30 workers are female, for example; but 38 But corporations will only redesign jobs to the overcoming the. ever changing limits percent of the 21-to-29 age bracket, and 60 percent extent that they can boost profits and cut costs. on human knowledge and the related of the 16-to-20 age bracket, are women. Where job retraining is being experimented with, psychological problem of dealing with Young workers are more likely to be dissatis­ the noble aims of the consultants are often sub­ the unexplored reaches of the human fied with their jobs than older workers. Women, verted by management's tendency to transform mind. Blacks, and the highly educated are the most likely the program into an experiment in speedup and As befits such an ambitious topic, candidates for dissatisfaction. union busting. a number of Tarkovsky's sequences Young workers are also more likely to consider And job retraining programs will not be ex­ border on the surrealistic. He visual­ challenging work more important than questions panded while social welfare expenditure~;~ are being ly reconstructs the fears of the main like convenient transportation. They expect more slashed.. These cutbacks, like wage controls and character, Kelvin, a cosmonaut sent of everything from their jobs than their elders do, speedup, are part of U.S. capitalism's attempt to to Solaris to find out what's gone including pay. The difference is especially sharp make gains in· the intensifying competition with wrong there. Kelvin, a cool and ra­ in expectations of meaningful, stimulating work. Europe and Japan by attacking our standard of tional psychologist, almost succumbs Workers who have little faith in the Democratic living. Past and present job-training programs, to his guilt over the suicide of his or Republican parties, who voted for neither of like the Job Corps, aid in this effort by supplying wife, who reappears to confront him these parties in 1968, or who don't believe that government subsidies for exploiting nonunion la­ .with his past. government policy is controlled by the people bor at below standard wages. While grappling with the manifesta­ through voting, are especially likely to be unhappy Sheppard and Herrick do shed some light ( al­ tions of their own thoughts, Kelvin with their jobs. though unconsciously) on who will make the and the two other surviving scientists The young, white, male trade unionists is no chip changes that can humanize the workplace. Young begin to understand a little bit about off the old block, according to Sheppard and Her­ workers' increasing rejection of stultifying jobs and Solaris, or think they do. The final rick. Those who contend that the growing youth their growing distrust of those who rule this country unexpected sequence, however, throws radicalization is confined to students out of touch are a portent of the future struggle that will sweep everything into question and leaves with the realities of the workplace are out of touch away the whole rotten system that organizes hu­ the viewer with all sorts of thoughts themselves. man labor to maximize the profits of a tiny few. flying around in his or her mind. Such For example, these white male workers rated the -ANDY BUSTIN a questioning attitude can only have a positive effect on Soviet audiences. -ERNEST HARSCH

20: lEW BOOK WHITEWASHES PHOIY 'SPY' TRIAL FRAME-UP OF ETHEL I JULIUS ROSENBERG The Implosion Conspiracy by Nizer fails to take sufficient notice By his own t}Cknowledgement, Gold crashes to the ground. Louis Nizer. Doubleday. _New of the cold war political climate in the was a liar and had a vivid and un­ Before passing sentence on the United States at the time of the trial. restrained imagination. Years later the Rosenbergs and Sobell, Judge Kauf­ York, 1973. 495 pp. Cloth $10. In· 1949, news that the Soviet Union Schneirs discovered that in many man said, "I believe your conduct in had exploded an atomic bomb was hours of questioning by. his own at­ putting into the hands of the Russians Invitation to an Inquest by Walter released by President Truman. This torneys, Gold had never even men­ the A-bomb years before our best sci­ and Miriam Schneir. Penguin ended the four-year U.S. monopoly tioned the Rosenbergs, Sobell, or the entists predicted Russia would perfect Books. Baltimore, 1973. 487 pp. of atomic weapons and at the same Greenglasses. the bomb has already caused, in my Paper $2.95 time created an atmosphere of hys­ Before appearing in court, however, opinion, the Communist aggression teria in parts of this country. he spent many hours discussing the in Korea, with the resultant casualties These two books come to opposite Reacting to this news, FBI Di­ case with FBI agents. Yet his testi­ exceeding 50,000 and who knows but conclusions on the famous "atom spy" rector J. Edgar Hoover immediately mony was taken at face value, and the that millions more of innocent people case in which Ethel and Julius Rosen- launched a massive drive to ferret defense attorneys made the mistake may pay the price of your treason." berg and Morton Sob ell were convict- out "spies" who had, he asserted, stolen of not cross-examining him. ed in 1951. The alleged crime was the secret of the bomb. It never oc­ Nizer clears both Judge Irving Eisenhower rejects clemency membership in a Soviet spy ring that curred to him and the rest of the witch­ Kaufman, who presided at the trial, President Eisenhower, in refusing stole "atomic secrets" from the United hunt pack that Soviet scientists were and Irving Saypol, chief prosecutor, clemency, took up the same inflam­ States. June 19 marks the twentieth capable of producing an atomic of any