Water Environment Governance in -Sustainable Strategies and Action Programs

Shih-bin Lin Division Chief Public Works Department, Taipei City Government,

email: [email protected] 27th September 2019

1 2018, Extremely torrential rain in Japan 2016, Heat wave in India

2017, Extremely torrential rain in Paris Four-year drought in California 2 0823 Extremely Torrential Rainfall

24小時累積雨量：資料更新時間 2018-08-24 15:40

Max. rainfall intensity: 111.5 mm/hr. 831.5 mm/24hrs.

3 (Source: 天氣風險公司)

(Source: 單信瑜教授、 天氣職人-吳聖宇、陳郭正處長臉書) Taipei City

•Area: 272 km2 (55% mountains /45% plains) •Population: 2.67 million (avg. density 9,800 ppl./km2) (Da-an dist. 27,000 ppl./km2) River •Average annual rainfall: 2,500 mm/yr. (plains) 4,500 mm/yr. (mountains) Low-lying areas Taiwan

Jingmei River 4 Geographic features • Surrounded by mountains • Two rivers aside & two across

Keelung Tamsui River River

Jingmei Xindian River River 5 Taipei Flooding Prevention System

Design Completion Constructed Criteria Rate

Embankment 200-year 109 km 83.2%

522 km Drainage 5-year (Gutter 96.7% system 78.8 mm/hr. 1,517km)

pumping 87 stations 60 mm/hr. 89.2% station 2,195 cms

6 Municipal Sewage Treatment System

Household connection rate 79.07% (No. of Households connected) (883,106) Separate system 2,703.9 km.

Bali Treatment Plant  Primary treatment 1.32 million CMD

Dihua Treatment Plant  Secondary treatment 0.5 million CMD  Reclaimed Water 10 thousand CMD

Neihu Treatment Plant  Secondary treatment 0.24 million CMD  Reclaimed Water 20 thousand CMD 7 In May 2018, the Taipei station broke the highest temperature38.2℃ since the station was built in 122 years (聯合報2018年5月27日報導)

38°C Heat Island Effect

8 Trend of Climate Change in Taiwan Annual average rainfall: driest/wettest year more and more frequent and intense!

資料來源：經濟部水利署http://epaper.wra.gov.tw/Epaper_Content.aspx?s=5168F47D924D1FCD 9 Precipitation trend in Taiwan for the past 55 years

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1000 A. (2315) 800 600 400 fluctuated but stayed static! 200 0 -200 -400 Precipitation (mm) -600 -800 300 B. (981) 200

100 rain hour shortened!

0

-100

-200 Rainhour (hour) -300

-400 1.2 C. (2.9) 1.0 rapid upward trend! 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Intensity (mm/hour) -0.4 -0.6 10 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 資料來源：「因應氣候變遷之調適策略」簡報，2010年。 Urban Expansion Grey Infrastructure (Impervious Surface)

Source: 2007 USEPA

Natural Ground Cover:  Losing water conservation 50% infiltration, 10% runoff capacity in city, Water comes and goes very 75%~100% impervious Surface:  15% infiltration, 55% runoff quickly. 11 2015. 6. 14 New type challenges extreme rainfall

• Drainage system design criteria: 13:10~20 rainfall coming 78.8 mm/hr. 15:11 began waterlogging 13.1 mm/10mins • Max rainfall：131 mm/hr. 33 mm/10mins Beyond the design criteria: 14:40~50 33 mm/10min water receded within 30 mins 15:33 water depth 24~35 cm Gongguan staion Accumulated rainfall (mm) (14:30~15:30)

15:30~40 5 mm/10min 15:55 water receded

12 Time (min) Challenges: Water Resources

 Annual Rainfall 2,467mm, 3 times of World Avg.  Water available per person only 1/5 of World Avg.

Long Term Water Scarcity

13 Source: Taiwan WRA 2015 Challenges: Wetland habitats and Water Front for Residents

14 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1000 A. (2315) 800 600 400 200 0 -200

-400 Precipitation (mm) -600 -800 300 B. (981) 200

100

0

-100

-200 Rainhour (hour) -300

-400 1.2 1.0 C. (2.9) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Intensity (mm/hour) -0.4 -0.6 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Impervious Extreme surface rainfall Heat Island Long Term Effect Water Scarcity

New approach is Challengesneeded !

