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Resolutions Ofthe First Palestinian Congress, Amman, / Oetober, /948 I. the Conference Decides That the Task of the Arab Armies

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Resolutions Ofthe First Palestinian Congress, Amman, / Oetober, /948 I. the Conference Decides That the Task of the Arab Armies Annex Resolutions ofthe First Palestinian Congress, Amman, / Oetober, /948 I. The Conference decides that the task of the Arab armies in Palestine has not been and will not be accomplished except when the Zionists have been finally defeated. 2. The Conference decides that the Arabs of Palestine will await eagerly and impatiently the decision to be taken at United Nations Organisation. They hope that it will be just and fair. 3. The Conference urges the Arab Governments to leave words and statements behind and to resort to real deeds. 4. The Conference draws the attention of the Arab Govemments and peoples to the fact that the formation of a Palestine Govemment at Gaza at a time when the Palestine people are scattered is an action which will be harmful and detrimental, especially as it imposes on the unwilling people the leaders of a single party which is notorious for its negative policy. The action paves the way for the recognition of the new Govemment by certain States, just as others have recognised the Jewish pretences; its result will be the partition which we are fighting against. For all these reasons the Conference will not support this Government or have any confidence in those who do so. 5. The Conference pi aces responsibility for any disasters or calamities which befall Palestine from now on, on the shoulders of those Arab Govemments who support the Govemment of Gaza. Deeds of the men of the new Government will be the cause of grave miseries in the future in the same way as they were throughout the last thirty years. 6. The Conference views the formation of that Govemment in its present form as contradictory to the early decisions of the Arab League when it was agreed that no Government was to be instituted until the whole of Palestine soil had been freed from the Zionist Tyranny and the Palestinian people could decide for themsel ves the form of Govemment they wanted. 7. The Conference requests the Govemment and press of sister [state] Egypt to refrain from supporting the Government of Gaza which lies within Egypt's zone of occupation. If this new weak and feable Govemment remains in existence it will be the greatest disaster to befall the Arabs 208 Annex 209 of Palestine as it will make it possible for the lews to conquer the whole country. 8. The Conference calls upon the Arab armies to carry out a crushing attack in order to restore dignity to the Arab nation and rescue the country. 9. The Conference conjures the United Nations Organisation to seek justice in regard to Palestine. 10. The Conference begs the Arab Kings and Govemments to redouble their efforts for the liberation of the country. 11. The Conference hails the Arab armies who have expressed their full readiness to die for Palestine. 12. In view of the existing national connections and ties between Palestine and the Transjordan Hashemite Kingdom the Conference places on His Majesty King Abdallah the greatest hopes for the defence of Palestine and the preservation of its Arabism and sacredness. The Conference is confident that His Majesty will agree that solutions be imposed on Palestine by people who yeam for authority, from whose bad deeds and selfishness during thirty long years, the Palestine people have been rid. The Conferences gives His Majesty unrestricted power to speak in the name of the Arabs of Palestine and to negotiate, and do everything on their behalf for the purpose of reaching a solution to their case in the form he wishes. His Majesty is our agent in all respects of relation to the future of Palestine. The Conference supports His Majesty in every step he will take towards solving the Palestine deadlock. The Conference considers His Majesty the only authority and resort for the Arabs of Palestine, who have placed in hirn all their confidence and loyalty. 13. The Conference decides to send a telegrarn to the Arab Higher Executive notifying it that the Arabs of Palestine have withdrawn from it their confidence and that the Arab Higher Executive has no right any Ion ger to represent them or speak on their behalf, because the Arab Govemments have taken up the Palestine case. 14. The Conference decides to elect a permanent executive commiUee to ensure that the decisions shall be put into effect. 15. The Conference decides to send copies of these decisions to the Transjordan Hashemite Kingdom Govemment and to all Arab and legations at Amman for submission to their Govemments. [Source: Arab News Agency, 2 October 1948, PRO, FO 816/130] Notes PREFACE I. Joseph Nevo, Abdallah VeArviyei Eretz Israel (Abdallah and the Arabs of Palestine), (Tel Aviv, 1975). 