DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Report 2012: the State of the Drugs Problem in Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Report 2012: the State of the Drugs Problem in Europe TD-AC-12-001-EN-C ISSN 1609-6150 ANNUAL REPORT 2012: THE STATE OF THE THE STATE DRUGSANNUAL PROBLEM REPORT IN 2012: EUROPE About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction; in doing so, it provides its audience with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. The Centre’s publications are a prime source of information for a wide audience including policymakers and their advisers; professionals and researchers working in the field of drugs; and, more broadly, the media and general public. 12 The annual report presents the EMCDDA’s yearly overview of the drug phenomenon in the EU and is an essential reference for those seeking the latest findings on drugs in Europe. 20 THE STATE OF THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN EUROPE REPORT ANNUAL EN HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS Free publications: • via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu); • at the European Union’s representations or delegations. You can obtain their contact details on the Internet (http://ec.europa.eu) or by sending a fax to +352 2929-42758. Priced publications: • via EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu). Priced subscriptions (e.g. annual series of the Official Journal of the European Union and reports of cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union): • via one of the sales agents of the Publications Office of the European Union (http://publications.europa.eu/others/agents/index_en.htm). THE STATE OF THE DRUGS PROBLEM IN EUROPE IN PROBLEM DRUGS OF THE STATE THE ANNUAL REPORT 2012 Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the EMCDDA’s partners, the EU Member States or any institution or agency of the European Union. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the EUROPA server (http://europa.eu). Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. This report is available in Bulgarian, Spanish, Czech, Danish, German, Estonian, Greek, English, French, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Hungarian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Finnish, Swedish and Norwegian. All translations were made by the Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union. Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012 ISBN 978-92-9168-538-7 doi:10.2810/64775 © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2012 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Luxembourg PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER Cais do Sodré, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal Tel. +351 211210200 • Fax +351 218131711 [email protected] • www.emcdda.europa.eu Contents Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 7 Introductory note 9 Commentary: Building on achievements, maintaining momentum and responding to change — the challenge for drug policy in Europe today 13 Chapter 1: Policies and laws EU and international policy developments • National strategies • Public expenditure • National legislation • Research 20 Chapter 2: Responding to drug problems in Europe — an overview Prevention • Treatment • Social reintegration • Harm reduction • Quality standards • Drug law enforcement and offences 28 Chapter 3: Cannabis Supply and availability • Prevalence and patterns of use • Adverse health effects • Treatment 39 Chapter 4: Amphetamines, ecstasy, hallucinogens, GHB and ketamine Supply and availability • Prevalence and patterns of use • Health consequences • Prevention in recreational settings • Treatment 49 Chapter 5: Cocaine and crack cocaine Supply and availability • Prevalence and patterns of use • Health consequences • Problem use • Treatment and harm reduction 60 Chapter 6: Opioid use and drug injection Supply and availability • Problem use • Injecting drug use • Treatment 70 Chapter 7: Drug-related infectious diseases and drug-related deaths Infectious diseases • Responding to infectious diseases • Deaths and mortality • Reducing deaths 79 Chapter 8: New drugs and emerging trends Action on new drugs • Production and supply • Prevalence • Responses 89 References 95 3 Foreword This is the EMCDDA’s 17th annual report on the state of from drug markets and interdiction efforts, to drug use, the drugs problem in Europe, and it is gratifying when demand reduction responses and policy and legal looking back over the years to note how much progress developments. This allows us to provide a holistic analysis has been made in developing a sound understanding which is greater than the sum of its parts. You cannot of the European drug phenomenon. This is not an fully understand supply issues if you do not understand achievement of the EMCDDA alone; credit must also go the drivers of drug demand and vice versa. For example, to the Member States of the European Union, which have to understand the changes that we are seeing in heroin long recognised the value of developing a comprehensive availability in Europe today, we need to take into account picture of Europe’s drug problem. And, while we are very the impact of interdiction efforts that have effectively proud of the work of the EMCDDA staff in producing this targeted major crime organisations. But, critically, we publication, we also have to acknowledge that it is very need to also consider that this has taken place at a time much a collective effort. This report is only made possible when an increase in investment in treatment has removed by the support and hard work of our partners, especially a significant part of the demand from the