Neurological Sciences

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Neurological Sciences Neurological Sciences Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society Founded by Renato Boeri (1979–1993) continued by Giuliano Avanzini (until 2011) Editor-in-Chief Advisory Board A. Federico, Siena G. Abbruzzese, Genova E. Granieri, Ferrara Associate Editors U. Aguglia, Reggio Calabria G.L. Lenzi, Roma A. Berardelli, Roma C. Angelini, Padova M.G. Marrosu, Cagliari C. Caltagirone, Roma U. Bonuccelli, Pisa G.V. Martino, Milano S. Cappa, Milano P. Calabresi, Roma G. Meola, Milano G. Comi, Milano A. Carolei, L’Aquila G. Micieli, Pavia D. Inzitari, Firenze E. Cattaneo, Milano E. Nobile-Orazio, Milano G.L. Mancardi, Genova M. Ceroni, Pavia D. Pareyson, Milano L. Provinciali, Ancona E. Ciceri, Milano L. Santoro, Napoli A. Quattrone, Catanzaro P. Cortelli, Bologna G. Savettieri, Palermo P.M. Rossini, Roma G. Cruccu, Roma R. Soffi etti, Torino C. Serrati, Genova N. De Stefano, Siena S. Sorbi, Firenze F. Taroni, Milano M.T. Dotti, Siena R. Sterzi, Milano G. Tedeschi, Napoli C. Ferrarese, Monza P. Tinuper, Bologna G. Vita, Messina M. Filippi, Milano M. Trojano, Bari A. Filla, Napoli M. Zappia, Catania Editorial Assistant M.T. Giordana, Torino D. Zee, Baltimora G. Castelli, Milano P. Girlanda, Messina M. Zeviani, Milano Continuation of The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1 3 Neurological Sciences Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society For Readers New York NY 10013-1578, USA Aims and Scope While the advice and information in this journal is Tel.: 800-SPRINGER (777-4643) 212-460-1500 Neurological Sciences is intended to provide a believed to be true and accurate at the date of its (outside North America) medium for the communication of results and ideas publication, neither the authors, the editors, nor the in the field of neuroscience. The journal welcomes publisher can accept any legal responsibility for Outside the Americas contributions in both the basic and clinical aspects any errors or omissions that may have been made. Springer Customer Service Center GmbH of the neurosciences. The official language of the The publisher makes no warranty, express or Tiergartenstr. 15, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany journal is English. Reports are published in the implied, with respect to the material contained Tel.: +49-6221-345-4303 form of original articles, short communications, herein. editorials, reviews and case reports. Original articles All articles published in this journal are Advertisements present the results of experimental or clinical protected by copyright, which covers the studies in the neurosciences, while short exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the Barbara Pedrotti communications are succinct reports permitting article (e.g., as offprints), as well as all translation E-mail contact: [email protected] the rapid publication of novel results. Original rights. No material published in this journal may contributions may be submitted for the special be reproduced photographically or stored on Disclaimer sections History of Neurology, Health Care and microfi lm, in electronic data bases, on video Neurological Digressions - a forum for cultural disks, etc., without fi rst obtaining written Springer publishes advertisements in this journal topics related to the neurosciences. The journal also permission from the publisher (respective the in reliance upon the responsibility of the advertiser publishes correspondence book reviews, meeting copyright owner if other than Springer). The use to comply with all legal requirements relating to reports and announcements. of general descriptive names, trade names, the marketing and sale of products or services Manuscripts submitted for publication must trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if not advertised. Springer and the editors are not contain a statement to the effect that all human specifi cally identifi ed, does not imply that these responsible for claims made in the advertisements studies have been reviewed by the appropriate names are not protected by the relevant laws and published in the journal. The appearance of ethics committee and have therefore been regulations. advertisements in Springer publications does not performed in accordance with the ethical Springer has partnered with Copyright constitute endorsement, implied or intended, of standards laid down in an appropriate version Clearance