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Demeter and Dionysos: Connections in Literature, Cult and Iconography Kathryn Cook April 2011
Demeter and Dionysos: Connections in Literature, Cult and Iconography Kathryn Cook April 2011 Demeter and Dionysos are two gods among the Greek pantheon who are not often paired up by modern scholars; however, evidence from a number of sources alluding to myth, cult and iconography shows that there are similarities and connections observable from our present point of view, that were commented upon by contemporary authors. This paper attempts to examine the similarities and connections between Demeter and Dionysos up through the Classical period. These two deities were not always entwined in myth. Early evidence of gods in the Linear B tablets mention Dionysos as the name of a deity, but Demeter’s name does not appear in the records until later. Over the centuries (up to approximately the 6th century as mentioned in this paper), Demeter and Dionysos seem to have been depicted together in cult and in literature more and more often. In particular, the figure of Iacchos in the Eleusinian cult seems to form a bridging element between the two which grew from being a personification of the procession for Demeter, into being a Dionysos figure who participated in her cult. Literature: Demeter and Dionysos have some interesting parallels in literature. To begin with, they are both rarely mentioned in the Homeric poems, compared to other gods like Hera or Athena. In the Iliad, neither Demeter nor Dionysos plays a role as a main character. Instead they are mentioned in passing, as an example or as an element of an epic simile.1 These two divine figures are present even less often in the Odyssey, though this is perhaps a reflection of the fewer appearances of the gods overall, they are 1 Demeter: 2.696. -
Mythological Magic Items
MY T H O LO G I C A L MAGIC ITEMS Sample file MYTHOLOGICAL MAGIC ITEMS Introduction: The magical creations herein hail from classical antiquity. Whether they be in the hands of friend or foe, they are certain to infuse your game with a certain mythological flavor straight from the epic poems of old! In addition to 30 magic items, there is also a bonus creature from the gates of hell. Author: Eugene Marshall Layout: Amy Bliss Marshall Cover: Figure Inks by Bien Flores, Figure Colors by Basith Ibrahim, Background Image by Yusef Dundar Interior Art: art made available under the Community Content Agreement for the DMs Guild by Wizards of the Coast and from Edouard Dognin, Mateus Campos, Mike Gorrell, & Milada Vigerova Sample file DUNGEONS & DRAGONS, D&D, Wizards of the Coast, Forgotten Realms, Ravenloft, Eberron, the dragon ampersand, Ravnica and all other Wizards of the Coast product names, and their respective logos are trademarks of Wizards of the Coast in the USA and other countries. This work contains material that is copyright Wizards of the Coast and/or other authors. Such material is used with permission under the Community Content Agreement for Dungeon Masters Guild. All other original material in this work is copyright 2019 by Eugene Marshall & Arcanist Press and published under the Community Content Agreement for Dungeon Masters Guild. Table of Contents Magic Items Aegis of Zeus 4 Hercules’ Club 7 Aeolus’ Bag of Gales 4 Lantern of Diogenes 7 Ambrosia 4 Lyre of Apollo 7 Archimedes’ Mirror 4 Odysseus’ Bow 7 Artemis’ Longbow of the -
Νοῦν Μὲγ' Ἄριστος Καὶ Γλῶσσαν 2021 Acl National Greek
ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2021 INTRODUCTION TO GREEK νοῦν µὲγ’ ἄριστος καὶ γλῶσσαν 2021 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAMINATION INTRODUCTION TO GREEK TIME: 50 MINUTES DO NOT USE DICTIONARY 1) In the upper left-hand corner, fill in the boxes with your name (last, first) and fill in the corresponding bubbles below each box. 2) In the lower left-hand corner under “special codes”, fill in the boxes with your school number. Your examiner will give you your school number. Fill in the corresponding bubbles below each box. 3) In the lower right box under “exam type”, write the exam name (INTRODUCTION). 4) In the vertical column in the middle, fill in the bubble for your current grade level. INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT: Mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. Answers not bubbled on the answer sheet will not be scored. There is only one correct answer/choice for each question. Choose the best possible answer. Remember: Use a #2 pencil only. Fill in the bubbles on the answer sheet completely and neatly. Erase unwanted answers on the answer sheet completely. Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet. καλὴ εὐτυχία! π 1. The letter directly following is θ. a) ο b) . ρ c) . ν. d) Γ 2. The lower-case equivalent of the letter is λ. a) τ. b) γ. c) η. d) 1 ACL NATIONAL GREEK EXAM - 2021 INTRODUCTION TO GREEK Ζηνόθεµις 3. The name in an English transliteration would be a) Zinotemis. b) Zenothemis. c) Zevothemis. d) Zanophemis. 4. The word ‘orchēstra’ in Greek characters is ὀρξήστρα. -
