ISAAC STRAUB'S .... -.-_-: Mttl 'ACTOaV!' SENIOR AND SURVIVING PARTNER OF ISAAC STRAUB & CO.,

"WAREHOUSE: 1'T0. 19 -VVest ::F-roD.t street; ~~[b[b [F~©lr©~Wg

I MANUPACTURE Steam-Engines, Portable Saw-Mills, Portable and Stationary Horse Powers, (Jorn Mills Cor Plantation use, Wheat . Flouring Mills, (Jorn and (Job lUills, (Jorn Crusher, &c.

All the above articles-except the Steam Engine-are the inventions of Isaac Straub, whose known ability and long experience as an Inventor and Machinist, recommend them to public favor and confidence.

POU:R.T::Er :mDXTXON.

CINCINNATI: MARSH.ALJ. &; LANGTRY, PRINTERS, No.3 PUBLIC LANDING ...... 1856. TE:::El.:aI.1:S···0ash. ; OR, One~Half Cash, and City Acceptances at. Four. Months.

•

Agen.'ts for 'the Sa1e OF MY CORN, WHEAT & COMBINATION MILLS.

JOSEPH LANDIS & CO., No. 33 Tchoupitoulas St., New Orleans, La. M. G. MOlES & Co., ...... St. Louis, Mo. GORHAM DAVENPORT, ...... · ...... ·.: .. · ...... Mobile, Alabama, R. B. NORVELL, .. · ...... · .... ,.. · ...... · ...... · Huntsville, " BYRAM, PITKIN & CO., .. · ...... · .... · ...... · .... · Louisville, Ky. PARRISH & BUTLER, .. · ...... · .. · .. · .. ·...... · .. · .. Lexington, " W. Y. GILL, ...... Henderson, " H. T. YEATMAN, EsQ., ...... · .. · .... · .. · .... · .. · .... ·.. Nashville, Tenn. SAM'L MOSBY, EsQ.,· ...... ·...... · .. ··· ...... Memphis, " BAILY, HORNER & Co., ...... Helena, Arkansas, RAPLEY, HANGER & Co., ...... Little Rock, " T. H. GOODMAN, ...... Lafayette, Ind. ROBERT L. FABIAN, ESQ., ...... Chicago; Ills.

TYNG & BROTHERTON, ...... Peoria, H JAMES M. THOMPSON, ESQ., ...... Canton, " GRANT & CARSON, ...... Evansville, Ind. ' JOSEPH COOPER, ...... · ...... Terre Haute, " WM. MCCUTCHEON & CO., ...... Vicksburg, Mis~. JOHN B. QUEGLES, ...... Natchez, " CROTHER & WyLIE, ...... " ...... · .... · Independence, Mo. STRA UB'S PORTABLE SAW·MILL!

":a;.XNG OF T~E "VV"OODS." FIGURE 1.

Letters Patent for the United States wore issued to ISAAC STRAUB, Cincinnati, Ohio, in the Year 1851 . .... ,

THIS ingcnious Mill cost the inventor much labor difference between cutting with chisel-like teeth and and expense; who, after many trials, can assure the scraping with Saw teeth, whose cutting, or rather public that his portable "King of the Woods" is scraping, edges stand at right angles with the fibers triumphantly successful. of the wood. At all events, the "King of the Many of our very best mechanics in the United lIVoods" cuts oak, beach or sugar tree, about as States have made fruitless attempts to produce a easy as poplar or pine. The question is settled by Portable Saw Mill, to make lumber with animal absolute trial and experience, whatever others may power. Mr. Page, of Baltimore, Md., produced a say to the contrary. Circular Saw for animal power; but the difficulty The second point is explained thus: The pecu­ with it is, nothing can be done without six or eight liar motion of the Saw, viz., the Whip-Saw motion. porses. Four average horses ea,n cut from 800 to A rolling cut produces a crownipg kerf; that the 1000 feet per day of 12 hours, with the" King of upper half of any log is cut with one-fourth of the the Woods." This Saw Mill differs from all its pre- power of the lower half. This, it would strike the decessors on many points of natLual philosophy: mind of any man, is a paradox; but, when we bear 1st. It has been found, on many trials, that it will in mind that the lower end of the Saw is fast to the cut hard wood nearly, or quite, as easy as soft. crank-pin, of course its travel is circular, while the 2d. It has been also found that it will cut a log upper end of the Saw is rotated partly circular, giv­ of 3 feet diameter, with but little more power than ing the Whip-Saw motion. A little mental applica­ one of 18 inches. cation will show anyone that the upper half of the 3d. It hall been also discovered that the faster it log is cut when the crank has nearly completed its runs the easier it goes. descent (or passing the center as it is called). At Whatever practical men may say, the three points. this point of the crank's course of travel, its power itbove stated are true, however contrary they appear to pull down is increased in a geometrical ratio, so to well known facts. the upper half of the log is cut when this peculiar The inventor explains the first point thus, viz: mechanical power is in full force. The teeth which Because the teeth of the Saw are set, or filed, hook- cut the under hal£ of the log having left the wood ing-very much so-(after the manner of the Whip before those that cut the upper half come in con­ Saws). The Saw C1tts the Wood; all other Recip- tact with it. In all other Saw Mills, it requires rocatingSaws scrape ,the wood. There is a great double the power when you double the depth of cut, r 52 J because the teet!! are at work from bM'k to bttrk, I REVEltSE. the kerf beillg straight. 'rhc third point i!! explaiucd tItUs: A cutting ' cdge (not a scraping one) never yet travelcd too I fast to cut cffectually. For example: p'l.~S a mow­ ing scythc slowly through the grass, then swift- I notice the power anu rcsult. Pass a plane on a I boa.rd quick, thcn slow; I am talking about cut­ ting. Dot scraping. :For the pOlVer cmploycd, the stroke, and not the pll~h, is tbe most efrectual. 'I.'he mallet and chisel will fa.r excel thc slow push; it would take a tuu weight to force a cbiscl as deep I as a single stroke with a hand mallet. The crank-pin is in a fly-wheel that carries the Saw. In this case, the fly-wheel is the llJallet. A high speed charges so much power in our mallet (the fly-whecl), that cutLing FIGURE 2. wood does not retard or check the motion. Such The" K ing of the Woods" can be propelled with is thc proof on trial. two horses, to cut boards 24 inches wide, without Theorisls must all bow to imposing on them. "With two horses nothing can praetical results. III my be done with the Circular Saw. Saw Mill, three-fourths About one· half the power (if carefully 1I1easu?'cd) of the time the Saw is will makc J ,000 feet of lUlll ber, with my mill, that not cutting. All this is I'eqnircd for the Circular Saw, or any ordinary time, the power, whether up and down sO'aping Saw. animal or bteam: is charg­ DIy Saw .Mill is driven by a band 8 inches wide, ing momentum into thc whether propelled by animal or steam power. J fly-wheel; one·fourth of run the naked Saw blade without a Saw·gate; any the time powcr is extract­ ordinary Mill Sal'" with the teeth filed hooking, will cd. III all other up and auswer well. By steam power 50 feet of boards down S,1\1'8, one half of havc been cut every five minutes; and by horse the t,im e is consumed in power, with four horses, half that quantity. drawing It strokc: tlJC Straining a Saw in a gate, or sasb, never made it other half in extracting run st,raight, if other things were not right. 'rhe it,. This gives Straub's Mill an advantage over all Saw is not strctehed or strained; all is light j others. conscqucntly, it can be run up to 300 strokes per When wood is cut out of a log for the kerf, the minutc. Logs from 3 to 4 feet diameter, and ordi­ wall of wood, on each side of the kerf, will be narily 20 feet long, can be cut. smooth. When scraped out for the kerf, the walls, The whole process of making lumber is as sim­ or standing wood on each side-that is, the sur­ ple and as easy as the old·fashioned Saw Mill, and face-must and will bc more or less torn and takes no hands, more or less, tQ attend it. roughed up. A Circular Saw Mill lms not thc After a few days' practice, the Saw is as easily mechanical advantage of a fly-wheel. 'l'he process kcpt in order-and from all appearances, by obser­ of cutting is on the push, and not on the stroke vation, promises to be as durable in all its parts anq principle ; it must be dragged along like a plow. as likely to keep in order-as the ordinary Saw This mill was run at the Ohio State Pair. ill Octo­ Mill of the country. ber, 1850. 'rhe figurcs below are fac si,l;iles of a Most men, putting up new machinery, are in too beautiful silvcr medal awarded on that occasion. much haste; plenty of time ought to be taken, and, when all is ready, run slow; no effort to do a full MEDAL. day's work ought to be attempted in the first ten days, till perfeetly familiar with all the working parts.

Directions Cor Setting- up Saw IIIill. Lay the frame·work, or body of the Mill, on rough logs, bedded partly in thc ground, with suit­ ably prepared notches in these logs to receive the. siues of the Mill Frame from end to end. Kcy fast, to hold firm the superstructure. In fitting the whole together, keep an eye to the workmen's chis­ elmarks; all will fit without cutting or forcing. The upright posts, supporting the upper end of the Saw, must be well braced, by strong side props, Ireaching from near the upper ends to the ground. [ 3 ] The lower ends of these props resting in a hole, the run crooked, or out of line, till pressed again8t be­ foot firmly secured ag!\inst stakes. By means of hind the cutting points, provided, always, the Saw these 'side braces the Saw is made plumb, driv­ be hung and swung true. 'fhe extremc points of ing alternate keys, or stakes, whilst a plullib­ the Saw teeth, if in proper order, will cut away all rule is applicd to the side of the Saw. All parts wood that, if lct stand, will press behind the cut­ of the Mill must be placed plumb, level, square and ting points, and push the Saw out of line. The firmly solid, crosswise and lengthwise. 'nnde1' side of all Saw teeth do all the work. These The Mill is placed on the ground without any must be kept square crosswisc of the blade-if not previously prepared building. Place a rude cover­ so, the force against the wood will glance the blade ing over it, of its own cutting, to protect from the sidewise. File square on the unde r and upper F 3 weather. By steam power (a 5 inch cylinder, 9 in. side (I want no hollow down the IG .. crank, 18 in. stroke engine makes 150 strokes, saw when looking down in front), keeping 300 per minute) I warrant 2000 feet in 14 hours. Whip-Saw hook iu them, like chisels : to cut By. animal power, 4 average horses, I warrant and not scrape. It is needless here to say. from 800 to 1000 feet in 12 bours. No }lltrt that the set and whet must be true. is subject to friction should be allowed to run dry. Some of the best Saws are so hard tlJat' Much depends on this for ease of operation, as well not unfrequently tceth are broken short off as durability, and amount of lumber sawed in a day. with the Saw-Set. The remedy for this is N. B. It will be understood that, in aU cases, my to obtain, at any blacksmith's shop, a coarse " WARRANT" is a warranty only in tllose cases slug of il'oJl, weighing 6 or 8 pounds, with a where Mills, etc., n.re propeuy hanellcd, treated and handle 24 inches long, and a mortise in the taken care of. side to receive the tooth (see Figure No.3). Tn a fire made with chips, heat this tool to a. red heat, apply the tooth, introducing the tooth in the mortise, holding time enough PRICES, Viz: to waJ'm the tooth well, then gently bend it. With one heat you can set 4 or 5 teeth Sn.w Mill, ------$500 without injury to the Saw-no Saw can be Steam Power, viz: engine 5 inch cylinder, softened by heat. This simple device is of 9 in. crank, 18 in. stroke, pumps and pip- much value to the public in setting Saws. ing; boiler 14 feet long, 34 inches diam- The above instructions, st1'ictly obey ed, will eter, double fiue, ------721) make a sawyer out of any man of common Belting, cant-hooks and crow-bars, 75 sense who never learned the tra.de. Saw Mill with steam power, - $J300

