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Oyacachi : La Gente Y La Biodiversidad

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Oyacachi – La gente y la biodiversidad Centro para la Investigacíon de la Diversidad Cultural y Biológica de los Bosques Pluviales Andinos (DIVA), Dinamarca y Ediciones Abya Yala, Quito, Ecuador. 2000 Oyacachi – La gente y la biodiversidad Hoja de datos Título: Oyacachi – La gente y la biodiversidad Por favor citar así: DIVA 2000. Oyacachi – La gente y la biodiversidad. Centro para la Inves- tigación de la Diversidad Cultural y Biológica de los Bosques Pluviales Andinos (DIVA), Di- namarca y Ediciones Abya Yala, Ecuador. 1ra edición en español. Obra original: DIVA 1997. Oyacachi – people and biodiversity. Centre for Research on the Cultural and Bio- logical Diversity of Andean Rainforests (DIVA). DIVA, Technical Report 2 (ISBN 87-986068-1-1). 120 pp. Autores (orden alfabético): Selene Baéz, Jon Fjeldså, Niels Krabbe, Pablo Morales Males, Hugo Navarrete, Richard Resl, Inge Schjellerup, Flemming Skov, Bertil Ståhl y Benjamin Øllgaard. Publicado por: Centro para la Investigación de la Diversidad Cultural y Biológica de los Bosques Pluviales Andinos (DIVA), Dinamarca y Ediciones Abya Yala, Quito, Ecuador. Año de publicación: 2000. Editor técnico y científico: Henrik Borgtoft Pedersen, Reco consult. Traducción: Elvira Balslev, Kalikos. Diagramación: Birgitte Bergmann, Reco consult. Figuras y mapas: Birgitte Bergmann, Jon Fjeldså, Richard Resl y Flemming Skov. Fotos: Henrik Borgtoft Pedersen, Pablo Morales Males, Inge Schjellerup Flemming Skov y Benjamin Øllgaard. Reproducción permitida solamente mencionando la obra original. Edición terminada: Octubre de 1999. Número de páginas: 142 Distribuidor: Ediciones Abya Yala, Av. 12 de Octubre 14–30 y Wilson, Quito, Ecua- dor. [email protected] 4 Oyacachi – La gente y la biodiversidad Contents Prefacio .............................................................................................8 Precentatión de DIVA .....................................................................9 Resumen .........................................................................................10 Agradecimientos ........................................................................... 11 1. Ambiente físico ..........................13 Geografía ........................................................................................13 Topografía ......................................................................................14 Clima, zonas de vida, y geología ................................................14 2. Vegetación ..................................16 Bosques naturales o seminaturales ............................................16 Tipos de vegetación abiertos, naturales o seminaturales ........24 Tipos de vegetación hechos por el hombre ...............................25 3. La gente y su cultura .................28 Metodología ...................................................................................28 Antecedentes históricos ...............................................................28 Arqueología ...................................................................................30 Religión y mitos ............................................................................32 Historia ...........................................................................................32 La población ................................................................................. 34 Infrastructura ............................................................................... 35 Plano del pueblo y patrón de desarrollo ...................................35 Caminos y transporte ...................................................................36 Acceso al mercado ........................................................................37 Electricidad y agua .......................................................................38 Comunicación................................................................................38 Educación .......................................................................................38 Salud y nutrición ..........................................................................38 Relaciones politico administrativas ....................................... 39 Organizaciones e instituciones ...................................................39 Actividades socioeconómicas .....................................................40 Comercio ........................................................................................42 Agricultura contemporánea ..................................................... 42 Estrategias agrícolas .....................................................................42 Tecnología y herramientas ...........................................................44 Percepción de uso de tierra .........................................................45 Clasificación de las capacidades de las tierras .........................45 Tenencia de la tierra y tamaño de chacras .................................47 Los cultivos y su distribución vertical .......................................49 El ciclo agrícola .............................................................................49 5 Oyacachi – La gente y la biodiversidad Plagas ..............................................................................................51 Productividad ................................................................................51 Cría de animales ......................................................................... 52 Estrategia productiva ...................................................................53 Producción y comercio .................................................................54 Uso de los recursos del bosque .............................................. 55 Productos maderables .................................................................55 Productos forestales no maderables ...........................................60 4. Biodiversidad ..............................66 Inventarios de plantas ..................................................................66 Las aves como indicadores de la biodiversidad .......................67 Inventario botánico .................................................................... 70 Áreas de estudio y métodos ........................................................70 Integración de los grupos de especialistas ................................73 Riqueza de especies de pteridofitas en los valles de los ríos Oyacachi, Quijos y Alto Aguarico ............................... 74 Número de especies a niveles altitudinales ..............................74 Número de especies en bosques maduros comparado con el número de especies en bosques secundarios y perturbados ...............................................................................75 Diversidad de Aves ..................................................................... 80 El área de estudio .........................................................................80 Resultados ......................................................................................81 Discusión ........................................................................................84 Conclusiones..................................................................................85 Efecto de la perturbación del bosque sobre las ...................... comunidades de aves ............................................................. 86 Métodos ..........................................................................................87 Resultados ......................................................................................88 Discusión ........................................................................................93 5. Análisis de escenarios ................95 Métodos ..........................................................................................95 Factores ...........................................................................................96 Peso de los factores .......................................................................96 Restricciones ..................................................................................96 Reglas de decisión.........................................................................96 Resultados ......................................................................................96 Discusión ........................................................................................98 Ecoturismo ................................................................................. 102 Observación de aves ...................................................................103 Ecoturismo en Oyacachi ............................................................104 6 Oyacachi – La gente y la biodiversidad La cacería y el ecoturismo..........................................................106 Pteridofitas ...................................................................................107 Apéndice 1. Plantas vasculares de Oyacachi ............................................. 107 Pteridofitas ...................................................................................107 Angiospermas ............................................................................. 112 Exploraciones botánicas anteriores en el Valle de Oyacachi 117 Apéndice 2. Descripción de los sitios de los transectos ........................ 118 Apéndice 3. Aves de Oyacachi ..................................................................... 126 Apéndice 4. Plantas usadas por la comunidad de Oyacach ..................
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  • ECUADOR: the Andes Introtour and High Andes Extension 10Th- 19Th November 2019