Greek Characters
Amphitrite - Wife to Poseidon and a water nymph. Poseidon - God of the sea and son to Cronos and Rhea. The Trident is his symbol. Arachne - Lost a weaving contest to Athene and was turned into a spider. Father was a dyer of wool. Athene - Goddess of wisdom. Daughter of Zeus who came out of Zeus’s head. Eros - Son of Aphrodite who’s Roman name is Cupid; Shoots arrows to make people fall in love. Demeter - Goddess of the harvest and fertility. Daughter of Cronos and Rhea. Hades - Ruler of the underworld, Tartaros. Son of Cronos and Rhea. Brother to Zeus and Poseidon. Hermes - God of commerce, patron of liars, thieves, gamblers, and travelers. The messenger god. Persephone - Daughter of Demeter. Painted the flowers of the field and was taken to the underworld by Hades. Daedalus - Greece’s greatest inventor and architect. Built the Labyrinth to house the Minotaur. Created wings to fly off the island of Crete. Icarus - Flew too high to the sun after being warned and died in the sea which was named after him. Son of Daedalus. Oranos - Titan of the Sky. Son of Gaia and father to Cronos. Aphrodite - Born from the foam of Oceanus and the blood of Oranos. She’s the goddess of Love and beauty. Prometheus - Known as mankind’s first friend. Was tied to a Mountain and liver eaten forever. Son of Oranos and Gaia. Gave fire and taught men how to hunt. Apollo - God of the sun and also medicine, gold, and music. Son of Zeus and Leto. Baucis - Old peasant woman entertained Zeus and Hermes. -
Aspects of the Demeter/Persephone Myth in Modern Fiction
Aspects of the Demeter/Persephone myth in modern fiction Janet Catherine Mary Kay Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (Ancient Cultures) at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Dr Sjarlene Thom December 2006 I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. Signature: ………………………… Date: ……………… 2 THE DEMETER/PERSEPHONE MYTH IN MODERN FICTION TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. Introduction: The Demeter/Persephone Myth in Modern Fiction 4 1.1 Theories for Interpreting the Myth 7 2. The Demeter/Persephone Myth 13 2.1 Synopsis of the Demeter/Persephone Myth 13 2.2 Commentary on the Demeter/Persephone Myth 16 2.3 Interpretations of the Demeter/Persephone Myth, Based on Various 27 Theories 3. A Fantasy Novel for Teenagers: Treasure at the Heart of the Tanglewood 38 by Meredith Ann Pierce 3.1 Brown Hannah – Winter 40 3.2 Green Hannah – Spring 54 3.3 Golden Hannah – Summer 60 3.4 Russet Hannah – Autumn 67 4. Two Modern Novels for Adults 72 4.1 The novel: Chocolat by Joanne Harris 73 4.2 The novel: House of Women by Lynn Freed 90 5. Conclusion 108 5.1 Comparative Analysis of Identified Motifs in the Myth 110 References 145 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The question that this thesis aims to examine is how the motifs of the myth of Demeter and Persephone have been perpetuated in three modern works of fiction, which are Treasure at the Heart of the Tanglewood by Meredith Ann Pierce, Chocolat by Joanne Harris and House of Women by Lynn Freed. -
Persephone – Daughter & Goddess of the Underworld
Persephone – Daughter & Goddess of the Underworld These researches are based on Jean Bolen's book 'Goddesses in everywoman' I start this journey into the Feminine Archetypes with Persephone, the Maiden & Mother’s Daughter as she represents an image that most women have to deal with from very early childhood on and throughout life: to be a good girl and please others. Persephone’s positive qualities, such as being attentive, receptive, quiet, flexible, adaptable and innocent still determine the image in many cultures of how a “perfect woman´ should be. This pretty, yet incomplete image of a woman’s nature has caused immense suffering to numerous women who do not feel these attributes are natural to them. Persephone's image may also bring melancholic memories of the past days for women who repress their playfulness and girlish innocence in adulthood to avoid vulnerability and being manipulated by others, . Let’s have a closer look to this Goddess who has much more to offer than just innocence and passivity. Mythology Persephone is the only daughter of Zeus & Demeter. After years of a carefree childhood while gathering flowers and playing with her friends, she was kidnapped by Hades, God of the Underworld. Through the persistent efforts of her mother, she was released from the Underworld and came back to be joyfully reunited with her parents, where she continued to have a very close bond with her mother. However, she had eaten some Pomegranate seeds before being set free which tethered her to the Underworld. An important part of her soul stays deeply connected to the Underworld where she now becomes a guide for those who are looking for her. -
