Newsletter Mission in Kosovo December 2003, No 09

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Newsletter Mission in Kosovo December 2003, No 09 AASISI ASSEMBLY SUPPORT INITIATIVE osce Newsletter Mission in Kosovo December 2003, No 09 •Parliaments from South-East Europe meet in Sarajevo •Three parliaments support Assembly of Kosoovovo • Anti-discrimination Law under review 2 ASI newsletter From the editor Thank you, Friedhelm and Rita ! It was a remarkable scene that day, 3rd of October 2003 in Sarajevo. Parliamentarians from South-East Europe met in the “Konak” residence, the place where Franz Ferdinand, After two and a half years of dedicated work in Kosovo Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, died in 1914. The assault on him was a crucial Dr. Friedhelm Frischenschlager is returning to Austria. moment prior to the First World War. Almost 90 years later and at the same place, As former Minister of Defense of Austria and former parliamentarians from the whole region, from Vienna to Sofia, from Tirana to Belgrade, Member of the European Parliament, Dr. Frischenschlager met to discuss common challenges in socio-economic development and poverty reduction. extensively contributed to the work of the OSCE Mission in Kosovo, first as head of the Political Party The Kosovo delegation, headed by prof. Daci, met colleagues from 10 other parliaments. The Division, afterwards as director of the Democratization multi-lateral framework of this conference, organised by OSCE, facilitated discussions in Department. He closely followed the developments in the the workshops at technical level, bringing in expertise of specialised Committees, including Assembly of Kosovo and encouraged the work of the from MPs from Kosovo and Serbia. Articles in this Newsletter give further information and Assembly Support Initiative (ASI). feed-back on this conference and its results, outlining the need for Kosovo MPs to further Also Rita Taphorn is leaving Kosovo. She worked more engage in direct dialogue on practical issues with their colleagues from the region. then three years in the OSCE Mission, first in the As this is the last ASI Newsletter for this year, one can find information on various Elections Department, afterwards in the Central Assembly capacity building activities with the Assembly, in particular a presentation of the support Support Team of the Democratization Department. With program of three parliaments, financed by the European Agency for Reconstruction (EAR). a lot of energy and enthusiasm she facilitated meetings You will also find interviews with and articles from various Assembly Members and from with Assembly Members and staff and substantially the Minister of Education who visited Germany together with the Assembly Committee on contributed to the co-ordination work with various parliaments, foundations and country offices. She has Education. been one of the driving forces behind the Assembly Support OSCE Democratization Department and all partner organisations in the Assembly Support Initiative (ASI) and is well respected by the Assembly Initiative (ASI) are committed to contribute to strengthen the Assembly. This Newsletter Members and staff. gives news on that. Your feedback is most welcome. Friedhelm and Rita, thank you very much for your contribution. Good luck in your further activities during the coming years. We hope that you will visit Kosovo also Franklin De Vrieze, in the future. Assembly Support Initiative Co-ordinator. ASI newsletter 33 Three parliaments support Assembly of Kosovo An 18 months European Agency of Reconstruction (EAR) support programme for the Assembly of Kosovo has now become operational. A consortium of three European parliaments, including the French Assemblée Nationale, the German Bundestag and the Belgian Chambre des Représentants, together with the Institut International de Paris La Défense is entrusted with carrying out the programme. A team of experts headed by Mr. Nicolas Maziau, Professor of Public Law in France, has recently taken up its work. ASI spoke to him and two of his team members, Mr. Alfred Drescher, former Head of Personnel in the German Bundestag and Prof. Heinrich Grosse-Sender, former Secretary General of the Landtag of North-Rhine-Westfalia. Interview by David Buerstedde, Office of Political Affairs of the OSCE Mission in Kosovo. First of all, Prof. Maziau, of society. The aim is also associated the Consortium. On the tell us about the team that not only to bring relevant the German Bun- Assembly side, Prof. Fatmir will be implementing this experience to the Assembly destag and the Sejdiu represents the As- project? but also make sure that Spanish Cámara sembly Presidency and Mr. de los Diputados. Nicolas Maziau: The team the Assembly maintains Ysuf Demaj the Secretariat. There has been consists of the Team leader, and enhances its links with The Advisory Board will quite a number of three key experts, two of Kosovo civil society. As for meet every three months such multi-lateral them are with us today the