DOCSLIB.ORG

Russian and Soviet Sociolinguistics and Taboo Varieties of the Russian Language (Argot, Jargon, Slang and "Mat")

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 205 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Wilhelm von Timroth Russian and Soviet Sociolinguistics and Taboo Varieties of the Russian Language (Argot, Jargon, Slang and "Mat") Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbH. Wilhelm von Timroth - 9783954792337 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 S l a v is t ic h e B eiträge BEGRÜNDET VON ALOIS SCHMAUS HERAUSGEGEBEN VON HEINRICH KUNSTMANN ־ JOHANNES HOLTHUSEN t PETER REHDER ■ JOSEF SCHRENK REDAKTION PETER REHDER Band 205 VERLAG OTTO SAGNER MÜNCHEN Wilhelm von Timroth - 9783954792337 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 WILHELM VON TIMROTH RUSSIAN AND SOVIET SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND TABOO VARIETIES OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (Argot, Jargon, Slang and ” Mat” ) Revised and Enlarged Edition Translated into English by Nortrud Gupta VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1986 Wilhelm von Timroth - 9783954792337 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 B ayerische ־Stftfttsb 1b I iothoK München ISBN 3-87690-355-6 & Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1986 Abteilung der Firma Kubon & Sagner, München Wilhelm von Timroth - 9783954792337 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 FOREWORD This thesis is the result of eight years' work on поп-literary varieties of the Russian language. I have included only part of all the literature I analysed and the linguistic data I collected. Since I wanted to stick to essentials, a careful selection has been necessary, however difficult. No attempt has been made at lexicographical completeness. One of my main difficulties has been to obtain linguistic material. This problem never left me during the entire period of eight years and was further complicated by the geographical distance between Munich and the Soviet Union, and by the unfavourable conditions for travel to that country. Further complications arose because certain Soviet dissertations and relevant dictionaries were not obtainable, even in the Soviet Union. In spite of these odds I managed to compile a list of the most common non-llterary words, and also some less common ones, filling more than 4.000 index cards. Researching particular Russian linguistic varieties has yielded a lot of Information on the life and thoughts of the Soviet people, which no amateur or a linguist exclusively concerned with the literary language could ever have obtained. Many people have, knowingly or unknowingly, helped me in collecting my linguistic material: Soviet labourers, skilled workers, technicians, engi- neers, employees, scientific workers, teachers, professors and a member of the Academy, but also school children, students, musicians, drug addicts, ex-convicts, acquaintances and friends. The task was lightened by my long experience as a translator and interpreter and the professional con- nections with Soviet citizens resulting from it. I am indebted to them all. I also wish to thank my friends and acquaintances Igor Jassenjawskij, W. J.. M. M. and Ljuda, to whom I greatly indebted, as well as my uncle Michael von Tlmroth (Virkby, Finland) and many more whose names cannot be mentioned here. Especially heartfelt thanks to my FRIEND who advised me on many questions and often established the necessary contacts with linguistically interesting groups of people. From the very beginning he took a close personal Interest in my work. Prof. Dr. Josef Schrenk, who supervised my dissertation with great patience, interest and understanding, has been to me theWilhelm ideal von "Doktorva-Timroth - 9783954792337 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 I vi ter”. (My dissertation was accepted in the winter term of 1982/83 by the Philosophical Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich.) I am sincerely grateful to him. I also want to thank Frau A. Nitschke, M.A., Frau Ch. Cless, M.A., and Dr. G. Leikauf, all of whom took on the hard task of proof-reading, and Prof. Dr. P. Rehder, who kindly arranged for this dissertation to be Included in the series "Slavistische Beiträge". But all these efforts would have come to nought without the gener- ous and untiring help of my parents, Peter and Tatjana von Timroth. They deserve my deepest gratitude. Munich, March 1983 Wilhelm von Timroth Wilhelm von Timroth - 9783954792337 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 vii Foreword to the English Edition I am grateful that my doctoral dissertation has been well received, not