marketplace. those in the Reitox network, who provide the national data As you will see from our report this year, these are on which the analysis is based. We are also indebted to equally important pieces of information that need to be the many other European and international agencies and considered together in order to achieve a sound overview bodies that support our work. of the developments we are seeing in the European heroin This year’s report comes at an important and difficult situation. time for Europe. Many countries are experiencing We need this breadth of vision if we are to respond to financial and economic problems, and this must form the the complex and dynamic nature of the drug problem backdrop for our reporting. The austerity measures that in Europe today. We are presented with a range of are being adopted bring multiple challenges, and present policymakers with difficult choices as competing priorities challenges, both new and old. They may be linked to call on the public purse. In such times, it is more important advances in information and communication technology, than ever that investments are made wisely, based on the spread of new psychoactive substances, and increased an understanding of the nature of the problem and what availability and use of synthetic drugs. Or they may stem measures are likely to deliver the greatest benefits. The from long-established problems that continue to defy our EMCDDA’s mission is to work with experts from across responses, and cause damage to both individuals and Europe to provide this analysis. You will find here, and in communities. The EMCDDA is committed to providing the accompanying web-based elements, an up-to-date, the evidence base to ensure that the debate on drugs scientifically robust and comprehensive overview of the in Europe remains informed by a comprehensive, contemporary European drugs problem, together with dispassionate and, most importantly, helpful understanding examples of innovative and good practice. of this complex issue. When considering drug issues, there can be a tendency to be reductive, focusing only on individual elements in João Goulão this complex problem, as though they exist in isolation. Chairman, EMCDDA Management Board This is not the approach we adopt here. In our view, the strength of the EMCDDA’s analysis is that it brings Wolfgang Götz together disparate information on topics that range Director, EMCDDA 5 Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their help in producing this report: • the heads of the Reitox national focal points and their staff; • the services and experts within each Member State that collected the raw data for this report; • the members of the Management Board and the Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA; • the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union — in particular its Horizontal Working Party on Drugs — and the European Commission; • the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Europol; • the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the WHO Regional Office for Europe, Interpol, the World Customs Organisation, the European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs (ESPAD) and the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and other Drugs (CAN), the Controlled Substances and Tobacco Directorate of Health Canada, the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; • the Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union and the Publications Office of the European Union. Reitox national focal points Reitox is the European information network on drugs and drug addiction. The network is comprised of national focal points in the EU Member States, Norway, the candidate countries and at the European Commission.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Demographic Transitions in Europe and the World
    Max-Planck-Institut für demografi sche Forschung Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1 · D-18057 Rostock · GERMANY Tel +49 (0) 3 81 20 81 - 0; Fax +49 (0) 3 81 20 81 - 202; http://www.demogr.mpg.de MPIDR WORKING PAPER WP 2014-004 MARCH 2014 Demographic transitions in Europe and the world Frans Willekens ([email protected]) © Copyright is held by the authors. Working papers of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed in working papers are attributable to the authors and do not necessarily refl ect those of the Institute. Demographic transitions in Europe and the world Frans Willekens Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR) Abstract The demographic transition is a universal phenomenon. All regions of the world experience a change from high levels of mortality and fertility to low levels. The onset and pace of the demographic transition vary between regions and countries because of differences in timing of events and conditions that trigger the transition. As a consequence, we observe diverging trends in population growth and ageing around the world. The paper shows that transitions in mortality, fertility and migration have several features in common. Demographic transitions are intertwined with science and technology, the economy, cultural change and social and political processes. The interaction between these processes take place at the level of the individual, not at the population level. The human desire for a long and fulfilling life is the main driver of demographic change. Science and technology provide instruments to control demographic processes but the use of these instruments is conditioned by economic and cultural change.
    [Show full text]
  • (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
    US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist.
