Slave Narratives. Texas
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Slave Narratives: a Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, by Work Projects Administration This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Slave Narratives a Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves Texas Narratives, Part 1 Author: Work Projects Administration Release Date: December 2, 2009 [EBook #30576] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SLAVE NARRATIVES--TEXAS, PART 1 *** Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Library of Congress, Manuscript Division) +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Transcriber's Note: | | | | I. Inconsistent punctuation has been silently corrected | | throughout the book. | | | | II. Clear spelling mistakes have been corrected however, | | inconsistent language usage (such as 'day' and 'dey') | | has been maintained. A list of corrections is included | | at the end of the book. | | | | III. The numbers at the start of each interview were stamped | | into the original work and refer to the number of the | | published interview in the context of the entire Slave | | Narratives project. | | | | IV. Two handwritten notes have been retained and are | | annotated as such. | | | | | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ SLAVE NARRATIVES _A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves_ TYPEWRITTEN RECORDS PREPARED BY THE FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT 1936-1938 ASSEMBLED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PROJECT WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SPONSORED BY THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS _Illustrated with Photographs_ WASHINGTON 1941 VOLUME XVI TEXAS NARRATIVES PART 1 Prepared by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of Texas INFORMANTS Adams, Will 1 Adams, William 4 Adams, William M. 9 Allen, Sarah 12 Anderson, Andy 14 Anderson, George Washington (Wash) 17 Anderson, Willis 21 Armstrong, Mary 25 Arnwine, Stearlin 31 Ashley, Sarah 34 Babino, Agatha 37 Barclay, Mrs. John 39 Barker, John 42 Barnes, Joe 45 Barrett, Armstead 47 Barrett, Harriet 49 Bates, John 51 Beckett, Harrison 54 Bell, Frank 59 Bell, Virginia 62 Bendy, Edgar 66 Bendy, Minerva 68 Benjamin, Sarah 70 Bess, Jack 72 Betts, Ellen 75 Beverly, Charlotte 84 Black, Francis 87 Blanchard, Olivier 90 Blanks, Julia 93 Boles, Elvira 106 Bormer (Bonner), Betty 109 Boyd, Harrison 112 Boyd, Issabella 114 Boyd, James 117 Boykins, Jerry 121 Brackins, Monroe 124 Bradshaw, Gus 130 Brady, Wes 133 Branch, Jacob 137 Branch, William 143 Brim, Clara 147 Brooks, Sylvester 149 Broussard, Donaville 151 Brown, Fannie 154 Brown, Fred 156 Brown, James 160 Brown, Josie 163 Brown, Zek 166 Bruin, Madison 169 Bunton, Martha Spence 174 Butler, Ellen 176 Buttler, Henry H. 179 Byrd, William 182 Cain, Louis 185 Calhoun, Jeff 188 Campbell, Simp 191 Cape, James 193 Carruthers, Richard 197 Carter, Cato 202 Cauthern, Jack 212 Chambers, Sally Banks 214 Choice, Jeptha 217 Clark, Amos 220 Clark, Anne 223 Cole, Thomas 225 Coleman, Eli 236 Coleman, Preely 240 Collins, Harriet 242 Columbus, Andrew (Smoky) 246 Connally, Steve 249 Cormier, Valmar 252 Cornish, Laura 254 Crawford, John 257 Cumby, Green 260 Cummins, Tempie 263 Cunningham, Adeline 266 Daily, Will 269 Daniels, Julia Francis 273 Darling, Katie 278 Davenport, Carey 281 Davis, Campbell 285 Davis, William 289 Davison, Eli 295 Davison, Elige 298 Day, John 302 Denson, Nelsen 305 Duhon, Victor 307 ILLUSTRATIONS Facing Page Will Adams 1 William Adams 4 Mary Armstrong 25 Sterlin Arnwine 31 Sarah Ashley 34 Edgar and Minerva Bendy 66 Jack Bess's House 72 Jack Bess 72 Charlotte Beverly 84 Francis Black 87 Betty Bormer (Bonner) 109 Issabella Boyd 114 James Boyd 117 Monroe Brackins 124 Wes Brady 133 William Branch 143 Clara Brim 147 Sylvester Brooks 149 Donaville Broussard 151 Fannie Brown 154 Fred Brown 156 James Brown 160 Josie Brown 163 Zek Brown 166 Martha Spence Bunton 174 Ellen Butler 176 Simp Campbell 191 James Cape 193 Cato Carter 202 Amos Clark's Sorghum Mill 220 Amos Clark 220 Anne Clark 223 Preely Coleman 240 Steve Connally 249 Steve Connally's House 249 Valmar Cormier 252 John Crawford 257 Green Cumby 260 Tempie Cummins 263 Adeline Cunningham 266 Will Daily's House 269 Will Daily 269 Julia Francis Daniels 273 Katie Darling 278 Carey Davenport 281 Campbell Davis 285 Nelsen Denson 305 EX-SLAVE STORIES (Texas) 420241 [Illustration: Will Adams] WILL ADAMS was born in 1857, a slave of Dave Cavin, in Harrison Co., Texas. He remained with the Cavins until 1885, then farmed for himself. Will lives alone in Marshall, Texas, supported by a $13.00 monthly pension. "My folks allus belongs to the Cavins and wore their name till after 'mancipation. Pa and ma was named Freeman and Amelia Cavin and Massa Dave fotches them to Texas from Alabama, along with ma's mother, what we called Maria. "The Cavins allus thunk lots of their niggers and Grandma Maria say, 'Why shouldn't they--it was their money.' She say there was plenty Indians here when they settled this country and they bought and traded with them without killin' them, if they could. The Indians was poor folks, jus' pilfer and loaf 'round all the time. The niggers was a heap sight better off than they was, 'cause we had plenty to eat and a place to stay. "Young Massa Tom was my special massa and he still lives here. Old Man Dave seemed to think more of his niggers than anybody and we thunk lots of our white folks. My pa was leader on the farm, and there wasn't no overseer or driver. When pa whip a nigger he needn't go to Massa Dave, but pa say, 'Go you way, you nigger. Freeman didn't whip you for nothin'.' Massa Dave allus believe pa, 'cause he tells the truth. "One time a peddler come to our house and after supper he goes to see 'bout his pony. Pa done feed that pony fifteen ears of corn. The peddler tell massa his pony ain't been fed nothin', and massa git mad and say, 'Be on you way iffen you gwine 'cuse my niggers of lyin'.' "We had good quarters and plenty to eat. I 'members when I's jus' walkin' round good pa come in from the field at night and taken me out of bed and dress me and feed me and then play with me for hours. Him bein' leader, he's gone from 'fore day till after night. The old heads got out early but us young scraps slep' till eight or nine o'clock, and don't you think Massa Dave ain't comin' round to see we is fed. I 'members him like it was yest'day, comin' to the quarters with his stick and askin' us, 'Had your breakfas'?' We'd say, 'Yes, suh.' Then he'd ask if we had 'nough or wanted any more. It look like he taken a pleasure in seein' us eat. At dinner, when the field hands come in, it am the same way. He was sho' that potlicker was fill as long as the niggers want to eat. "The hands worked from sun to sun. Massa give them li'l crops and let them work them on Saturday. Then he bought the stuff and the niggers go to Jefferson and buy clothes and sech like. Lots saved money and bought freedom 'fore the war was over. "We went to church and first the white preacher preached and then he larns our cullud preachers. I seed him ordain a cullud preacher and he told him to allus be honest. When the white preacher laid his hand on him, all the niggers git to hollerin' and shoutin' and prayin' and that nigger git scart mos' to death. "On Christmas we had all we could eat and drink and after that a big party, and you ought to see them gals swingin' they partners round. Then massa have two niggers wrestle, and our sports and dances was big sport for the white folks. They'd sit on the gallery and watch the niggers put it on brown. "Massa didn't like his niggers to marry off the place, but sometimes they'd do it, and massa tell his neighbor, 'My nigger am comin' to you place. Make him behave.' All the niggers 'haved then and they wasn't no Huntsville and gallows and burnin's then. "Old massa went to war with his boy, Billie. They's lots of cryin' and weepin' when they sot us free. Lots of them didn't want to be free, 'cause they knowed nothin' and had nowhere to go. Them what had good massas stayed right on. "I 'members when that Ku Klux business starts up. Smart niggers causes that. The carpet-baggers ruint the niggers and the white men couldn't do a thing with them, so they got up the Ku Klux and stirs up the world. Them carpet-baggers come round larnin' niggers to sass the white folks what done fed them. They come to pa with that talk and he told them, 'Listen, white folks, you is gwine start a graveyard if you come round here teachin' niggers to sass white folks." Them carpet-baggers starts all the trouble at 'lections in Reconstruction. Niggers didn't know anythin' 'bout politics. "Mos' the young niggers ain't usin' the education they got now. I's been here eighty years and still has to be showed and told by white folks.