Saw Mill, ------6500 Horse power, ------150 TESTIllIONIALS. Belting, cant-hooks and crow-bars, 75

Saw Mill with horse power, _ $725 From among the approbatory letters I select the following : Princeton, Gibson county, la., July 11 til, 1851. Friend Stmnb-'Ve are now making lumber the WEIGHTS, Viz: right way. Your Saw-Mill works well. We saw nothing but the hardest and toughest oak j and to Saw Mill will weigh - 3,500 make lumbcr as fast as we want it on our canal Steam Engine and Boiler 3,500 job, we now put in six horses j with these we saw HOJ'se power - 1,500 one thonsa,nd feet per day of the hardest, kind of oak. There is quite a rage for your Mills on this C8.­ nal line. T would advisc you to send out two or To Put and J{ccp tile Saw ill thrce while the canal is building. Ol·dcr. Yom's "t,ruly, A. ROCKAFELIJE. The great seerct in keeping any Saw to work well, is in the property of cnt,t,ing side-wise as well as front. I regard side cutting (if allowed the Frankl·in, Williamson co., Ten'll", extravagant idea) of more importance than front AugURt 9th, 1853. cutting, because no forward cutting can be done Mm1'S. 1. Stmub 0/ Co.-I am now running properly without it. For the "l(ing of tile W'1orls," the" King of the Woods" Saw-Mill you sold my set the teeth (t.aking care not to beud the tooth father, James C. Robinson, some 18 months ago. more than half an inch from the point), like other The Mill saws finely j it cuts from 1200 to 2000 Saw-mill Saws, a short side set. Be particular to feet of lumber per da,y with horse power. We a.re keep the extreme points the widest, becauRe these well pleased with the Mill only have the property of side-cutting j no Saw can Yours, &c., ALLISON ROBTNSON. [ 4 ] A.Murnption, La., May 6th, 1854. lIawtlW1"n's llfilts, Pike county, 10,., Messrs. Straub q. Co.-We now have your February 3d, 1856. I< King of the Woods Saw Mill" in operation, at· To the Plbblic-In the year 1852, I bought one tachcd to our Sugar Mill E ngine, and are satisfied of Isaac Straub's portable Saw Mills-" 1(ing of that it will do well. Some of our neighbors came the Woods." I have run said Mill constantly by to see it at work and are well pleased with. it. steam power for four years. As for durability, I Yours truly, HIMEL & NORTH. know it will compare favorably with the ordinary Lafourche, beLO?J) Donaldsonville, La. old·fashioned Saw Mill. I have often averaged three thousand feet of boards in a day for a week at a time. This 1\1ill cuts much smoother lumber Alexander tp.., Athens county, 0., than any kind of Mill I know of. I have sawed August 29th, 1854. every variety of timber, hard and soft, usually Isaac Stmub 0/ Co.-Last March I wrote you found in this state. I have cut logs nearly four in regard to the operations of my "King of the feet in diameter. Woods" Saw Mill, which I was then running by I recommend Straub's Mill to those in waht of horse power. I now have her driven by stearn such an article. power, but as yet have run her but three days. I ROBERT P. HA\VTHORN. tell you she runs like lightning, and her operations have fairly pu1l6d the wool off the eyes of croak­ ers. More than one hundred people were here to see my Mill started by steam, and it made them stare. You are not perhaps aware that I have re­ REI·'EREN{)ES. moved my Mill from where I was sawing with horse power, and as yet have not got the Mill all In addition to Testimonials, I respectfully refer solid. When I get all in proper order I will report persons who wish to knolV more about my" King result of sawing by steam. My engine is G in. cyl­ of the Woods," to the following persons, who have inder, 12 in. crank, 2 feet stroke; my drum 30 in. them in use, viz: When we have good wood and steam up, I can't Ohio. use half of the power in sawing. I have to blow Isaac Brooks, 2d, W oodyards P.O., Athens co. off the steam half of the time. My boiler is 22 Milbourn Coe, Scioto, Brush Creek, Portsmouth. feet long, 3 feet diameter, double flues, and have John R. Hand, Contreras, Butler county. plenty of power to run both Saw and Grist Mill. Kentncky. I now want another Saw-Mill. Please inform me Jehn A. Collins, Dry Ridge, Grant county. of your best terms, &c. G. W. Short, Greenville. ISAAC BROOKS, 2ND. J. D. Hatchett, Henderson. McRoberts & McKee, Oaseyville. Montgomery & Woodruff, Hewstonville, Lincoln co. Greenville, American Bend, Miss., Clayton Gillum, Cadiz, l'rigg county. March lOth, 1856. Indiana. Mr. Stmub-The Saw Mill, "King of the D. O. Benjamin, Ogden, Henry co. Woods," I bought of you last spring for Mr. James T. B. Graham, Washington, Davis co. of this place, I put up for him and have cut lumber T. Hugo, Port Gibson. on it ever since. I am satisfied it is the best Saw Johnson & Holder, Stanford, Monroe co. Mill I havc ever seen. It makes the best and smoothest lumber I ever saw. It has cost us Tennessee. nothing for repairs, and bids fair to be durable as D. R. Whitley, Wesley P.O., Tipton co. any other Saw Mill. I have sawed cypress and all Allison Robinson, Franklin, Williamson co. the kinds of timber common to our country. N. H. Isbell, Sandy Spring, Fayette co. I can and do cheerfully recommend it to any Louisiana. gentleman who is wanting a plantation Saw·Mill. Himel & North, Lafourche. I have selected a .cypress plank 41 inches wide to Wm. V. Gober, Big C(LUe, St. Landry. ship you to show you what kind of sawing your J. L. Matthews, Livonia. " King of the Woods" makcs. Right Rev. Leonidas Polk, Lafourche. Yours truly, JAMES ABELL. Missouri. John L. A. Estill, Glasgow, Howard co. American Bend, 1I'Iiss., 3d April, 1856. Samuel Collins, Waverly. Mr. Straub-I am a Gin Wright, and helped to Mississippi. set up the Saw Mill you sold to T. V. James of James Abell, American Bend. this place. I have run the Mill off and on for E. P. Johnston," " the most part of a year. I have no hesitation in Harvey Miller, " pronouncing the "King of the Woods" the best Kansas Territory. plantation Saw-Mill in use. It gives the owner James H. Sayre, Manhattan. entire satisfaction. It is durable and simple. Smith & Green, Lawrence. I concur in the opinions as written out by James W m. B. Hayden. Abell of this place. Texas. Yours t,mly, E. S. FRASER. Dr ..T. S. Walker, Seguin. CORN MILLS.

QUEEN" OF SOUT~.

PATENTED JUN'E 27th, 1854.

FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5.

DOUBLE-GEARED llULL. SINGLE-GEARED llIILL. FIoG-URES No.4 and!j are sketches of a double do the mill more injury than six months' proper and single-geared" Queen of the South." This re­ using. markable Mill has been kept secured to the inven­ Fifthly: In all mills where the upper stone is tor by caveat-recently, however (27th June, 1854), the runner, there is often much trouble to keep the Letters Patent for the United States have been bush properly oiled; if neglected, the mill must granted, securing the invention for fourteen years. take injury. My Mills are free from this, because I This Mitl has sustained itself wherever it has have no bush in the Mill. I have a bearing entire­ been brought into competition with other mills. ly above all the stones, in sight, which can be oiled It was run against the other make of mills of our any time when grinding. city at the Ohio State Fair, in 1850, when it drew a I manufacture my mill-stones of the best French diploma as the hest Corn Mill, and was awarded a burr-blocke the market affords, all of which I war­ fine silver medal. (See an exaetfac simile on next rant superior. page) To those who are unacquainted how to dress and Of these Mills I manufacture five sizes for corn, keep a Mill in order for corn-grinding, I say, with and three expressly for grinding wheat flour. a sharp pick and light strokes keep the furrows as The peculiar novelty of this Mill is, the under near as possible, like I leave them when the Mill stone is the running stone, in all cases. There is leaves my Factory; and the face of the burr as near no limit to the speed; and as speed is every thing like a rasp as you can, cracking all the gloss off. in grinding, it will out-grind any upper runner in You may as well grind with a smooth glass bottle the world. as a smooth burr. Secondly: By this arrangement I am enabled to A glassy face always grinds warm, because of get grain into the Mill with a very small eye; con­ substu,nees sliding. On a rasp·lijre face, nothing sequently I grind nearer to the center, and of can slide or slip, it must roll, and rolling never course with less power than any upper runner can made substances warm; but sliding is friction, and be made. friction brings beat, and beat injures thc meal, as Thirdly: My Mill takes any kind of grain with­ well as loss of power in the operation. out choking. I warrant against choking in any and I t is difficult to instruct, under every circumstance, all cases. 'l'his is a great vexation, causing delay how to place and run my Mills. They will grind and trouble in all mills where the upper stone is the under any situation, or any motion. For instance: runner. Of course, I mean small mills, where the they can be belted to a saw·mill engine, whose mo­ motion must be high to do mueh business. tion is very irregular; when sawing, the mot.ion is Fourthly: My Mills never take injury by running quick; when backing out the saw, the motion is empty-the under stone not touching the upper much slower. But my Mill is warranted to work one, no injury can be done. This is an important and grind evenly under this disadvantage. advantage over all mills whose upper stone is the As a general rule, I would state: by steam, water runner. Ten minutes' running without feed­ or animal power, run them, say four hundred rev­ where a heavy runnel' is balanoed on a I'yne-will olutions pel' minut,e. Much depends on a good band. [ 6 ]