    [Show full text]
  • European Survey on Economic
    1 PPACTE, WP2: EUROPEAN SURVEY ON SMOKING Final Report Silvano GALLUS, Alessandra LUGO, Carlo LA VECCHIA Paolo BOFFETTA, Frank J CHALOUPKA, Paolo COLOMBO, Laura CURRIE, Esteve FERNANDEZ, Colin FISCHBACHER, Anna GILMORE, Fiona GODFREY, Luk JOOSSENS, Maria E LEON, David T LEVY, Gunnar ROSENQVIST, Hana ROSS, Joy TOWNSEND, Luke CLANCY Dublin, 31 January 2012 Correspondence to: Silvano Gallus, ScD DePartment of EPidemiology Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Via GiusePPe La Masa 19, 20156 Milano tel: +390239014657 – fax: +390233200231 – e-mail: [email protected] 2 Acknowledgement of funding: The Project ‘Pricing Policies and Control of Tobacco in EuroPe (PPACTE)’ is Partly funded by the EuroPean Commission Seventh Framework Programme Grant Agreement HEALTH-F2-2009-223323. Authors wish to thank Dr Irene Tramacere for her invaluable assistance in the develoPment of the EuroPean Survey Tool. They also exPress their gratitude to Dr Matteo Franchi for research assistance and Mrs Ivana Garimoldi for editorial assistance. Conflict of interest statement The authors of the Present rePort declare that there are no conflicts of interest. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Objective. Inadequate data are available on within-country comParison in EuroPe. Thus, we conducted a survey, with a focus on Pricing Policies to control tobacco. Method. Pricing Policies and Control of Tobacco in EuroPe (PPACTE) is a Project aiming to Provide the most comPrehensive analysis of the effectiveness of tobacco Pricing Policy in EuroPe. Within the PPACTE Project, a face-to-face rePresentative survey on smoking was conducted in 2010 on a samPle of 18,056 ParticiPants (8653 men and 9403 women) from 18 EuroPean countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Centuries of International Migration
    IZA DP No. 7866 Two Centuries of International Migration Joseph P. Ferrie Timothy J. Hatton December 2013 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Two Centuries of International Migration Joseph P. Ferrie Northwestern University Timothy J. Hatton University of Essex, Australian National University and IZA Discussion Paper No. 7866 December 2013 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Compositions and Methods for Selective Delivery of Oligonucleotide Molecules to Specific Neuron Types
    (19) TZZ ¥Z_T (11) EP 2 380 595 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 26.10.2011 Bulletin 2011/43 A61K 47/48 (2006.01) C12N 15/11 (2006.01) A61P 25/00 (2006.01) A61K 49/00 (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 10382087.4 A61K 51/00 (22) Date of filing: 19.04.2010 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Alvarado Urbina, Gabriel AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Nepean Ontario K2G 4Z1 (CA) HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL • Bortolozzi Biassoni, Analia Alejandra PT RO SE SI SK SM TR E-08036, Barcelona (ES) Designated Extension States: • Artigas Perez, Francesc AL BA ME RS E-08036, Barcelona (ES) • Vila Bover, Miquel (71) Applicant: Nlife Therapeutics S.L. 15006 La Coruna (ES) E-08035, Barcelona (ES) (72) Inventors: (74) Representative: ABG Patentes, S.L. • Montefeltro, Andrés Pablo Avenida de Burgos 16D E-08014, Barcelon (ES) Edificio Euromor 28036 Madrid (ES) (54) Compositions and methods for selective delivery of oligonucleotide molecules to specific neuron types (57) The invention provides a conjugate comprising nucleuc acid toi cell of interests and thus, for the treat- (i) a nucleic acid which is complementary to a target nu- ment of diseases which require a down-regulation of the cleic acid sequence and which expression prevents or protein encoded by the target nucleic acid as well as for reduces expression of the target nucleic acid and (ii) a the delivery of contrast agents to the cells for diagnostic selectivity agent which is capable of binding with high purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Controlled Substances Act
    HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE TITLE 6. FOOD, DRUGS, ALCOHOL, AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUBTITLE C. SUBSTANCE ABUSE REGULATION AND CRIMES CHAPTER 481. TEXAS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec.A481.001.AASHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as the Texas Controlled Substances Act. Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Sec.A481.002.AADEFINITIONS. In this chapter: (1)AA"Administer" means to directly apply a controlled substance by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or other means to the body of a patient or research subject by: (A)AAa practitioner or an agent of the practitioner in the presence of the practitioner; or (B)AAthe patient or research subject at the direction and in the presence of a practitioner. (2)AA"Agent" means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the direction of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser. The term does not include a common or contract carrier, public warehouseman, or employee of a carrier or warehouseman acting in the usual and lawful course of employment. (3)AA"Commissioner" means the commissioner of state health services or the commissioner 's designee. (4)AA"Controlled premises" means: (A)AAa place where original or other records or documents required under this chapter are kept or are required to be kept; or (B)AAa place, including a factory, warehouse, other establishment, or conveyance, where a person registered under this chapter may lawfully hold, manufacture, distribute, dispense, administer, possess, or otherwise dispose of a controlled substance or other item governed by the federal Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Central and Eastern Europe Statistics 2010
    Central and Eastern Europe Statistics 2010 An EVCA Special Paper Edited by the EVCA Central and Eastern Europe Task Force July 2011 Our partner: Gide Loyrette Nouel Warsaw Office EVCA The European Private Equity & Venture Capital Association EVCA is the voice of European private equity and venture capital. We promote the interests of our more than 1,200 members, to ensure they can conduct their business effectively. EVCA engages policymakers and promotes the industry among key stakeholders, including institutional investors, entrepreneurs and employee representatives. EVCA develops professional standards, research reports and holds professional training and networking events. EVCA covers the whole range of private equity, from early-stage venture capital to the largest buyouts. EVCA Central and Eastern Europe Task Force Since 2003, the EVCA Central and Eastern Europe Task Force has undertaken initiatives specifically aimed at the development and promotion of private equity and venture capital in the region of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Among its accomplishments, the Task Force published Central and Eastern Europe Success Stories in October 2004, and special papers dedicated to annual statistics for 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The Task Force also seeks to develop CEE topics of interest in other EVCA publications and conferences. Information about the members of the Task Force may be found at www.evca.eu. PEREP_Analytics PEREP_Analytics™ is a centralised, non-commercial pan-European private equity database. Currently it is the joint statistical platform of EVCA and 19 national and regional private equity and venture capital associations across Europe, of which seven are from the CEE region: CVCA (Croatia), CVCA (the Czech Republic), EstVCA (Estonia), HVCA (Hungary), LTVCA (Lithuania), PPEA (Poland), SEEPEA (South Eastern Europe) and SLOVCA (Slovakia).