international experts, to review implementation initiatives taking and a third, Mr. Peter it is interesting to mention of the project. place over recent Vanhoutte, former mem- that all experts involved years. What, then, are the main ber of the Belgian Chambre in the project are civil ser- vants, mostly from the aims of the support prog- des Représentants will be What have you ramme? tasked with all procu- three parliaments involved done so far? in this project. The fact N.M.: Apart from the re- rement and logistics issues. N.M.: So far we that they are not private furbishment of the Assem- The Team also includes have held con- bly premises, the progra- two local administrative consultants as is often the sultations with assistants, two transla- case with programmes run local and inter- mme offers technical as- tors/interpreters, and one by the European Union national intere- sistance to the Secretariat local legal expert whose will certainly bring a dif- Departments. In the De- Prof. Nicolas Maziau sts, most impor- primary task will be to ferent approach to rela- tantly of course partment of Administra- check Kosovo legislation tions with Assembly good memories and sym- within the Assembly itself. tion assistance will be for compliance with Euro- members and staff. The pathy for Kosovo and its We have encountered a provided on personnel, pean standards. In addi- experts are people that Assembly. great willingness to work budget and procurement tion, we will also be wor- are embedded in their with us and are very and in the Department of Does the consortium of par- king with international respective institutions at pleased with the support Legal Affairs efforts will be liaments you represent have and local short-term ex- home, which will allow we have received so far. concentrated on the Table any other experience of this perts. the Assembly to learn from We are also thankful to Office and the Committees sort of work in Southeast first-hand experience but the Advisory Board that Support Section. This will Who are the local experts, Europe or other places? also help establish relations has been created to give also involve an overhaul who the international ex- that will hopefully remain N.M. As a matter of fact, guidance to our work. of existing rules and perts you will be consul- close even after the current we do. In 1996 the French further elaboration of the ting? project is completed. I Assemblée Nationale was Who is represented on the Assembly’s internal regu- N.M.: We are in the process sincerely wish and expect involved in a similar EU Advisory Board? latory framework with the of identifying local experts that the short-term experts assistance programme for N.M.: Members include aim of enhancing efficiency from the academic com- will return to their res- the first time. It related representatives from EAR, and improving the pro- munity and other sectors pective institutions with to the Russian Duma and the European Office and cessing of legislation but 4 ASI newsletter also to enhance the As- have no agenda of our where we will stand ready campaign and therefore our project is that it sembly’s financial and ad- own. Our task is to help to assist. Also, we hope not otherwise available in extends beyond next year’s ministrative autonomy. improve the functioning of to see the Assembly make the period prior to the elections. the Assembly. Of course, Alfred Drescher: I would more use of its right to elections. On the other any decision that is taken Other organisations co-or- like to emphasise how initiate its own legislation hand the elections period upon our advice might dinated through ASI have vitally important it is for as has been the case with will offer the opportunity become a political issue been lending support to a functioning democratic the Gender Equality draft to work more closely with even though this would be the Assembly since its in- system that the legislature law. the Secretariat staff. In unintended. There is one ception. How will you en- is independent of the exe- addition, the elections will issue, however, which is Co-operation with the sure that your activities cutive. This also goes for focus minds and efforts close to our heart, and Government is one issue. will be complementary to the training of Assembly How do you assess the will be made to make will almost certainly in- ASI’s efforts? Secretariat staff. Any self- volve some tough political Assembly’s relations with sure that the newly elected respecting Assembly will choices. That is to make UNMIK? Assembly will be able to N.M.: ASI has done a want to train its staff ac- count on an Assembly lot over the past years sure legislation is comp- N.M.: There is clearly room cording to its own rules. and we have benefited tre- liant with the acquis com- for improvement. How- secretariat that has sig- Will changes to the inter- munautaire, the body of ever, this is mostly a nificantly enhanced its ser- mendously from the ex- nal rules of the Assembly rules developed by the political problem outside vices.