'rhis ought, to be kept soft with on, und seven 01' 4th. All rums wherein the upper IItonc is tho eight inches wide, and of a good length. All mills running stone, will not take feed at a speed beyond ought to be over thirteen feet from the driving drum 250 revolutions per minute; the grain will hang in to work well. A band should be forty feet or more the eye and choke the mill. in length. When taken apa1·t to d7'ess the burn, al­ 5th. The" Queen of the South" will make good ~oays place the upper bU1"T on in such rnanne7' as work under irregular motion (fast and slow). to bring the anow 07' dart over the rneal spnut. So 6th. No upper running burr will do good work, the Mill was put in tram when manufactured. By or grind at all, where the motion is irregular. observing this (it is important to observe it) t.lle 7th. In the "Queen of the South" the grain Mill will never want tramming; indeed, it can not passes through the eye of the stone at ?'est. get out of tram. 8th. In the Cock-head the grain passes through These remarks are intended for all the sizes I the eye of the stone in 1notion; hence the choking. build. 9th. In the" Queen of the South" there is no MEDAL. "Bush" at all, to run dry and get out of order. 10th. In the :Mills manufactured by Burrows, Cincinnati; Bradford, :Memphis; Coleman, New Orleans; all those make of mills have bushes, viz.: a bearing and journal in the mill-stone, a very in­ eonvenient place to get at, and which, if not kept in proper order, will burn out. 11 tho The" Queen of the South" never can take injury from running empty, because the under burr is kept off the upper hy gravitation. 12th. In the Cock·head Mill the upper burr, while running empty, will clitter alld clatter, and bound from side to side, kllocking both burrs out, of face; ten minutes thus run will do a great amount of injury. All grain, of whatever killd and nature, can not be discharged too soon from between the mill·stones, REVERSE. provided the pulverizing process be complete .• The shorter space of time the grain is kept between the stones, the cooler the grinding will be done; and the cooler the grinding is done, the better. Flour or meal will keep fresh much longer. Moreover, in the process of grinding, more or less carbon es· capes. The cooler the grinding, the less carbon will be thrown off; the warmer the grinding, the more carbon will evaporate. Inasmuch as carbon is the preserving as well as nourishing quality or property of all grain, the less we lose by evaporation, in the process of grinding, the better. The "Queen of the South" will grind .cooler (and, of course, lose less carbon than any mill where the upper stone is the running stone, because tho grain is thrown off from the eye to the circumfer­ ence by the law of centrifugal force. The grain, ..... lying on a restless bed~ is thrown outward by a jerk, and finds its way to the skirt of the stone in the half of the time where a mill is grinding with the upper Why the Under-Rullning lUill is burr, being denied the aid of centrifugal law, By Supel'iol'to any Upper-Runnel', the upper running stone, the grain is brought to the skirt by a rolling process, round and round. Each The faster a mill-stone is run. the more it will revolution brings it outward, till at length it is dis­ grind; because at each revolution' the cutting edges charged, heated by the long-continued mashing pass by each other a certain number of times: thus, and rolling between the stones. at 400 revolutions per minute, double the amount All kinds of grain never were, nor never will be of edges will pass each other than the same stone discharged in too short a time, provided the grind­ run only 200 revolutions. ing be perfected. 1st. In the" Queen of the South" the lower burr The under running burr, in this particular, has is the running burr. decided advantages, not only in a philosophic, but 2d. All upper running mills are Cock-head Mills. also in a mechanical point of view. 3d. The "Queen of the South" will take The under running Mills have less grain between feed freely at all motions, from 100 up to 600 the stones (all the day long), grinding alongside of revolutions per minute; warranted against chok­ the upper running Mill, supposing the two mills ing. are grinding the same number of bushel~ per hour; [ 7 J I this, to some, will appear paradoxical. For the mill over the other-all day; and llOt grinding a sake of reasoning, let us suppose a stream of particle more than the other. grain to start into two mills (in motion) at the The philosophical solution of this is, the less Bame instant, each stream the same, the mills also grain is between the stones grinding at the same the same size, the one mill an under, the other an rate, the easicr the operation-the less power will upper runner, the revolutions of' each mill-stone run the mill; the cooler the grinding, because there the same; let the grain strike the grinding sur· is more room for air to circulate between the stones. faces of each burr the same instant; in the under In an upper runner the grain, or rather meal, is de· runner the grain, aided by centrifugal force, may tained till it accumulates a perfect jam of meal­ be carried, say one round, till discharged; in the no room for air; then heating, disengaging of car­ upper runner the grain is rolled twice around, the bon, and more or less injury. stOlle has no aid but the dragging or rolling pro· To the above statement of facts I challenge con­ cess. In the one case the grain is held back or de­ tradiction. tained more than in the other; IJence, just in pro­ Some men are afraid to buy my Mills, because portion as it is detained in its transit through, just the stone is permanently fast and stiff on the spindle. so much more grain is between the stones of one Suppose (they say) a hard substance, or a piece of iron, gets into the Mill, how is it to FIGURE a. get through, no yielding or cock-head movement to let out pieces of iron 1 2 II I; 1\1y reply is, that chullks of iron can [ not get out of any Mill ; and a cock-head I i motion in a mill·stone is of no use in I i obviating this accident-for it is an I accident to let slugs of iron get into any Mill. o Figure a is a view of an upper run­ ner Cock-head Mill. E the runner:' D the bed-stone; 2 the bale and cock: s head; S the mill spindle; A. a slug of iron just entering between the mill­ stones. It must be borne in mind that the bed·stone (D) is immovable. To let out the piece of iron, the runner must raise up at B, and to do so it must lower at C. Now it can not come down at C, the bcd-stone is in the way, firm and immovable. If there is power enough driving the Mill, and tlle iron large and hard, the mill· stone must lift off of the cock-head and fly off at a tangent; so it is plain a cock-head is worth nothing where the Mill is an upper-runner. A.gain: FIGURE b. Figure b is a cut of a Cock·head Mill, where the under Burr is the run­ ning stone. E is the Bed Stone. D is III I:, the Runner; 2 the Cock-Head; S the II E:

Spindle. A a picce of iron just enter­ I I"i~ ii i II j ing between the Burrs. N ow for this to '. ~ II get out, the Runner must lower at B A and to do this,.Jit must raise up at C. I 0 2 Remember the Bed-Stone E is immova­ i ble. How can the Runner D raise at C? ,~ Ii and if it can not raise at C, how can it "1f~11 lower at B to let out the iron 1 So much for an underrunner. Some say: Oock-head Mills have the ~ II _~ S advantage over Straub's Stiff Mill, be­ cause the cock-head will allow the stone I to vibrate or oscillate to let the mill-stone '(\/ spew out hard substances. I say this idea is a mistake. Iron ought to be kept out of Mills; but if it does get into any kind of Mill, the stiff' Mill Dh'ections to TI'aul lny Wbeat will be more likely to escape uninjured. The and Corn lUills. stone stops instantly, and the band is cast off­ My Mills, when they leave the factory, are ex­ no harm done. This has often happened with actly in tram-but the rough handling by steam­ the "QUEEN OF THE SOUTH," and noth­ boat and railroad transportation freq uentl y wrenches ing hurt. (Sec Isaaa Pioneer's Certificate, on the Mill frame terribly. To put the faces of the page 15.) Burrs exactly parallel again, if the Mill should [ 8 ] have passed through rough handling, observe the one side while the opposite side is rubLing following instructions: down. Take the top stone off, sweep both stones clean, There is still another important reason: In all tben let the upper stone lay flat on the face of the Cock· head Mills the miller is obliged to keep a red­ lower stone, taking care to put on the hopper· stool staff: and spend much time and labor to correct the to hold the top of the spindle in the exact center mischief done to the faces of the burr. This con­ (while this is being done, it must be observed that tinual vibration destroys the true face of each oth­ the arrow or dart on the upper burr is placed over er. N a miller can grind grain correctly without a the meal-spout). N ow, with the tempering screw true face-and how can the faces of a pair of burrs or tram rod, raise up the lower stone so high as to keep true when they are continually bumping on raise up the upper stone ofl" of the tram blocks or each other? supports that carry it when grinding; raise it up In my" Queen of the South," I want no miller and let it down on the supporting blocks frequently, ever to use the straight·edge, commonly called the observing with much care whether all the four carry- rcd-staff; it is not wanted. The longer my Mills ing posts are touching the luggs on the upper stone as are run the truer tho faces become-no vibration they are raised up or down; if there is any differ- to knock each other out of face. ence in the length of the tram blocks or posts, the If what I have said will bring down on my head high ones must be cut down with a rasp or chisel a host of challenges and vociferous banters from till they are exact-this places the faces exactly the manufacturers of Cock-head Mills, I say here, parallel, which must be to shave wheat bran as it that I will pay no attention to them whatever. I ought to do, without cutting it fine on one side have no time nor inclination to enter into controver­ more than the other. Isies of any kind; I am too busily engaged in build- After my Mill is placed down on a foundation ing Mills to fill orders. If what 1 h::tve said above and put into tram once, it will never waut tralJl- has not the stamp of sound philosophy and com­ ming again. man-sense, then, to use a vVestern phrase, I say: "Let her rip! S/M' S all oak I" I am firmly convinced, if the present generation could revisit this earth one hunured years hence, Why a Stiff-hung- llIill-Stone is they would see three things: 1st. In all grinding bcttel.' to Gl'ind ev.cn and cool Mills, the under stone the funning stone. 2d. No than a lilnber Cock-bead llIill- mill-stone larger in diameter than thirty inches. Stone, 3d. '1'he running stone stiff, and no Cock-head I contend tha.t a mill-stone ought to spin round I Mills in use. as true as a piece of wood of the same size and shape in rotary motion in a turning lathe. Sup- FIGURE c. pose you desired to turn a piece of wood in a turning lathe. (See figure c.) D D the centers; A the piece of wood: like a mill-stone; C the spindle. N ow, you wish to true up the face B B. Imagine this block to A have the free anti limber play of a Cock·head mill·stone, how could you succeed in truing up c the face B B? D o

I argue, and my experience bears me out, that ~F _ ... ~==i!.--- a mill-stone, to grind even and cool, in shaving the sides of tender and delicate wheat bran, or making fine meal of any kind, it should run as true and stiff, no vibration, not one hair's breadth more than in a turning lathe-the one is as nec­ essary as the other. Remember, a mill-stone is heavy, and the force on the face necessary to cause a vihration several hundred times in a minute, and this force (when tender bran is between I am often asked the following question: Mr. them) will cut up the bran into fine parts; Straub, as your mill-stone is stiff on the spindle, but this is not half the harm done. In a Cock· do n't the Mill get out of tram when the step of the head Mill, one side of the stone will rub harder spindle wears sidewise from the pressure of the than the opposite; while one side is cutting up band? bran, the opposite side is spewing out shorts. To this question I say: Yes, it would, if the step The close side is heating the flour or meal and of the spindle did wear sidewise. But, from sixteen driving the carbon out of it-that is, killing the years' experience, I say the step of the spindle will flour, as the bakers call it. When flour is killed, not wear sidewise, if the owner will keep clean oil it will not raise in the hands of the baker, with the in the step. best yeast, because the mill-stone drove all the car­ The steps of my mill-spindles run in Babbitt bon out in the grinding. metal 2 inches deep, a surface too large to A stiff and firmly hung mill-stone will run as push all the oil a.way to let the metals come jn true as though it did not move; it will shave the contact, under any pressure that a hand can brjng bran alike at all points; no fluttering up on to the spindle. [9 ] TESTIllIONIALS. at work nearly one year, and. can now say, that, for quality of flour and quantity of yield to the bushel, On the durability of my ~filJs, I will add the they have no superior in this section of the states. testimony of Col. C. S. Tarpley, of Jackson, Miss.: They are simple, substantial and durable in con­ Jackson, Miss., 12th February, 1856. struction. We can recommend them to the public. Mr. St1'altb-The Mill I bought of you fifteen A. SMITH & SON. years ago is now in use, and has ground the grain for all my family and the bread for my field hands, Antioch, Lake Co., Ill., March 20th, 1856. say 200 in number, besides some stock feed for my Isaac St1'aub: Si1'-W e have now had one Flour­ stock. It has been in constant use, and is to·day ing Mill in operation for t.hree months. Your 30 inch as good as the day I bought it of you; and what Queen of the South whcat flouring Burrs is certainly is remarkable, in all that time it has not cost me a superior article. 'Wc grind 12 bushels of wheat one dime for repairs. per hour on it; and for quality of flour, no mill in Respectfully yours, C. S. TARPLEY. this neighborhood compares with it. We are high­ ly pleased with its grinding. The neighbors give Syrawse, N. Y., January 17th, 1856. this mill the preference. To the Public-Last May I bought one of Isaae The Corn Mill, also, we bought of you, grinds Straub's" Queen of the South" Wheat Flouring fine meal of superior quality, at the rate of sixteen Mills on trial, returnable at Straub's expense, if bushels per hour. It is but justice to your Mills the Mill was not superior to a mill of the same size to give you this testimonial of merit. (viz.,30 inches diameter), Norcon's Patent, manu- ELLIOTT, IN GALS & PEARSON. factured in the eity of Rochcster, N. Y., which I bought on the same terms-returnable if inferior Cle1"fllont County, 0., 1st March, 1856. to Straub's. We certify that we have run one of Straub's I started these two patent Mills in tllis city in " Queen of the South" Corn Mills for two years, June last, and, after a fair and impartial triaL I and one of his Wheat Flouring Mills over six pronounce Straub's "Queen of the South" the months. We say, for the purposes they are built, best flouring mill of the two. I have now two of they are the best mills we ever saw grind. We do Straub's at work, and I think they are the best grind corn into good, fine meal with a 26 inch burr, mills now offered the public. Straub's Mill is con­ at the rate of 18 bushels per hour; and 12 bushels structed on the true principle, viz., stHi' on the spin­ of wheat per hour on a 30 inch Mill into as good dle-no oscillation, no wabbling and fluttering up flour as any in Ohio. one side and down the other, cutting fine the bran GARDNER & MULLOY. on one side and throwing out shorts at the oppo­ site side at the same instant. My opinion is, this .... , advantage in the "Queen of the South" is the chief reason why Straub's Mill is the best. N 01'­ con's mill is a Cock-head Mill, that is, the upper GENERAL HINTS. stone is the runnel', and that hangs on a pivot or No machinery ought to be run without oil or grease cock-head. Straub's Mill runs the under stone, of some kind. :Mills, horse-powers, spindles,journals, which is made stiff and immovable on th.e spindle. cogs, indeed every place that is liable to heat or wear, 'I.'he above facts I deem it but an act of justice ought to be kept in grease. Rancid butter is much to make for the merits of Straub's Mill. better than lard-some parts ought to have oil. HENRY PIKE. Tallow is the best hard grease known. Leather bands ought to be kept soft with oil-or Colfax, Ind., March 17th, 1856. Jard may do. The band will not only last double Mr. St-raub-I received my 30 inch Corn Mill, as loug, but is much morc effective. No person ever " Queen of the South," in February. I started it lost money by keeping things well oiled; but much in a day or two. I inform you it out-grinds any has been lost by the neglect. Mills and machinery mill of any kind in my neighborhood. All my of every kind will be rendered much more durable neighbors say it grinds better meal than any large and easy of operation, and pleasure in the using. burrs in the country. I am highly pleased with It is but proper here to remark, that all the bear­ the Mill. I am yours respectfully, ing boxes in our double-geared Mills are skeleton WILLIAM HAMILTON. boxes, lined with Babbitt metal, and the bearings that carry both beval wheels are cast fast to the Fee-Fee, St. Louis Co., lifo., Jan. 9th, 1856. bridge-tree, so that when the pinion on the spindle F1'iend Stmub-I am grinding corn on one of is raised or lowered (which can not be avoided in your" Queen of the South" Corn Mills, and say to setting the lYIill to grind fine or coarse), the driving the world that it is decidedly the best Mill in our wheel is moved up and down with it. This is an section of country. You are welcome to say so on important arrangement. Gearing will run much all occasions, private and public. longer, and not bc liable to make the clattering noise JACOB S. BROWN. that is consequent to the bungling, clumsy mode usu.ally practiced, namely, the bearing of one wheel­ Ridge-Farm, Vermilion Co., Ill., shaft stationary-the other constantly moving the January 10th, 1856. cogs in or out of mash every time the Mill is reg­ Mr. Straub: Sir-We have had your two 30 ulated. Pers'ons buying Mills ought to notice this inch" Queen of the South" Wheat Flouring Mills particularly. 2 [10 ]