only among specialists but also in non-academic circles. The English ver- sion contains some minor alterations and additions based on suggestions made by reviewers and readers of the German text and on a few acciden- tal discoveries. The bibliography has been augmented by a number of ti- ties to which I had access or which were published only after the German manuscript had gone into print. In addition, the register now Includes a list of Russian linguistic and other special terms. One reviewer noticed the absence of Flegon’s dictionary, which I had not included in the bibli- ography because I had not directly used it as source material. This well- known work has been included here. Apart from these changes the original text has remained unaltered, although I do realize that a few of the chapters could have been further elaborated. The first initiative for the English translation came from Mrs. Nor- trud Gupta, M.A., of Bangalore, India. She not only conceived the idea, but also carried it out with a will. I am indebted to her for all she has done for me in this connection, not least of all for the great patience the translation demanded of her. I wish again to thank Professor Peter Rehder and Profeseor Josef Schrenk and my publisher Otto Sagner, who arranged for the English edi- tion to be Included in the series "Slavistische Beiträge". I am also grateful to Dr. Jeremy S. Roth and Mrs. Carol S. Garrett, who proof-read the English manuscript. Last but not least I would like to thank Wilhelm Braunschober of GSE Software Engineering. Ltd., Munich, for having developed a Russian sorting program which can also be Implemented for other languages, and which he coordinated with my "euroscript" word processing program. Mr. Braunscho- ber's program greatly facilitated the compilation of the register. The text was printed out on a NEC Pinwriter P5. Munich, November 1986 W. v. T. Wilhelm von Timroth - 9783954792337 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 vii! TABLE OP CONTENTS FOREWORD V INTRODUCTION 1 1- Definition of Subject 1 2. Objective and Plan of Thesis 3 A. RESEARCH ON RUSSIAN ARGOTS AND JARGONS 6 I. Pre-Revolutionary Research 6 II. Post-Revolutionary Research 12 1. The Sociological Period 12 2. The Period of Marr and Stalin 27 3. The Stalin Period 39 4. The Period After Stalin and Today 40 B. DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS AND PROBLEMS OF TERMINOLOGY 59 I. General Remarks 59 II. Varieties of Russian 60 1. Social Dialects 60 2. Social Speech Styles 62 3• Artificial Languages 63 a) Conventional Languages (Argots) 63 b) Secret Languages 65 4. Argot and Jargon 66 5. P r o s to r e ã ie 72 6. Colloquial Language 77 7. Slang 79 84 ״ Mat” .8 C. TABOO VARIETIES OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE 88 I. Summary of Linguistic Taboo Varieties 88 1• Reasons for the Taboo 93 2. D i s t r i b u t i o n 96 3. Usage 99 II. Volume of Vocabulary 105 1. Active and Passive Vocabulary 106 2• WilhelmFrequency von Timroth - 9783954792337 106 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 04:26:04AM via free access 00060819 |д D. EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY ....................................................................... 107 I . B orrow ing ................................................................................................. 107 1. Loan Words ....................................................................................... 107 a) E n g lish ....................................................................................... 107 b) German ......................................................................................... 108 c) Y id d ish ....................................................................................... 109 d) I t a l i a n ....................................................................................... 109 e) F rench ......................................................................................... 109 £) F in n is h ....................................................................................... 109 g) O th er Languages .................................................................. 110 2. A s s im ila tio n of Loan Words ............................................. 110 a) Phonetic and Stress Changes .................................. 110 b) Morphological and Semantic Changes ................ I l l aa) Change of number ..................................................... 112 bb) Change of word class .......................................... 112 cc) Change of c ase .........................................................
Recommended publications
  • Foreign Visitors and the Post-Stalin Soviet State