The Myth of Persephone: Greek Goddess of the Underworld Original
The Myth of Persephone: Greek Goddess of the Underworld Original Story and Interpretation by Laura Strong, PhD http://www.mythicarts.com/writing/Persephone.html ©2000-2014 Laura Strong It was a beautiful day like all the others in this land, the sun shone brightly in the sky, the hills were lush and green, and flowers blossomed from the earth. The lovely young maiden, Persephone, frolicked with her friends upon the hillside, as her mother Demeter sat near by, and her father Zeus peered down from the sky above. Laughter could be heard in between the young girls' whispered secrets, as they gathered handfuls of purple crocuses, royal blue irises and sweet-smelling hyacinths. Persephone thought to bring some to her mother, but was soon distracted by a vision of the most enchanting flower she had ever seen. It was a narcissus, the exact flower her father hoped that she would find. As she reached down to pluck it from its resting place, her feet began to tremble and the earth was split in two. Life for Persephone would never be the same again. From this gaping crevice in the ground emerged the awe-inspiring God of the Underworld, Hades, and before Persephone could even think to utter a word, she was whisked off her feet onto the God's golden chariot. As the crack of the whip upon his majestic horses brought her to her senses, she realized she was about to taken into the black depths from which he'd come. The thought of this brought terror to her heart, yet any screams of protest were soon lost within the darkness, as they descended quickly into the Underworld below. -
THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES of DEMETER and PERSEPHONE: Fertility, Sexuality, Ancl Rebirth Mara Lynn Keller
THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES OF DEMETER AND PERSEPHONE: Fertility, Sexuality, ancl Rebirth Mara Lynn Keller The story of Demeter and Persephone, mother and daugher naturc goddesses, provides us with insights into the core beliefs by which earl) agrarian peoples of the Mediterranean related to “the creative forces of thc universe”-which some people call God, or Goddess.’ The rites of Demetei and Persephone speak to the experiences of life that remain through all time< the most mysterious-birth, sexuality, death-and also to the greatest niys tery of all, enduring love. In these ceremonies, women and inen expressec joy in the beauty and abundance of nature, especially the bountiful harvest in personal love, sexuality and procreation; and in the rebirth of the humail spirit, even through suffering and death. Cicero wrote of these rites: “Wc have been given a reason not only to live in joy, but also to die with bettei hope. ”2 The Mother Earth religion ceIebrated her children’s birth, enjoyment of life and loving return to her in death. The Earth both nourished the living and welcomed back into her body the dead. As Aeschylus wrote in TIic Libation Bearers: Yea, summon Earth, who brings all things to life and rears, and takes again into her womb.3 I wish to express my gratitude for the love and wisdom of my mother, hlary 1’. Keller, and of Dr. Muriel Chapman. They have been invaluable soiirces of insight and under- standing for me in these studies. So also have been the scholarship, vision atdot- friendship of Carol €! Christ, Charlene Spretnak, Deem Metzger, Carol Lee Saiichez, Ruby Rohrlich, Starhawk, Jane Ellen Harrison, Kiane Eisler, Alexis Masters, Richard Trapp, John Glanville, Judith Plaskow, Jim Syfers, Jim Moses, Bonnie blacCregor and Lil Moed. -
Greek Mythology Crossword
Name: _____________________________________________________ Date: _______ Greek Mythology Crossword 1 2 D I O N Y S U S H A 3 4 5 T A N D H R E E 6 7 H E C A T E H E R M E S L E E 8 9 10 E A M H P S 11 12 13 L B N I K E P O S E I D O N Y Y S S L S T 14 S H E R A T Y R 15 I I I I P E 16 U N A A L P H A R 17 M T P E K A 18 19 A T H E N A C H I M A E R A T U O 20 21 X I P H O S U Z E U S N S O 22 23 A T A L A N T A I C A R U S Across 20. The name of the standard greek 5. This goddess's symbol is a broken 1. This god once attempted a failed sword. wheel. invasion of India. 21. This god once changed his lover, Io 8. The realm of the honored dead, ruled 6. The goddess of magic, choices, and into a cow. by Hades. darkness. 22. The fleetfooted huntress who evaded 9. This maiden goddess tends to the 7. The messenger god of thieves and arranged marriage by forcing each suitor to central hearth of Olympus. travelers. race her. 10. The cyclops who trapped Odysseus 11. -
Playscripts Persephone