biased acts, citing statements matory theme, adding that the Rosen­ anniversary of the execution of the bomb. to that effect by defense counsel. How­ bergs "did what they did for money." Rosenbergs. Nor did the fact that there were no ever, any unprejudiced observer who The sentence of death to the Rosen­ The Implosion Conspiracy attempts such things as "atomic secrets" get any reads about the trial cannot help but bergs was carried out on June 19, to prove that the guilt of the accused publicity at the time. How to create conclude that Kaufman acted as assis­ 1953, after all efforts to save their was satisfactorily proved in court; In- an atomic bomb was widely known tant to the prosecutor as well as judge. lives had failed. The Rosenbergs went vitation to an Inquest, on the other among scientists in many countries. Kaufman's frequent reminders to the to their death refusing offers of their hand, demonstrates that the accused The problem was making the material jury that communism was not on trial lives in exchange for names of other were convicted on false and flimsy for the bomb. This involved a long and that it was permissible to use the members of the "spy ring." evidence. and costly process. Fifth Amendment to refuse to answer Sobell, who was not accused of any questions served only to suggest to connection with "atomic secrets," was the jurors that communism was in nevertheless· sentenced to 30 years in fact somehow involved. Kaufman's jail solely on the testimony of a single questioning of witnesses was very ex­ individual who was himself subject to tensive and favored the prosecution. prosecution for perjury. This person, · Prosecutor Saypol and his asso­ Max Elitcher, has never been indicted ciates, including Roy Cohn, who later or tried. His testimony consisted en­ became notorious as one of Senator tirely of conversations allegedly held McCarthy's assistants, did not cover with Sobell and Julius Rosenberg. The themselves with glory either. odor of a deal involving Elitcher and "The veracity of David and Ruth the prosecutions hovers over his tes­ Greenglass," Saypol claimed, "and of timony. Harry Gold is established by doc­ Sobell was released from prison "in umentary evidence and cannot be con­ 1969 after serving more than 18 tradicted." This is not true. Not one years. David Greenglass was released single piece of documentary evidence in 1960, and Harry Gold in 1966. was introduced in court or has ap­ Ruth Greenglass was never tried. peared since the trial. No letters, writ­ In the period between their convic­ ten material or anything else ofmateri­ tion and execution, the Rosenberg case al nature were offered as evidence in attracted the support of millions all connection with "atomic secrets." over the world. Prominent individuals ranging from religious figures such Phony evidence as Pope Pius XII to scientists Albert Mass rally in Paris demanding clemency for the Rosenbergs The entire case made by the prose­ Einstein and Harold Urey pleaded cution consisted of alleged conversa­ for executive clemency but were re­ Louis Nizer, a prominent attorney Richard Nixon, then a representa­ tions. A photostat, but not the orig­ jected by Eisenhower. and author, is disappointing in his tive in Congress and a member of the inal copy, of Gold's registration at The Rosenberg-Sobell case refuses to effort even though his book has en­ House Un-American Activities Com­ a hotel in Albuquerque was proved die and will very likely be with us until joyed a place among the top 10 sellers. mittee, did his bit to fuel the witch-hunt. a forgery by the Schneirs. Gold and these victims of the cold war witch­ Although he lists seven books in He joined the spy scare, demanding the Greenglasses testified that "atomic hunt are fully exonerated. his acknowledgement, he excludes In­ that the American people be given the secrets" were exchanged for money in Walter and Miriam Schneir must be vitation to an Inquest, which was orig­ facts about "the espionage ring which that city. However, investigation by credited with contributing to discover­ inally published in 1965 (Doubleday) was responsible for turning over in­ the Schneirs revealed that Gold could ing the truth. Louis Nizer, on the other and was therefore available to him. formation on the atom bomb to agents not have been in Albuquerque on the His failure to try to disprove new evi­ of the Russian government." hand, offers a whitewash of those who single occasion when he said the dence discovered by the Schneirs, or to Some months later, in February were responsible for the victimization Greenglasses gave him ·material for deal with other doubts about the guilt 1950, came the arrest of British sci­ of innocent people. His book cannot which he paid $500. Thus Saypol's withstand critical scrutiny. of the victims that have arisen since entist Klaus Fuchs, who had worked "necessary link" to the Rosenbergs -MILTON ALVIN their trial, is a serious shortcoming. on the bomb in America. He subse­ Another criticism that must be made quently pleaded guilty to passing in­ is that Nizer, although an attorney formation to Soviet agents. of considerable experience, seems to take at face value testimony of such THE McCarthyism PUBL.ISHED f'=EKL.YMiliTANT IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PI!:OPL.E witnesses as Ethel Rosenberg's broth­ er David Greenglass, his wife Ruth This was the event that launched Vol. XVII • No, 23 ~ •• .NEW YORK. N. Y., MONDAY, JUNE 8, 1953 PRICE• 10 CENTS Greenglass, and Harry Gold. They Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy's implicated the Rosenbergs and each successful bid to become