QUEEN' OF T~E S<>UT~, WITH CORN CRUSHER ATTACHED. "C 0 M BIN A T ION MIL L S." PA.'X'EN'TE:X:> JUx...Y'. 1864.

FIGURE 6. FIGURE 7.

SlNGLE~GEARED.

FIGURES 6 and 7 are ,iews of the" Queen of the ~~ ~.....,.____ :=:-:;;;::;;;;;:, ~~- South" Corn Mill and Crusher which took the first DO"uBLE~GEARED. premium at the Ohio State Fair, at Columbus. last easily made fine from the whole ear of corn; and fall, where it was run in competition against Stew- about three bushels per hour for every horse put art's and Pemroy's and others, in. This Crusher was ou exhibitioh at the Fair of the ..... Mechanics' Institute, in this city, last fall, where it was run by steam. It was awarded the first pre­ mium and diploma. The committee appended the THE CRUSHER. following complimentary remark: "We regard Mr. The Cob Breaker attachment to one of my Straub's Corn Crusher the most useful as well as " Queen of the South" Corn Mills, constitutes what important invention of the day. Every farmer I call my "Combination" Mills, ought to have one." For the benefit of those using my Combination The Cob Breaker is placed immediately over a Mills, I insert the following directions: pair of French burrs; the burrs performing the pul­ Take the Cob Breaker apart by unbolting it in verizing; and when they get dull, in a short time such a manner as will expose to view. On the run­ can be sharpened, and thus the cutting-edges can ning part will be a steel knife, placed at the head be restored. Not so with a metal crusher; when of a circular inclined plane; it will be observed that the cutting-edges get dull-which they soon will the inclined pl::me is formed of wrought iron. The do-the crusher may as well be thrown away. In tail end of said plane .can be raised up by under­ our judgment, no metal crusher ever did, or ever laying with one or more pieces of sole leather. The will, make good, soft, fine, cob food. To make this object, of this is to shorten the cut, to cut so fast or valuable article for stock, it must be ground through so slow, to suit the power. mill-stones; for, be it remembered, some parts of a It will be seen, from its construction, that the cob are as hard as a hickory knot, and, if not soft­ cob is cut transversely, or cross-wise, at each revo­ ened under a mill-stone, is indigestable; and the lution. There is also a steel knife placed stationa­ stock will have frequent attacks of the scours, and ry, above the running knife, to work right and be much injured. proper; those two knives must be kept in such po­ Cob feed is an excellent article for sheep, milch sition 'as that the running knife will hardly clear cows, mules, cattle and horses-the cob acting as a the standing or stationary one, to form a complete cooling alloy. In this view of the case, it is even pair of shears. Thus the ear of corn is sheared better than hay, because it will be better mixed into just such lengths as is required, by adjusting with the corn than hay, and the heating in the the tail end of the inclined plane. stomach prevented. It will also be observed that the cast iron runner The Cob B.reaker can be taken off and a hopper on which the action of the inclined plane is formed, put on the MIll; and corn meal for the family can is carried on a loose iron ring or washer; when the be ground, as well as chopping rye or any small Cob Breaker is taken off to grind shelled corn, this grain for horse feed, etc. ' ring or washer must be carefully put by, till it is I place this Cob Breaker on different sized Mills wanted again; because tke Cob B1'eakcr will not work from 14 to 26 inches diameter. ' witlwnt it-it must be in its place when the Combi­ By steam power, fifteen bushels per hour can be nation Mill is wanted to grind cob and COl'D feed. [ 11 ] It will be remembered that, to regulate theamount neither of the burrs will ever wear out of a true ·of feed to the Mill, for the amount of power applied face, on account of the peculiar principle on which to drive the Mill, it is all done by more or less un- it is constructed. derlaying the back end of the inclined plane, to cut The mill-stone must always be run invariably fast or .slow, and this is easily understood by any with the sun, in the direction shown by the dart on one who will inspect the article, even if he knows the stone. nothing about milling. N a tramming or 1'ed staff will ever be wanted, The knives can be taken out and ground when even for wheat flour grinding, and I will observe dull, and placed in their places again by any farm here, that my "Queen of the South ," 30 inch burrs er in the country. will grind wheat flour, for quality of flour and quan tity of yield to the busbel, as well as any burr in the United States. This I warrant, or no sale. DIRECTIONS When a Mill is wanted for flouring wheat, I se That will teach any man to be his own miller. Fol lect the proper quality of burr, called the "whca low the instructions here given, and the" Queen of blocks," and those wanting Wheat Mills must order the South" will make good work: them diJi'erent from those to grind corn. It is generally supposed that good wheat flour can not be ground by anyone who has not learned .. ., .. the milling as a trade. I will here state that, on my Wheat Mills, any ordinary common-sense man can grind good flour. Q,UESTIONS ANSWERED. 1st. Keep the furrows shallow, and as smooth in Almost daily we are asked by letter: the bottom as possible. How much power does it take to run one of your 2d. Keep the face of the Burr (commonly called Mills? land) cracked as fine as it is possible, with very light Will a threshing horse-power do? strokes and a sharp pick. How fast must they be run 1 The whole art is already told. The operation of How large a building is wanted 1 grinding wheat may be compared to a shingle float How wide must the band be1 ing down stream over a ripple of water, gently How many bushels will they grind ~ waving but not turning over j so the flakes of bran Will your mills grind wheat well 1 must pass over the furrows, but not turn over. If For the benefit of those interested, I will try the flakes turn over in the furrows, it will be cut fine t6 answer all these questions. and speck the flour. In short, the flour must roll That anyone may not err in speed, I annex the and the bran slide j if the flour slide with the bran, following table: then it must heat and be much injured. The bran ----=----~-. --""'R-ev-o-Iu-t'~s-.----' }{-ev-o-lu-t' will be sure to turn over in deep furrows. W"lth of of Pull'y Dwmeter ?f of 1I1i1l ?rI ILL. the. Band per min- !'ulley III stone p' I have known very good wheat flour ground on lU mehes. ute. mches. minute. my Corn Mills with a corn dress, by grinding corn ------on the burrs till they got tolerably dull j then grind 30 inch Mill, Single. 9 or 10 390 18 or 20 390 the wheat. The corn dress is too severe on the 30 inch Jll ill , Double. 9 or 10 195 20 or 24 390 26 inch Mill, Single_ 8 400 18 400 bran, till made mild by grinding corn. 26 inch Mill, Double. 8 200 20 400 For corn meal grinding, keep the furrows deep 22 inch Mill, Single. 8 400 12 400 near the eye of the stone, but shallow at the skirt, 22 inch Mill,Double. 8 200 16 400 d I I d th f k d l'k 18 inch Mill, Single. 8 420 12 420 a gra ua s ope, an e ace crac e I e a rasp, 18 inch Mill,Double. 8 210 15 420 to make the meal roll. Anyone can do this. Black Vulture .•.... 6 500 12 500 The furrows must be kept as I make them, shal :Im:.::..rp.:..:ro~v..:::e:::d_V:..:::ul::tu::r..:::e':"":1' ....:::.6 __-'--::.::..:~L...:.: 500 10=--_--L--=:=-=--­ 500 low from center to skirt for wheatj deep at the eye for corn, and shallow at the skirt. Look at them, Having here given the size and speed of our and you will find them very shallow at the skirt, pulleys, it is supposed that anyone can construct and quite deep at or near the eye of the stone their own size and speed, to drive my Mills the Do n't cut them deep near the skirt, or my Mill speed above stated. (being an under running burr) will fling out" gritsj" As to the amount of power to run a Mill, all de­ the furrows, moreover, will be observed to slope to pends on the quantity to be ground in a given time. a "feather edge" on one side j take a good look at It takes double the power to grind ten bushels per the furrows, when the mill is new, and you will hour that is required to grind five bushels in the have no trouble to keep them so. same time. ~One thing must be scrupulously observed; if For horse power Mills, it is fair to count on 2t neglected, the Mill will not, can not, make good work, bushels per hour for every horse. Some threshing and that is: Observe an an'ow or dart painted on powers will do. the upper rnill-stone, when the Mill is taken open or My 18 and 22 inch double geared Mills are the apart to dress the burrs; always return the upper right sizes for horse power. Of these the 18 inch burr with the (J,-rrow or daTt over the rneal-spout- is best-26 and 30 inch mills can only be used to the faces of the two burrs will then be exactly par advantage by steam or good water power. The a.Ilelj so the Mill was trammed, and it will never old fashioned Cotton Gin Power (overhead wheel, want tramming, as long as it lasts, if this be ob- 12 to 14 feet diameter), is one of the best, if prop­ served. In keeping my Mill in order, you will erly constructed, and well adapted to my 18 and never have occasion for a red staff, as it is called, 22 inch Millfli. The drum or pulley on the line l12 ] shaft of this power, should he 10 feet diameter for AN AGREEIUEN1.'. driving 18 and 22 inch Mills. My "Queen of the South" will grind wheat as That planters and others at a distance may well as any Mill. know how things are at home, I insert the fol­ As for the size of building, no required rule can lowing: be laid down-one will have a spacious, good and Cincinnati, 0., Oct. 15th, 1851. large, while another wants a small and cheap, Mill­ To J Ii. Bnl'rows g. Co.: house. My Mills will grind without any house. Gentlemen-In accordance with an agreement They must be protected from the weather. entered into with Abel Kimball, the partner of J'. H. Burrows, at the Columbus Fair, to grind corn TABLE OF' CAPACITY BY STEAlI1 POWER. into fine meal, as follows: Whoever grinds the 30 inch Mills from 20 to 25 bushels per hour. most, regarding quality and quantity, in thirty minutes or one hour, is to be the owner of both 26" " "15 to 20 " " " Mills at each and every trial. 22" " "12 to 15 " " " 18" " "10 to 12 " " " FIRST TllIAL. Black Vulture" 10 to 12 " " " Straub to run 18 inch Mill i Burrows,20 inch The above table is corn meal. When any of the Mill above Mills are converted into a "Cornbination" SECOND TRIAL. Mill, the same quantity, as indicated in the above Straub to run 22 inch Mill i Burrows, 24 inch table, can be ground into fine corn and cob feed in Mill. one operation from the whole ear of corn. TIIIRD TRIAL. Horses ought always to work side by side, or Straub to run 26 inch Mill i Burrows, 30 inch abreast as it is called, when grinding grain. The Mill. circular walk ought not to be less than 33 feet di­ I give Burrows & Co. the advantage of diameter ameter, or 100 feet in circumference. of two inches each, in the first ,two trials, and four inches in the las t. , .... The grinding to be decided by three competent millers, and to be done in the city limits, in the time of six weeks, and where each of the parties Table of Prices for Corn Mills, viz : choose. ISAAC STRAUB.

