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The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
Sources for Genealogical Research at the Austrian War Archives in Vienna (Kriegsarchiv Wien)
SOURCES FOR GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH AT THE AUSTRIAN WAR ARCHIVES IN VIENNA (KRIEGSARCHIV WIEN) by Christoph Tepperberg Director of the Kriegsarchiv 1 Table of contents 1. The Vienna War Archives and its relevance for genealogical research 1.1. A short history of the War Archives 1.2. Conditions for doing genealogical research at the Kriegsarchiv 2. Sources for genealogical research at the Kriegsarchiv 2. 1. Documents of the military administration and commands 2. 2. Personnel records, and records pertaining to personnel 2.2.1. Sources for research on military personnel of all ranks 2.2.2. Sources for research on commissioned officers and military officials 3. Using the Archives 3.1. Regulations for using personnel records 3.2. Visiting the Archives 3.3. Written inquiries 3.4. Professional researchers 4. Relevant publications 5. Sources for genealogical research in other archives and institutions 5.1. Sources for genealogical research in other departments of the Austrian State Archives 5.2. Sources for genealogical research in other Austrian archives 5.3. Sources for genealogical research in archives outside of Austria 5.3.1. The provinces of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and its “successor states” 5.3.2. Sources for genealogical research in the “successor states” 5.4. Additional points of contact and practical hints for genealogical research 2 1. The Vienna War Archives and its relevance for genealogical research 1.1. A short history of the War Archives Today’s Austrian Republic is a small country, but from 1526 to 1918 Austria was a great power, we can say: the United States of Middle and Southeastern Europe. -
BULGARIA and HUNGARY in the FIRST WORLD WAR: a VIEW from the 21ST CENTURY 21St -Century Studies in Humanities
BULGARIA AND HUNGARY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY 21st -Century Studies in Humanities Editor: Pál Fodor Research Centre for the Humanities Budapest–Sofia, 2020 BULGARIA AND HUNGARY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY Editors GÁBOR DEMETER CSABA KATONA PENKA PEYKOVSKA Research Centre for the Humanities Budapest–Sofia, 2020 Technical editor: Judit Lakatos Language editor: David Robert Evans Translated by: Jason Vincz, Bálint Radó, Péter Szőnyi, and Gábor Demeter Lectored by László Bíró (HAS RCH, senior research fellow) The volume was supported by theBulgarian–Hungarian History Commission and realized within the framework of the project entitled “Peripheries of Empires and Nation States in the 17th–20th Century Central and Southeast Europe. Power, Institutions, Society, Adaptation”. Supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences NKFI-EPR K 113004, East-Central European Nationalisms During the First World War NKFI FK 128 978 Knowledge, Lanscape, Nation and Empire ISBN: 978-963-416-198-1 (Institute of History – Research Center for the Humanities) ISBN: 978-954-2903-36-9 (Institute for Historical Studies – BAS) HU ISSN 2630-8827 Cover: “A Momentary View of Europe”. German caricature propaganda map, 1915. Published by the Research Centre for the Humanities Responsible editor: Pál Fodor Prepress preparation: Institute of History, RCH, Research Assistance Team Leader: Éva Kovács Cover design: Bence Marafkó Page layout: Bence Marafkó Printed in Hungary by Prime Rate Kft., Budapest CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................... 9 Zoltán Oszkár Szőts and Gábor Demeter THE CAUSES OF THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR I AND THEIR REPRESENTATION IN SERBIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY .................................. 25 Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics ISTVÁN TISZA’S POLICY TOWARDS THE GERMAN ALLIANCE AND AGAINST GERMAN INFLUENCE IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT WAR................................ -
Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-17-2021 Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War Sean Krummerich University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Krummerich, Sean, "Fuer Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Borevic, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War" (2021). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8808 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Für Kaiser und Heimat: Svetozar Boroević, South Slav Habsburg Nationalism, and the First World War by Sean Krummerich A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History College of Arts & Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Kees Boterbloem, Ph.D. Darcie Fontaine, Ph.D. J. Scott Perry, Ph.D. Golfo Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 30, 2021 Keywords: Serb, Croat, nationality, identity, Austria-Hungary Copyright © 2021, Sean Krummerich DEDICATION For continually inspiring me to press onward, I dedicate this work to my boys, John Michael and Riley. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the support of a score of individuals over more years than I would care to admit. First and foremost, my thanks go to Kees Boterbloem, Darcie Fontaine, Golfo Alexopoulos, and Scott Perry, whose invaluable feedback was crucial in shaping this work into what it is today. -