2. Cf., in particular, A vi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan, King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine (Oxford, 1988); Mary C. Wilson, King Abdullah, Britain and the Making ofJordan (Cambridge, 1990); I1an Pappe, The Making ofthe Arab-Israeli Conflict 1947-1951 (London, 1992); Kamal Salibi, A Modern History of Jordan (London, 1993); Uri Bar-Joseph, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Jordan in the War of 1948 (London, 1987). PART I Chapter 1: East and West of the Jordan River 1. Sa'id al-Tall, Al-Urdun W' Filastin (Jordan and Palestine), (Amman, 1984), pp. 24-5; Ma' an Abu Nowar, The History oj the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Vol. I: The Creation and Development ofTransjordan 1920-1929 (Oxford, 1989), p. 29; Sulayman Musa, lmarat Sharq al-Urdun, Nishataha W'Tatawrah ji Rub' al-Qurn 1921-1946 (The Emirate of Transjordan, Its Activity and Evolution throughout a Quarter of a Century, 1921-1946), (Amman, 1990), pp. 13-4; Muhammad Ahmad Muhafaza, Imarat Sharq al­ Urdun, Nishataha W' Tatawrahji Rub'al-Qurn 1921-1946 (The Emirate of Transjordan, Its Activity and Evolution Throughout a Quarter of a Century, 1921-1946), (Amman, 1990), p. 25; B. Thomas to H. Philby, 8 March 1924, Public Record Office (PRO), CO 733-67. 2. UrielDann, 'EmirutEverHaYarden 1921-1946' (TheEmirateofTransjordan 1921-1946), Occasional Papers, No. 81, Shiloah Center, Tel Aviv University, February 1982, p. I; Sulayman Musa, A' alam Min al-Urdun (Land marks in Jordan), (Amman, 1986), p. 58; Nevo, Abdallah, p. 11. 3. Dann, 'Emirut', p. 2; Musa, A' alam Min al-Urdun, p. 52; Sulayman Musa, Ta'sis al-Imara al-Urduniya 1921-1925 (The Foundation of the Jordanian Emirate 1921-1925), (Amman, 1971), pp. 18-26; 'Ali al-Muhafaza, Al­ 'Alaqat al-Urduniya al-Britaniya min Tasis al-lmara Hata IIgha al-Md ahada 1921-1957 (Jordanian-British Relations Since the Foundation ofthe Emirate till the Abolition of the Treaty 1921-1957), (Beirut, 1973), pp. 21-28. 4. Abu Nowar, p. 24; Munib al-Madi and Sulayman Musa, Tarikh al-Urdunji al-Qurn al-' Ishrin (The History of Jordan in the 20th Century), (Amman, 1959), p. 101; Mahmud Ubaydat, Al-Urdunji al-Tarikh (Jordan in History), (Tripoli, 1992), pp. 184-6. 5. Abdallah Ibn Husayn, Mudhakirat al-Malik Abdallah Ibn Husayn (Memoirs of King Abdallah, Son of Husayn), (Jerusalem, 1945, reprint Amman, 1965), pp. 153-7; Musa, A'alam Min al-Urdun, pp. 75-6; Khayr al-Din al-Zirkali, 210 Notes 211 'Aamanfi Amman (Two Years in Amman), (Cairo, 1925), pp. 44-5; Aaron Kleiman, Foundations 01 British Policy in the Arab World: The Cairo Conlerence 01/921 (Baltimore, 1970), pp. 129-32; PRO FO 371-6343, pp. 107-14. 6. PRO, ibid.; Musa, Ta'sis, pp. 111-12. When later describing the meeting with Churchill in his memoirs, Abdallah made no mention of such aproposal, yet the editor of the English version of the memoirs added in a note that Abdallah' s notion to create a united Arab state of Transjordan and Palestine was rejected by ChurchilL Abdallah Ibn Husayn, Mudhakirat, pp. 168-70; P. P. Graves (ed.), Memoirs 01 King Abdallah (London, 1950), p. 204n. 7. Sulayman Musa, Ayam la Tunsa', Al-Urdun fi Harb 1948 (Unforgeuable Days, Jordan in the 1948 War), (Amman, 1982), p. 28. 8. Uriel Dann, Studies in the History 01 Transjordan, 1920-1949, The Making ola State (Boulderand London, 1984), p. 37; Zirkali, p. 49; Ubaydat, pp. 242-3. 9. Kleiman, pp. 212-21; Dann, Studies, p. 40. 10. H. St John Philby, Stepping Stones in Jordan, Private Papers Collection, Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford, p. 29. 11. Walid Kazziha, 'The Political Evolution of Transjordan " Middle Eastem Studies (MES), VoL 15, No. 2 (May, 1979), p. 251; Abu Nowar, pp. 61-2. 12. Churchill to Samuel, II July 1921, PRO, CO 733-3; Dann, Studies, pp. 4~3; Abu Nowar, p. 64; Kazziha, p. 251; H. St John Philby, 'Transjordan' ,Journal olthe Royal Central Asia Society (JRCAS), VoL II (1924), p. 302. 13. Philby, 'Transjordan,' 302; Philby, Stepping Stones, p. 54. 14. Peter Gubser, Jordan, Crossroads 01 Middle Eastem Events (London and Boulder, 1983), p. 78. 15. Great Britain Parliamentary Papers 1922, Cmd. 1785. The articles referred to dealt with freedom of conscience and freedom of worship and with the status of nationals of state members of the League of Nations. 16. PRO CO 733-64. 17. Abu Nowar, p. 116. 18. Philby, Stepping Stones, p. 54; Bemard Wasserstein, The British in Palestine; The Mandatory Govemment and the Arab-Jewish Conflict 1917-1929 (London, 1978), p. 35; Michael Assaf, HaYahasim Bein Aravim Ve Yehudim BeEretz Israel 1860-1948 (Relations Between Jews and Arabs in Palestine, 186~ 1948), (Tel Aviv, 1970), p. 397; Government of Palestine, Report olthe Govemment 01 Palestine and Transjordan to the year 1927, Part 2, Transjordan, p. 8; Report ... to the year 1928, p.
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