Center’s RightsLink service to offer a the product advertised or the claims made for it by of the 1965 Declaration of Helsinki. It should also variety of options for reusing Springer content. the advertiser. be stated clearly in the text that all persons gave For permission to reuse our content please locate the their informed consent prior to their inclusion in material that you wish to use on link.springer.com the study. Details that might disclose the identity or on springerimages. com and click on the Office of Publication of the subjects under study should be omitted. permissions link or go to copyright.com and enter Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l Via Decembrio 28, Reports of animal experiments must state the title of the publication that you wish to use. 20137 Milan, Italy that the Principles of Laboratory Animal Care For assistance in placing a permission request, (NIH publication no. 86-23 revised 1985) Copyright Clearance Center can be contacted Registrazione del Tribunale di Milano were followed as were applicable national laws directly via phone: +1-855-239-3415, fax: N. 1 del 3 gennaio 1978 (e.g. the current version of the German Law +1-978-646-8600, or e-mail: info@ copyright.com on the Protection of Animals). The Editor-in-Chief Distribution in Italy occurs according to the reserves the right to reject manuscripts that © Springer-Verlag Italia 2017 Italian Law 196/2003 do not comply with the above-mentioned requirements. Authors will be held responsible Springer is a part of for false statements or for failure to fulfill such Journal Website Springer Science+Business Media requirements. www.springer.com/10072 The journal is open for publication of Electronic edition: link.springer.com/journal/10072 supplements and for publishing abstracts of scientific meetings. Conditions can be obtained from the Editor-in-Chief or the publisher. Subscription Information Neurological Sciences is published 12 times a year. Copyright Information Volume 38 (12 issues) will be published in 2017. For Authors ISSN: 1590-1874 print As soon as an article is accepted for publication, ISSN: 1590-3478 electronic authors will be requested to assign copyright of the article (or to grant exclusive publication and For information on subscription rates please contact dissemination rights) to the publisher (respective Springer Customer Service Center: the owner if other than Springer). This will ensure [email protected] the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws. The Americas (North, South, Central America and More information about copyright regulations for the Caribbean) this journal is available at www.springer.com/10072 Springer Journal Fulfillment 233 Spring Street, STRESA HEADACHE International Multidisciplinary Seminar 2017 Regina Palace Hotel Stresa (VB), Italy 25-27 May 2017 UNDER THE AUSPICES OF INTERNATIONAL HEADACHE SOCIETY PATRONAGES Italian Minister of Health ANIRCEF – Italian Neurological Association for Headache Research ASC – Association for Instruction on Headaches FICEF Onlus – Italian Headache Foundation C. Besta Neurological Institute and Foundation SIN – Italian Neurological Society SNO – Society of Hospital Neurologists PROCEEDINGS STRESA HEADACHE 2017 International Multidisciplinary Seminar PRESIDENT OF THE CONGRESS Gennaro Bussone (Milan) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Elio Agostoni (Milan) Giovanni B. Allais (Turin) Piero Barbanti (Rome) Vincenzo Bonavita (Naples) Gennaro Bussone (Milan) Bruno Colombo (Milan) Domenico D’Amico (Milan) Giovanni D’Andrea (Padua) Fabio Frediani (Milan) Licia Grazzi (Milan) Davide Zarcone (Gallarate, VA) ORGANIZING SECRETARIAT EVA Communication S.r.l. www.evacommunication.it PRESS OFFICE Cesare Peccarisi (Milan) [email protected] Neurological Sciences Volume 38 · Supplement 1 · May 2017 Continuation of table of contents Shared mechanisms of epilepsy, migraine and KEY LECTURE affective disorders Understanding migraine as a cycling brain syndrome: D. Zarcone · S. Corbetta S73 reviewing the evidence from functional imaging Headache and endovascular procedures A. May S125 S. de Biase · M. Longoni · G. Luigi Gigli · E. Agostoni S77 SYMPOSIUM TREATMENT PERSPECTIVES CLINICAL ASPECTS OF HEADACHE FOR ONABOTULINUM TOXINA Neurobiology of chronicization Action mechanisms of Onabotulinum toxin-A: G.C. Manzoni · M. Russo · A. Taga · P. Torelli S81 hints for selection of eligible patients C. Lovati · L. Giani S131 Treating migraine with contraceptives G. Allais · G. Chiarle · S. Sinigaglia · G. Airola · P. Schiapparelli · Onabotulinumtoxin A for chronic migraine F. Bergandi · C. Benedetto S85 with medication overuse: clinical results of a long-term treatment Chiari malformation type 1-related headache: L. Grazzi S141 the importance of a multidisciplinary study M. Curone · L.G. Valentini · I. Vetrano · E. Beretta · M. Furlanetto · L. Chiapparini · A. Erbetta · G. Bussone S91 NEWS ON THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY HEADACHES New treatments for headache Chiari malformation-related headache: outcome after K. Maasumi · S.J. Tepper · A.M. Rapoport S145 surgical treatment E. Beretta · I.G. Vetrano · M. Curone · L. Chiapparini · Behavioral therapy: emotion and pain, a common M. Furlanetto
Recommended publications
  • Nerves of the Orbit Optic Nerve the Optic Nerve Enters the Orbit from the Middle Cranial Fossa by Passing Through the Optic Canal
    human anatomy 2016 lecture fourteen Dr meethak ali ahmed neurosurgeon Nerves of the Orbit Optic Nerve The optic nerve enters the orbit from the middle cranial fossa by passing through the optic canal . It is accompanied by the ophthalmic artery, which lies on its lower lateral side. The nerve is surrounded by sheath of pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater. It runs forward and laterally within the cone of the recti muscles and pierces the sclera at a point medial to the posterior pole of the eyeball. Here, the meninges fuse with the sclera so that the subarachnoid space with its contained cerebrospinal fluid extends forward from the middle cranial fossa, around the optic nerve, and through the optic canal, as far as the eyeball. A rise in pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid within the cranial cavity therefore is transmitted to theback of the eyeball. Lacrimal Nerve The lacrimal nerve arises from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. It enters the orbit through the upper part of the superior orbital fissure and passes forward along the upper border of the lateral rectus muscle . It is joined by a branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve, whi(parasympathetic secretomotor fibers). The lacrimal nerve ends by supplying the skin of the lateral part of the upper lid. Frontal Nerve The frontal nerve arises from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. It enters the orbit through the upper part of the superior orbital fissure and passes forward on the upper surface of the levator palpebrae superioris beneath the roof of the orbit .
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Anesthesia in Head and Neck Surgery
    TITLE: Regional Anesthesia in Head and Neck Surger SOURCE: Grand Rounds Presentation, UTMB, Dept. of Otolaryngology DATE: May 24, 2006 RESIDENT PHYSICIAN: Jacques Peltier, MD FACULTY PHYSICIAN: Francis B. Quinn, MD SERIES EDITORS: Francis B. Quinn, Jr., MD and Matthew W. Ryan, MD "This material was prepared by resident physicians in partial fulfillment of educational requirements established for the Postgraduate Training Program of the UTMB Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and was not intended for clinical use in its present form. It was prepared for the purpose of stimulating group discussion in a conference setting. No warranties, either express or implied, are made with respect to its accuracy, completeness, or timeliness. The material does not necessarily reflect the current or past opinions of members of the UTMB faculty and should not be used for purposes of diagnosis or treatment without consulting appropriate literature sources and informed professional opinion." Introduction Local anesthetic techniques were popularized early in the history of surgery with the advent of injectable nerve blocking agents. Until their discovery, patients were either held down or knocked unconscious to perform procedures. In the early days of general anesthesia, local anesthesia was preferred in all cases that it was applicable due to the significant risks associated with general anesthesia. Many procedures performed today under general anesthesia, such as tonsillectomy, rhinoplasty, and even bronchoscopy, were performed under local anesthesia to avoid the perils of general anesthetics. With the introduction of pulse oximetry, safer inhaled anesthetics, and combined intravenous and inhaled general anesthesia techniques, general anesthesia has become much safer, resulting in many surgeons being unfamiliar with regional nerve blocks to perform surgery.