Water Recreation Water Habitats 15 Wen-je Ko Taipei Mayor

Environment, Sustainability, Ecosystem, Next generation… Sponge City

16 Building a Sponge Taipei

Keep 吸 Reduce water heat/flood Government Parliament

Academia Reuse Smart Taipei 放 Experts water water usage Water Plan 2025 NGO Public- Restore Vibrant water participation river/stream 淨 environment 呼應水利署 Industry 建構不怕淹水的韌性臺灣 PPP 與水共生 風險分擔 海綿臺灣 是努力的目標！ （資料來源：經濟部水利署） 17 Building a Sponge Taipei

3 Visions 6 Goals 13 Strategies 190 Projects Sponge City Sustainable Taipei 18 Resilient and Adaptive City –Restore Urban Water Cycle

Around 112,787 m2 permeable sidewalk is constructed until the end of 2018. Except sidewalk, schools, parks, squares, parking lots and other open spaces are also considered. Permeable pavement: lower temperature, prevent standing water from raining. Utility duct: integrate piping and wires include electricity, communication, gas, gaseous body, CATV, street lamp, traffic sign…

Original sidewalk Extended bike lane Car lane ≥ 2.0 m ≥ 2.0 m 19 Resilient and Adaptive City –Restore Urban Water Cycle

羅斯福路5、6段 新生南路3段 復興南路(大安高工) Permeable pavement + underground Monitoring and Modeling rainwater storage + strip planting zone 2 透水鋪面衰減效益監測場址(南港經貿園區港後公園旁監測面積10m ) 大安高工前實際監測(面積約1,300m2)

Monitoring Monitoring results: results: Peak temp. Peak temp. 2.02~5.86°C 0.6~1.7°C Surface runoff surface runoff 7.3~19.8% ≒40%

20 Sustainable Planning- Green Infrastructure

Urban agriculture Green walls

Green roofs

Suburban street tress City street trees

Urban woodlands

21 Sensitive urban design Wetland restoration 2121 Sustainable Planning- Green roofs

Reducing urban heat island effect by promoting green roofs, meanwhile increasing ecological diversity to keep buildings in line with ecological, energy conservation, waste reduction, and health indicators.

Taipei Green Building Self-governance Green Roof and Green Energy Regulations (Article 5) Community Project The article states that private buildings with green building To accelerate the promotion of green roofs in labels and publicly owned buildings with construction existing buildings, guidance on greenery of value of more than NT$50 million shall have 50% of its roof platforms covered with greenery and shall be equipped site on idle roofs is provided and green roofs rainwater retention and use system and irrigation system and smart building improvements are capable of storing more than 2 tons of water. subsidized.

22 Sustainable Planning- Garden City Garden City

537 Kids gardens

62 Roof gardens

18 Civic farms

95 Happy farms

 Total area: 188,122 m2  Civil farmers: 163,165 pop. (2019/6/30) 23 The role of private sector

● " On-site rainwater runoff discharge standard for urban land development in Taipei City" issued in 2013.  Rainwater runoff discharge of a development site should NOT greater than the its original discharge.  Both public and private sector totally 569 projects were accomplished and contributed over 124,000 m3 detention volume.

Minimum conservation volume: 0.078 m3/m2 Maximum discharge volume: 0.0000173 cms/m2 24 Resilient and Adaptive City –Increasing Flood-Resisting Capacity Infiltration + ConservationTraditional + Detention Grey Infrastructure + Retention + Evapotranspiration

25 Big Data: 120,000 GIS Data

Feedback to Policy Design

26 Before Comprehensive Urban Watershed Management

Conservation Zone Detention Zone Flood-proof Zone After Comprehensive Urban Watershed Management

27 28 Wenshan in Taipei

Jingmei pumping station

新 P Area = 462.62 ha. 店 溪

景 P 美 溪 P P P P P Public Drainage system P P capacity only 59.1 mm/hr. P P

Flood prone area 29 in Taipei

78.8 mm/hr. (Design criteria)

12 June59.1 2012 mm/hr. Torrential rainfall 14 June 2015 (State of art) Torrential rainfall

14 June 2015 Torrential rainfall

14 June 2015 Torrential rainfall 12 June 2012 Torrential rainfall 30 Wenshan Flood Prevention & Drainage Plan

1 Jingmei pumping station P

(46,000 m3) 興旺里 Military police camp 4 flood detention pond 2 Fuxing Road drainage diversion system (9.6 cms) 興業里 興光里 興德里 (6,000m3) 5 Wenshan Sports Center flood detention pond