    Foreign Visitors and the Post-Stalin Soviet State

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 Porous Empire: Foreign Visitors And The oP st- Stalin Soviet State Alex Hazanov Hazanov University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Hazanov, Alex Hazanov, "Porous Empire: Foreign Visitors And The osP t-Stalin Soviet State" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2330. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2330 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2330 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Porous Empire: Foreign Visitors And The oP st-Stalin Soviet State Abstract “Porous Empire” is a study of the relationship between Soviet institutions, Soviet society and the millions of foreigners who visited the USSR between the mid-1950s and the mid-1980s. “Porous Empire” traces how Soviet economic, propaganda, and state security institutions, all shaped during the isolationist Stalin period, struggled to accommodate their practices to millions of visitors with material expectations and assumed legal rights radically unlike those of Soviet citizens. While much recent Soviet historiography focuses on the ways in which the post-Stalin opening to the outside world led to the erosion of official Soviet ideology, I argue that ideological attitudes inherited from the Stalin era structured institutional responses to a growing foreign presence in Soviet life. Therefore, while Soviet institutions had to accommodate their economic practices to the growing numbers of tourists and other visitors inside the Soviet borders and were forced to concede the existence of contact zones between foreigners and Soviet citizens that loosened some of the absolute sovereignty claims of the Soviet party-statem, they remained loyal to visions of Soviet economic independence, committed to fighting the cultural Cold War, and profoundly suspicious of the outside world.
  • Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome

    Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome

    Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome By Michael Robert St. Clair A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in German in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Irmengard Rauch, Chair Thomas F. Shannon Montgomery Slatkin Spring 2012 Abstract Germanic Origins from the Perspective of the Y-Chromosome by Michael Robert St. Clair Doctor of Philosophy in German University of California, Berkeley Irmengard Rauch, Chair This dissertation holds that genetic data are a useful tool for evaluating contemporary models of Germanic origins. The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and include among their major contemporary representatives English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic. Historically, the search for Germanic origins has sought to determine where the Germanic languages evolved, and why the Germanic languages are similar to and different from other European languages. Both archaeological and linguist approaches have been employed in this research direction. The linguistic approach to Germanic origins is split among those who favor the Stammbaum theory and those favoring language contact theory. Stammbaum theory posits that Proto-Germanic separated from an ancestral Indo-European parent language. This theoretical approach accounts for similarities between Germanic and other Indo- European languages by posting a period of mutual development. Germanic innovations, on the other hand, occurred in isolation after separation from the parent language. Language contact theory posits that Proto-Germanic was the product of language convergence and this convergence explains features that Germanic shares with other Indo-European languages.
  • The English Language

    The English Language

    The English Language Version 5.0 Eala ðu lareow, tæce me sum ðing. [Aelfric, Grammar] Prof. Dr. Russell Block University of Applied Sciences - München Department 13 – General Studies Winter Semester 2008 © 2008 by Russell Block Um eine gute Note in der Klausur zu erzielen genügt es nicht, dieses Skript zu lesen. Sie müssen auch die “Show” sehen! Dieses Skript ist der Entwurf eines Buches: The English Language – A Guide for Inquisitive Students. Nur der Stoff, der in der Vorlesung behandelt wird, ist prüfungsrelevant. Unit 1: Language as a system ................................................8 1 Introduction ...................................... ...................8 2 A simple example of structure ..................... ......................8 Unit 2: The English sound system ...........................................10 3 Introduction..................................... ...................10 4 Standard dialects ................................ ....................10 5 The major differences between German and English . ......................10 5.1 The consonants ................................. ..............10 5.2 Overview of the English consonants . ..................10 5.3 Tense vs. lax .................................. ...............11 5.4 The final devoicing rule ....................... .................12 5.5 The “th”-sounds ................................ ..............12 5.6 The “sh”-sound .................................. ............. 12 5.7 The voiced sounds / Z/ and / dZ / ...................................12 5.8 The
  • The Rev. Dr. Robert M. Roegner