    [Show full text]
  • Cranial Neuralgias
    CRANIAL NEURALGIAS Presented by: Neha Sharma M.D. Date: September 27th, 2019 TYPES OF NEURALGIAS ❖ TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA ❖ GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NEURALGIA ❖ NASOCILIARY NEURALGIA ❖ SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NEURALGIA ❖ SUPRAORBITAL NEURALGIA ❖ OCCIPITAL NEURALGIA ❖ SPHENOPALATINE NEURALGIA ❖ GREAT AURICULAR NEURALGIA ❖ NERVUS INTERMEDIUS NEURALGIA ❖ TROCHLEAR NEURALGIA WHAT IS CRANIAL NEURALGIA? ❖ Paroxysmal pain of head, face and/or neck ❖ Unilateral sensory nerve distribution ❖ Pain is described as sharp, shooting, lancinating ❖ Primary or Secondary causes ❖ Multiple triggers TRIGEMINAL (CN V) NEURALGIA TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA ❖ Also called Tic Douloureux ❖ Sudden, unilateral, electrical, shock-like, shooting, sharp pain. Presents affecting Cranial Nerve V; primarily V2 and V3 branches ❖ F>M; 3:1 TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA ❖ Anatomy of Trigeminal Nerve ❖ Cranial Nerve V ❖ Three Branches: Ophthalmic, Maxillary and Mandibular ❖ Sensory supply to forehead/supraorbital, cheeks and jaw https://www.nf2is.org/cn5.php TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA – TRIGGERS ❖ Mastication (73%) ❖ Eating (59%) ❖ Touch (69%) ❖ Talking (58%) ❖ Brushing Teeth (66%) ❖ Cold wind (50%) TYPES OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA ❖ Primary/Classic/Idiopathic ❖ Vascular compression of the nerve – superior cerebellar artery ❖ Secondary/Symptomatic ❖ Caused by intracranial lesions ❖ Tumors, Strokes, Multiple Sclerosis (4%) ❖ Typical vs. Atypical ❖ Paroxysmal (79%) vs. Continuous (21%) IASP/IHS & CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA ❖ IASP – International Association ❖ Classifications for the Study of Pain ❖ I
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Anatomy of the Trigeminal Nerve
    Clinical Anatomy of Trigeminal through the superior orbital fissure Nerve and courses within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus on its way The trigeminal nerve is the fifth of to the trigeminal ganglion. the twelve cranial nerves. Often Ophthalmic Nerve is formed by the referred to as "the great sensory union of the frontal nerve, nerve of the head and neck", it is nasociliary nerve, and lacrimal named for its three major sensory nerve. Branches of the ophthalmic branches. The ophthalmic nerve nerve convey sensory information (V1), maxillary nerve (V2), and from the skin of the forehead, mandibular nerve (V3) are literally upper eyelids, and lateral aspects "three twins" carrying information of the nose. about light touch, temperature, • The maxillary nerve (V2) pain, and proprioception from the enters the middle cranial fossa face and scalp to the brainstem. through foramen rotundum and may or may not pass through the • The three branches converge on cavernous sinus en route to the the trigeminal ganglion (also called trigeminal ganglion. Branches of the semilunar ganglion or the maxillary nerve convey sensory gasserian ganglion), which contains information from the lower eyelids, the cell bodies of incoming sensory zygomae, and upper lip. It is nerve fibers. The trigeminal formed by the union of the ganglion is analogous to the dorsal zygomatic nerve and infraorbital root ganglia of the spinal cord, nerve. which contain the cell bodies of • The mandibular nerve (V3) incoming sensory fibers from the enters the middle cranial fossa rest of the body. through foramen ovale, coursing • From the trigeminal ganglion, a directly into the trigeminal single large sensory root enters the ganglion.