18 inch single geared (pulley on the The above was presented to J. H. Burrows & spindle), ------$100 Co., for acceptance, by J. K. Coolidge and Dr. 18 inch double geared (wrought Black, but declined. iron shaft and pulley), --- - 125 22 inch single geared, 125 NOTE.-I will pay any man one hundred dollars " " double " 150 that will carry out the above agreement to the let- 26" single " 140 ter. ISAAC STRAUB. " " double " 165 30" single " 175 To the above I now append a challenge to grind " " double " 200 cob feed out of whole ears of corn. Stock Feed Mill" Black Vulture" (14 inch burr), ------85 January 1st, 1853. I will run my 18 inch" Qneen of the South," with a cob,breaker attachment, the sarne al·ticle that took· the pl'erniurn at the Ohio State Fail', last fall, against a 24 inch Burrows' Mill and Wm. Stewart's Ohio Table of Prices for" Combination" Corn and Kentucky Stock li'eed Mill, both to be run at Mill or Corn Mill and Crusher, viz : once i and if you are apprehensive of a risky busi­ ness, you have my entire approbation to run Mr. 18 inch single geared, - $125 Pomeroy's Corn Crusher as an auxiliary. Should " " double " 150 my single article fail to grind equal in quality and 22" single " 150 quantity to the combined productions of the two or " " double " 175 three Mills (just as you please), then you can 26" single " 165 draw a few hundred dollars as stakes put up. " " double " 190 Come, boys, do n't be cowardly-there is nothing Improved Vulture (14 inch burr), 110 like walking straight into the merits of a thing. ISAAC STRAUB. NOTE.-The 26 inch Mill is the largest size with To J H Burrows g. Co. which I ~ombine my'" Cr,:she~'. The above are my lowest prIces for MIlls m Cmcinnati delivered at COpy OF A LETTER WRITTEN AS BELOW. railroad depot, or ~o steamer, free of drayage. My agents are authorIzed to sell at same .prices with Cincinnati, 27th September, 1852. cost of transportation to the place where SOld', etc., John Gill, of Columbus, 0.: added. . SIR-You and myself were the only competi- , [ 13 J tors at the late Ohio Slate ]'air, for the prelllium 'l'ES'I'lllIONIALS. for the Cob Crusher. Believing that the Committee acted under the Dry Ridge, Gm,nt county, I(y., influence of partiality, without due regard to November 1st, 1852. merit-the first premium having been awarded to lYl?-. Isaac St?"aub: Dear Sir-I have one of J. you-I therefore send you the following H. Burrows' 30·inch mills attached to my steam Saw'mill, and it does not suit me; and I write to CHALLENGE. know if you will trade me one of your 26·inch I will run my Corn and Cob Crusher against Mills for the Burrows mill that I have. I was sat­ your article, by horse powe~' and ste~m power, u~­ isfied, in my own mind, that your Mill was superior der like advantages, regardmg quantity and quah­ to that of Burrows's, but I was ove1'-pcTs1J,aded to ty of fee~, in any given time you may choose. buy the BU1'rows Mill, and I now wish to swap it Whoever will be awarded the most meritorious, by to you for one of yours. I think it would be the competent judges, shall own both Crushers. 1'hat means of selling some of your Mills in this coun­ you cannot complain, I will go to Columbus, you try, as there are other Mills of the Burrows patent, giving me ten days notice. and I arn saliift,ed they can n(Jt do the w01'k that Yours, ISAAC STRAUB. YOUT J.lfitl will do. Write immediately, and let me know what can be done. I am anxious to hear NOTE.-My" Queen of the South Combination" from you, as I can not do the neighbors' grinding took the first premium at Cleveland. But as the v.-ith the mill I now have. If you will swap, let Corn Crushers were not put to trial this year (but me know when I can get one of your mills. took the first premium last year, because all t.he Yours, respectfully, Crushers were put to test by steam power) by JOSEPH D. SMITH. steam or any other power, the committee awarded at random; hence, the above letter. But Mr. Gill, We insert the following from an eminent Mill­ like Burrows & Co., chose rather to decline mod­ wright, to show the observations of practical me­ estly, than lose his Mill with its reputation. chanics: ISAAC s'rRAUB. Gmnt county, ICy., March 10th, 1851. M1·. Straub: Dear Sir-I take pleasure in mak­ ing this statement in reference to the merits of your Corn Mill, called" Queen of the South." I have put up three of your Mills, and four of DIRECTIONS. the Mills manufactured by J. H. Burrows, of your city, in new steam Saw-Mills, which I built in the Set the Mill not less than 12 nor more than 20 last two years, and do say to you that your Mill feet from the driving drum on a solid foundation. will grind twenty bushels of corn, with the same Timbers on the ground are the best. power, and in the same time that the Burrows Mill Plumb the Mill-level and square the counter­ will grind twelve; and your Mill can be hitched on shaft (if it be a double.geared Mill) carefully-make to the driving·drum of a Saw-Mill engine and run the head block fast, securely so. all day; the irregularity of the motion does no The distance from the driving drum to the Mill harm in the quality of the grinding; which cannot ought not to be less than 13 nor over 20 feet. be done with the Burrows Mill on account of chok- When the Mill is taken apart to dress the burrs, ing. I am, sir, yours truly, be careful not to cut the furrows deep near the O. CANFIELD, MillwrigM. skirt--keep them shallow for several inches, but deeper toward the eye, near which a scant half­ inch will do no harm for corn, or corn and cob feed; Dayton, 0., February 18th, 1852. but for wheat they must be shallow all over. I M1·. Straub-I take pleasure in writing you have given this information in another place, but, respecting the Corn Mill I purchased of you about knowing the importance of its observance, repeat it onc year ago, called" Queen of the South." here: Sometime after I started your Mill, an agent for the Corn Mill factory at Butfalo, N. Y., or, rather, ~ In retv,rning the stone, take' especial care to a branch factory at Columbus, 0, set up in my observe the anow, or dart, to keep it over the meal Mill one of the Buffalo Mills, as they are called, spout. and after several trials, and every exertion by the agent, I can assure you your Mill grinds faster, Our single-geared Mills seldom require an and makes better work with one-fourth less power. "idler," or band·guiding roller-the double-geared The agent from Buffalo was obliged to take his neyer .. In places where it is impossible to set the Mill away. Mill dIrectly opposite to the driving drum, it may I am certainly of opinion your "Queen of the occasionally be necessary to put an idler to guide South" is the best Mill now offered to the public. ~he band on to the pully of mill· spindle ; but this We have those Mills manufactured in your city by IS so seldom the case that we think them unneces­ Mr. Burrows in operation here; but the millers sary. Whenever such necessity does exist, any are of opinion your Mill surpasses them all. person can, at a trifling expense and but little I am, dear sir, yours truly, trouble, put up a band-guiding roller. THOS. BROWN. [14 ] Cornersville, Giles county, Tenn., La G1'ange, Mo., December 16th, 1852. January 3d, 1852. Messrs. Strav.b q. Co.-We are perfectly satisfied ltress?"$. Straub 0/ Co: Gentfemen-The ten with the 26-inch Corn Mill, and feel proud to say Mills you last shipped me are all sold, and put in that she will do all that you say, &c. She is a cu­ operation. They give entire satisfaction. As soon riosity in this region and astonishes the natives. as navigation opens, I want you to ship me a lot. W. B. & J. H. REYNOLDS. You can count on my wanting fifty Mills this year. Of one thing you can be assured-that is, the days of thc Burrows Mills are numbered. Your Sha?'onville, 0., January 12th, 1853. Mills grind with less power, never choke, 01' take Isaac StmulJ g- Co.-I am well pleased with the injury from running empty, a serious objection to 26-inch "Queen of the South." I grounu 20 bush­ the Bnrrows Mill. YonI' Mill will win in any els on it in 65 minutes, with about 376 revolutions country; the article exactly the planter wants. to the minute. Respectfully yours, WM. H. NANCE. Yours respectfully, R. MEEKER.