    [Show full text]
  • ATLAS of MIGRATION Facts and Figures About People on the Move
    ATLAS OF MIGRATION Facts and figures about people on the move ESCAPE, WORK, FUTURE IMPRINT The ATLAS OF MIGRATION is published by the Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung, Berlin, Germany Chief executive editors: Johanna Bussemer, Dorit Riethmüller Editors: Christian Jakob (coordination), Stefanie Kron, Wenke Christoph Managing editor: Dietmar Bartz Art Director: Ellen Stockmar English Editor: Paul Mundy Proofreader: Maria Lanman Fact checking: Infotext Berlin Contributors: Friedrich Burschel, Wenke Christoph, Johanna Elle, Sabine Hess, Christian Jakob, Bernd Kasparek, Stefanie Kron, Laura Lambert, Ramona Lenz, Carlos Lopes, Sowmya Maheswaran, Johanna Neuhauser, Mario Neumann, Jochen Oltmer, Maria Oshana, Massimo Perinelli, Maximilian Pichl, Matthias Schmidt-Sembdner, Helen Schwenken, Maurice Stierl, Christian Stock, and a team of authors. Cover image: Ellen Stockmar The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publishing organization. Editorial responsibility (V. i. S. d. P.): Alrun Kaune-Nüßlein, Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Second English edition, October 2019 Produced by Bonifatius GmbH Druck – Buch – Verlag, Paderborn Climate-neutral printing on 100 percent recycled paper. This material (except the cover picture) is licensed under Creative Commons “Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported“ (CC BY-SA 4.0). For the licence agreement, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode, and a summary (not a substitute) at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Individual graphics from this atlas may be reproduced if the attribution ”Bartz/Stockmar, CC BY 4.0“ is placed next to the graphic (in case of modification: ”Bartz/Stockmar (M), CC BY 4.0“). ATLAS DER MIGRATION Daten und Fakten über Menschen in Bewegung FOR FREE DELIVERIES AND DOWNLOADS: Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung, Franz-Mehring-Platz 1, 10243 Berlin, Germany www.rosalux.de/atlasofmigration FLUCHT, ARBEIT, The ATLAS OF MIGRATION is also published as ATLAS DER MIGRATION in German.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances Joshua Zolton Seither [email protected]
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 4-25-2018 Application of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances Joshua Zolton Seither [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC006565 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Seither, Joshua Zolton, "Application of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances" (2018). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3823. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3823 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida APPLICATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE SCREENING AND CONFIRMATION OF NOVEL PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in CHEMISTRY by Joshua Zolton Seither 2018 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences and Education This dissertation, written by Joshua Zolton Seither, and entitled Application of High- Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Piero Gardinali _______________________________________ Bruce McCord _______________________________________ DeEtta Mills _______________________________________ Stanislaw Wnuk _______________________________________ Anthony DeCaprio, Major Professor Date of Defense: April 25, 2018 The dissertation of Joshua Zolton Seither is approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Society Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe, 2019
    Correlation Correlation European DATA REPORT Eropean Harm Reduction R C Network C Network CIVIL SOCIETY MONITORING OF HARM REDUCTION IN EUROPE, 2019 DATA REPORT 1 CIVIL SOCIETY MONITORING OF HARM REDUCTION IN EUROPE, 2019 ® Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network, 2019. This publication of Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network is protected by copyright. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Recommended citation: Tammi, T., Rigoni, R., Matičič, M., Schäffer, D., van der Gouwe, D., Schiffer, K., Perez Gayo, R., Schatz, E. (2020): Civil Society Monitoring of Harm Reduction in Europe, 2019. Data Report. Correlation European Harm Reduction Network, Amsterdam. Correlation – European Harm Reduction Network c/o Foundation De REGENBOOG GROEP Droogbak 1d 1013 GE Amsterdam The Netherlands www.correlation-net.org This project has been supported by the European Commission. Correlation - European Harm Reduction Network is co-funded by the European Union 2 Correlation European DATA REPORT Harm Reduction C Network CIVIL SOCIETY MONITORING OF HARM REDUCTION IN EUROPE, 2019 DATA REPORT 3 CIVIL SOCIETY MONITORING OF HARM REDUCTION IN EUROPE, 2019 CONTRIBUTORS Editor: The data network: Graham Shaw Albania: Genci Mucollari, Aksion Plus Austria: Alexandra Karden & Barbara Siokola, Scientific expert group: Suchthilfe Wien Tuukka Tammi (THL), Dagmar Hedrich (EMCDDA), Belgium: Peter Blanckaert & Tessa Windelinckx, Sam Shirley-Beavan (HRI), Perrine Roux (INSERM). Free Clinic Bosnia and Herzegovina: Samir Ibisevic, PROI
    [Show full text]
  • Model Scheduling New/Novel Psychoactive Substances Act (Third Edition)
    Model Scheduling New/Novel Psychoactive Substances Act (Third Edition) July 1, 2019. This project was supported by Grant No. G1799ONDCP03A, awarded by the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Office of National Drug Control Policy or the United States Government. © 2019 NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MODEL STATE DRUG LAWS. This document may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes with full attribution to the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws. Please contact NAMSDL at [email protected] or (703) 229-4954 with any questions about the Model Language. This document is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or opinion. Headquarters Office: NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MODEL STATE DRUG 1 LAWS, 1335 North Front Street, First Floor, Harrisburg, PA, 17102-2629. Model Scheduling New/Novel Psychoactive Substances Act (Third Edition)1 Table of Contents 3 Policy Statement and Background 5 Highlights 6 Section I – Short Title 6 Section II – Purpose 6 Section III – Synthetic Cannabinoids 13 Section IV – Substituted Cathinones 19 Section V – Substituted Phenethylamines 23 Section VI – N-benzyl Phenethylamine Compounds 25 Section VII – Substituted Tryptamines 28 Section VIII – Substituted Phenylcyclohexylamines 30 Section IX – Fentanyl Derivatives 39 Section X – Unclassified NPS 43 Appendix 1 Second edition published in September 2018; first edition published in 2014. Content in red bold first added in third edition. © 2019 NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MODEL STATE DRUG LAWS. This document may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes with full attribution to the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws.
    [Show full text]
  • Idpc Drug Policy Guide 3Rd Edition
    IDPC DRUG POLICY GUIDE 3RD EDITION IDPC Drug Policy Guide 3 IDPC DRUG POLICY GUIDE 3RD EDITION Acknowledgements Global Drug Policy Observatory) • Dave Borden (StoptheDrugWar.org) IDPC would like to thank the following authors for drafting chapters of the 3rd Edition of the • Eric Gutierrez (Christian Aid) IDPC Drug Policy Guide: • Fabienne Hariga (United Nations Office on • Andrea Huber (Policy Director, Penal Reform Drugs and Crime) International) • George McBride (Beckley Foundation) • Benoit Gomis (Independent international • Gloria Lai (IDPC) security analyst, Associate Fellow at Chatham House, and Research Associate at Simon Fraser • Graham Bartlett (former Chief Superintendent University) of the Sussex Police) • Christopher Hallam (Research Officer, IDPC) • Gregor Burkhart (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction) • Coletta Youngers (Consultant, IDPC & Washington Office on Latin America) • Ines Gimenez • Diana Guzmán (Associate investigator, • Jamie Bridge (IDPC) DeJusticia, Associate Professor at Colombian • Javier Sagredo (United Nations Development National University and PhD candidate at Program) Stanford University) • Jean-Felix Savary (Groupement Romand • Diederik Lohman (Associate Director, Health d’Etudes en Addictologie) and Human Rights Division, Human Rights • Juan Fernandez Ochoa (IDPC) Watch) • Katherine Pettus (International Association for • Gloria Lai (Senior Policy Officer, IDPC) Hospice and Palliative Care) • Jamie Bridge (Senior Policy and Operations Manager, IDPC) • Luciana Pol (Centro de Estudios
    [Show full text]