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Download 臺北水環境治理之創新永續策略與行動計畫water Environment Water Environment Governance in Taipei -Sustainable Strategies and Action Programs Shih-bin Lin Division Chief Public Works Department, Taipei City Government, Taiwan email: [email protected] 27th September 2019 1 2018, Extremely torrential rain in Japan 2016, Heat wave in India 2017, Extremely torrential rain in Paris Four-year drought in California 2 0823 Extremely Torrential Rainfall 24小時累積雨量：資料更新時間 2018-08-24 15:40 Max. rainfall intensity: 111.5 mm/hr. 831.5 mm/24hrs. 3 (Source: 天氣風險公司) (Source: 單信瑜教授、 天氣職人-吳聖宇、陳郭正處長臉書) Taipei City •Area: 272 km2 (55% mountains /45% plains) •Population: 2.67 million (avg. density 9,800 ppl./km2) Keelung (Da-an dist. 27,000 ppl./km2) River •Average annual rainfall: 2,500 mm/yr. (plains) 4,500 mm/yr. (mountains) Tamsui River Low-lying areas Taiwan Jingmei River Xindian River 4 Taipei Basin Geographic features • Surrounded by mountains • Two rivers aside & two across Keelung Tamsui River River Jingmei Xindian River River 5 Taipei Flooding Prevention System Design Completion Constructed Criteria Rate Embankment 200-year 109 km 83.2% 522 km Drainage 5-year (Gutter 96.7% system 78.8 mm/hr. 1,517km) pumping 87 stations 60 mm/hr. 89.2% station 2,195 cms 6 Municipal Sewage Treatment System Household connection rate 79.07% (No. of Households connected) (883,106) Separate system 2,703.9 km. Bali Treatment Plant Primary treatment 1.32 million CMD Dihua Treatment Plant Secondary treatment 0.5 million CMD Reclaimed Water 10 thousand CMD Neihu Treatment Plant Secondary treatment 0.24 million CMD Reclaimed Water 20 thousand CMD 7 In May 2018, the Taipei station broke the highest temperature38.2℃ since the station was built in 122 years (聯合報2018年5月27日報導) 38°C Heat Island Effect 8 Trend of Climate Change in Taiwan Annual average rainfall: driest/wettest year more and more frequent and intense! 資料來源：經濟部水利署http://epaper.wra.gov.tw/Epaper_Content.aspx?s=5168F47D924D1FCD 9 Precipitation trend in Taiwan for the past 55 years 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1000 A. (2315) 800 600 400 fluctuated but stayed static! 200 0 -200 -400 Precipitation (mm) -600 -800 300 B. (981) 200 100 rain hour shortened! 0 -100 -200 Rainhour (hour) -300 -400 1.2 C. (2.9) 1.0 rapid upward trend! 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 Intensity (mm/hour) -0.4 -0.6 10 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 資料來源：「因應氣候變遷之調適策略」簡報，2010年。 Urban Expansion Grey Infrastructure (Impervious Surface) Source: 2007 USEPA Natural Ground Cover: Losing water conservation 50% infiltration, 10% runoff capacity in city, Water comes and goes very 75%~100% impervious Surface: 15% infiltration, 55% runoff quickly. 11 2015. 6. 14 New type challenges extreme rainfall • Drainage system design criteria: 13:10~20 rainfall coming 78.8 mm/hr. 15:11 began waterlogging 13.1 mm/10mins • Max rainfall：131 mm/hr. 33 mm/10mins Beyond the design criteria: 14:40~50 33 mm/10min water receded within 30 mins 15:33 water depth 24~35 cm Gongguan staion Accumulated rainfall (mm) (14:30~15:30) 15:30~40 5 mm/10min 15:55 water receded 12 Time (min) Challenges: Water Resources Annual Rainfall 2,467mm, 3 times of World Avg. Water available per person only 1/5 of World Avg. Long Term Water Scarcity 13 Source: Taiwan WRA 2015 Challenges: Wetland habitats and Water Front for Residents 14 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1000 A. (2315) 800 600 400 200 0 -200 -400 Precipitation (mm) -600 Impervious Extreme -800 300 B. (981) surface rainfall 200 Heat100 Island Long Term 0 Water Scarcity Effect-100 -200 Rainhour (hour) -300 -400 1.2 New approach is 1.0 C. (2.9) 0.8 Challenges 0.6 needed ! 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 WaterIntensity (mm/hour) -0.4Recreation Water Habitats -0.6 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 15 Wen-je Ko Taipei Mayor Environment, Sustainability, Ecosystem, Next generation… Sponge City 16 Building a Sponge Taipei Keep 吸 Reduce water heat/flood Government Parliament Academia Reuse Smart Taipei 放 Experts water water usage Water Plan 2025 NGO Public- Restore Vibrant water participation river/stream 淨 environment 呼應水利署 Industry 建構不怕淹水的韌性臺灣 PPP 與水共生 風險分擔 海綿臺灣 是努力的目標！ （資料來源：經濟部水利署） 17 Building a Sponge Taipei 3 Visions 6 Goals 13 Strategies 190 Projects Sponge City Sustainable Taipei 18 Resilient and Adaptive City –Restore Urban Water Cycle Around 112,787 m2 permeable sidewalk is constructed until the end of 2018. Except sidewalk, schools, parks, squares, parking lots and other open spaces are also considered. Permeable pavement: lower temperature, prevent standing water from raining. Utility duct: integrate piping and wires include electricity, communication, gas, gaseous body, CATV, street lamp, traffic sign… Original sidewalk Extended bike lane Car lane ≥ 2.0 m ≥ 2.0 m 19 Resilient and Adaptive City –Restore Urban Water Cycle 羅斯福路5、6段 新生南路3段 復興南路(大安高工) Permeable pavement + underground Monitoring and Modeling rainwater storage + strip planting zone 2 透水鋪面衰減效益監測場址(南港經貿園區港後公園旁監測面積10m ) 大安高工前實際監測(面積約1,300m2) Monitoring Monitoring results: results: Peak temp. Peak temp. 2.02~5.86°C 0.6~1.7°C Surface runoff surface runoff 7.3~19.8% ≒40% 20 Sustainable Planning- Green Infrastructure Urban agriculture Green walls Green roofs Suburban street tress City street trees Urban woodlands 21 Sensitive urban design Wetland restoration 2121 Sustainable Planning- Green roofs Reducing urban heat island effect by promoting green roofs, meanwhile increasing ecological diversity to keep buildings in line with ecological, energy conservation, waste reduction, and health indicators. Taipei Green Building Self-governance Green Roof and Green Energy Regulations (Article 5) Community Project The article states that private buildings with green building To accelerate the promotion of green roofs in labels and publicly owned buildings with construction existing buildings, guidance on greenery of value of more than NT$50 million shall have 50% of its roof platforms covered with greenery and shall be equipped site on idle roofs is provided and green roofs rainwater retention and use system and irrigation system and smart building improvements are capable of storing more than 2 tons of water. subsidized. 22 Sustainable Planning- Garden City Garden City 537 Kids gardens 62 Roof gardens 18 Civic farms 95 Happy farms Total area: 188,122 m2 Civil farmers: 163,165 pop. (2019/6/30) 23 The role of private sector ● " On-site rainwater runoff discharge standard for urban land development in Taipei City" issued in 2013. Rainwater runoff discharge of a development site should NOT greater than the its original discharge. Both public and private sector totally 569 projects were accomplished and contributed over 124,000 m3 detention volume. Minimum conservation volume: 0.078 m3/m2 Maximum discharge volume: 0.0000173 cms/m2 24 Resilient and Adaptive City –Increasing Flood-Resisting Capacity Infiltration + ConservationTraditional + Detention Grey Infrastructure + Retention + Evapotranspiration 25 Big Data: 120,000 GIS Data Feedback to Policy Design 26 Before Comprehensive Urban Watershed Management Conservation Zone Detention Zone Flood-proof Zone After Comprehensive Urban Watershed Management 27 28 Wenshan District in Taipei Jingmei pumping station 新 P Area = 462.62 ha. 店 溪 景 P 美 溪 P P P P P Public Drainage system P P capacity only 59.1 mm/hr. P P Flood prone area 29 Wenshan District in Taipei 78.8 mm/hr. (Design criteria) 12 June59.1 2012 mm/hr. Torrential rainfall 14 June 2015 (State of art) Torrential rainfall 14 June 2015 Torrential rainfall 14 June 2015 Torrential rainfall 12 June 2012 Torrential rainfall 30 Wenshan Flood Prevention & Drainage Plan 1 Jingmei pumping station P (46,000 m3) 興旺里 Military police camp 4 flood detention pond Jingmei River 2 Fuxing Road drainage diversion system (9.6 cms) 興業里 興光里 興德里 (6,000m3) 5 Wenshan Sports Center flood detention pond Xinglung Road drainage Flood prone area 31 diversion and expansion 3 Wenshan District and Modeling Manhole and drainage system Pumping stations DEM Taipei City 2015 Height accuracy 63 km2 0.01 m LiDAR DEM 1x1 resolution 63 million grids 32 Wenshan Flood Prevention & Drainage Plan 33 Wenshan District and 2D Modeling • 局部低窪地形的效應 • 人孔溢流 雨水收集效率 • 34 Wenshan Flood Prevention & Drainage Plan Performance Evaluation 5-year design rainfall of 78.8 mm/hr. scenario: 1. Detention ponds reaching over 80% in capacity. 2. Diversion tunnel reaching 90% design conveyance. 35 Smart Rainwater Pumping System 蘭興 磺溪 關渡 大業東 奇岩 Headquarters of pumping stations 87 pumping stations 下八仙 知行 大業 大業二 北憲 新生站總管理中心大樓 418 pumping units 東 華 971 sluice gates 百齡 洲美一 文 福 2,195 cms pumping capacity 洲美二 林 中 洲美 林 芝 洲 山 文 福 士 衛 昌 德 林 勤 Division 6 社 大 Division 3 Shilin-Beitou area 17 stations 子 南 Right side Keelung River 11 stations 劍潭 洲美站管理大樓 迪 大 北安 新民權管理大樓 化 直 建國 港墘 大 中山 環山 龍 濱 陽光 康樂 圓山 新生 江 康寧 長壽 六 錦洲 南湖 Division 4 撫遠 成美 館 民生 民權 新民權 南港 誠正 經貿 Tamshui River 22 stations 忠 新長 長春 成功 大坑左 迪化抽水站 孝 松山 安 玉成 南深左 大坑右 貴 南京 林森 勤力 陽 南深右 福山 雙 Division 1 園 Xinsheng channel 10 stations 古 中山站管理大樓 亭 Division 2 Left side Keelung River 15 stations 景 Division 5 玉成擴建站 美 Jingmei River 12 stations 無名溪抽水站 中港 道 木新 南 碑 實踐 腹 寶 儀 無名溪 老泉里 36 Programmed and synchronizing operation 1. Enhancing operation precision 2. Improving maintenance quality Real-time remote 3. Minimizing manpower requirement control and monitoring 37 Water information and monitoring system 38 Water information and monitoring system Real-time radar image Real-time Real-time CCTV image rainfall hydrograph Image recognition Cross section of river water level 39 Water
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