Recommended publications
  • Kosovo's New Political Leadership
    ASSEMBLY SUPPORT INITIATIVE asiNEWSLETTER Kosovo’s new political leadership ASSEMBLYasi SUPPORT INITIATIVE NEWSLETTER юѦȱŘŖŖŜǰȱќȱŘŘ Strengthening the oversight role of the Kosovo Assembly oces Mission in Kosovo ASSEMBLY SUPPORT INITIATIVE 2 NEWSLETTERasi Editorial Editorial 2 Kosovo has a new political leadership. Within one Mr. Kolë Berisha’s speech on the occasion ǰȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ of assuming the Assembly Presidency 3 ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱĜǯȱȱ Fatmir Sejdiu succeeded the late President Ibrahim President Fatmir Sejdiu talks to BBC 6 Rugova. Former TMK Commander Agim Ceku succeeded Bajram Kosumi as prime minister. Mr. “There is no full freedom in Kosovo Kole Berisha succeeded Nexhat Daci as president unless all of Kosovo’s citizens can enjoy it” 7 ȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱȱŘŚȱȱŘŖŖŜǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ Kosovo Serb Leaders Meet Premier Çeku, ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱ Consider Joining Government 9 rounds of talks on decentralization. Recent Developments in the Assembly 10 ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ sessions in the Assembly on various policy issues. The new president Let’s learn to hear the voice of the citizen 12 ȱȱ¢ǰȱǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ a new democratic atmosphere and to strengthen co-operation with Presidency of the Assembly 14 international institutions. Transparency and full adherence to Rules Why we asked for a new dynamic in of Procedure are high on his agenda. Assembly’s Work 16 In light of the current changes at the Assembly one can hope that this ȱǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱĴǰȱ Our Vision of an Independent Kosovo 17 to further enhance their role in overseeing the work of the government ȱ ¡ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Pay off Time 18 Consolidated Budget (KCB).
    [Show full text]
  • Invest in Young Scientists and Jobs for Growth
    3RD JOINT SCIENCE CONFERENCE OF THE WESTERN BALKANS PROCESS / BERLIN PROCESS Paris, France | 14 – 16 June 2017 | Académie de sciences – Institut de France TURN IDEAS INTO ACTION: INVEST IN YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND JOBS FOR GROWTH PARTICIPANTS INSTITUTIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES (AND ARTS) 1. Academy of Sciences of Albania Muzafer Korkuti President 2. Austrian Academy of Sciences Anton Zeilinger President 3. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina Miloš Trifković President 4. Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts Zvonko Kusić (tbc) President 5. German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Jörg Hacker President 6. French Académie des sciences Sébastien Candel President 7. Italian Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei Mario Stefanini Academy Member 8. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo Nexhat Daci Academy Member 9. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Taki Fiti President 10. Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts Dragan K. Vukčević President 11. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Ljubomir Maksimović Vice-President 12. Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Tadej Bajd President 13. The Royal Society James Jackson Academy Member INSTITUTIONAL REPRESENTATIVES: NATIONAL RECTORS’ CONFERENCES AND UNIVERSITIES 1. Rectors’ Conference of the Republic of Albania Valentina Duka (Representative: University of Tirana) 2. Austrian University Conference Elisabeth Freismuth (Chair of the International Forum: Rector of the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz) 3. University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Rector) Rifat Škrijelj 4. University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Rector) Milan Mataruga 5. Rectors’ Conference of the Republic of Croatia Marin Milković (Representative: Rector of the North University in Koprivnica) 6. Conference of Deans of French Schools of Engineering Pierre Koch (Representative: President of the University of Technology of Troyes) 7.
    [Show full text]
  • CONT Delegation Visit 14-17 June 2011 Kosovo
    CONT Delegation visit 14-17 June 2011 Kosovo Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia KOSOVO This document aims to provide background information to the Committee on Budgetary Control Delegation to Kosovo and FYROM, due to take place on 14-17 June 2011. The factual information below deals with various subjects related to Kosovo as regards basic data, political structure overview, an overview of the economy and relations with the European Union. 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON KOSOVO 2.1 Basic data on Kosovo1 General topographic map2 Total land area: 10,887 sq km Population: 2 126 708 (estimate 2010) People: Albanians (88%), Serbs (6%), Bosniaks (3%), Roma (2%), Turks (1%) Capital: Pristina (600 000) Main languages: Albanian, Serbian, Bosniak and Turkish Religions: Islam, Serbian Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism Currency: Euro Natural resources: coal, lead, zinc, chromium, silver, nickel, magnesium, kaolin, chrome 1 http://rks-gov.net/en-US/Republika/Kosova/Pages/default.aspx; http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel- advice-by-country/country-profile/europe/kosovo; 2 http://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plik:Kosovo_kart.jpg&filetimestamp=20060910213128 1 2.2 Political structure - overview3 Official name Republic of Kosovo Independent democratic republic since 17 February 2008. Kosovo is supervised by the international community following the conclusion Form of state: of the political process to determine Kosovo’s final status envisaged in UN Security Council Resolution 1244. Constitution adopted by the Kosovo Assembly on 9 April 2008. It Legal system: came into force on June 15, 2008. The Assembly of Kosovo has 120 members elected for a four-year National legislature: term.