    [Show full text]
  • Supraorbital Nerve Schwannoma in a Young Chinese Man: a Case Report
    CASE REPORT Supraorbital nerve schwannoma in a young Chinese man: a case report and review of the literature Alison Yin-Yung Chan1, MBBS, Marcus M Marcet2, FCOphth HK, FHKAM (Ophth), Tiffany Wing-See Lau3, MBBS 1Hong Kong Eye Hospital 2Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong 3Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Correspondence and reprint requests: Dr Alison Yin-Yung Chan, Hong Kong Eye Hospital. Email: [email protected] acuity. Confrontation testing revealed a left medial inferior Abstract quadrantanopia, which had been documented in 2008 as an old defect with optic atrophy, consistent with left optic disc Schwannomas of peripheral branches of the trigeminal pallor on fundi visualization. Ophthalmologic examination nerve are rare. We report a 23-year-old Chinese man was unremarkable. Systemic evaluation excluded neurofibromatosis. who underwent anterior orbitotomy through an upper eyelid crease incision approach for resection of a Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the orbit supraorbital nerve schwannoma. Clinical features, demonstrated a well-circumscribed, homogenous, moderately imaging findings, and management considerations are enhancing ovoid solid mass of 1.2 cm × 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm discussed, and the literature reviewed. at the superomedial aspect of the extraconal left orbit, anterosuperior to and abutting the globe. There were no aggressive features (bony destruction or invasion to Key words: Eyelids; Neurilemmoma; Orbit surrounding structures), fluid, macroscopic fat component, or evidence of calcification. The left globe, lacrimal gland, Introduction and extraocular muscles were normal (Figure 1). Contrast- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well- Schwannomas are benign, slow-growing tumors arising from defined, homogenous, T1-hypointense and T2-hyperintense, the myelin sheath Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Periorbital Region Review Article Anatomia Da Região Periorbital
    RevSurgicalV5N3Inglês_RevistaSurgical&CosmeticDermatol 21/01/14 17:54 Página 245 245 Anatomy of the periorbital region Review article Anatomia da região periorbital Authors: Eliandre Costa Palermo1 ABSTRACT A careful study of the anatomy of the orbit is very important for dermatologists, even for those who do not perform major surgical procedures. This is due to the high complexity of the structures involved in the dermatological procedures performed in this region. A 1 Dermatologist Physician, Lato sensu post- detailed knowledge of facial anatomy is what differentiates a qualified professional— graduate diploma in Dermatologic Surgery from the Faculdade de Medician whether in performing minimally invasive procedures (such as botulinum toxin and der- do ABC - Santo André (SP), Brazil mal fillings) or in conducting excisions of skin lesions—thereby avoiding complications and ensuring the best results, both aesthetically and correctively. The present review article focuses on the anatomy of the orbit and palpebral region and on the important structures related to the execution of dermatological procedures. Keywords: eyelids; anatomy; skin. RESU MO Um estudo cuidadoso da anatomia da órbita é muito importante para os dermatologistas, mesmo para os que não realizam grandes procedimentos cirúrgicos, devido à elevada complexidade de estruturas envolvidas nos procedimentos dermatológicos realizados nesta região. O conhecimento detalhado da anatomia facial é o que diferencia o profissional qualificado, seja na realização de procedimentos mini- mamente invasivos, como toxina botulínica e preenchimentos, seja nas exéreses de lesões dermatoló- Correspondence: Dr. Eliandre Costa Palermo gicas, evitando complicações e assegurando os melhores resultados, tanto estéticos quanto corretivos. Av. São Gualter, 615 Trataremos neste artigo da revisão da anatomia da região órbito-palpebral e das estruturas importan- Cep: 05455 000 Alto de Pinheiros—São tes correlacionadas à realização dos procedimentos dermatológicos.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Nerve Block of the Upper Eyelid in Oculoplastic Surg E R Y
    E u ropean Journal of Ophthalmology / Vol. 16 no. 4, 2006 / pp. 5 0 9- 5 1 3 Regional nerve block of the upper eyelid in oculoplastic surg e r y A.R. ISMAIL, T. ANTHONY, D.J. MORDANT, H. MacLEAN Portsmouth Eye Unit, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth - UK PU R P O S E. To establish the efficacy of a regional nerve block of the upper eyelid and its ef- fect on levator motor function. ME T H O D S. Forty-one patients underwent surgery on 54 upper eyelids by one surgeon, after ad- ministration of a regional nerve block at the supraorbital notch. The amount of pain experi- enced by patients due to the local anesthetic injection and surgery was determined by using visual analogue scores. The effect of the local anesthetic injection on levator function was d e t e rmined by comparing the measured levator function prior to and following administra- tion. Any complications attributable to the regional sensory nerve block were re c o r d e d . RE S U LT S. Ninety-two percent of patients found the injection painless, and the rest re p o r t e d negligible pain. The mean pain score for the injection was 2 (SD 1.3, range 0–6). The mean pain score for the surgery was 0.3 (SD 0.6, range 0–3). No significant difference was found in levator function prior to and following the injection (pre-function: 14.4 mm, post-func- tion: 13.4 mm, p=0.01).