    The Rev. Dr. Robert M. Roegner

    RLCMussiaS WORLD MISSIONandTOUR the Baltics May 22 - June 4, 2007 Hosted by The Rev. Dr. Robert & Kristi Roegner The Rev. Dr. William & Carol Diekelman The Rev. Brent & Jennie Smith 3 o c s o M , n i l m e r K e h t n a e r a u - S e R Dear Friends o. LCMS World Mission, One never knoIs Ihere and Ihen od Iill open a door for the ood NeIs of Jesus. /ith the fall of the Iron Curtain, od opened a door of huge opportunity in Russia and Eastern Europe. ,he collapse of European Communism also brought us in touch--and in partnership--Iith felloI Lutherans Iho by od's grace had remained steadfast in the faith through decades of persecuMOSCOWtion. ,oday, LCMS /orld Mission and its partners are AblaLe! as Ie seek to share the ospel Iith 100 million unreached or uncommitted people IorldIide by 2017, the 500th anniversary of the Reformation. I invite you to join me and my Iife, $risti, and LCMS First .ice President Bill Diekelman and his Iife, Carol, on a very special AblaLe! tour of Russia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Joining and guiding us Iill be LCMS /orld Mission's Eurasia regional director, Rev. Brent Smith, and his STIife, Jennie. PETERSBURG Not only Iill Ie visit some of the Iorld's most famous, historic, and grand sites, but you Iill have the rare opportunity to meet Iith LCMS missionaries and felloI Lutherans from our partner churches for a first-hand look at hoI od is using them to proclaim the ospel in a region once closed to us.
  • Member Directory

    Member Directory

    D DIRECTORY Member Directory ABOUT THE MOBILE MARKETING ASSOCIATION (MMA) Mobile Marketing Association Member Directory, Spring 2008 The Mobile Marketing Association (MMA) is the premier global non- profit association established to lead the development of mobile Mobile Marketing Association marketing and its associated technologies. The MMA is an action- 1670 Broadway, Suite 850 Denver, CO 80202 oriented organization designed to clear obstacles to market USA development, establish guidelines and best practices for sustainable growth, and evangelize the mobile channel for use by brands and Telephone: +1.303.415.2550 content providers. With more than 600 member companies, Fax: +1.303.499.0952 representing over forty-two countries, our members include agencies, [email protected] advertisers, handheld device manufacturers, carriers and operators, retailers, software providers and service providers, as well as any company focused on the potential of marketing via mobile devices. *Updated as of 31 May, 2008 The MMA is a global organization with regional branches in Asia Pacific (APAC); Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA); Latin America (LATAM); and North America (NA). About the MMA Member Directory The MMA Member Directory is the mobile marketing industry’s foremost resource for information on leading companies in the mobile space. It includes MMA members at the global, regional, and national levels. An online version of the Directory is available at http://www.mmaglobal.com/memberdirectory.pdf. The Directory is published twice each year. The materials found in this document are owned, held, or licensed by the Mobile Marketing Association and are available for personal, non-commercial, and educational use, provided that ownership of the materials is properly cited.
  • Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: a Comparison

    Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: a Comparison

    WELFARE REFORMS IN POST-SOVIET STATES: A COMPARISON OF SOCIAL BENEFITS REFORM IN RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN by ELENA MALTSEVA A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Elena Maltseva (2012) Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: A Comparison of Social Benefits Reform in Russia and Kazakhstan Elena Maltseva Doctor of Philosophy Political Science University of Toronto (2012) Abstract: Concerned with the question of why governments display varying degrees of success in implementing social reforms, (judged by their ability to arrive at coherent policy outcomes), my dissertation aims to identify the most important factors responsible for the stagnation of social benefits reform in Russia, as opposed to its successful implementation in Kazakhstan. Given their comparable Soviet political and economic characteristics in the immediate aftermath of Communism’s disintegration, why did the implementation of social benefits reform succeed in Kazakhstan, but largely fail in Russia? I argue that although several political and institutional factors did, to a certain degree, influence the course of social benefits reform in these two countries, their success or failure was ultimately determined by the capacity of key state actors to frame the problem and form an effective policy coalition that could further the reform agenda despite various political and institutional obstacles and socioeconomic challenges. In the case of Kazakhstan, the successful implementation of the social benefits reform was a result of a bold and skillful endeavour by Kazakhstani authorities, who used the existing conditions to justify the reform initiative and achieve the reform’s original objectives.
  • The for Ma Tion of the Self. Nietz Sche and Com Plex

