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New Wellfield Along the Willimantic River

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New Wellfield Along the Willimantic River 10.0 EVALUATION OF NEW WELLFIELD(S) ALONG THE WILLIMANTIC RIVER 10.1 ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBILITY Unlike an interconnection with an established supply source, the development of a new groundwater source cannot be evaluated with respect to existing available water. Instead, the ability to develop a particular yield from a new groundwater source is dependent upon available historical information from borings, monitoring wells, and site-specific studies. This data has been complied for each of four potential wellfields along the Willimantic River, two near Mansfield Depot (MD-1 and MD-3) and two near Eagleville Preserve (EP-4 and EP-5). Included in this assessment is recent work undertaken by the Town of Mansfield to analyze a number of potential groundwater sources along the Willimantic River. As summary of locations follows: Alternative #6A is potential wellfield MD-1, located on private property south of Route 44. Most of this property is currently used for agriculture. Alternative #6B is potential wellfield MD-3 located in River Park. The site is owned by the Town of Mansfield and is currently used for recreation. Alternative #6C is potential wellfield EP-4, located in the State-owned northern portion of Eagleville Preserve. This area is currently forested wetland. Alternative #6D is potential wellfield EP-5, located in the southern portion of Eagleville Preserve owned by the Town of Mansfield. 10.1.1 POTENTIAL WELLFIELDS NEAR MANSFIELD DEPOT (MD-1 & MD-3) A number of historic and more recent publications have analyzed potential groundwater aquifers in the Mansfield Depot area. These are briefly summarized below. 1960s era USGS Water Resource Bulletin The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) report entitled Water Resources Inventory of Connecticut, Part 2 – Shetucket River Basin (1967) shows that the aquifer beneath the Willimantic River consists of coarse-grained stratified drift at the proposed well site (Plate B). This information was supported by the logs for two wells and two test holes along Route 44 in Mansfield Depot. One of the test holes was located on the parcel for MD-1, but no information was directly realized in the vicinity of MD-3 (Plate A). The mapped area is relatively wide and encompasses much of the river valley from the railroad tracks (to the northeast) southwest across the river in Coventry. The mapped saturated thickness at MD-1 reportedly exceeds 40 feet (Plate B), with a thicker area that exceeds 80 feet located immediately east of the parcel. The mapped saturated thickness at MD-3 reportedly exceeds 40 feet (Plate B). Based on the mapping near each site, the average permeability of the deposits in the saturated section may range from 530 to 4,700 gallons per day per square foot (gpd/ft2), equivalent to a University of Connecticut - Potential Sources of Water Supply CEPA Environmental Impact Evaluation November 2012 10-1 hydraulic conductivity range from 71 feet per day (ft/d) to 630 ft/d. Thick areas are believed capable of yielding more than 100 gpm to drilled screened wells (Plate B). 1978 Ground Water Availability Map The 1978 Ground Water Availability in Connecticut map produced by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP, formerly DEP) in cooperation with the USGS shows that the vicinity of the proposed well sites is underlain by coarse-grained stratified drift capable of yielding moderate to large amounts of water (50 to 2,000 gpm). 1986 Stratified Drift-Areas in Connecticut Map The 1986 USGS Ground-Water Yields for Selected Stratified-Drift Areas in Connecticut map shows that the potential well sites are located in a stratified-drift area with a saturated thickness greater than 10 feet and thought to be capable of yielding moderate to large amounts of groundwater. The estimated long-term yield of the aquifer in this location is 3.5 million gallons per day (mgd) and assumes a distribution of approximately four wells per square mile of aquifer area (which stretches from Merrow to downstream of Route 275), including the Willimantic River Wellfield. Thus, the map suggests that an additional 1.5 mgd could be realized from the Willimantic River aquifer in the vicinity of MD-1 and MD-3. 