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Consideration of the Anterior and Lateral Cutaneous Nerves in the Scalp
    J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25: 517-22 ISSN 1011-8934 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.4.517 Anatomical Consideration of the Anterior and Lateral Cutaneous Nerves in the Scalp To better understand the anatomic location of scalp nerves involved in various neu- Seong Man Jeong1, Kyung Jae Park1, rosurgical procedures, including awake surgery and neuropathic pain control, a total Shin Hyuk Kang1, Hye Won Shin 2, of 30 anterolateral scalp cutaneous nerves were examined in Korean adult cadav- Hyun Kim3, Hoon Kap Lee1, 1 ers. The dissection was performed from the distal to the proximal aspects of the and Yong Gu Chung nerve. Considering the external bony landmarks, each reference point was defined Departments of Neurosurgery 1, Anesthesia and Pain for all measurements. The supraorbital nerve arose from the supraorbital notch or Medicine2, and Anatomy 3, Korea University Anam supraorbital foramen 29 mm lateral to the midline (range, 25-33 mm) and 5 mm below Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea the supraorbital upper margin (range, 4-6 mm). The supratrochlear nerve exited from the orbital rim 16 mm lateral to the midline (range, 12-21 mm) and 7 mm below the supraorbital upper margin (range, 6-9 mm). The zygomaticotemporal nerve pierced the deep temporalis fascia 10 mm posterior to the frontozygomatic suture (range, 7-13 mm) and 22 mm above the upper margin of the zygomatic arch (range, 15-27 mm). In addition, three types of zygomaticotemporal nerve branches were Received : 25 March 2009 found. Considering the superficial temporal artery, the auriculotemporal nerve was Accepted : 28 July 2009 mostly located superficial or posterior to the artery (80%).
    [Show full text]
  • Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy
    Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy Dr. Mohamed Rahil Ali Trigeminal nerve Largest cranial nerve Mixed nerve Small motor root and large sensory root Motor root • Nucleus of motor root present in the pons and medulla oblongata . • Motor fiber run with sensory fibers but its completely separated from it . • Motor fiber run under the gasserian ganglion and leave the middle cranial fossa through foramen ovale in association with the third division of the sensory root • Just after formen ovale it unit with the sensory root to form single nerve trunk which is mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve Motor fibers supply : 1. Masticatory muscles • Masseter • Temporalis Motor fibers supply : 1. Masticatory muscles • Masseter • Temporalis • medial and lateral pterygoid Motor fibers supply : 1. Masticatory muscles • Masseter • Temporalis • medial and lateral pterygoid 2. Mylohoid Motor fibers supply : 1. Masticatory muscles • Masseter • Temporalis • medial and lateral pterygoid 2. Mylohoid 3. Anterior belly of diagastric 4.Tensor tympani 5. Tensor palatini Motor fibers supply : 1. Masticatory muscles • Masseter • Temporalis • medial and lateral pterygoid 2. Mylohoid 3. Anterior belly of diagastric 4.Tensor tympani Sensory root • Sensory fibers meets in the trigeminal ganglia (gasserian ganglia) • There are two ganglia ( one in each side of cranial fossa) • These ganglia located in the meckels cavity in the petrous part of temporal bone • sensory nerve divided into threee branches Ophthalmic , maxillary , mandibular Ophthalmic branch • Travel through lateral wall of cavernous sinus Ophthalmic branch • Travel through lateral wall of cavernous sinus • Leave the cranial cavity through superior orbital fissure in to the orbit Ophthalmic branch • Supplies : eye ball , conjunctiva, lacrimal gland ,part of mucous membrane of nose and paranasal sinuses , skin of the forehead ,eyelids ,nose Ophthalmic branch Branches : 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of the Supratrochlear Nerve: Implications for the Surgical Treatment of Migraine Headaches
    RECONSTRUCTIVE Anatomy of the Supratrochlear Nerve: Implications for the Surgical Treatment of Migraine Headaches Jeffrey E. Janis, M.D. Background: Migraine headaches have been linked to compression, irritation, Daniel A. Hatef, M.D. or entrapment of peripheral nerves in the head and neck at muscular, fascial, Robert Hagan, M.D. and vascular sites. The frontal region is a trigger for many patients’ symptoms, Timothy Schaub, M.D. and the possibility for compression of the supratrochlear nerve by the corrugator Jerome H. Liu, M.D., muscle has been indirectly implied. To further delineate their relationship, a M.S.H.S. fresh tissue anatomical study was designed. Hema Thakar, M.D. Methods: Dissection of the brow region was undertaken in 25 fresh cadaveric Kelly M. Bolden, M.D. heads. The corrugator muscle was identified on both sides, and its relationship Justin B. Heller, M.D. with the supratrochlear nerve was investigated. T. Jonathan Kurkjian, M.D. Results: The supratrochlear nerve was found in all 50 hemifaces. Three po- Dallas and Houston, Texas; St. Louis, tential points of compression were uncovered in this investigation: the nerve Mo.; Scottsdale, Ariz.; Baltimore, Md.; entrance into the brow through the frontal notch or foramen, the entrance of Mountain View and Los Angeles, the nerve into the corrugator muscle, and the exit of the nerve from the Calif.; and Portland, Ore. corrugator muscle. The nerve generally bifurcates within the retro–orbicularis oculi fat pad, and these branches enter into one of four relationships with the corrugator muscle: both branches enter the muscle, one branch enters the muscle and one remains deep, both branches remain deep, and the branches further branch into ever smaller filaments that cannot be identified cranially.