    The for Ma Tion of the Self. Nietz Sche and Com Plex

    The Forma tion of the Self. Nietz sche and Complex ity Paul Cilliers,1 Tanya de Villiers and Vasti Roodt De part ment of Phi los o phy, Uni ver sity of Stellenbosch, Pri vate Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Af rica Ab stract: The purpose of this arti cle is to exam ine the rela ti on ship be tween the form a- tion of the self and the worldly ho rizon within which this self achieves its meaning. Our in quiry takes place from two per spec tives: the first de rived from the Nietzschean analy sis of how one becom es what one is; the other from current devel op m ents in com plexit y theory. This two-angled approach opens up differ ent, yet relat ed dim ensions of a non-essentialist un dersta nd - ing of the self that is nonethe les s nei ther arbi tra ry nor de ter minis ti c. Indeed, at the meet ing point of these two per spec tives on the self lies a concep ti on of a dynam ic, worldly self, whose iden tity is bound up with its ap pearance in a world shared with oth ers. Af ter exam ining this argu ment from the respec tive view points offered by Nietzsche and com plexit y theory, the arti cle con- cludes with a con sid er ation of some of the po lit i cal and eth i cal impli ca tions of repre sent ing our situatedness within a shared hum an dom ain as a con di- tion for self-formation.
  • Are You Eligible for the Senior Citizen Homeowner

    Are You Eligible for the Senior Citizen Homeowner

    Please read but do not submit with your application Homeowner Tax Benefits Initial Application Instructions for Tax Year 2018/19 Please note: If the property has a life estate, only the individual retaining the life estate can apply. If the property is held in a trust, only the qualifying beneficiary/trustee can apply. Are you eligible for the Senior Citizen Homeowner Exemption (SCHE)? • Will all owners be 65 years of age or older by December 31, 2018? n Yes n No OR • If you own your property with either a spouse or sibling, will at least one of you be 65 years of age or older by December 31, 2018? • Will you have owned this property for at least 12 consecutive months prior n Yes n No to the date of filing this application? • Is the property the primary residence for ALL senior owners and their spouses? n Yes n No (All owners must reside on the property unless they are legally separated, divorced, abandoned or residing in a health care facility.*) *If an owner is residing in a health care facility, please submit documentation including total cost of care at the facility. • Is the Total Combined Income (TCI) for all owners and spouses $37,399 or less, n Yes n No regardless of where they live? (The income of a spouse may be excluded if he or she is absent from the residence due to divorce, legal separation or abandonment.) If you have answered NO to any of these questions, you MAY NOT be eligible for the Senior Citizen Homeowner Exemption.
  • Eastern Finno-Ugrian Cooperation and Foreign Relations

    Eastern Finno-Ugrian Cooperation and Foreign Relations

    UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Eastern Finno-Ugrian cooperation and foreign relations Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gc7x938 Journal Nationalities Papers, 29(1) ISSN 0090-5992 Author Taagepera, R Publication Date 2001-04-24 DOI 10.1080/00905990120036457 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Nationalities Papers, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2001 EASTERN FINNO-UGRIAN COOPERATION AND FOREIGN RELATIONS Rein Taagepera Britons and Iranians do not wax poetic when they discover that “one, two, three” sound vaguely similar in English and Persian. Finns and Hungarians at times do. When I speak of “Finno-Ugrian cooperation,” I am referring to a linguistic label that joins peoples whose languages are so distantly related that in most world contexts it would evoke no feelings of kinship.1 Similarities in folk culture may largely boil down to worldwide commonalities in peasant cultures at comparable technological stages. The racial features of Estonians and Mari may be quite disparate. Limited mutual intelligibility occurs only within the Finnic group in the narrow sense (Finns, Karelians, Vepsians, Estonians), the Permic group (Udmurts and Komi), and the Mordvin group (Moksha and Erzia). Yet, despite this almost abstract foundation, the existence of a feeling of kinship is very real. Myths may have no basis in fact, but belief in myths does occur. Before denigrating the beliefs of indigenous and recently modernized peoples as nineteenth-century relics, the observer might ask whether the maintenance of these beliefs might serve some functional twenty-first-century purpose. The underlying rationale for the Finno-Ugrian kinship beliefs has been a shared feeling of isolation among Indo-European and Turkic populations.
  • Similarities and Differences Between Simultaneous and Successive Bilingual Children: Acquisition of Japanese Morphology

    Similarities and Differences Between Simultaneous and Successive Bilingual Children: Acquisition of Japanese Morphology