the number­ other in the alleged conspiracy. one witch-hunter in America. The Ko­ Demand Witch-Burners Halt David Greenglass, who was the chief rean war broke out a few months witness against his sister and Julius later in June 1950. A few days after Legal M-urder of Rosenbergs Rosenberg, had expected to go free the beginning of the war, Hearst col­ and was unpleasantly surprised to get umnist Westbrook Pegler demanded SIOJ> This Political WitcJ..Biuning Eiedrocution of Couple Designed a 15-year sentence. He had confessed that all members of communist orga­ guilt and pointed to Julius Rosenberg nizations be put to death. ·· ·· :.. To Terrorize Freedom of Thought ! By Harry Frankel as the head of an extensive spy ring It was in the atmosphere created by Political &88888iaaUon uDder eovec of .. legal .. •umbo-jumbo came d0t1er to the !!::'::;!~~~:.:~,;::;!;, ~== ~~: ~et::::e~:o!•;~~~:i:~:r ~~=~~~~ in the United States. However, in the these events that Harry Gold, a Phila­ ' rouple. and world-wide protest haa failed to aerure a slay despite the fact that new f!"tidenee Indicates that govemmeut witnesses. 'UPOR whose testimony the 23 years that have gone by no such delphia chemist, was arrested and death-sentence wu obtained, had perjured themselves ------;--______.____ Throu~hc•ut th~ world. dt>l.')l'll• i aaking Cn~ f:i!m~n~y and th:ot all sentenced to 30 years in prison. 1'--- 'An Editorial ---11nP,.. <'Vi

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 21 and it is no longer certain that they idence against · Nixon than the sen­ in the primary while at the same time will opt for the Teamsters. ators had expected. Fear of the dam­ fielding its own candidate for may­ ...Teamster Farmworkers spokesman John age such testimony might do during or, Rasheed Storey. Storey, however, Continued from page 6 Bank put it this way: Brezhnev's visit may have caused the has ·placed a moratorium on cam­ statements, and fact sheets" on the "It's advantageous for them to de­ Senate probers to reverse their pre­ paigning in deference to backing Ba... Teamsters's war against the farm stroy the United Farm Workers, but vious position that the I1ean testimony dillo against Beame. workers. But the Journal is not im­ not if they lose money. For them that's · must go on, visit or no visit. In a statement reported in the June _ pressed: "A recent 'media information' the be-all and the end-all. When their 16 Daily World, the CP says, "A package on the Farm Workers feud, profits are in jeopardy, there's no loy­ Beame victory will encourage the rac­ for example, included two pages pre­ alty greater than the profit motive." ists on all fronts. It will mean more pared by Hoover-Gorin a,nd nine It is reported that at the Moreno tension, more violence, and real po" pages simply reproduced from the ranch 50 percent of the boxes har­ larization." The CP urges "all New Teamster magazine." vested have had to be repacked. It's Yorkers to defeat this racist drive. The president of the firm, "Duke" safe to assume that the Fresno and ... Badillo We urge white people to reject Beame." Continued from page J8 Hoover, is quite impressed with the Delano growers will take a long hard In a feeble attempt to mask its pro­ Teamster bureaucrats. He exulted, ganizations have opposed his candi­ look at such a report. dacy. In the April 1 issue of Clari­ Democratic Party orientation, the CP "The Teamsters are very proud, al­ claims, "In urging the defeat of Beame most like the Marine Corps. I have dad, newspaper of the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, an editorial states: we are certainly not endorsing Badillo never met people so dynamic. Watch­ for mayor." What the CP doesn't ex­ ing them go into negotiations on a "Claridad refuses to support any Puer­ to Rican politician running on a cap­ plain is how Beame can be defeated labor contract is like watching the without Badillo winning the nomina­ tigers go after the Christians." italist party ticket...... NCLC "One, we feel that anyone who runs tion, and therefore most likely the elec­ The Teamsters swear they can Continued from page 9 tion next fall. Despite their claims to "honestly" represent the best interests in a capitalist party is trapped, cano activists telling the NCLCers that trapped by its politics and its boss- the contrary, a Badillo victory in the of the farm workers. But the tactics they weren't going to stand for them es .... general election is exactly what the of the Teamsters against the UFWU coming back and harassing Enriquet­ CP is working for. "That makes Herman Badillo a and their supporters reveal the true ta Sanchez. The NCLCers said that mouthpiece for the capitalist class. aim of the leaders of this thoroughly they probably wouldn'J come back. "Second, we will not support a can­ corrupted union. On their way out, one of them said, didate until he supports the indepen­ Employing goons of various sorts, 'We'll see you on the other side of the Teamsters have beaten or intimi­ dence of Puerto Rico and the Social­ the barricades.' ism which goes hand in hand with ... N.C. dated many wh.o side with the UFWU. "Then they turned to Miguel Pendas that independence. . ·. . Continued from page 24 And though they claim to have ob­ and said, 'You did a good job here.' "Third, our concept of political ac­ With the opening of the trial, de­ tained better contracts for the farm I guess they thought all the people fense lawyers are stressing the uncon­ . workers, this too is false. tion is not voting. . ., . We believe that present at the meeting were brought the candidates are _not our represen­ stitutional nature of the grand jury The Teamster contracts offer $2.30 by the SWP because of the frequent tatives; they are people who are hired that indicted Chavis and the Hickses. an hour and "participation" in the references to The Militant. Actually, to coopt movements."