Washer (Hardware)
Washer (hardware) sort of insulation such as electrical • Spring washers, which have axial flexibility and are used to prevent fastening loosening due to vibrations • Locking washers, which prevent fastening loosening by preventing unscrewing rotation of the fastening device; locking washers are usually also spring wash- ers. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) pro- vides standards for general use flat washers. Type A is a series of steel washers with broad tolerances, where pre- cision is NOT critical. Type B is a series of flat washers with tighter tolerances where outside diameters are cate- gorized as 'Narrow', 'Regular' or 'Wide' for specific bolt sizes.[2] Assorted washers: flat, split, star and insulated 'Type' is not to be confused with 'form' (but often is). A washer is a thin plate (typically disk-shaped) with a hole The British Standard for Metric Series Metal Washers (typically in the middle) that is normally used to distribute (BS4320) written in 1968 coined the term 'form'. The the load of a threaded fastener, such as a screw or nut. forms go from A to D for Bright Metal and denote out- Other uses are as a spacer, spring (belleville washer, wave side diameter and thickness. They can be summarised as washer), wear pad, preload indicating device, locking de- - vice, and to reduce vibration (rubber washer). Wash- ers usually have an outer diameter (OD) about twice the • Form A: Normal diameter, normal thickness width of their inner diameter (ID). • Form B: Normal diameter, light thickness Washers are usually metal or plastic. High quality bolted joints require hardened steel washers to prevent the loss • Form C: Large diameter, normal thickness of pre-load due to Brinelling after the torque is applied.
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