Playscripts Assessment Task 6 Persephone Teacher notes: Persephone Curriculum references: Years 5–6 Programme of study: Reading comprehension Children should be taught to: • maintain positive attitudes to reading and – drawing inferences such as inferring characters’ understanding of what they read by: feelings, thoughts and motives from their actions, – continuing to read and discuss an increasingly and justifying inferences with evidence wide range of fiction, poetry, plays, non-fiction – predicting what might happen from details stated and reference books or textbooks and implied – preparing poems and plays to read aloud and • explain and discuss their understanding of to perform, showing understanding through what they have read, including through formal intonation, tone and volume so that the meaning presentations and debates, maintaining a focus on is clear to an audience the topic and using notes where necessary • understand what they read by: • provide reasoned justifications for their views. Running the task • The children should have had experience of reading • Ask the children to complete the task sheet a range of playscripts, with different layouts and independently. some variation in conventions. It is important that the • As a plenary, put the children into groups of three. children understand the concept of a scene. Remind More able readers may cope better with the role of them that this is where there is a change of place or Apollo. After allowing time for rehearsal, encourage time in a play or film. the children to perform for each other. Deploy • Explain that this scene is from a play by Julia adults to support any groups you feel may struggle. -
Athena ΑΘΗΝΑ Zeus ΖΕΥΣ Poseidon ΠΟΣΕΙΔΩΝ Hades ΑΙΔΗΣ
gods ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝ ΑΡΤΕΜΙΣ ΑΘΗΝΑ ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΣ Athena Greek name Apollo Artemis Minerva Roman name Dionysus Diana Bacchus The god of music, poetry, The goddess of nature The goddess of wisdom, The god of wine and art, and of the sun and the hunt the crafts, and military strategy and of the theater Olympian Son of Zeus by Semele ΕΡΜΗΣ gods Twin children ΗΦΑΙΣΤΟΣ Hermes of Zeus by Zeus swallowed his first Mercury Leto, born wife, Metis, and as a on Delos result Athena was born ΑΡΗΣ Hephaestos The messenger of the gods, full-grown from Vulcan and the god of boundaries Son of Zeus the head of Zeus. Ares by Maia, a Mars The god of the forge who must spend daughter The god and of artisans part of each year in of Atlas of war Persephone the underworld as the consort of Hades ΑΙΔΗΣ ΖΕΥΣ ΕΣΤΙΑ ΔΗΜΗΤΗΡ Zeus ΗΡΑ ΠΟΣΕΙΔΩΝ Hades Jupiter Hera Poseidon Hestia Pluto Demeter The king of the gods, Juno Vesta Ceres Neptune The goddess of The god of the the god of the sky The goddess The god of the sea, the hearth, underworld The goddess of and of thunder of women “The Earth-shaker” household, the harvest and marriage and state ΑΦΡΟΔΙΤΗ Hekate The goddess Aphrodite First-generation Second- generation of magic Venus ΡΕΑ Titans ΚΡΟΝΟΣ Titans The goddess of MagnaRhea Mater Astraeus love and beauty Mnemosyne Kronos Saturn Deucalion Pallas & Perses Pyrrha Kronos cut off the genitals Crius of his father Uranus and threw them into the sea, and Asteria Aphrodite arose from them. -
Persephone: Symbol of Rebirth
SECTION II CHAPTER 7 PERSEPHONE: SYMBOL OF REBIRTH PAPER CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MYTHIC TALE: SYNOPSIS LORD HADES: ARCHETYPE OF THE DEATH FORCE DEMETER: ARCHETYPE OF THE LIFE FORCE THE UNDERWORLD: WORLD OF SHADOWS AND SOULS PERSEPHONE: THE WAY OF THE FEMININE Name and Origins Daughterhood Abduction and Marriage Pomegranate Judgment of Seasons Motherhood Queenhood Deep Feminine Caretaker of Souls RETURN AND REBIRTH FEMININE INDIVIDUATION CLOSING COMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION The mythic tale of Persephone’s abduction by Hades, the personification of the Death Force, and the unremitting search by her mother, Demeter, Goddess exemplar of the Life Force, relates a fascinating account of how Death and Life Forces interact with each other. In the tale, Persephone holds the tension between Life and Death Forces and in doing so produces a new alterative, Rebirth. As maiden she is ever ready to birth, to give Life. Although Persephone's name means 'Bringer of Destruction', as Queen of the Underworld she regenerates the Souls that come to her realm. The mythic tale suggests that the resolution of the tension between Life and Death leads to the transcendent third. The prior two chapters focus on transformation that is needed for the feminine to carry out the “return” from its suppressed state. The chapter on Pele and Hi’iaka brought attention to feminine transformation that occurred when relationship based on fertility gave way to relationship based on personal encounter. The chapter on The Goose Girl addresses the transformation that leads to feminine personhood when daughter separates from the mother. In this chapter attention is given to the transformation that rebirth brings about, namely, enabling and revitalizing the Individuation Process.