Hunts'Ville, Ala., November 5th, 1852. Eagletown, Ia., December 13th, 1852. It gives me much pleasure to certify that I have Isaac Straub 0/ Co.: Gentlemen-I have fairly been using (attached to my gin-gearing) one of 1. tried the 26-inch " Queen of the South" you sent, Straub & CO.'s 22-inch "Queen of the South" and I am perfectly satisfied that it is the best Mill Mills (with the under stone as the runner) for four I have ever seen of the kind. It was tried before months, and recommend it for its rapid grinding numbers of spectators, who were highly pleased. and the quality of its meal, as well as its perfect Yours, &c., CUB.'rIS JACKSON. adaptation to any power or speed which may be re­ quired. In several trials of its capacity for grind­ ing rapidly, I have tested it by the watch, and Crittenden, Ky., January 1st, 1853. found it ground, with two 'mules, at the rate of ful­ Isaac Straub g- C().: Gentlemen-The 26-inch ly four bushels pe?' hour; with fou?' mules, at the "Queen of the South" does her work; the millers rate of fully ten bushels PC?' llOU?'; and with six are well pleased with it, and say it does better mules, at the rate af fou?·tecn, fifteen and as high as work and makes more meal than any ::\1ill that has seventeen bushels pe?' hour. On the last two trials, ever been in this country. The man to whom we Messrs. Robert Owens, W. H. T. Browne and Wm. sold the Burrows Mill offered us $50 difference in E. Figures, were present and kept the time. At them, and, when he gets clear of it, we are induced this very rapid rate, I find the meal perfectly to think he will favor you with a call. sweet, round and free from heat, and, at the same Yours, &c., T. R. KIZE. time, increased fully one-third in bulk. I will further state, that the above rate of grind­ ing is probably more than that done at the usual Huntsville, Ala., January 13th, 1852. slow ginning walk of my mules, by twenty·five or Isaac Stra7tb g- Co.-The days of the Burrows thirty per cent., and that much depends upon the Mill are numbered. '1'he" Queen of the South," I quality of the gearing to which they are attached. can safely say, is the best Corn Mill in the countTY. I find that my Mill grinds well with any number The 18-inch millJyou sent me is propelled by four of mules, and the only thing necessary is, to sup­ small mules, attached to gin-gearing, and has a speed ply the corn in proportion to the draught. of only 260 revolutions of the runner stone to the I run my Mill regularly once a week, and shall minute j it grinds fully seven bushels of fine meal be pleased to see anyone who feels an interest in per hour. This is faster than any mill of J. H. Mills. Burrows' make, in this neighborhood, of 24-inch. My Mill has not been sharpened since I started Yours, &c., R B. NORVELL, it, and. has not been out of order at any time. Wl\I. J. McCALLEY. Baton Rouge, La., December 6tp, 1854. Mess1'S. Isaac Stmub ~. Co., Cincinnati" 0.: Gentlemen-In looking over the" Scientific Amer­ Cincinnati, January 25th, 1853. iean" of date of 2d December. I notice Edward Messrs. Straub 0/ Co.: Gentlemen-We have Harrison, of New Haven, Co~n., giving list of but partially tested your 30-inch Mill, but are fully sizes of his Corn and Flouring Mills and product satisfied that it is all you promise it to be, and con­ per hour of same. In same paper, he also offers a firmed by the results, in grinding full twenty per challenge, with a reward of one thousand dollars, cent. more than the highest figures in bnshels per for an equal. He says, for instance, one of his hour named by you. We have ground, without 30-ineh mills, with a power of from 6 to 12 horses, motive to test its cap~city, 30 bushels per hour, at mill making 500 to 800 revolutions, will give 150 a speed of ;)20 j engme running at 49 when her bushels in ten hours. Now, as I have in use one regular speed is .60. The r~sult, high' as it is, is of your 22-inch "Queen of the South" Mills. and not the full capaCIty of the M!ll. She will do con­ know what it has done, I think Mr. Harrison's Mills ~iderablll more when brought to a full test. comparatively very poor affai7'S. With the engine Z. M. PEDAN, procured from you, piston making 90 to 100 revo­ JESSE RUSSELL. lutions per minute, I have, within two weeks past, [ 15 ] a.nd at more than one grinding, produced an aver­ the grain lodging in the eye of the burl'. In the age of over fifteen bushels pe1' hOU1·. Some ten days "Queen of the South," buil t by you, there is no since, I ground in one hour, piston making full 100 choking up in the eye; besides that, the variation revolutions per minute, 19 bushels. I then reduced in the speed makes no difference in the quality of the feed of Mill, and ground 78 bushels in 5 hours. the meal. I have run your Mill over 800 per The Mill had just been faced and dressed, and was minute, and she makes better meal at that speed in fine order; when perfectly dull, however, does than she will at 200 per minute; if the burrs are not get below 12 bushels. My impression is, that properly dressed, your Mill will grind 30 bushels your Mills are ahead of any thing known. Myen­ per hour. I can not say too much in favor of the gine is a 5-inch cylinder, 9 inch crank, 18-inch " Queen of the South" above all other Mills that I stroke; boiler 14 feet long, 34 inches diameter, have seen at work; and for the benefit of those double flue. who wish to purchase, I can say, without regard to Respectfully, JOSHUA BEAL. parties, that they will save time, expense and power by purchasing your Mill. I know that all burr manufacturers think their own make the best, Chicago, Ill., December 30th, 1852. but here is a practical test of both kinds of burrs, I certify that I bought one of Mr. Straub's that if any person doubts the above statement, he "Queen of the South" Corn Mills, to grind char­ can satisfy himself if he will take the trouble to coal and coke for foundery purposes. call at Massey & Wheeler's steam Saw-Mill, at I run the Mill by steam power near the cupola Alexandria, Campbell county, Ky. I might give in the foundery, and often, while the Mill was in many other reasons for the advantage Straub's operation, some slugs of iron would be among the " Queen of the South" has over all other Mills, but coke, and get into the Mill. The chunks of iron think the above sufficient. E. KNAUER. would stop the Mill suddenly; the band would slip off the pulley. N a damage whatever was done this Mill. This has happened very often. PaTkenburg, Yell Connty, A,·kansas, I am confident if the Mill had been an upper September J Oth, 1853. runner such violence would have thrown the upper Isaac Straub g- Co.: Gentlemen-My mill is now mill·stone from the cock· head, and made the thing in successful operation, attatched to gin gearing, dangerous, but, under such circumstances, Mr. and meets my expectations. I run it with four Straub's Mill is perfectly safe, and will take no in- horses and am doing the grinding of a very large jury. ISAAC PIONEER. extent of country. Although the burrs are only 18 inches diameter, yet it grinds as fast as any mill in the country. The fact is, it is a perfect cu­ Alexand,·ia, I(y., March 15th, 1854. riosity and astonishes as well as pleases this whole Isaac Straub g- Co.: Gentlemen-I have been community. Yours truly, inquired of by a number of persons who wished to JOHN C. PARKER. purchase burrs for grinding corn and wheat, which was the best, the upper runner manufactured by J. Hitesville, Cole COWlty, Illinois, H. Burrows & Co., or the under runner built by September 24th, 1853. you. As I have had some experience in the busi­ Isaac Straub 0/ Co.: Gentlcmen-I am running ness, and have tested both kinds, I will there­ the 26 inch burrs I bought of you and grinding all fore give you my experience for the benefit of the the corn that comes here; we grind for a settle­ public. I have used the 3~-inch Burrows Mill for ment 20 miles round. I have ground 29t bush­ three years, :My Mill having burned down, I re­ els of corn in 62 minutes. We keep the burrs in built again, and concluded to try your 3~-inch good order and have no trouble with them. Mr. "Queen of the South." The present owners of Burrows did me a great favor by disappointing the Mill (Massey & Wheeler) have put up by the me and causing me to buy your Mill j he has a side of your Mill one of Burrows's, the same in di­ mill running in this country, but I think he will ameter. I have timed them both, and, as near as have no more here. Yours, in haste, I could calculate, from the state of the corn as it W. E. BROWN. came into the Mill, some dry and some damp, the result is in favor of the" Queen of the South" by Dyersburg, Tenn., April 22d, 1854. one· half. The greatest trouble in the Burrows Mill was, that when I run it up to 225 revolutions Messrs. St1·anb g- Co.: Gentlemen-We now per minute the eye of the burr would choke up have the 30 incL Mill you sold us in operation. with corn; of course the speed would have to be It makes the best meal we ever saw, and grinds as reduced in order for the Mill to relieve itself of its fast as we expected; we are entirely satisfied with load; then the corn would all faU down at once; its performance. the consequence is, a portion of coarse meal is dis­ Yours, respectfully, charged, as there is no way to prevent the burr G. B. nIILLER & CO. fr()m raising. This is particularly the case in the fall of the year, when there is so much damp and Vernon, Incl., March 13th, 1854. green corn to grind, that it requires the strictest I Straub

.. ... , QUEEN" OF -r::a::E SOUT:B:. WHEAT FLOURING BURRS.

FIGURE 8_ FIGURE 9.

SINGLE-GEAUED MILL. DOUBLE-GEARED MILL. Of these I build three sizes, viz: 26, 30 and rioration commences, and power begins to be usc- 36 inch diameter. Experience has shown, that, for lessly employed in getting it out of the way, wIJieh manufacturing wheat flour the small burr, and, it can only do very slowly; for every particle mu~t more especially, the underrunning burr, has many describe a volute, with minute, but gradually ell­ advantages over the old-fashioned four feet stone. larging circles, till it gets to the edge or skii·t pf The defects of the old system are, that for a the stone, and is discharged. " pair of stones four feet diameter, an engine of 8 And were the co-efficient of friction resistance to ~orse power, actual, is required. The lower stone the centrifugal velocity ascertained, the actual dis­ IS fixed; the upper one, weighing 1500 Ibs., re- tance to which the meal is subject to this grinding valves, the grinding surface working at a mean ve- action could be determined. But it must be very locity of 15 feet per second, when the stone makes great, circling. as it does, round a stone 4 feet cli- 120 r_evolutions per minute, the average number ameter, since the friction resistance of an adhesive for thIS power_ Through a hole of ten inches di-· substance like meal to the centrifugal action is so ameter, called the eye, in the middle of this re- considerable. It is thus ea,y to see that some por­ volving stone the wheat enters, and is drawn be- tion of the bread-making properties of the flour t~een the stones and ground, the stones being are destroyed by so much unnecessary trituration, slightly chiseled out in lines called dressing, to and that much power is consumed in getting rid of' pr?duce the grinding surfaces. So heavy a weight, a material so retarding as meal, beyond that rc­ flYlDg around at this high velocity, soon crushes qui red merely to grind the wheat. the wheat, and reduces the cont.ents to tlour. when The UarLe1--running Milt obviates these defects, it oug_ht immediately to escape, but cann~t; ~o because it is the nearest approach to natural me­ large IS the area of the stones, so great is the chanics. ",Ve can see with what admirable econo­ pressure of the top stone, and so clogged up do my of power the jaws of the horse are contrived they become by the sticky meal aving to travel so to grind his corn. The heavy head-bearing, upper far. Thus, from the instant that the meal is re- jaw is fixed; the lower one moves, and being of tained ~eyond the time required to grind it, dete- little weight, requires but little power to move it_ [ 18 ]

It is also an upward pressure, 110 that no weight the quality of the flour or quantity of feed. We rests upon corn, all in the present erroneous sys· have ground corn; can grind 25 bushels pel' hour ; tem. Its pressure, therefore, is exactly propor· makes as good meal as can be made on any mill. tioned to the work it has to do, and no more; We are aware that we can not make as good flour, whilst the lower grinders, with their serrated edges, or as much per bushel, while grinding corn on the may be likened to little mill stones of small sur· mill. We are satisfied from experience that your face, which: with a semi·rotary motion, reduces the mill is the best now in use, for several different corn to meal. Designedly or not, the under·run. reasons: ning mill is on precisely the same principles 1st, They can be run by any kind of power, in throughout. The upper stone is fixed, the lower any situation; 2d, They will take feed freely one revolves, and instead of being 1500 pounds without choking ; 3d, They grind perfectly cool; weight, like the upper revolving stone of the pres­ 4th, Never injure by running empty. ent mills, is only from 100 to 300 lbs. weight, va­ You name your mills" Queen of the South," we rying according to the size of the mills. Thus the call our mill the" Queen of the West," as we are upward pressure is as nicely proportioned as the convinced she can't be beat. Should it be to your horse's jaw, sufficient only to open, not to crush interest to refer to us in your future sales in this the corn. The smallest possible surface, the quick. county, you will please do so, as we take pleasure est possible delivery consistent with coolness, and in giving any information we can. the greatest possible quantity, ground at the first We remain, yours respectfully, casting, and with the smallest power, constitute HARRIMAN & CARTER. the great principles of milling, and in the under. running burr they are all combined. G1'eencastte, Ia., October 9th, 1854. Isaac Stmub 0/ Co.: Gentlemen-I am now fully prepared to gratify your wishes with respect to the performance of your" Queen of the South" Table 01" Prices Cor Wheat Flour­ burrs, having sufficiently tried them to speak with ing lllills. certainty. They perform well. I have a good miller, and I warrant all work done at my mill, 26·inch single geared, $140 00 either custom or merchant work, and so far .have " double " 165 00 had none to take back, for all are highly pleased 30·inch single " 175 00 with the quality of my flour. I have ground 20 " double " 200 00 bushels of wheat, on each pair of burrs, per hour; 36·inch single " 250 00 but that is more i:han is done on an average. " double " 275 00 The size of my burrs, as you are aware, are 30. To manufacture flour of a superior quality, the inch diameter, and my average grind is 12 bushels above mills will grind as follows, viz: per hour. This is done by running about 300 per 36·inch, 12 to 15 bushels per hour. minute, and light feed. I can make better flour 30 " IOta 12 " " " and cleaner bran by so doing, than faster running 26 " 7 to 9 " " " and heavier feed; and then the three take so little N. B. Prices above given for Flouring mills are power to drive them. My fuel costs me $2.75 (27 my lowest figures. Agents sell at same prices, bushels coal) to run my mill per day ; and with adding thereto freights and charges to where sold. my engine and boiler I can drive fiv e or six pair of The following prices are at present charged for your burrs at the same time, with tolerable ease. t~e best quality of " Old Anchor" Bolting Cloth, The average yield of flour, from wheat weighing VIZ: 58 to 60 lbs. to the bushel, is from 39 to 42 lbs., No. 10, per yard, $300; No.9, $2.90; No.8, after taking one·seventh toll; and my flour is of $2.80; No.7, $2.70; No.6, $2.60, No.5, $2.50; superior quality. This is beating any of the 4·feet No. 4, $2.40; No.3, $2.30; No.2, $2.20; No.1, burrs in this country, from 4 to 8lbs. to the bushel, $2.10; 0 and 0 0, $2.00. and no complaint of the amount or kind of flour Of these, Nos. 7 and 8 are the best for country made by me. My flour took the premium at our work. county fair. Yours, &c., JOHN N. WOOD.