· They pointed out that in the recorded union retirement plan. The UFW U the people present were activists from· Los De Abajo, the newsletter of the history of Wilmington's court system, contracts provide $2.40 a hour and different political persuasions, includ­ Puerto Rican Independence Party in Blacks have never served as jury com_­ fringe benefits. Most important, under ing some people from Sanchez's of­ New York, says: "The mayor of New missloners, the officials responsible for the UFW U eontracts the union hiring fice. Sanchez had asked everybody York City is a man within a party selecting jury lists. hall would remain. The Teamster pact to come to the meeting." Judge Robert Rouse ruled, however, would _bring back the much hated machine set into motion by big eco­ nomic interests which are over him. that the exclusion of Blacks from this labor contractor system. post does not violate the constitution. Fitzsimmons and his friends atop In short, he is a part of a machine manipulated by the rich.... No mat­ Defense lawyers have also objected the Teamsters union in no way rep­ that prejudicial pretrial publicity ... Senate ter how much good faith Badillo has, resent the interests of the farm work!i!rs Continued from page J 3 makes a fair trial impossible in Wil­ supposing he has any, as mayor of for whom they hold sweetheart con­ acter of the delay in Dean's testimony? mington. New York, he will be unable to do tracts. And they don't represent the Mansfield said on June 18 that the During jury selection today, 40 of anything against those interests and truck drivers and other workers in idea of a postponement of the hear­ 54 prospective jurors were excused in favor of eliminating the misery suf­ the. Teamsters union either. ings "didn't strike me until this morn­ because they had already formed an fered by those who support him.... " ing." This, however, is highly implaus­ opinion about the guilt or innocence Norman Oliver, Socialist Workers ible since the timing of the Dean tes­ of the defendants or else didn't believe Party candidate for mayor, has been timony and the Brezhnev visit has in the judicial concept of "innocent waging a vigorous campaign to ex­ been known for some time and has until proven guilty." pose the fraud of the Badillos and been the subject of much discussion. The jury finally empaneled has four ... UFWU the Beames. The SWP opposes all the Continued from page 7 During his preliminary, closed-door Blacks. Wilmington has 18,000 candidates of the capitalist parties. 75 percent of the growe1's are. testimony to the Watergate committee Blacks and 64,000 whites. The Fresno and Delano growers are over the weekend, Dean may have The Communist Party, on the other Trial proceedings continue in this watching the situation here closely, revealed even more incriminating ev- hand, has been supporting Badillo racially charged city. Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, P.O. Box 5462, University, Ala. 354B6. Lake Charles: YSA, c/o Cathy Harrison, P. 0. Box 16, MSU, lake Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New ARIZONA: Phoenix: c/o Steve Shliveck, P. 0. Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. Charles, La. 70601. · York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. 85281. New Orleans: YSA, c/o Clarence Williams, 3141 N. Tonti St., New OHIO: Bawling Green: YSA, Box 27, U. Hall, Bowling Green State CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oaldand: SWP .and 'tSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., Orleans, La. 70117. University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. MARYLAND: Baltimore: YSA, c/o Dave McKim, 2103 Belair Rd., Balti­ Cincinnati: YSA, c/o C.R. Mitts, P.O. Box 32084, Cincinnati, Ohio Chico: YSA, c/o Kathy Isabell, 266 E. Sacramento Ave., Chico, Calif. more, Md. 21213. Tel: (301) 732-8996. 45232. Tel: (513) 381-2897. 95926. College Parle YSA, University P.O. Box 73, U of Md., College Park, Cleveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. Las Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, Md. 20742. tel: SWP-(216) 391-5553, YSA-(216) 391-3278. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213) 463-1917, YSA-(213) 463-1966. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, R.S.O. Box 324, U of Mass., Amherst, Columbus: YSA, c/o Daryl Drobnick, 1510 Georgesville Rd., Colum­ Riverside: YSA, c/o Univ. of Calif. at Riverside, 1134 library South, Mass. 01002. · bus, Ohio, 43228. Tel: (614) 878-5297. Riverside, Calif. 92502. Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant Labor Forum, 655 Atlantic Ave., Toledo: YSA, c/o Shannon O'Toole, 1606 Freemon St., *2, Toledo, Sa~ramento: YSA, c/o Darren Crown, 2321 'E' St., Sacramento, Calif. Third Flaar, Boston, Mass. 02111. Tel: SWP-(617) 482-8050, '(SA­ Ohio 43606. Tel: (419) 472-2592. 95816. (617) 482-8051; Issues and Activists Speaker's Bureau (IASB) andRe­ Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio San Diego: SWP, YSA, ond Militant Bookstore, 4635 El Cajon Blvd., gional Committee- (6U) 482-8052; Pathfinder Books- (617) 338-8560. 45387. San Diego, Calif. 92115. Tel: (714) 2801292. OREGON: Eugene, YSA, c/o Dove Hough, 1216 1/2 Lincoln, Eugene, San Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant labor Forum, and Militant Books, MICHIGAN: Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 Wood­ Ore. 97401. 1519 Mission St., Son Francisco, Calif. 