Xinglung Road drainage Flood prone area 31 diversion and expansion 3 Wenshan District and Modeling

Manhole and drainage system Pumping stations DEM Taipei City 2015 Height accuracy 63 km2 0.01 m

LiDAR DEM 1x1 resolution 63 million grids

32 Wenshan Flood Prevention & Drainage Plan

33 Wenshan District and 2D Modeling

• 局部低窪地形的效應 • 人孔溢流 雨水收集效率 • 34 Wenshan Flood Prevention & Drainage Plan Performance Evaluation 5-year design rainfall of 78.8 mm/hr. scenario: 1. Detention ponds reaching over 80% in capacity. 2. Diversion tunnel reaching 90% design conveyance.

35 Smart Rainwater Pumping System

蘭興 磺溪 關渡 大業東 奇岩 Headquarters of pumping stations 87 pumping stations 下八仙 知行 大業 大業二 北憲 新生站總管理中心大樓 418 pumping units 東 華 971 sluice gates 百齡 洲美一 文 福 2,195 cms pumping capacity 洲美二 林 中 洲美 林 芝 洲 山 文 福 士 衛 昌 德 林 勤 Division 6 社 大 Division 3 Shilin-Beitou area 17 stations 子 南 Right side Keelung River 11 stations 劍潭 洲美站管理大樓 迪 大 北安 新民權管理大樓 化 直 建國 港墘 大 中山 環山 龍 濱 陽光 康樂 圓山 新生 江 康寧 長壽 六 錦洲 南湖 Division 4 撫遠 成美 館 民生 民權 新民權 南港 誠正 經貿 Tamshui River 22 stations 忠 新長 長春 成功 大坑左 迪化抽水站 孝 松山 安 玉成 南深左 大坑右 貴 南京 林森 勤力 陽 南深右 福山

雙 Division 1 園 Xinsheng channel 10 stations 古 中山站管理大樓 亭 Division 2 Left side Keelung River 15 stations 景 Division 5 玉成擴建站 美 Jingmei River 12 stations 無名溪抽水站

中港 道 木新 南 碑 實踐 腹 寶 儀 無名溪 老泉里 36 Programmed and synchronizing operation 1. Enhancing operation precision 2. Improving maintenance quality Real-time remote 3. Minimizing manpower requirement control and monitoring

37 Water information and monitoring system

38 Water information and monitoring system

Real-time radar image Real-time Real-time CCTV image rainfall hydrograph Image recognition Cross section of river water level

39 Water information and monitoring system

Real time satellite image Real time rainfall

Real time Real time Real time pumping station and river water level drainage water level flood wall gates operation status40 Water information and monitoring system

水情資訊APP

• Rainfall • River water level • Rain water sewer system • Pumping stations • Radar maps • CCTV video • Mobile monitoring

