Seamless Public Transport for All
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Seamless Public Transport for All Proceedings of a Joint Seminar held in Paris, France on 6 March 2012 Seamless Public Transport for All Proceedings of a Joint Seminar held in Paris, France on 6 March 2012 INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM The International Transport Forum at the OECD is an intergovernmental organisation with 54 member countries. It acts as a strategic think tank with the objective of helping shape the transport policy agenda on a global level and ensuring that it contributes to economic growth, environmental protection, social inclusion and the preservation of human life and well-being. The International Transport Forum organises an annual summit of Ministers along with leading representatives from industry civil society and academia. The International Transport Forum was created under Declaration issued by the Council of Ministers of the ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport) at its Ministerial Session in May 2006. Under the legal authority of the Protocol of the ECMT, signed in Brussels on 17 October 1953, and legal instruments of the OECD. The Members of the Forum are: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, FYROM, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and the United States. The International Transport Forum’s Research Centre gathers statistics and conducts co-operative research programmes addressing all modes of transport. It findings are widely disseminated and support policymaking in Member countries as well as contributing to the annual summit. Further information about the International Transport Forum is available at www.internationaltransportforum.org This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. FOREWORD – 5 FOREWORD The Joint International Transport Forum (ITF) / Korea Transport Institute (KOTI) Seminar on Seamless Public Transport took place in the OECD Conference Centre, in Paris on 6 March 2012. The theme of the Joint Seminar, Seamless Public Transport for All, was decided in order to contribute to the theme of the 2012 ITF Summit, Seamless Transport. The Joint Seminar consisted of three sessions as: Session 1: Seamless public transport strategy for national perspectives Session 2: Better network design for seamless public transport operation Session 3: New technology to facilitate seamless transport operation. Two presentations were made in each session, one from Korea and the other from Europe, together with panel discussions. The presentation slides are available on the ITF website (www.internationaltransportforum.org). SEAMLESS PUBLIC TRANSPORT FOR ALL © OECD/ITF 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Seamless public transport strategy for national perspectives ..................................................... 9 1.2 Better network design for seamless public transport operation .................................................. 9 1.3 New technology to facilitate seamless transport operation .......................................................10 1.4 Main discussions .......................................................................................................................10 PART I: SEAMLESS PUBLIC TRANSPORT STRATEGY FOR NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ..................................................................................13 2. ONE NATION, ONE SEAMLESS PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM ...................................15 2.1 Necessity for Building an Integrated Nationwide Public Transport System (One Nation, One Transport City) .............................................................................................15 2.2 Directions and goals of nationwide public transport integration ...............................................20 2.3 Implementation directions and tasks by sector ..........................................................................21 2.4 Physical integration: expansion of public transport facilities and their integrated operation ....................................................................................................22 2.5 Fare integration: integrated fare system for public transport .....................................................23 2.6 Information integration: building an integrated public transport information system ....................................................................................................................24 2.7 Institutional integration: launching an integrated public transport operation agency ........................................................................................................................24 2.8 Expected effects of nationwide public transport integration .....................................................25 3. SMART PUBLIC TRANSPORT TICKETING ACROSS THE NATION: DUTCH EXPERIENCE ...............................................................................................................27 3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................27 3.2 The strip ticket system ...............................................................................................................28 3.3 Context of the smart card project ..............................................................................................29 3.4 Learning from practical experience and by experimentation ....................................................30 3.5 The rolling out programme and field trials ................................................................................31 3.6. Features of the Dutch smart card ...............................................................................................32 3.7 Cost-benefit analysis of the Smart Card Project ........................................................................35 3.8 Actual experience and current state of play ...............................................................................39 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................41 SEAMLESS PUBLIC TRANSPORT FOR ALL © OECD/ITF 2013 8 – TABLE OF CONTENTS PART II: BETTER NETWORK DESIGN FOR SEAMLESS PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATION ............................................................................................43 4. PHYSICAL INTEGRATION OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NETWORK ...................................................................................................................................45 4.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................45 4.2 Status-quo of current public transportation network .................................................................47 4.3 Concept and directions for physical integration ........................................................................48 4.4 Korea’s model for physical integration .....................................................................................50 4.5 Stepwise tasks and implementation measures ...........................................................................54 4.6 Conclusion and recommendations .............................................................................................55 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................56 5. KEY FACTORS OF NETWORK DESIGN FOR SEAMLESS, INTRA-REGIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT ...........................................................................57 5.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................57 5.2 Simplicity and ease of use .........................................................................................................58 5.3 The network effect and connectivity .........................................................................................62 5.4 Optimal frequency .....................................................................................................................68 5.5 Speeding up the system .............................................................................................................71 5.6. Quality access for sustainable transport ....................................................................................75 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................79 APPENDIX ...........................................................................................................................................81