94103. Tel: (415) 86-4-9174. word Ave., Detroit, Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TE1-6135. Portland: SWP and YSA, 208 S. W. Stork, Filth Floor, Portland, Ore. San Jose: YSA, c/o Krfsto Zone, 514 1/2 Son Benito Ave., los Gatos, Eost Lansing: YSA, Second Floor Offices, Union Bldg. Michigan State 97204. Tel: (503) 226-2715. Calif. 95030. Tel: (408) 354-2373. University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. PENNSYLVANIA: Edinboro: YSA, Edinboro State College, Edinboro, San Mateo: YSA, c/o Chris Stanley, 1712 Yorktown Rd., Son Mateo, MI._ Pleasant, YSA, P.O. Box 98, Warriner Hall, CMU, MI. Pleasant, Po. 16412. Calif. 97330. Mich. 48858. Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one block north of Mor­ Santa Barbara: YSA, c/o Carolyn Marsden, 413 Shasta ln., Santo MINNESOTA: Minneapoli10-St. Poul: SWP, YSA, and labor Bookstore_, ke•t),tPhi'odelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. Barbaro, Calif. 93101. 1 University N.E. (at E. Hennepin) Second Floor, Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 1203 Cal­ 332-7781. SOUTH DAKOTA: Sioux Falls: YSA, c/o Deb Rogers, 2309 S. 4th St., ifornia, Denver, Colo. 80204. Tel: (303) 623-2825. Bookstore open Mon.­ St. Cloud: YSA, c/o Atwood Center, St. Cloud State College, St. Cloud, Sioux Falls, S. Oak. 57105. Tel: (605) 332-4654. Sot., 10:30o.m.-7p.m. Minn. 56301. TENNESSEE: Nashville: YSA, 1214 17th Ave. S., Nashville, Tenn. CONNECTICUT: Hartford: YSA, P.O. Box 1184, Hartford, Conn. 06101. MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mi,.. 37212. Tel: (615) 292-8827. Tel: (203) 523-7582. souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Rood, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. TEXAS: Austin: YSA, SWP, Militant Bookstore, Harriet Tubman Hall, New Haven: YSA, P. 0. Box 185, New Hoven, Conn. 06501. St. Louis: YSA, P. 0. Box B037, St. louis, Mo. 63156. Tel: (314) 371- 1801 Nueces, Austin, Texas 78701. Tel: (512) 478-8602. Storrs: YSA, U of Conn., P. 0. Box 344, Storrs, Conn. 06268. 1503. Houston: SWP, YSA, and Pathfinder Books, 3311 Montrose, Houston, RORIDA: Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Sarah Ryan, 1806 lake Bradford Rd., NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P. 0. Box 479, Durham, N.H. Texas 77006. Tel.(713) 526-1082. Tallahassee, Flo. 32304. 03824. San Antonia: YSA, c/o P.O. Box774, Son Antonio, Texas 78202. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N.'E., Third NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque: YSA, c/o Kathy Helmer, 9920 Leyen­ UTAH: Logan: YSA, P. 0. Box 1233, Utah State University, Logon, Utah Floor, Atlanta, Go. 30303. SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 846, Atlanta, Go. decker Rd. N. E., Albuquerque, N. M. 87112. Tel: (505) 296-6230. 84321. 30301. Tel: (404) 523-0610. NEW YORK: Albany: YSA, c/o Lauro Grunberg, Box 2179, Mohican Salt Lake City: YSA, Student Activities Center, University of Utah, Salt IlLINOIS: Carbondale: YSA, c/o Jim Miles, 1207 South Wall, Hoffman Hall, Indian Quod 1400, Washington Ave. SUNY, Albany, N.Y. 12203. Lake City, Utah 84112. House *147, Carbondale, Ill. 62901. Binghamton: YSA, Box 1073, Horpur College, Binghamton, N.Y. 13901. VERMONT: Burlington: YSA, c/o John Franco, 241 Malletts Boy Ave., Chicago: SWP, YSA, and bookstore, 180 N. Wacker Dr., Room 310, Tel: (607) 798-4142. Winooski, Vt. 05404. Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: SWP-(312) 641-0147, YSA-(312) 641-0233. Brooldyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 1345 ESt. N.W., Fourth Floor, INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o Student Activities Desk, Indiana Uni­ N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. Wash., D.C. 20004. Tel: SWP-(202) 783-2391; YSA-(202) 783-2363. ersity, Bloomington, Ind. 47401. Lang Island: YSA, P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) WASHINGTON: Pullman: YSA, c/o Dean W. Johnson, 1718 A St., IOWA: Cedar Falls: YSA, c/o Mark Jacobsen, 2310 College St. Apt. B, FR9-0289. Pullman, Wash. 99163. Cedar Falls, lowo50613. Tel: (319) 277-2544. New York City-City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Seattle: SWP, YSA, and Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., KENTUCKY: Lexington: YSA, P.O. Box 952, University Station, Lex­ Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 982-8214. Seattle, Wash. 98105. Hrs. 11 o.m.-8 p.m., Mon.-Sat. Tel: (206) 523- ington, Ky. 40506. Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA, and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broo

SOOAltST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes held at Militant PHILADELPHIA Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. E., Third Floor. Spon­ SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Three series of classes: sored by Socialist Workers Party. SOc per session. Basics of Marxism, the Leninist party, Spanish Civil For more information call (404) S23-061 0. War. Classes held at 1004 Filbert St.(one block north Sun., July 1, 11 a.m.: Lenin on the national question. of Market). Ausp: Socialist Workers Party and Young Teacher: Joe Soares. Socialist Alliance. 50c per session. For more informo­ tioncoll(215) WA5-4316. AUSTIN Mon., June 25, 7 p.m.: Principles of Leninist Party SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Three classes on the Organization. Chinese revolution. Teacher: Les Evans. June 29-July Thurs., June 28, 7 p.m.: Seminar on Spanish Civil 1. At the Militant Bookstore, 1801 Nueces. For more War. information call (S12) 478-8602. Sat., June 30, 2 p.m.: Transitional Program.