2005 USGS Surficial Geology Mapping The surficial geology at MD-1 is mapped on the 2005 Quaternary Geologic Map of Connecticut as floodplain alluvium overlying sand overlying fines. The depositional environment near MD-1 includes postglacial deposits from the Holocene epoch. The mapped area is bounded between the river and the next property located to the east at the terminus of Depot Road. The area surrounding the floodplain alluvium in Mansfield Depot and Coventry is mapped as sand and gravel overlying sand overlying fines (“Upper Willimantic River Deposits” resulting from a related series of sediment dammed ponds). The stratified drift deposits continue upstream and downstream along the river valley. The surficial geology at MD-3 is mapped on the 2005 Quaternary Geologic Map of Connecticut as sand that formed stream terrace deposits. The depositional environment includes early postglacial deposits from the late Wisconsinan period and early Holocene epoch. The mapped area is bounded between the river and the railroad tracks and appears associated with the upper end of Eagleville Lake; the area north of the tracks is mapped as sand and gravel overlying sand overlying fines (Upper Willimantic River Deposits resulting from a related series of sediment dammed ponds), while the area near the Willimantic River is mapped as floodplain alluvium overlying sand overlying fines (post glacial, Holocene deposits). The stratified-drift deposits continue upstream and downstream along the river valley. Floodplain alluvium is mapped at the existing Willimantic River Wellfield, and the depositional environments of the various areas are similar. However, the presence of fines at depth suggests that yields may be lower elsewhere along the river than they are at the Willimantic River Wellfield. University of Connecticut - Potential Sources of Water Supply CEPA Environmental Impact Evaluation November 2012 10-2 2008 Surficial Aquifer Potential Mapping The 2008 Surficial Aquifer Potential Map of Connecticut compiled by the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey in cooperation with the CT DEEP shows that the proposed well sites are located in an area mapped as “Other Glacial Meltwater Deposits with lower potential yield.” This suggests a relatively heterogeneous mix of stratified-drift deposits are located near the sites, with limited banding of coarse-grained, water-bearing materials. The data on this map was reprinted from the 1992 Surficial Materials map released by the USGS. Department of Consumer Protection Private Well Logs Well logs for private wells in Mansfield were obtained from the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection for the period 1970 through 2010. While overburden stratigraphy on such logs is generally poor, the depths to bedrock on these logs can provide an excellent overview of bedrock elevations in the area. Logs found to be in the vicinity of the proposed well site were mapped in ArcGIS when reasonable accuracy was possible. Thirteen wells and test holes were mapped in the vicinity of the proposed well sites (including those mapped by the USGS in the 1960s-era Water Resources Bulletin). The logs for private wells located on Route 44 and Depot Road upstream of the proposed well site demonstrate depths to bedrock that ranged from 20 feet to 120 feet, with greater depths realized on the hill adjacent to the large area of till mapped northeast of the railroad tracks in Mansfield Depot. Table 10.1-1 compares topographic elevations from the State of Connecticut LiDAR two-foot topographic map contours with the depths to bedrock at the five closest well logs to the proposed well site within the stratified drift. The comparison of topographic elevations and depths to bedrock allow for a rough estimate of bedrock elevation to be determined. Note that “Ms 9th" is the USGS test boring performed at MD-1. Table 10.1-1 Mansfield Depot Boring Descriptions Topographic Depth to Bedrock Well ID Location Stratigraphy Elevation Bedrock Elevation 285 Topsoil to 4’, gravel to 10’, Route 44 near Ms 9th (depth to 51 234 medium sand to 34’, then Willimantic River water 3.7’) compact sand and gravel (till?) 29 Middle Turnpike 62072 309 119 190 Gravel, sand (Route 44) Route 44 (Old Post 3560 322 35 287 Sandy topsoil to 10’, then clay Office Near RR Depot) 43537 82 Depot Road 315 23 292 Hardpan Boulders and coarse gravel to E. Dunham Memorial 14630 314 106 208 20’, fine sand to 95 feet, then Church (Depot Road) boulders and gravel The topographic elevations of MD-1 and MD-3 are approximately 285 feet. Based on the available information, it can be expected that bedrock will be at an elevation no higher than 240 feet at each potential well site, and may be as deep as 190 feet in elevation. This will provide an approximate depth to bedrock range of 45 to 95 feet at each site. The normal river elevation in Eagleville Lake University of Connecticut - Potential Sources of Water Supply CEPA Environmental Impact Evaluation November 2012 10-3 is approximately 277 feet (as shown on the 1997 USGS Topographic Map). Assuming groundwater levels are slightly higher (280 feet) at the potential well sites, a saturated thickness of at least 40 feet is likely at the potential well sites. Note that Ms 9th showed till-like sand and gravel at elevations below 251 feet. Thus, the saturated thickness of higher-yielding stratified materials may be as little as 30 feet at potential well site MD-1. Based on the above information, the aquifer at the MD-1 and MD-3 sites will likely have approximately 30 feet of saturated thickness of non-compact material consisting primarily of medium sand.
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