Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48136-6 — A History of the Talmud David C. Kraemer Index More Information
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Abbasid Caliphate, Ashkenazic Jewry Abraham Joshua Heschel School, and Christian scholarship, Abulafia, authority academies rabbinic, Babylonian, –, See also yeshivah, in of Talmud, Babylonia Avodah Zarah (tractate geonic. See academies, Babylonian Bavli a, Acts, Book of, Avot (tractate), , al-Andalus. See Spain Azariah de Rossi, Albeck, Hanokh, , Alexander, , Ba’al Shem Tov, – Alfasi, –, Baba Batra (tractate) Alma, Bavli b, Tosafot on, – amora Bavli b-a, – definition, Baba Metzia (tractate) Amoraic period, Bavli b-b, – Amoraic tradition Mishnah :, development of, Baba Metziah (tractate) amoraim Mishnah :, and argumentation, – Mishnah :, authority of, , Baba Qamma (tractate) description of, – Bavli a, – early activity, – Babylonia and reasoning, as biblical Jewish homeland, textual criticism of Mishnah, Jews and neighbors in, Anan ben David, Jews in, ancestral law, Jewish, , persecution of Jews in, Antiochus Epiphanes, , rabbinic immigration to, Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus), Babylonian exile, – Apocrypha, , –, , Babylonian rabbinic authority, decline of, Aqiba, Rabbi, – Aramaic Babylonian Talmud. See Bavli as Babylonian tongue, Baghdad, , –, , Arba’ah Turim, Bar Kokhba, , argumentation baraita in the Bavli. See Bavli, and argumentation definition, Artscroll (Schottenstein) Talmud, Baruch, II, , – Bavli. See also Talmud Ashi (Rav), aggadah in, – Ashkenaz, as anthology,
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as anticode, Chorin, Aaron, and argumentation, , –, , Christian emperors, argumentation in, Christian Hebraists, , ascendency of, Christian population in Palestine, authority of, Christian writings, early, avoidance of conclusions in, , , Christianity “Babylonian-ness” of, in Babylonia, closure of, conversion to, commentaries on, doctrine of “true Israel”, contrasted with Yerushalmi, – in Jewish opinion, difficulty of, – in rabbinic literature, elitism of, –, – rise of, , –, , halakha in, and the Talmud, –, as halakhic code, Christians as Mishnah commentary, and the Talmud orality of, in modernity, –, – and process, – Cohen, Shaye, , reason in, commentaries rhetoric of, Talmudic, see Talmud, commentaries on and reason, –, Conservative Judaism and Talmud study, and scripture, – Constantine, , as a symbol of diaspora, Coursera, , and tradition, – as transcript of deliberations in academy, daf yomi, , – and truth, – Daniel, Book of, textual criticism in, Dead Sea Scrolls, , , – textual history of demons controversies, – in the Bavli, theology of, Diocletian, unattributed voice, –, Diqdukei Soferim, beit midrash (traditional study hall), disciple circles, , , Ben Sira, Book of, , in Babylonia, Bibles, polyglot, disputations on Talmud, – biblical Judaism, Dolgopolski, Sergey, , Bomberg Talmud, Donin, Nicholas, Bomberg, Daniel, Dreifuss, Rabbi Yair, Bonayich (Talmud curriculum), Boyarin, Daniel, eating laws, Jewish, on Talmudic argumentation, – Ecclesiastes. See Kohelet Brettler, Marc, Edict of Milan, Brody, Robert, – Eduyot (tractate), burial, Jewish, , Mishnah :-, – Eisenstein, Elizabeth, Calderon, Ruth, Elijah of Vilna, , , , – Campanton, Isaac, as defender of Talmud, canonization Elimelekh of Lezhansk, of Tanakh, emancipation of Jews, Caro, Joseph, En Yaaqov, , censorship Enlightenment, the, ; see also haskalah in the sixteenth century, Epiphanius, censorship of Talmud. See Talmud, Epistles, of Paul, censorship of Eruvin (tractate) Chabad (Lubavitch), Bavli a, and online Talmud study, Bavli b, Chiarini, Luigi, – Mishnah, relationship to scripture,