BOSTON SAN DIEGO FILM: THE BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN by Sergei Eisenstein. SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Three series of classes: Speaker: Richard Cohalane, graduate student in his­ United front vs. popular front, What is a Leninist THE FORMATIVE YEARS (1933-40) tory at Northeastern University. Fri., June 29, 8 p.m. party?, Theory of permanent revolution. Teachers: Ken Davies, Harry Ring, Holbrook Mahn. Classes on 655 Atlantic Ave. (opp. South Sta.). Donation: S1, h.s. Confronted with the tumultuous events of the 1930s: the Great students SOc. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For more Wednesdays, 8 p.m. Special weekend classes: Sat., information call (617) 482-SOSO. June 30, 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.; Sun., July I, 1 p.m. Depression, the rise of fascism in Germany, the Spanish Civil War, 4635 El Cajon Blvd. Sponsored by Socialist Workers the repression of Stalin's left-wing opponents, and the outbreak SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Three classes on Party and Young Socialist Alliance. For more infor­ of World War II, revolutionaries all over the world set out to de­ mation call (714) 280-1292. Permanent revolution in Vietnam and Vietnamese velop a political program and a new international organization. Stalinism. Teacher: George Johnson. Sot., June 30, 7:30 p.m.; Sun., July 1, 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. 655 Atlantic SEA mE This volume contains the reports and documents from the first Ave. SOc all three sessions, 2Sc per session. Spon­ YOUNG SOCIALIST SUMMER CLASS SERIES. Introduc­ four international conferences of the Trotskyist movement, now sored by Socialist Workers Party and Young Socialist tion to Marxism. Classes held Thursdays, 7:30 p.m. known as the Fourth International. Essential reading for revolu­ Alliance. For more information call (617) 482-80SO. Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N.E. 25c tionaries. 448 pp., $10.00, paper $3.95. per session. Sponsored by Socialist Workers Party, Young Socialist Alliance, Young Socialists for Honts. BROOKLYN PATHFINDER PRESS, INC., 410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014 SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Series on the transition­ For more information call (206)523-2555. al strategy for revolution. Classes at 136 Lawrence St. Thurs., June 28: The materialist method. Tel. (212) 741-0690 (downtown Broolclyn). SOc per session. Ausp: Brooklyn Socialist Workers Party and Brooklyn Young Socialist SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Alliance. For more information call (212) S96-2849. THE SWP ON THE AIR. Listen to Theodqre Edwards, Wed., June 27, 7:30 p.m.: Land or Death: How the spokesman for the Socialist Workers Party, on his tran•itional program was applied in Peru. Teacher: weekly radio program, 2 p.m. every Saturday, KPFK­ Carla Hoag. FM, 90.7.

CLEVELAND TWIN CITIES SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes at 4420 Su­ UPPER MIDWEST SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. perior Ave. For more information call (216) 391-SSS3. Formative years of the Communist International- a Thurs, June 28: Transitional Program. Teacher: Phil seven-doss series on the early years of the C.l. in Lazar. its revolutionary period. Lecture followed by discus­ HOUSTON sion groups. Monday nights, 7:30 p.m. 1 University SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Socialism in America. Ave. N.E., Mpls. Sponsored by Socialist Workers Party Series of classes held Sundays, 3 P·"'·· 3311 Montrose. Minneapolis Campaign and Young Socialist Alliance. Ausp: Young Socialist Alliance. 50c per session. For Reading material for classes available at Labor Book­ more information call(ll 3) 526-1082. store, 1 University Ave. N.E., Mpls. For more infor­ Sun., July 1: Foundations of the Leninist Party in mation call {612) 332-7781 . the U.S.A.