    [Show full text]
  • Kosovo Country Report BTI 2012
    BTI 2012 | Kosovo Country Report Status Index 1-10 6.28 # 41 of 128 Political Transformation 1-10 6.70 # 43 of 128 Economic Transformation 1-10 5.86 # 58 of 128 Management Index 1-10 5.28 # 59 of 128 scale: 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest) score rank trend This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2012. The BTI is a global assessment of transition processes in which the state of democracy and market economy as well as the quality of political management in 128 transformation and developing countries are evaluated. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2012 — Kosovo Country Report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2012. © 2012 Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh BTI 2012 | Kosovo 2 Key Indicators Population mn. 1.8 HDI - GDP p.c. $ - Pop. growth1 % p.a. 0.6 HDI rank of 187 - Gini Index - Life expectancy years 70 UN Education Index - Poverty3 % - Urban population % - Gender inequality2 - Aid per capita $ 436.5 Sources: The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2011 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2011. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $2 a day. Executive Summary After three years of independence much progress has been made in Kosovo, but many challenges remain for the new country. Elected representatives continue to share power with an international presence, while territorial integrity and security is maintained by the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) peacekeeping mission. The state’s administrative structures are effective, but not efficient.
    [Show full text]
  • 02 Klasnja.Indd
    THE LIMITS OF INTEGRATION The EU and Kosovo Time to Rethink the Enlargement and Integration Policy? Marko Klasnja The EU’s approach to the HE European Union has been hailed for its contri- Tbution to the largely successful post-communist Western Balkans has been transition in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Exerting its well-known “soft power” advantages by of- plagued with inconsistencies fering the possibility of membership, the EU encouraged and half-baked measures. The the partners in the ongoing process of integration and “Europeanization,”1 here meant to connote the processes situation in Kosovo demonstrates and mechanisms by which European efforts to build political, economic, legal, and social institutions cause that the EU needs to rethink its changes at the domestic level.2 This success story has so policy arsenal if it is to achieve far not been replicated in the Western Balkans, another region undergoing transition where the EU’s ambitions its goals. and pledges seem to mirror those of the earlier “Eastern Enlargement.” The results in the Western Balkans have so far been much more limited and by no means assure an equally successful outcome. This may be a consequence of the much wider range of challenges faced by the region than was the case with Central and Eastern Europe, given the recurring conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the late start of transition in many countries, and the unsolved territorial and ethnic issues, not to mention other prob- lems. The intricacies of the status-settlement process for Kosovo—that is, whether the province will become an independent country or remain part of Serbia—exemplify the multi-faceted nature of the transition process in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter March 2003, No 05
    AA sS s I e m b l y S u p p o r t I n i t i a t i v e Newsletter March 2003, No 05 • Ms. Nafiye Gas, first woman in the Assembly Presidency • Dr. Alush Gashi seeks better co-operation with international community • “Coalition Return” to become more active in Assembly • Support initiatives to Assembly continue 2 ASInewsletter THE FIRST WOMAN IN THE KOSOVO ASSEMBLY PRESIDENCY Ms Nafi ye Gas is one of the young members of the Assembly, and is the representative of the Group of Other Communities in the Assembly Presidency, since January 2003. She is President of the Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party (KDTP) branch in Gjilan/Gnjilane. An economist by education, she speaks fl uent English, Albanian, Serbian and Turkish. “I am a Scorpio by Zodiac, like many of the prominent Turkish politicians,” she points out, smiling Interview was compiled by David Buerstedde and Lydia Lecheva How does it feel to be ration. But it also means fi nd its way to the know my rights as a level. I don’t like to make the only woman in the I have to work much Kosovo Government as member of a minority promises, but I can say Assembly Presidency? harder on behalf of the well. By comparison, community and I used to that the door of my offi ce interests of all these gro- there are a lot of clever stand up for them not is open for all the women Mr. Nexhat Daci, the ups. and experienced women even being a politician.