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Esau Halivni, David, , , , , representing Rome, on reception of Mishnah, exilarch, , Hananel, Rabbenu, the rabbis and, Hasidism, , –, , Ezra, proliferation of, Ezra, Book of, as a reform movement, Ezra, IV, – and Talmud, – haskalah, –, , Fisch, Menachem, – Hasmonean kingdom, Fishman, David, Hauptman, Judith, Fishman, Talya, –, , Hayyim of Volozhin, , , – critique of, – Hebrew, Frankel, Zechariah biblical, , on the Yerushalmi, Mishnaic, Frankfurt Reformfreunde, Hebrew University, French Revolution, Heine, Heinrich, Friedberg Jewish Manuscript Society, Helena (mother of Constantine), Friedman, Shamma, Hellenistic Fustat, cultural influence, – Hellenistic kingdoms, Galilee, Hellenization, , , , “gap year” in Israel, Heller, Marvin, Geiger, Abraham, Herod (king), gemara Herodian kings, , definition, Hillel, , , as replacement for “Talmud,” histories, biblical, Genizah, Cairo, , Holdheim, Samuel, geonim, holidays, Jewish, commentaries on Bavli, Hullin (tractate) Gittin (tractate) Bavli b-a, Tosafot on, – Bavli b, – Bavli b, Bavli b-a, Mishnah, Bavli a-b, Goitein, S.D., Ibn Daud, on literacy, Ibn Habib, Jacob, Goodblatt, David, Ilan, Tal, Gospels, the, impurity, ritual, Gray, Alyssa, Innocent IV, Pope, Greek, , , innovation, rabbinic, in the Mishnah, Islamic conquest, Gregory IX, Pope, Islamicate Jewry Grossman, Avraham and Arabic, on decline of Babylonian academies, Israel, land of, Isserles, Moses, Gutenberg, Johannes, Jacob ben Asher, Hadrian, Jaffee, Martin, – Hagigah (tractate) on Bavli, Mishnah :, Jerome, Hai Gaon, , Jerusalem (by Moses Mendelssohn), – halakhah, Jerusalem Talmud. See Yerushalmi and aggadah, Jesus, books of, in the Talmud, definition, Jewish day schools, Orthodox, halakhic digests, Jewish population, in the Galilee,
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Jewish Theological Seminary, , , Luke, gospel of, Luria, Isaac, library of, Jewish War (Josephus), Ma’ale Gilboa (yeshiva), John XXII, Pope, Maccabean revolt, Joseph Caro, Maccabees, Joseph ibn Habiba, Rabbi, books of, Joseph ibn Migash, Maccabees, I, Josephus, , –, Maccabees, II, Jost, Isaak Markus, magic Jubilees, Book of, – in the Bavli, Judah Halevi, magic bowls, , Judah the Patriarch, Rabbi, –, , , , Maharal of Prague, , Mahoza, , authority of, – Maimon, Solomon, Judges, Book of, Maimonides, , , , Julian (emperor), –, – on Talmud study, Julius III, Pope, Mark, Book of, Matthew, Book of, – kabbalah, Mendelssohn, Moses, –, kabbalists messiah, hope for, resistance to Talmud, – methodological difficulties, Kalmin, Richard, midreshei halakha, Kant, Immanuel, Mishnah Karaites authority of, – emergence of, – canonization of, , See also Mishnah, and the Talmud, reception of Karnarfogel, Ephraim on Talmud study, casuistic quality of, commentary on, Kashrut. See eating laws, Jewish as commentary on Torah, Ketubbot (tractate) as innovative, , Bavli b, interpretation of, Bavli b-a, language of, Khusro I (Persian king), Latin translation of, kings, Jewish, as law code, , , – Kodashim (order) as legal primer, study of, as “messianic” vision, – Kohelet, number of tractates, Krochmal, Nachman, omitted