Irvins1)ille, Nicholas county, ICy., TESTIllIONIALS. March 1st, 1853. Messrs. St1'aub 0/ Co.: Gentlemen-The 30·inch Cltilicotlte, L ivingston county, llfo. , mill I bought of you is all right. I can make January 13th, 1854. from 44 to 50 lbs. of floq.r to the bushal of wheat, Messrs. I St1'aub 0/ Co.: Gentlemen-We are and my mill is not in as good order as she ought well pleased with the thirty inch mill you sent us, to be for wheat; the reason is, I have to keep bel' and very agreeably disappointed with its work. in order to grind corn also. My opinio)1 is, that We have ground some wheat, and from experience the Queen of the South will manufacture more in the milling business we know it makes good wheat flour than any mill on the old plan. I find flour and a good yield. We can grind 20 bushels your mill runs longer without dressing, and is per hour with 400 revolutions per minute; the never out of orderl' irregular motion of our mill makes no difference in Your friend, JOHN B. ~AYLOR. [ 19 ] Port Gibson, la., 21st October, 1853. I do believe that your mills can't be beat for mak­ Messrs. 1. Straub q. Co.: Gentlemen-The 26- ing good meal and flour. If any person wishes to inch mill I got from you does first rate. I can see your mills in operation, either grist or saw­ grind 17 bushels of wheat per hour, and make mills, or wishes any information in regard to them, from 40 to 43 Ibs. good flour per bushel. I am send them to me, and I will give them all that I well pleased with it for making flour, and if I can can. sell my Saw-mill I want one of your 3~-inch burrs. Yours truly, T . HUGO.

~efere:n.ces.

Having given a few out of the many certificate§ we have, we respectfully refer those in want of a. good mill to the following persons, in several states, who have them in operation, viz :

Ohio. Roy G. Perry & Co., Oceola, Crawford co. John H. Wachendorf, Reading, Hamilton county_ Aaron Boggs, Covington, Miami co. John Lowrie, Cumminsville, " " Tibbetts & Huron, Cincinnati, Indiana. Dixon, Shoemaker & Co., " Abiathar Crane, Bainbridge, Putnam co. J. S. Chenoweth & Co., " Curtis Jackson, Eagletown, Hamilton co. James Morrison, " " Messrs. Littleford &, Co., Lu Ray, Delaware co. Harper, Winall & Co., " " 'Vm. Lambert, Bra.zil, Clay co. J. N. Godwin, Bethel, Clermont county. N. M. Whitman & Bro., Marshfield. Murdoch & Brown, California, Clermont county. J. R. Hancock, 1'aylorsville, Bartholomew co. G. & C. Hegner, Palestine, " " J. O'Brian, Mt. Pleasant, Martin co. Wm. Cook, New Richmond, " " John Yetter & Co., Peru, Miami co. Wm. Z. Stephens, Gomer, Allen county. Adamson & Cobbs, Butlerville, Jennings co. D. B. Stew::ut, Guysville, Athens " Henry Fisher, Oldenburg, Franklin co. Isaac Brooks 2d, W"oodyard's, Athens county. T. D. & M. L. Jones, Bluntsville, Henry co. Gardiner & Mulloy, Nicholsville, Clermont county. T. W. Graham, Vevay, Switzerland co. David Crall, 'Westminster, Allen county. Hughes & Williams, Metamora, Franklin co. Bevis & Snowhill, Fayetteville, Highland county./ Price & Johnston, Salem, 'Vashington co. George Elston, Marietta, Washington co. J. S. Flemming, Aurora, Dearborn co. Allen & Evans, Chilicothe, Ross ~. Phelps & Graham, Newburg, 'Warrick co. Daniel Shaw, Veto, Washington co. F. C. Heberhartz, Madison, Jefferson co. Lukens & Herdman, Falls Tp., Muskingum co. Tripp, Hix & Co., Veronll,Jennings co. RIchard Pitzer, Hibernia, Franklin co. S. W. & J. M. Harper, Versailles, Ripley co. Warden, IIill & Co., Bethel, Clermont co. James Layton & Brother. Greensburg, Decatur co. L. & G. W. Barnett, Huntsville, Logan co. Nathan Compton, New Castle, Henry co. G. W . .II. Lybrand, Tarlton, Pickaw::ty co_ Tuttle, Anderson & Co., Sllgar Creek, Hancock co. Kirkpatrick, West & Co., Decatur, Brown co. John Payne, Cloverland, Clay co. D. H. Lamb, Cleveland, Cuyahoga co. Jesse L. Holman, Holton, Ripley co. Buena Vista Stone Co., Buena Vista. Wm. S. Speakman, Aurora, Ohio co. Bearns & Barickman, Middletown, Marion co. George W. McConnell, Noble Iron Works, Noble co. W. W. Wood, Marysville, Union co. John S. Kirkpatrick, Perryv~lle, Vermillion co. R. Meeker, Sharonsville, Hamilton co. T. & J. ",V. Gaff, Aurora, OhIO co. V. B. IIorton, Pomeroy, Meigs co. John & 'l'homas McFadden, Nineveh, Johnston co. J. K. Brice, Pleasant P.O., Putnam co. Lowe & Smith, Germantown, Boone co. Peter Boyer, Yellow Springs, Green co. John N. Wood, Greencastle, Putnam co. Daniel Keethler, Puebla, Brown co. E. :VI. 'Weaver, Lafayette, Tippecanoe co. J. P. Blake, Prospect, Marion co. P. S. Needer, Attica, Fountain co. L. M. Manker, Fincastle, Brown co. Little & Iglehart, Evansville, V::tnderburg co. J. Snap & Co., St. Paris, Champ::tign co. H. B. 'fomlinson, Lebanon, Boone co. R. B. Hubbard & Co., Sandusky, Erie co. Leach & Co., Kokomo, Howard county. George White, Allen P.O., Miami co. Williams & Harvey, Farmington, Hamilton co. Daniel Crane, Ridgeville, 'Varren co. Atcheson & Gilmore, Greencastle, Putnam co. John Harner, Carysville, Champaign co. Sylvester J. Leonard, Liberty, Union co. Alex. McConnell, McConnellsville, Morgan CG. Thomas Claton, Mt. Auburn, Shelby co. Thos. Patterson, Highland co. Luther Jewett, Jewettsburg, 1'ippecanoe co. C. E. Smith, Dayton, Montgomery co. Jacob Coaber. Kokomo, Howard co. S. G. Burnett, Lockland, Hamilton co. Mumford & Co., L::tfayette, Tippecanoe county. Pratt & Covill. Delaware, Delaware co. Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, Lafayette, Tippecanoe co . •John Ferris, Chesterville, Morrow co. T. Grant & Co., Evansville, Vanderburgh co. l town. William Pollock, Lewiston, Logan co. Geo. Deuchemin, Zionville Sation, near New German­ Braden & Youngher, Tostorio, Seneca co. Cartwright & Coal, Mt. Pleasaut, Jay co. Thos. Hartley, Fearon, Washington co. John W. Wright, Esq., Logansport, Cass co. J. Victor Smith, Loveland, Clermont co. George D. Ballew, Washington, Daviess co. J. E. Snow, W e~t Andover, Asht'1.buhl co. John Goulding, New Albany, Floyrl co. [ Q.O ]

1\1. E. Davidson. Francisville. L. Davenport, Clinton, DBwitt co. Jacob Brugh &; Co., Hartford, Blackford co. John S. Wallace (f' Co., Bloomfield, l':dgar co. H'lI'vey &- Whittenberg, Grand Point, Washington co. Kentucl

IUisSissil'l'i. Pennsylvania. Wm. McCutcheon &: Co., Vicksburg. S. M. Wagel, McKean, Erie co. John B. Queggles, Natchez. Jesse Hook, 'Waynesburg, Greene co. T. J. James, American Bend. Brown. & Kirkpfttrick, Pittsburg. E. P. Johnson, Abram Straub, Milton. J. II. Robb, " " Henry H. Bassler, Fairview, Erie co. Mr. Hoggett, Stone Landing. T. Jones Stewart, Woodville, Wilkinson co. T. Archer, Juno Albino Plantation. Virginia. Burr Garland, Jackson, Hinds co. Fitzhugh & Brother, Rftvenswood, Jackson co. A. C. Watson, Rodney, Jefferson co. James Dye, Parkersburg. Hood & Smith, Greenville, Washington co. A. L[l,idley, Laidley'S Landing. Isaac Hull, Hinds co. Commo. Thomas Ap. C. Jones, Prospect Hill, Fairfax Col. J. P. Caruthers, Commerce, Tunica. county. R. K. Becktel, Adams co. Frederick Read, }<'rankli.n co. Georgia. H . M. Booth, Jefferson co. John Whiting, Rodney, Jefferson co. T. J. Smith, Monticello, Jasper co. Dr. L. L. '£aylor, G)·eenville. T. Purcell, Rodney. California. Louisiana. George 'Theuerkauf, Santa Clara. Joseph Landis & Co., New Orleans. Lolor Maclea & Co., San Francisco. Stark, Day &: Stauffer," " John Yontz, Esq., San Jose. F. F. Folger &: Co., " H. Bonaba, " llIichigan. J. G. Young, Red River. W. T. Hurley, " " Andrew Y. Moore, Schoolcraft, President State Acrri- Reuben White, Bates's Plantation, Red River. cultural Society. '" STC>C~ FEED 1v.J:XLL. FIGURE 11.