    [Show full text]
  • Kosovo Leaders Meet Negotiators from Several Countries • Building Better Healthcare Services
    ASI newsletter February 2004, No 10 • Kosovo leaders meet negotiators from several countries • Building better healthcare services • “Coalition Return” at a cross-road osce Mission in Kosovo 2 ASI newsletter Editorial Crafting strategies for negotiations It was a unique group. The main Kosovo political leaders met key Unionist Party in Northern Ireland; Mr. Pini Meidan, former negotiators and decision-makers from countries around the world Foreign Policy Advisor and senior negotiator for Israeli Prime to discuss leadership and negotiations during periods of transition Minister Ehud Barak in the 2002 Camp David talks; Mr. Roelf in similar circumstances. The sett ing was the picturesque castle Meyer, former Chief Negotiator for the De Klerk Government of Burg Schlaining in Austria. From 15 to 19 December 2003, an and former Minister of Constitutional Aff airs of South Africa; intensive exchange of experiences with distinguished offi cials and and Mr. Albert Reynolds, former Prime Minister of the Republic negotiators from Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Israel, of Ireland and key participant in the Northern Ireland peace Palestine, South Africa and Chile took place. The conference on process. “Craft ing Strategies for Negotiations” was co-sponsored by the At the closing session of the meeting, President Ibrahim Rugova Project on Justice in Times of Transition of Harvard University stated that the discussions had been refreshing and useful, and and the OSCE Mission in Kosovo and supported by the Kosovo that he considered the meeting a great success. Mr. Hashim Thaçi Institute for Policy Research and Development (KIPRED) and the added that Kosovo needs to gain the trust of the international Olof Palme International Centre in Sweden.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter May 2003, No 06
    AA s S s I e m b l y S u p p o r t I n i t i a t i v e Newsletter May 2003, No 06 • Interview with chairpersons of the Committees on Budget, Education, and Labour and Social Welfare • Prime Minister addresses the Assembly • Increased support activities to the Assembly 2 ASI newsletter From the editor In this issue you will read interviews with the chairpersons of three Assembly Assembly Committ ees and its chairpersons Committ ees. It was striking to notice that the common message from each was that there is need for change and improvement. Changes in educational, social, budget and economic matt ers. Changes are needed, and working on improvements today Committ ee on Budget Haki Shatri will shape Kosovo’s future. Committ ee on the Rights It is encouraging to see the energy by which various organisations and foundations and Interests of Communities Dragiša Krstovic are forming a team and working together with the Assembly to bring about this Committ ee for Finance and Economy Slobodan Bjelic change and improvement, and contributing to a bett er life for the people in Kosovo. This Newslett er includes articles on substantial activities and advice given to the Committ ee for Trade and Industry Bajrush Xhemaili Assembly Members, the Committ ees as well as the staff . Committ ee for Education, When I att ended several Committ ee meetings during the last weeks, I was encouraged Science and Technology Hajredin Kuqi to notice the qualifi ed discussions taking place on the draft laws as they had been tabled by the Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Kosovo by Ilir Deda
    Kosovo by Ilir Deda Capital: Pristina Population: 1.8 million GNI/capita: n/a Source: The data above was provided by The World Bank, World Bank Indicators 2010. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores Yugoslavia Kosovo 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electoral Process 4.75 3.75 3.75 5.25 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.50 4.50 4.25 Civil Society 4.00 3.00 2.75 4.25 4.00 4.25 4.25 4.00 4.00 3.75 Independent Media 4.50 3.50 3.25 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 Governance* 5.25 4.25 4.25 6.00 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a National Democratic Governance n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.25 5.50 Local Democratic Governance n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.25 5.00 Judicial Framework and Independence 5.50 4.25 4.25 6.00 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 Corruption 6.25 5.25 5.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.75 5.75 5.75 Democracy Score 5.04 4.00 3.88 5.50 5.32 5.36 5.36 5.21 5.11 5.07 * Starting with the 2005 edition, Freedom House introduced separate analysis and ratings for national democratic governance and local democratic governance to provide readers with more detailed and nuanced analysis of these two important subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Presidents of Kosovo