    [Show full text]
  • Successful Management of Supraorbital Neuralgia Using
    Open Access Journal of Neuroscience and Neuropsychology CASE REPORT ISSN: 2577-7890 Successful Management of Supraorbital Neuralgia Using Manual Therapy Technique: A Case Report Nematollahi M* School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran *Corresponding author: Nematollahi M, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran, Tel: +987136271551, E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Nematollahi M (2018) Successful Management of Supraorbital Neuralgia Using Manual Therapy Tech- nique: A Case Report. J Neurosci Neuropsyc 2: 102. doi: 10.18875/2577-7890.2.102 Article history: Received: 02 November 2017, Accepted: 07 March 2018, Published: 09 March 2018 Abstract Background: Supraorbital neuralgia is a difficult to treat condition characterized by pain over the forehead area supplied by the supraorbital nerve, with concomitant tenderness over the supraorbital notch. Previous studies demonstrated that supraorbital neuralgia is not that amenable to pharmaceutical treatment. Non-drug interventions, such as surgery, are the treatment of choice in these patients, with accompanying side effects. Case Presentation: In this case report, soft tissue therapy and friction massage was applied over the frontal area and supraorbital rim of a patient diagnosed with chronic and non-traumatic supraorbital and supratrochlear neuralgia with a resultant resolution of headaches. The pain was severe, disturbing the patient’s sleep for several years. There was a lack of benefits from drug prescription, including sodium valproate. Conclusion: Though the efficacy of physical therapy in the treatment of supraorbital neuralgia needs to be confirmed in well-designed trials, this case is presented as an example of how this non-invasive and cost-effective technique can harmlessly provide analgesia in a difficult to treat neuralgia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pterygopalatine Fossa
    2 Omran Saeed Luma Taweel Mohammad Almohtaseb 1 | P a g e I didn’t include all the photos in this sheet in order to keep it as small as possible so if you need more clarification please refer to slides In this lecture we’re gonna discuss paranasal sinuses and pterygopalatine fossa. The paranasal sinuses are spaces inside skull bones. They’re all lined with respiratory mucosa which is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium but the mucosa here is thin. - All sinuses open by ducts into lateral wall of the nose. - The innervation is branches from “CN V” Trigeminal nerve (the Trigeminal gives rise to three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular). Here in paranasal sinuses we’re interested in the first two branches, mandibular nerve don’t innervate these sinuses. - There are 6 ethmoidal sinuses, 2 sphenoid, 2 maxillary, and 2 frontal air sinuses. Functions: 2 | P a g e 1- resonance of the voice. 2- decreased weight of the skull. 3- Protection (by moisturizing and modifying of the temperature and reduce intracranial pressure) Paranasal sinuses: 1- The Frontal air sinus is present in frontal bone and it is triangular in shape. At birth it is small and called rudimental while in adults it becomes bigger. Drainage: frontonasal duct into infundibulum (a space in front of the middle meatus especially hiatus semilunaris) Innervation: it is innervated by the supraorbital nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic nerve that passes through supraorbital foramen. 2- The Ethmoidal air sinuses/ cells three pairs of sinuses; anterior, middle and posterior air sinuses (3 on the right and 3 on the left).
    [Show full text]