 開發水情行動平台

41 Inundation Forecasting and Early Warning

Data collection & Modeling  Geographic Information System 數值地形高程

雨量站 雨量站 所屬 雨量站 雨量站 所屬 雨量 雨量站 所屬  Land use information 編碼 站名 單位 編碼 站名 單位 站編碼 站名 單位 桃源國 01A420 竹子湖 水利署 A1A9U0 臺北市政府 A1AB70 奇岩 臺北市政府 中 土地利用資料 北投國 C0A870 五指山 氣象局 A1A9V0 臺北市政府 A1AB80 雙溪 臺北市政府 小 陽明高 C0A980 社子 氣象局 A1A9W0 臺北市政府 A1AC50 舊莊 臺北市政府 中 太平國  Rainfall data C0A9A0 大直 氣象局 A1A9X0 臺北市政府 A1AC40 指南 臺北市政府 小 民生國 C0A9B0 石牌 氣象局 A1A9Y0 臺北市政府 A1AC60 九如 臺北市政府 觀測雨量資料 中 中正國 C0A9C0 天母 氣象局 A1A9Z0 臺北市政府 A1AC70 挹翠 臺北市政府 中 三興國 即時資料 C0A9E0 士林 氣象局 A1AA00 臺北市政府 A1AC80 明德 臺北市政府 Real-time 小 格致國 C0A9F0 內湖 氣象局 A1AA10 臺北市政府 A1AC90 溪山 臺北市政府 中 歷史資料 平等國 Historical C0AC70 信義 氣象局 A1AA20 臺北市政府 A1AD00 菁山 臺北市政府 小 至善國 C0AC80 文山 氣象局 A1AA30 臺北市政府 A1AD10 擎天 臺北市政府 中 168 rainfall stations 碧湖國 C1A730 公館 氣象局 A1AA40 臺北市政府 A1AD30 安泰 臺北市政府 小 東湖國 C1AC50 關渡 氣象局 A1AA50 臺北市政府 A1AD40 油坑 臺北市政府 小 留公國 Rain water sewer system C0AC40 大屯山 氣象局 A1AA60 臺北市政府 A1AD20 竹湖 臺北市政府  中 舊莊國 C0AH40 平等 氣象局 A1AA70 臺北市政府 A1AD50 劍南 臺北市政府 雨水下水道資料 小 市政中 C0AH70 松山 氣象局 A1AA80 臺北市政府 A1AD60 貓空 臺北市政府 心 文化大 博嘉國 A0A460 中央氣象局 A1AA90 臺北市政府 A1AD80 貴子 臺北市政府 學 小 大安森 北政國 CAAH60 中央氣象局 A1AB00 臺北市政府 A1AG20 大湖 臺北市政府 林 中 01A410 中正橋 水利署 A1AB10 埤腹 臺北市政府 A1AG30 稻香 臺北市政府 466910 鞍部 氣象局 A1AB20 雙園 臺北市政府 A1AG40 四獸 臺北市政府 466920 臺北 氣象局 A1AB30 中洲 臺北市政府 A1AG50 劍潭 臺北市政府 466930 竹子湖 氣象局 A1AB40 玉成 臺北市政府 A1AG60 福州 臺北市政府 湖田國 A1A9S0 臺北市政府 A1AB50 建國 臺北市政府 A1AG70 仙跡 臺北市政府 小 大屯國 臺北市政府 福德 臺北市政府 金面 臺北市政府 A1A9T0 小 A1AB60 A1AG80

42 Inundation Forecasting and Early Warning

2019/07/22 15:30 Inundation Forecasting (2019/07/22 15:30積淹水預估) Maximum 60 minutes of rainfall : 136.5 mm (16:10)

15:30 Flood Forecasting 16:10~16:40 Temporary Inundation

43 Sustainable Water Usage –Diverse Water Reuse Municipal Sewage Treatment System

Bali Treatment Plant  Primary treatment 1.32 million CMD

Dihua Treatment Plant  Secondary treatment 0.5 million CMD  Reclaimed Water 10 thousand CMD

Neihu Treatment Plant  Secondary treatment 0.24 million CMD  Reclaimed Water 20 thousand CMD 44 Monitoring System for Municipal Sewage Treatment System

Real-time monitoring:  3 sewage treatment plants  4 sewage pumping stations 衛工處/防災中心  37 interception stations  71 water level sensors 大數據平台

防災管理平台

Central Central Monitoring monitor of monitor Monitoring ofof pumping pumping sewage office in stations treatment plant SSO stations Real-time monitoring

Data Treatment Quality

phone DVR PLC monitor Emergency Response

45 Monitoring System for Municipal Sewage Treatment System

污水監視APP

• Real-time Rainfall • Sewer Water Level • Status of Pumping Stations • Interception Stations • Gates of WWTP • onsite treatment facilities • WWTP Out-flow Water Quality Real-time monitoring

WWTP: Waste Water Treatment Plant  污水處理系統監看平台

46 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle of Energy and Resources in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge drying station/Heat Exchanger 80% Volume Reduced

92%

BioGas Reuse Sludge before and after Dehydrated

Reuse

500 tons/yr.

Trips of Waste to Landfill Reduced 47 Waste recycling- Wastewater treatment

Decentralized Sewage Treatment System - Promoting the use of Reclaimed Water

Water Education Park • 整合撫遠公園環境景觀 Multifunctional • 改造及活化民生廠環境 Commercial Office Building

Underground Sewage Treatment Plant • 分擔污水下水道系統污水量 • 提供再生水 40,000CMD 48 Conclusion Remarks ”Better information leads to better decisions”  monitoring and smart management system is the key to implement sustainable water management in Taipei.  Analyzing the monitoring data for decision making support also to verify the policy benefits.

Water quantity

Water quality

Environment temp.

資料來源:2017/3/29臺北水環境論壇-臺北市政府簡報 49 Welcome to Taipei

Resilient Sustainable Vibrant Adaptive Reusing Livable

Thank you for Listening! 50