topics of, orality of, Landes, Yitz, orders of, , See also orders of the Mishnah Lapin, Hayim, , , , as philosophical treatise, – Lappe, Rabbi Benay, priestly focus of, law publication of, civil, as rabbinic curriculum, Greco-Roman, reception of, , – Jewish, , See also halakha relationship to scripture, – Leviticus Rabbah rhetoric of, –, , , , as scientific compilation, Lieberman Institute, , scripturalization of, , Lieberman, Saul, , textual criticism of, Lightfoot, John, traditionalism of, Lightstone, Jack, mitnagdim, literacy, Moskovitz, Leib, Geonic period, – on Yerushalmi, –
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Muhammad, pilgrimage, Christian, Muslim authorities pilpul, – and the Jews, Pirqoy ben Baboy, Muslim conquest, , , Poland Jewish autonomy in, Nachman of Bratslav, printing of Talmud in, Nachmanides, , Talmud study in, Naeh, Shlomo, Polonsky, Antony, Nathan of Gaza, Pressner, Solomon, National Library of Israel, , priestly suthority, Nehemiah, Book of, printed books, proliferation of, Neusner, Jacob, –, printing on Mishnah, , , – modern improvements in, on relationship of Mishnah to scripture, printing press –, and diminution of local authority, on the Yerushalmi, –, , , – and fixity of texts, New Testament, , – impact of, – Noshirwan. See Khusro I invention of, and page design, Oral Torah, , and scholarly innovation, as focus of covenant, procurators, Roman, orality, , , See also Oral Torah, Profet Duran, of rabbinic tradition, pseudepigrapha, , , Roman, purity, Jewish concern for, of Talmud study, orders of the Mishnah, Qairwan, Origen, , Qumran library. See Dead Sea Scrolls Orthodoxy American, rabbi Pablo Christiani, meaning of, Palestine use of title, cities of, rabbinic movement in the fourth century, birth of, – in fourth-sixth centuries, growth in Babylonia, – population of, rabbinic stories. See Bavli: aggadah in as Roman province, , rabbis in the third century, – authority of, , – Palestinian Talmud. See Yerushalmi before the destruction, Pardes Institute, and exilarch, Patriarch, the, –, growth of influence, – abolition of, , insignificance of, patriarchate, the, as leaders, Persia, , and non-rabbinic Jews, Sassanian, number of, Persian, and synagogues, religion, influence on Judaism, as Torah experts, Pesachim (tractate) rabbis and truth, Bavli b, Ramaz School, Bavli b, Rashi, –, , –, , , , Bavli a-b, , Yerushalmi : (a), on Talmud, Yerushalmi : (b-c), – Rav (amora), Pharisees, , , Ravina, Philo, Realcleardaf,
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reason, as human, Shmuel HaNagid, – Reform, Shulchan Arukh, , , American Sinai and Talmud study, revelation at, and the Talmud, – Solomon Schechter schools, Rehov synagogue, , Soloveichik, Hayim, Resh Laqish, Soncino Press, , Revelation, Book of, Spain, revolt, Jewish, Muslim, – ritual baths, Spinoza, Roman stam. See Bavli: unattributed voice cultural influence, , Steinsaltz, Adin, –, , domination of Palestine, Stern, Eliyahu, policy in Palestine, Surenhusius, Willem, writers, Sussman, Yaakov Romm publishers. See Vilna Shas on “Oral Torah,” – Rosenberg, Rabbi Shimon Gershon, SVARA, – synagogue, the, Rosensweig, Michael, synagogues, Rosh Yeshiva, Palestinian, Rubenstein, Jeffrey, Rustow, Marina Talmud on “triumph” of Bavli, anthologies of, authority of, Saadiah Gaon, –, burning of, , –, Sabbateanism, censorship of, –, – sacrifices, commentaries on, , –, sacrificial cult, feminist, Sadducees, difficulty