    International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature E-ISSN: 2200-3452 & P-ISSN: 2200-3592 www.ijalel.aiac.org.au Similarities and Differences between Simultaneous and Successive Bilingual Children: Acquisition of Japanese Morphology Yuki Itani-Adams1, Junko Iwasaki2, Satomi Kawaguchi3* 1ANU College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia 2School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford Street, Mt Lawley WA 6050, Australia 3School of Humanities and Communication Arts, Western Sydney University, Bullecourt Ave, Milperra NSW 2214, Australia Corresponding Author: Satomi Kawaguchi , E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history This paper compares the acquisition of Japanese morphology of two bilingual children who had Received: June 14, 2017 different types of exposure to Japanese language in Australia: a simultaneous bilingual child Accepted: August 14, 2017 who had exposure to both Japanese and English from birth, and a successive bilingual child Published: December 01, 2017 who did not have regular exposure to Japanese until he was six years and three months old. The comparison is carried out using Processability Theory (PT) (Pienemann 1998, 2005) as a Volume: 6 Issue: 7 common framework, and the corpus for this study consists of the naturally spoken production Special Issue on Language & Literature of these two Australian children. The results show that both children went through the same Advance access: September 2017 developmental path in their acquisition of the Japanese morphological structures, indicating that the same processing mechanisms are at work for both types of language acquisition. However, Conflicts of interest: None the results indicate that there are some differences between the two children, including the rate Funding: None of acquisition, and the kinds of verbal morphemes acquired.
  • The Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler

    The Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler

    The Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler Official guidelines and script for the V-Day 2004 College Campaign Available by special arrangement with Dramatists Play Service, Inc. To order copies of the beautiful, bound acting edition of the script of “The Vagina Monologues” (the original – slightly different from the V-Day version of the script) for memento purposes, to sell at your event, or for use in theatre or other classes or workshops, please contact: Customer Service DRAMATISTS PLAY SERVICE, INC. 440 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016 Telephone: 212-683-8960, Fax: 212-213-1539 You may also order the acting edition online at www.dramatists.com. Ask for: Book title: The Vagina Monologues ISBN: 0-8222-1772-4 Price: $5.95 Be sure to mention that you represent the V-Day College Campaign. DRAMATISTS PLAY SERVICE, INC. Representing the American theatre by publishing and licensing the works of new and established playwrights. For more than 65 years Dramatists Play Service, Inc. has provided the finest plays by both established writers and new playwrights of exceptional promise. Formed in 1936 by a number of prominent playwrights and theatre agents, Dramatists Play Service, Inc. was created to foster opportunity and provide support for playwrights by publishing acting editions of their plays and handling the nonprofessional and professional leasing rights to these works. Dramatists Play Service, Inc. has grown steadily to become one of the premier play-licensing agencies in the English speaking theatre. Offering an extensive list of titles, including a preponderance of the most significant American plays of the past half-century, Dramatists Play Service, Inc.
  • Part 1: Introduction to The

    Part 1: Introduction to The

    PREVIEW OF THE IPA HANDBOOK Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet PARTI Introduction to the IPA 1. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet? The aim of the International Phonetic Association is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. For both these it is necessary to have a consistent way of representing the sounds of language in written form. From its foundation in 1886 the Association has been concerned to develop a system of notation which would be convenient to use, but comprehensive enough to cope with the wide variety of sounds found in the languages of the world; and to encourage the use of thjs notation as widely as possible among those concerned with language. The system is generally known as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Both the Association and its Alphabet are widely referred to by the abbreviation IPA, but here 'IPA' will be used only for the Alphabet. The IPA is based on the Roman alphabet, which has the advantage of being widely familiar, but also includes letters and additional symbols from a variety of other sources. These additions are necessary because the variety of sounds in languages is much greater than the number of letters in the Roman alphabet. The use of sequences of phonetic symbols to represent speech is known as transcription. The IPA can be used for many different purposes. For instance, it can be used as a way to show pronunciation in a dictionary, to record a language in linguistic fieldwork, to form the basis of a writing system for a language, or to annotate acoustic and other displays in the analysis of speech.