    ECUADOR: the Andes Introtour and High Andes Extension 10Th- 19Th November 2019

    Tropical Birding - Trip Report Ecuador: The Andes Introtour, November 2019 A Tropical Birding SET DEPARTURE tour ECUADOR: The Andes Introtour and High Andes Extension th th 10 - 19 November 2019 TOUR LEADER: Jose Illanes Report and photos by Jose Illanes Andean Condor from Antisana National Park This is one Tropical Birding’s most popular tours and I have guided it numerous times. It’s always fun and offers so many memorable birds. Ecuador is a wonderful country to visit with beautiful landscapes, rich culture, and many friendly people that you will meet along the way. Some of the highlights picked by the group were Andean Condor, White-throated Screech-Owl, Giant Antpitta, Jameson’s Snipe, Giant Hummingbird, Black-tipped Cotinga, Sword-billed Hummingbird, Club-winged Manakin, Lyre-tailed Nightjar, Lanceolated Monklet, Flame-faced Tanager, Toucan Barbet, Violet-tailed Sylph, Undulated Antpitta, Andean Gull, Blue-black Grassquit, and the attractive Blue-winged Mountain-Tanager. Our total species count on the trip (including the extension) was around 368 seen and 31 heard only. www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] p.1 Tropical Birding - Trip Report Ecuador: The Andes Introtour, November 2019 Torrent Duck at Guango Lodge on the extension November 11: After having arrived in Quito the night before, we had our first birding this morning in the Yanacocha Reserve owned by the Jocotoco Foundation, which is not that far from Ecuador’s capital. Our first stop was along the entrance road near a water pumping station, where we started out by seeing Streak- throated Bush-Tyrant, Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant, Cinereous Conebill, White-throated Tyrannulet, a very responsive Superciliaried Hemispingus, Black-crested Warbler, and the striking Crimson-mantled Woodpecker.