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Editorial on Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Vinay Kille Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
EDITORIAL Hydrogen bonded dimers and aggregates are not conceivable since the last nine entries in the preceding table cannot operate Dehydrohalogenation The presence of an electronegative as hydrogen bond donors. Due to the high polarity of these heteroatom – commonly oxygen, nitrogen, or sulphur – linked functionalities, equivalent 3o-amides and nitriles have relatively directly to the carbonyl carbon distinguishes carboxylic acid high boiling temperatures. Indeed, if hydrogen bonding is absent, derivatives from aldehydes and ketones. A carboxylic acid derivative the boiling temperatures of similar-sized molecules are rather can be thought of as having two sides. strongly correlated. Alkyl and/or aryl groups are attached to hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, Three examples of acyl groups with distinct names have already and halo substituents, respectively, in the significant category of been mentioned. These are frequently used in compound names. organic compounds known as alcohols, phenols, ethers, amines, The IUPAC designations are color-coded in the instances below, and halides. When these functional groups are joined to an acyl and common names are supplied in parenthesis. group (RCO–), their characteristics are significantly altered, and they are referred to as carboxylic acid derivatives. This is arguably the most important carboxylic acid derivative process. The following equation describes the total transformation, Carboxylic acids have a hydroxyl group attached to an acyl group, which can be characterized as either nucleophilic substitution at and their functional variants are made by substituents such as halo, an acyl group or acylation of a nucleophile. For some nucleophilic alkoxyl, amino, and acyloxy replacing the hydroxyl group. Earlier, reagents, the reaction may be referred to by a different name. When several examples of functional derivatives were shown. Nuc–H is water, the reaction is known as hydrolysis; when Nuc–H The boiling points of several typical derivatives are listed in the is an alcohol, the reaction is known as alcoholysis; and when table below. For comparison, an aldehyde and ketone of equivalent Nuc–H is ammonia or amines, the reaction is known as aminolysis. molecular weight are also included. The boiling points are given As shown in the qualitatively sorted list below, different carboxylic in torr (atmospheric pressure) and are stated as a range based on acid derivatives have extremely diverse reactivities, with acyl values found at lower pressures. chlorides and bromides being the most reactive and amides being Because of substantial hydrogen linked dimerization, carboxylic the least reactive. The difference in reactivity is striking. The reaction acids have a relatively high boiling point. The first three compounds of acyl chlorides with water happens swiftly in homogenous solvent in the table demonstrate hydrogen bonding between molecules of systems and does not require heating or catalysts. Amides, on the 1-O and 2-O-amides (amides with at least one N–H bond). other hand, only react with water when powerful acid or basic catalysts are present, as well as external heating.
Correspondence to: Vinay Kille, Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 12, 2021, Accepted: May 19, 2021, Published: May 26, 2021 Citation: Vinay K (2021) Editorial on Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives. Organic Chem Curr Res. 10: 224. Copyright: © 2021 Vinay K. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Organic Chem Curr Res, Vol. 10 Iss. 5 No: 224 1