    SNo Phase Name Took office Left office Political party 1 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Fadil Hoxha 11-07 1945 20-02 1953 Communist Party of Kosovo 2 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Ismet Saqiri 20-02 1953 12-12 1953 League of Communists of Kosovo 3 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Đorđije Pajković 12-12 1953 05-05 1956 League of Communists of Kosovo 4 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Pavle Jovićević 05-05 1956 04-04 1960 League of Communists of Kosovo 5 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Dušan Mugoša 04-04 1960 18-06 1963 League of Communists of Kosovo 6 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Stanoje Akšić 18-06 1963 24-06 1967 League of Communists of Kosovo 7 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Fadil Hoxha 24-06 1967 07-05 1969 League of Communists of Kosovo 8 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Ilaz Kurteshi 07-05 1969 01-05 1974 League of Communists of Kosovo 9 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Xhavid Nimani 01-05 1974 01-08 1981 League of Communists of Kosovo 10 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Ali Shukriu 01-08 1981 1982 League of Communists of Kosovo 11 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Kolë Shiroka 1982 01-05 1983 League of Communists of Kosovo 12 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Shefqet Nebih Gashi 01-05 1983 01-05 1985 League of Communists of Kosovo 13 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Branislav Skembarević 01-05 1985 01-05 1986 League of Communists of Kosovo 14 Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo Bajram Selani 01-05 1986 01-05 1988 League of Communists
    [Show full text]
  • Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence
    Order Code RL31053 Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence Updated June 20, 2008 Julie Kim Specialist in International Relations Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence Summary Close to nine years after NATO intervened militarily in the southern Serbian province of Kosovo, Kosovo declared itself an independent and sovereign state on February 17, 2008. A new Kosovo constitution came into force on June 15. These developments marked a new stage in, but not the end of, international concern and engagement in the western Balkan region. Serbia strenuously objects to and does not recognize Kosovo’s independence. Kosovo represented the last major unfinished business from the wars of Yugoslav succession in the 1990s. In 1998 and 1999, the United States and its NATO allies engaged in collective action to end escalating violence in Kosovo. These efforts culminated in a 78-day NATO bombing campaign (Operation Allied Force) against Serbia from March until June 1999, when then-Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic agreed to withdraw his forces from the province. Afterward, Kosovo was governed through a combination of U.N. and local Kosovar interim governing structures. Under the terms of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999), the U.N. Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) retained ultimate political authority in the province. A NATO-led peacekeeping force, KFOR, was charged with providing a secure environment. UNSC Resolution 1244 did not settle Kosovo’s disputed status. The ethnic Albanian majority demanded full independence for Kosovo; Serbs insisted that Kosovo remain an integral part of Serbia.
    [Show full text]
  • The World Factbook Europe :: Kosovo Introduction :: Kosovo Background
    The World Factbook Europe :: Kosovo Introduction :: Kosovo Background: The central Balkans were part of the Roman and Byzantine Empires before ethnic Serbs migrated to the territories of modern Kosovo in the 7th century. During the medieval period, Kosovo became the center of a Serbian Empire and saw the construction of many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. The defeat of Serbian forces at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 led to five centuries of Ottoman rule during which large numbers of Turks and Albanians moved to Kosovo. By the end of the 19th century, Albanians replaced the Serbs as the dominant ethnic group in Kosovo. Serbia reacquired control over Kosovo from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War of 1912. After World War II, Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.) with status almost equivalent to that of a republic under the 1974 S.F.R.Y. constitution. Despite legislative concessions, Albanian nationalism increased in the 1980s, which led to riots and calls for Kosovo's independence. At the same time, Serb nationalist leaders, such as Slobodan MILOSEVIC, exploited Kosovo Serb claims of maltreatment to secure votes from supporters, many of whom viewed Kosovo as their cultural heartland. Under MILOSEVIC's leadership, Serbia instituted a new constitution in 1989 that revoked Kosovo's status as an autonomous province of Serbia. Kosovo's Albanian leaders responded in 1991 by organizing a referendum that declared Kosovo independent. Under MILOSEVIC, Serbia carried out repressive measures against the Kosovar Albanians in the early 1990s as the unofficial Kosovo government, led by Ibrahim RUGOVA, used passive resistance in an attempt to try to gain international assistance and recognition of an independent Kosovo.
    [Show full text]