NOTÍCIAS DO FRONT Canais Do Brasil, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido E Alemanha Cobrem a Guerra Ao Terrorismo Oferecendo Diferentes Visões Dos Acontecimentos

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NOTÍCIAS DO FRONT Canais Do Brasil, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido E Alemanha Cobrem a Guerra Ao Terrorismo Oferecendo Diferentes Visões Dos Acontecimentos NET11_032a033_guerra 13/12/01 1:00 PM Page 32 Telejornalismo NOTÍCIAS DO FRONT Canais do Brasil, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Alemanha cobrem a guerra ao terrorismo oferecendo diferentes visões dos acontecimentos Alexandre Maron [email protected] Reuters uando os Estados Uni- dos atacaram o Iraque Q em 1991, a TV paga ain- da engatinhava no Bra- sil, e todos se informavam por meio dos canais abertos em busca de notícias. Exa- tos dez anos depois, quando acontece a campanha contra o terrorismo da alian- ça liderada pelos norte-americanos no Afeganistão, o espectador tem diversas opções de qualidade para acompanhar as notícias da guerra. São cinco canais de notícias 24 horas na NET: a Globo News, a BBC World, as CNNs International e Español e o canal alemão Deutsche Welle. E cada um apre- senta a guerra, embora com isenção, de ATUALIDADE um ponto de vista particular, ligado às suas raízes históricas e culturais. A cobertura iniciada com os choques dos aviões contra o Pentágono e as tor- res do World Trade Center, no dia 11 de setembro do ano passado, se complicou nas semanas seguintes com a busca por Osama Bin Laden e os líderes do Al Qae- da, escondidos no Afeganistão. Os ca- nais precisaram situar os espectadores em uma nova ordem política mundial. “A Globo News refletiu esse novo mo- mento nas relações internacionais. De- mos o máximo de subsídios para que o assinante formasse sua opinião. Vários programas do canal analisaram os fa- tos desta guerra”, explica Rosa Maga- lhães, diretora da Globo News. Os canais de notícias em geral en- frentaram o desafio de informar e re- fletir sobre os acontecimentos. Assim, dedicaram praticamente toda sua pro- gramação a falar da guerra. Na opinião do professor Samuel Feldberg, do Nú- cleo de Pesquisas em Relações Interna- cionais da USP, a missão não é fácil. “A TV sempre corre o risco de cair no simplismo. Mas os programas da Globo News são muito bons, com destaque pa- ra o do William Waack, o ‘Painel’, que Ao lado de armamentos, soldados rezam na província de Kunduz, no Afeganistão traz análises diferenciadas e profundas. 32 • NET TV NET11_032a033_guerra 13/12/01 1:00 PM Page 33 Já a CNN acaba sendo superficial, por- que o povo americano não entende os Gamma acontecimentos, não sabe nem onde fi- ca o Afeganistão. A BBC, por sua vez, foi muito bem ao manter a neutralidade mesmo com o governo britânico aderin- do à causa americana. Além disso, as aná- lises da BBC são mais densas”, analisa. “A BBC é muito consistente. E a Deuts- che Welle traz reportagens com o olhar diferenciado dos alemães”, afirma Má- rio Andrada e Silva, diretor editorial da agência de notícias Reuters no Brasil. “Nós trazemos nossa perspectiva dos assuntos internacionais”, diz a editora Magdalena Metker, da Deutsche Welle, O correspondente Nic Robertson, da CNN, grava reportagem no Afeganistão que, além do alemão, apresenta progra- mas em espanhol e inglês. de global de TVs, rádios e sites, com re- “World News” • segunda a O noticiário de guerra é sempre um pórteres no mundo todo, está sempre sexta, 21h; sábado, 20h; esforço enorme para qualquer emisso- pronta. “Temos gente em tantos lugares domingo, 23h • CNN ra que precisa se preparar para cober- quanto possível para estar perto da notí- “Noticero CNN Internacional” turas longas e complicadas. Canais in- cia”, afirma o editor Steve Williams. segunda a sexta, 19h30 ternacionais como CNN e BBC World já A desafio agora é estar preparado pa- • CNN en Español tinham correspondentes no Afeganis- ra os desdobramentos da guerra. São reu- “Jornal das Dez” tão no dia do atentado, por conta de niões de cúpula modorrentas intercala- segunda a domingo, 22h outras resportagens. A Globo News res- das por batalhas em campos inóspitos. O • Globo News pondeu prontamente e conta com Pe- trabalho dos jornalistas tem sido difícil. “Painel”, com William Waack pe Escobar e Cristiana Mesquita. No início de dezembro, oito repórteres de sábados, 23h • Globo News “Estávamos no Afeganistão antes dos diversos países haviam sido assassinados. “World Focus” • segunda a ataques com o jornalista Nic Robertson. Para Rosa Magalhães, da Globo News, sexta e domingo, 22h30; Hoje temos, além dele, Christiane Aman- a cobertura não muda. “O que muda a sábados, 20h30 • BBC World pour, Ben Wedeman e Harris Whitbeck. cada fato é a grade de programação. Ao “Journal” São 85 pessoas, entre técnicos e repórte- acontecer um fato importante, amarra- segunda a domingo, 20h res”, explica Eason Jordan, presidente de mos tudo ao vivo, sem intervalos, com • Deutsche Welle apuração global de informações da CNN. entrevistas, repercussões, análise. Isso “Europa Semanal” • sextas, A BBC World, por ser parte de uma re- é fazer jornalismo 24 horas”, conclui. 23h30 • Deutsche Welle Na guerra na TV, quem sofre é a diversidade Hélio Guimarães Dizem que, na guerra, a primeira ror. Já a BBC World falava na neces- momentosa. O diferencial vem de de- vítima é a verdade. Na guerra televi- sidade de reconstruir o país ao utili- bates e entrevistas com especialistas sionada, a diversidade também é das zar a vinheta “Batalha pelo Afeganis- locais, que às vezes soa forçado dada primeiras a capitular. Nos momentos tão”, indicando a ênfase da televisão a distância que separa o Brasil do tea- mais agudos da crise internacional, os britânica nos esforços diplomáticos e tro de operações. O canal de notícias canais de notícias mostram homoge- humanitários em vez de mostrar a 24 horas depende em grande parte do neidade nas coberturas, revelando a campanha como um revide aos ata- material que chega via agências in- enorme concentração do controle so- ques de 11 de setembro. ternacionais. bre a informação. Mas, se a aparên- A alemã Deutsche Welle situa o No panorama em que impera a re- cia é quase a mesma, as abordagens Afeganistão no contexto geral da Ásia, petição, não surpreende que a reve- trazem diferenças sutis. do Oriente Médio e da Europa. Com lação entre os canais noticiosos é a A CNN en Español tratava a guer- abordagens mais, digamos, antropo- emissora Al-Jazeera, do Qatar, com ra como “contraataque al terrorismo” lógicas, procurando compreender as seu acesso exclusivo aos “vilões”. e a CNN International alternava as vi- populações árabes, não completamen- nhetas “Guerra no Afeganistão” e te reduzidas a uma massa inimiga. Hélio Guimarães é jornalista, doutor “Guerra contra o Terror”, sugerindo a Entre nós, a Globo News acrescen- em Teoria Literária pela Unicamp e equivalência entre Afeganistão e ter- tou pouco no que se refere à notícia ex-crítico de TV do jornal “Valor” JANEIRO de 2002 • 33.
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