LOS ANGELES THE STRUGGLE FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE. WASHINGTON, D.C. Speakers: Marwan Abu Ali, Palestinian citizen; Marc PERSPECTIVES FOR LABOR IN '73: THE FARM Bedner, Socialist Workers Party. Fri., June 29, 8 p.m. WORKERS STRUGGLE AND ORGANIZED LABOR. 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Third Floor. Donation: Speakers: Gilbert Padilla, vice-president, United Form S1, h.s. students 50c. For more information call (213) Workers Union; Frank Lovell, staff writer for The 464-9759. Militant. Fri., June 29, 8 p.m. 1345 ESt. N.W., Fourth Floor. Donation: $1, h.s. students 50c Ausp: Militant NEW YORK CITY Forum and United Form Workers Union, AFL-CIO THE MEANING OF BREZHNEV'S VISIT-WHATS {Washington area). For more information call {202) BEHIND THE U.S.-SOVIET DETENTE? Speaker: Jack 783-2391. Barnes, notional secretory of the Socialist Workers Party. Fri., June 29, 8 p.m. Catholic Center, New SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Two classes: Sat., June York University, 58 Washington Square South. Enter 30: Transitional Program and its application; Current on Thompson St. Ausp: New York Socialist Workers radicali•ation and the new period of capitalist decline. Party Campaign. Donation: S1. For more information Teacher: Frank Lovell. For more information call {202) call (212) 982-4966. 783-2391. Does capitalism--...... bug you? Subscribe. 3 months Join the 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014 Young Socialist Bert corona Now available speaks Alliance! I on La Raza Unida Party & The 'Illegal The YSA is a revolutionary socialist organization for young people who want AI ien' Scare. In Eng I ish or Spanish. an alternative to this decaying society. A total transformation of society and the CRITIQUE 35 cents. construction of socialism is what the YSA is fighting for. If you want to.work for Critique is a new independent Marxist journal of Pathfinder Press, 410 West Street, Soviet and East European studies. It is essential New Yorlc, N.Y. 10014 a revolutionary change, join the YSA. reading for every socialist interested in Eastern Europe. -Send me a free copy of the Join the YSA brochure. The first number contains articles on: 11 Workers' -Enclosed is $__ for __ copies of the Join the YSA brochure at two cents each Councils in Czechoslovakia"; "Towards a Political Calendar and classified ad rates: 75 ($2/1 00). Economy of the USSR"; "Historiography of the 11 cents per line of 56-character-wide type­ Russian Revolution ; plus a comprehensive review _I want to join the YSA. of current events, book reviews, and original wriHen copy. Display ad rates: $10 per -1 would like more information about the YSA. translations. column inch ($7.50 if camera-ready ad _Enclosed is $1 for 6 months (6 issues) of the YOUNG SOCIALIST. Advisory Editorial Board: Ernest Mandel, Peter is enclosed). Payment must be included Sedgwick, Paul M. Sweezy. with ads. The Militant is published each Annual subscription only $3. Single issue $1.50. Name------­ Send cheques to: Critique, 31 Cleveden Rood, week on Friday. Deadlines for ad copy: Address------Glasgow G 12 OPH, Scotland. Friday, one week preceding publication, CitY------State ______for classified and display ads; Wednes­ Zip Phone ______day noon, two days preceding publica­ tion, for calendar ads. Telephone: (212) YSA, Box 471 Cooper Station, New York, N.Y. 10003. (212) 989-7570. 243-6392.

THE MILITANT/JUNE 29, 1973 23 THE MILITANT Black activists in North Carolina facing frame-up trial, mounting racist violence By BAXTER SMITH IT convicted, each defendant will face killed Wright, who had visited the Richard Hatcher, and Imamu Baraka WILMINGTON, N.C., June 19- up to 10 years in prison. home. for the National Black Assembly. "God save the state and this honor­ The charges stem from the March Chavis and the Hickses are charged During the defendants' support ral­ able court." 13, 1971, shooting of Clifton Eugene with counseling Nixon to tell police . ly, local racists were busy organizing. With these words, the head bailiff Wright, which occurred in the wake officers he had seen a white man run A rally was held by the ROWP, Ku today brought to order a Wilming­ of intense racial strife earlier that from the home after shooting Wright. Klux Klan, and National State's ton, N.C., Superior Court. On trial year. The trial opened yesterday amid are Reverend Ben Chavis, field orga­ Chavis and the Hickses are charged rising white racist violence. WILMINGTON, N.C., June 20- nizer for the Commission for Racial with "giving aid, comfort, and assis­ In the early morning of June 16 Justice (CRJ); Molly Hicks, and her tance" to Donald Nixon, who was Paul Allred, a former leader of the At 12:19 a.m. today a dynamite daughter, Leatrice Hicks. -The three guarding the home of Molly Hicks local vigilante group Rights of White explosion ripped apart the B'nai are accused of being "accessories after against white vigilante attacks. In an People (ROWP), was arrested for try­ Israel Synagogue here. This is the fact of voluntary manslaughter." earlier trial, Nixon was found to have ing to run down four Blacks with his the latest bombing in the current car. Later that afternoon, several wave of terror gfipping this city. sticks of dynamite with a burned out