Improved Black Vulture. The above cut, Figure 11, shows a small iron framed Corn Mill, with 14 in. diameter burrs, and "BLACK VULTURE." a Corn Crusber attachment. l!'igure 10 is a view of a Corn Crusher, compos­ This Mill, like the larger sizes, can be converted ~d of a pair of 14 inch French burrs, set in a cast­ into a Corn meal mill, or Feed mill, by removing the Iron case, with a Cob-Breaker immediately over the Crusher and putting on a hopper for shelled corn burrs, the burrs doing the pulverizing. or small grain. This is a handy and useful Mill The feed can be made as fine as wanted, and, for weak power, say one or two horses. Like the when the burrs get dull, in an hour they can be Black Vulture, it is always built single geared. made sharp. With good power, this mill will grind 2 .~ bushels This little article can be set up in large merchant per hour for each horse-:-say 4 average horses, 10 or grist mills, and driven by a band, like a smut bushels per hour. machine, and make cob feed from the whole ear in one operation, without troubling the large burrs A~bdito?"'s Office, Frankfort, I(y., with cobs. Or it can be driven by any ordinary Dec. 13th, 1853. h?rse power, in a gin-house, or on the barn floor, Isaac St1'aub 0/ Co.-The Crusher" Black Vul­ wIth a common belt horse power for threshing grain. ture" is at work, and every body sa.ys it is one of We also rig our Cob-Breaker,in a small frame tbe best articles of the kind EVER made. To use simply to break the ears of corn fine enough fo; the expression of one man, "it can't be beat." grinding, in the place of the ordinary bark mill. With 4 horses and light work, the Vulture will When thus put up, a four-inch band has power crush and grind 20 bushels per hour. Yours, enough to break up twenty bushels per hour. We THOS. S. PAGE. sometimes fashion the breaker to be placed on the hoop of the common mill-stone, where it breaks by Lexington, ](y., Dec. 16th: 1853. being driven from the balance ryne, and the broken Mess1'S. l~aac Str'aub ~ Co.-We write to say cobs and corn fall into the cye of the mill· stone. that the" Black Vulture" bought of you W01'!cS As breakers, the article costs forty-five dollars. .finely. D. A. SAYRE &, CO. Lexington, Ky., September 15th, 1852. I Straub 4- Co.-I have given the stock feed REFERENCES.-For the mcrits of our Stock mill " Black Vulture," a fail' trial; it comes up to Feed Mill, Black Vulture, we refer to the following t~e warranty. I have ground 10 bushels pel' hour persons who have them in use, viz: wI~h four horses. You can safely recommend it as J. W. Hale & Co., Wirt co., Va., Little Kanawha. bemg an excellent machine for tbe purpose intend- E. Knauer, Alexandria, Campbell co., Ky. ed. DAVID COLEMAN. Abiather Crane, Bainbridge, Putnam co., Ind. Hudnut & Bradley, Edinburg, Johnston co., Ind. Carnpbell Co., I(Jf., Jan. 20, 1853. D. B. Stewart, Guysville, Athens co., Ohio, Messrs. St1'aub 4- Co.-The Black Vulture Corn Wheeler S. Gillett, Huntington, Huntington co., Iud. and Cob. Crusher, bou&bt of you, proves to be a John N. W"oods, Greencastle, Putnam co., Ind. ~ John Steele, near Lexington, Fayette co., Ky. good artICle. I gnnd WIth one horse on an end­ Alfred Mathers, White Cottage, Muskingum co., Ohio. less chain po,,:er, say.3 b~shels pel' hodr. I am per­ Judge J. M. Palmer, Palamo Mills, Defiance, Ohio. fectly well satIsfied WIth It and do recommend it t.o Robert Buck, Manchester, Adams co., Ohio. the-farmers; it grinds as fine as I want it. Wellington Manufacturing Co., Wellington, Lorn,ine BENJAMIN SMITH. I county. Ohio. [ 23 ]

THE VORTEX COMBINATION;

FIGURE 12.

Or, The Rolling Power and Whirling Mill.

Figure 12 is a Mill and horse power that truly is in such a way that they are movable. This we call one of " the queer things of the earth," called the the detached spindle. We often make two or even Vortex Combination, or the Rolling Power and three run of burrs to one Mill, on the detached Whirling nfill. spindle, dressing e:lOh pair for the express purpose: A slight examination of the figure will show how i. e, one pair for wheat flour, one pail' for corn this apparatus is set up. First, lay down, partly meal, one pail' for corn and cob feed, with a Cob­ under ground, solid cross timbers, upon which Breaker, etc.-using but one pair at a time-thus place (solid) the cast-iron railway ring; in the oil a farmer can have a Mill for every and all pur­ cup of this ring place the frame work ; then put poses. The stones can be changed in thirty min­ the shaft and driving-wheelan; after this, build on utes. When stones are changed see that the an'ow solid scantling foundation a circular board roller 01' dUTt on bUTr is placed 01)er the meal-spout. way, about two feet wide, the boards cut wedge A small bolter is furnished for bolting wheat form [sec Fig.]. Care must be taken that the rol­ flour. 1'his bolter is a traveling one, made to ler touches the boards on every part of its face; the move round the circle, and at the sallie time driv­ roller being conic, the plain must correspond in ing its own reel. form; nail down the boards firmly. The horse­ When 'more than one horse is to be used, it is walk is outside of this circular roller way. intended they should walk side by side. The driving roller is like the frustrum of a cone, This power is supposed to be one of the very cast-iron, 18 illg£es on the face, 2G inches in diam­ best articles of its kind ever offered to the public. eter at onc eJer and 23 at the other, with iron It is strong and simple; warranted durable; and heads. This conic roller must be filled with small, when at work a perfect curiosity. round boulder rocks, or brick-bats, and grouted The price of this article is two hundred and with calcined Plaster Paris, or good cement; or it twenty-five dollars, with one run of burrs, for two can be built full with good lime mortar. The ob· horses; and if Crusher is wanted, two hundred ject is to make it heavy-as the contact on the and fifty dollars. floor is the driving power-this is done with the P. S.-There is a noticeable novelty in this cu­ shaft through it, turned up on end, a hole left for rious apparat.us. By inspection of the drawing, the purpose. All the other parts will suggest two counter spur wheel will be noticed, matching themselves to any man, where and how to place two pinions on the mill-spindles. Their relative them. diametel'S are such, that a change of speed can be One of the excellent properties of this power is, had by changing the pinion-one minute's work. that a sudden jerk of the horses will harm nothing, The change is made by sliding the pinion up or because the roller will slip a short distance and down on the spindle. This gives one speed for break nothing. Another advantageous property ginning, another for grinding grain, etc. The is, the Mill-spindle can be coupled to extend up­ Vortex Mill will require the house 01' shed, built ward to a beam, or floor overhead, where pulleys of to place it under, to be forty feet square in the any diameter or face can be placed for ginning clear. cotton, sawing wood, threshing grain, driving turn­ The following letters arb inserted to enable the ing-lathes, or any purpose that any horse-power is reader to form some idea of the properties or merit applicable. In such case, I build the Mill-stones of the Vortex Combination. [~4 J TESTIIUONIALS. V ortex mill and power, with 3 pairs 18-in. burrs, with Crusher (1 for corn, 1 ({linton, Hinds Co., ]}lass., Oct. 13th, 1851. for wheat and 1 for corn and cob), 320 00 Mr. Straub: Dear Sir-I have got home, and Vortex mill and power, with 3 pairs 22-in. have got the new power and mill at work. I am burrs, with Crusher (1 for corn, 1 grinding corn with one horse, at the rate of three for wheat and 1 for corn and cob), 375 00 bushels per hour. One horse does this with case. It attracts much attention here. I have no I do not build the Vortex mill with burrs any doubt I could sell a goodly nu~ber of them. How larger than 22.in. diameter. I also furnish a soon could you make eight 01' ten, deliverable at Wheat Flouring Bolt with this mill to any who your city? I have no doubt but a large number may desire it, for which I charge extra of prices could be sold in Texas. above, viz: For 4 feet B.olt, $40; 6 feet B~lt, $50. I am, dear sir, yours truly, The house or shed butlt for the above mill must GEO. H. GRAY, SR. be 40 feet square in the clear.

At Home, Hopkins Co., Ky., May 3d, 1853. Messrs. 1. S/1'aub 4' Co.-My "Vortex Combi· nation Mill" is now up, in complete order, and REFERENCES. does all it is recommended to do, surpassing all my anticipations, although they were very greatly in . Without adding other Testimonials, we refer its favor. I have fully tested the corn stones and those interested in "Vortex Combination" to the Crusher, and have made some good flour. I am following gentlemen who have them in use: perfectly satisfied with the Vortex, and would not Messrs. Buckley & Cottingen, Blue Lick, Nicolas co., Ky. take one thousand dollars for it if I could not get George McWhorter, Rowena, Russell co., Ky. another. - IJ as. B. And~r"on, Frankfort, Ross co., O. U ddt f 24th J 1853 M' S I Thos. H. SkIllman, Mt. Sterllllg, Montgomery co., Ky . . n er a e 0 une, , 1. amue T. T. Haley. Lafayette, Christi'ln co., Ky. wntes: . Col. John O'Fallon, St. Louis, Mo. My mill is gaining character and credit very John Lowerie, CumminsviIle, Hamilton co., O. , fast and far beyond my expectations. If it had ,J. D. HatcJ~ett, Esq., Henderson, Henderson co., Ky. I'd . till t b d i"1 I Dllrett WhIte, Esq, Menelos, MadIson co., Ky. on y rna e me III 0 .enoug 1 o. rea my laml y. I Richard Thornton, Chesterfield, MfLcoupin co., Ill. would have been satIsfied, but, lllstead of that, It Byrely & Warman, Niga:er Hill, Ark. will pay for itself in 12 mon ths. From actual Van Bergen, Ritner &- Co ., CambeIIsbllrg, Washington

trial of all within reach, it is given up that the W co.,la: l' I J '

BOLTING APPARATUS.

I am often asked by letter how to construct a Bolting Apparatus. Accompanying this I give a cut of the Reel, the most important part. Make the Reel four-sided, and not six sided. The further you depart from a cylindrical form the better. Gravitation does all the work; the higher thc ground article fails the better. It cannot fall without being lifted; a round Reel will not lift any. The ribs should be three inches wide to do the lifting. The motion should be about thirty-three revolutions per minute. For one pair of burrs the Chest and Reel should be, say fourteen or fifteen feet long; for two run four or five feet longer. The head end for half the length of the Reel should be covered with No.7 German Anchor Brand, and the tail half with No.8. Most millwrights put the course cloth at the tail. This is wrong; the fine cloth must keep out the specks after the rich part has passed through. Build the Reel four-sided (see wood cut). Be particular to measure the width of the cloth; then cut it lengthwise in equal half; then at every edge of the silk cloth sew with a double fell seam a strip of twilled cotton muslin about three inches wide. Be careful the distance of the ribs from one to the other is one and a half or two inches more than the whole width of the cut silk cloth. This o1tgM to touch nothing. Then with saddler's tacks nail through the cotton plenty of tacks, stretching tight and square. The Reel ought to have a depression of one inch in five feet, or a little more. A is a view of an eccentric cam with three drops. Its use is to playa trip-shoe to feed the ground material into the end of the Reel. The form of the induction spout must be left to the imagination of the constructor; a little thought will recom­ mend some form to the mind of anyone capable of using such B an apparatus. B is a wooden driv­ ing. pulley to take a flat three inch band. For City Inspection Flour (which I Bay is t~e poorest generally; it is killed in the grinding) Nos 8 and 9 may be put on, the first·named numbers will make the healthiest Flour. The cost of a Bolter, wood work, irons and cloth for one run of burrs will be about $75 00 30 inch mill, 175 00 Belting, say 35 00

lIT This is the cost of a complete fiouring mill without the power. $285 00 The Bolter must n~cessarily be lar.ge and bulky, and not portable. It should be built where used. I frequently bUild small portable Bolters for family use.

TO DRESS AND TEMPER MILL PICKS. It is important for many people in the country to know how to temper Mill Picks. Make a pail. ful of strong pickle of common salt. If it be boiled and skimmed so much the better. It must be cool when uRed. In a charcoal fire (which is much the best) let a workman draw out the ends on an anvil. In this operation care must be taken that the steel be not heated over a dark cherry ?·ed. When this is done warm one end at the point, not more than a dark cherry red. Drop it into the pickle, the warm end down. When cool treat the other end in the Bame way, and your work is done. Keep it away from the fire till it wants dressing again. Cast Steel is much injured by heating too high. The higher the heat when it is dropped into the brine, the harder the Pick: and vice versa. Keep the brine i the older it gets the better for this use. I • WEIGHr.r OF CORN AND WHEAT MILLS. 13 in. single geared, 400 pounds. 126 in. double geared, 1000 pounds. 18 in. double " 550" 30 in. single " 1000 " I 22 in. single " 600·" 130 in double " 1200 " 'I 22 in. double " 750" Black Vulture, 450 " 26 in. single geared, 800 " I Improved Vulture, 450 " I