of, Safrai, Zeev, fixing of text, Samson of Sens, and gender studies, Samuel (rabbi), , geonic canonization of, Sanhedrin (tractate) as halakhic source, – Bavli a, and the Holocaust, – Sassanian empire, ; see also Persia, on Jesus, Sassanian and Jewish gender roles, Schottenstein. See Artscroll (Schottenstein) manuscripts of, Talmud meaning of, Schwartz, Seth, , , , , modern methods of study, Secunda, Shai, , Sefaria.org, modern printings of, – Selden, John, orality of, Seleucid kingdom, printing of Sepphoris, , , history, Shabbat (tractate) publication of, Bavli a, study of Mishnah :, contemporary, Mishnah, relationship to scripture, translations of, , , – Yerushalmi : (b-c), – English, Shabbatai Zevi, German, Shammai, , Hebrew, Shanks Alexander, Elizabeth, , – trial of, Shapiro, Meir (Rabbi), Talmud blog, The, Sherira Gaon, Rav, , , Talmud manuscripts Shimon ben Kosiba. See Bar Kokhba digitization of,
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Talmud study destruction of, , , , , – in Ashkenaz, – in the Bavli, Brisker method, Temple Scroll, the, and Conservative Judaism. See Conservative textual criticism Judaism and Talmud study in the Bavli, and digital humanities, Tiberias, eliteness of, , Torah, for its own sake, as Persian/Babylonian product, growth of, Torah, oral, –, see Oral Torah and halakha, Tosafot, , among haredim, as extension of Talmud, and the Holocaust, on Talmud. See Talmudic commentary: in Jewish day schools, – Tosafot Maimonides on, unity of Talmud in, modern methods of, – Tosefta, and modern technology. See technology and definition of, the Talmud relationship to Mishnah, – in Muslim world, traditions, oral. See orality and neglect of scripture, traditions, unwritten, in sefardic culture, translation source criticism, of the Bible, Talmud Torah, of the Talmud. See Talmud, translations of Talmud, centrality of truth in Geonic academies, inaccessibility of, , See also Bavli: Talmudic authority truth in resistance to, Talmudic commentary Umayyad Caliphate, Rashi, – uvelechtecha baderech (smartphone app), Tosafot, – Talmudic language, homogenization of, Talmudic text Venetian printers, , –, fluidity of, – Venice Ghetto, Tamid (tractate) Vidas, Moulie, –, Mishnah Vilna Gaon. See Elijah of Vilna , Vilna Shas, –, Tanakh, , , , canonization of, –, war(s) explanation of destruction, Bar Kokhba, , –, , , genres of, , hope for restoration in, with Rome, , , ideologies of, Wimpfheimer, Barry, , languages of, Wissenschaft, , tanna women definition, status of, tannaim (repeaters), tannaitic literature, , , Yazdagird II (Persian king), chronology of, – Yehiel of Paris, tannaitic midrash, Yerushalmi tannaitic period, approach to Mishnah, Ta-Shma, Israel, argumentation in, technology and the Talmud, conclusions in, Temple, , dating of, cult, – in geonic period, desecration of, polemic against,
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and reasoning, , Yeshivat Maharat, – and tradition, , Yevamot (tractate) and Zionism, Bavli a-b, yeshivah, Yohanan, Rabbi, in Babylonia, Hasidic, , Zionism Israeli, and the Talmud, – of Lublin, religious, of Mir, Zohar modern, , , , printing of, Musar, and the Talmud, Palestinian, the Talmud in, radical, – Zoroastrianism, of Slobodka, fire temples, of Telz, and the Jews, of Volozhin, purity law, women’s, – under Sassanians, – Yeshiva University, Zunz, Leopold, –
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