Leroy Gibson, the leader of the fuse were found outside the home of a local Black activist. Rights of White People, a local On June 17, a support rally was terrorist group, had told a June held for the three defendants at a lo­ 17 rally of white racists that they cal park. To intimidate supporters, should take 'strong actions' dur­ the police had the park enclosed with ing the visit of Angela Davis for barricades and cop cars, both marked the trial of Ben Chavis, Molly and unmarked. A police helicopter flew overhead. Cops were stationed Hicks, and Leatrice Hicks. throughout the crowd and stood on surrounding buildings. Rights Party, which drew 75 people. Nevertheless, some 1,200 people All three groups have been vying for turned out to hear Angela Davis; Ben the support of local racists. ROWP Chavis; Owusu Sadaukai, chairman claims the Klan is "too moderate." of the African Liberation Support Later that evening, a dynamite ex­ Committee; Larry Little of the Black plosion wrecked the rear portion of Panther Party; Irv Joyner, a commu­ the home of a white Wilmington resi­ nity director for the CRJ; and other dent. When interviewed by reporters, local speakers. the victim revealed his car had been A statement of support for the Wil­ sabotaged earlier and that he · had mington Three was received from thought someone was out to "get him." Gary, Ind., Mayor Richard Hatcher. Police have not turned up any clues Part of the crowd at the June 17 rally in defense of Ben Chavis, and Molly and Another support message was signed in the case. Leatrice Hicks.. by U. S. R~presentative Charles Diggs, Continued on page 22

Racist terror major issue in local election Anger rises in Atlanta over police killings ByJOELABER housing project. Her mother had months ago he was calling for the shooting of Pamela Dixison. ATLANTA, June 14-Anger over po-. called the police because her mentally firing of Inman, but he has since re­ "It seems," Judge Bradford said, lice shootings that have left five Blacks disturbed daughter was poking holes_ treated. Jackson now says, "I'll dis­ "that respect for law enforcement has dead and three others wounded in in the screen door with a kitchen knife. miss him if I find he can't do his reached a new low in Atlanta, Ga. the past four months has become the Eight witnesses testified to what hap­ job after I take office." Justice will not be served by anarchy key issue in the 1973 municipal elec­ pened next. Seven patrol cars respond­ and street justice. . . . The only hope tions here. ed to the call; the cops stood in the Inman was appointed by the present of a society gone mad is Christian One of the dead was a victim of yard and laughed, but made no at­ mayor, liberal Democrat Sam Mas­ sanity." Atlanta's new stake-out squad, an en­ tempt to disarm Pamela Dixison. Af­ sell, who went on TV to tell Atlanta's Attorney Howard Moore, who rep­ trapment unit much like the former ter several minutes she walked off the citizens, "What Atlanta needs is a resented Pamela Dixison's mother, STRESS squad in Detroit. porch towards the cops. All backed tough, honest cop like John Inman." told reporters this afternoon he in­ Another was Hubert Comer, a Black away, except for officer J.D. Roberts, The "law and order" statements of tends to bring suit against Massell who drew his revolver and shot Pam­ these Democratic candidates were ech­ and Inman in federal court to pre­ Joel Aber is the Socialist Workers ela Dixison through the stomach. oed today by Judge Kermit Bradford vent them from carrying out further in his refusal to indict Roberts in the terror in the Black community. Pprty candidate for Atlanta city As the hearing on the indictment council president. of Roberts began yesterday, 200 dem­ onstrators converged on the Fulton motorist who was stopped by a cop County court house after marching and shot on Peachtree Street, Atlanta's from Capitol Homes. They carried main thoroughfare. Officer J. K. Rag­ signs reading "Justice for Pamela Dix­ land and four other cops planted a ison," "End Police Terror," "Black Con­ knife on Comer's body, but they trol of the Police," and "Fire Chief weren't even suspended from the force Inman." by Chief of Police John Inman until Debby Bustin of the Socialist Work­ they were fired by the Board of Alder­ ers Party was the only mayoral can­ men. didate to show up at a June 10 rally So far not one cop has been tried at Capitol Homes to protest the shoot­ as a result of these murders. Chief ing of Pamela Dixison. Bustin has Inman refuses to even reprimand kill­ demanded the firing of Chief Inman er cops. and the abolition of the stake-out This afternoon dozens of angry squad. The SWP's position, presented Blacks stormed out of a Fulton Coun­ at open hearings and news conferences ty courtroom as the judge announced over the past three months, has been his refusal to indict a white cop who carried on every major radio and shot and critically wounded a 14-year­ television station. old Black woman June 4. Black Democratic Vice-Mayor May­ Pamela Dixison was shot outside nard Jackson is considered the lead­ her apartment in the Capitol Homes ing candidate for mayor. Three Demonstrators outside Fulton County Court House June 14 Militant/Lynn Henderson

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