The Paper War
1 The Paper War Prologue What happened one hundred years ago, nearly to the day? Everybody in this room would know: The United States, in April 1917, finally terminated her official neutrality and declared war on Germany. What else? Only a few history buffs would know that the US did NOT declare war on Austria at the same time. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, however, severed diplomatic relations with Washington. Why? Dominating Berlin requested it. Significantly, Berlin had not followed Vienna when Rome had declared war on Austria in May 1915. Rome did that because of the secret London treaty concluded just weeks before in which the Allies promised rich harvest if Italy joins them. For another eight months (April-December 1917), the status in the relations between Washington and Vienna remained in limbo. Both warfaring countries seemed to be interested to keep things that way. Only when Italy suffered utter defeat from a gas attack of German and Austrian forces (Caporetto disaster) in November 1917 the US considered taking the next step. In the meantime President Wilson had not only installed a propaganda vehicle to explain the necessity of war with Germany to the public (Committee on Public Information) but he had also assembled a group of experts, mainly historians, to gather information about and from Europa. This circle called itself “The Inquiry” and later became part of the “American Commission to Negotiate Peace” in Paris. One thesis tonight: Not only was there no necessity for this “Austrian war”. We are also continuously looking at the wrong theatre of war. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
The Social History of the Soča/Isonzo Region in the First World War
89 Petra Svoljšak The social history of the Soča/Isonzo region in the First World War The Slovene soldiers1 Slovenian participation in the Great War (1914–1918) is a classical case study of how an ethni- cally defined community experienced and survived this war. The inhabitants of the provinces of Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, and the Littoral served (mostly) in the Austro-Hungarian army and assumed various roles characteristic of life in uniform – on all four fronts they became prisoners of war, deserters, and rebels. The Slovenes from the Slavia Veneta, citizens of the Kingdom of Italy, were mobilised into the Italian army, which also brought them to the Soča/Isonzo battlefield. Slovenian soldiers for many reasons also joined so-called volun- teer forces: Austro-Hungarian citizens of Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian nationality joined the Serbian army during the Balkan Wars to support the Serbian cause, and later, during World War I, to prevail in the struggle for the creation of a new Yugoslav state. In order to undermine Austria-Hungary’s strength both militarily and as a state, volunteer military units were gathered on the Italian-Austrian front under the command of the Slovenian Reserve Lieutenant Ljudevit Pivko, and for the same reason Slovenian (Yugoslav) volunteer troops were organised in North America. With 7.800.000 to 8.000.000 drafted men during World War I, Austria-Hungary ranked fifth among the belligerent countries, which had conscripted a total of 70 million soldiers. In peacetime, the Austro-Hungarian army kept 36.000 officers and 414.000 soldiers on the active list. -
Modernity, Horses, and History in Joseph Roth's Radetzkymarsch
This is a repository copy of Modernity, horses, and history in Joseph Roth’s Radetzkymarsch. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/105367/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Niland, R. and Murgatroyd, N.P. (2016) Modernity, horses, and history in Joseph Roth’s Radetzkymarsch. Literature and History, 25 (2). pp. 150-166. ISSN 0306-1973 https://doi.org/10.1177/0306197316667263 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Modernity, Horses, and History in Joseph Roth’s Radetzkymarsch In his 1938 sketch ‘Im Bistro nach Mitternacht’ [‘In the Bistro After Midnight’], Joseph Roth, chronicler of the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in his best-known novel Radetzkymarsch (1932), wrote of his nocturnal wanderings in the quarters of interwar Paris. -
Diplomarbeit
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Das Nationalitätenproblem der Österreichisch- Ungarischen Monarchie und das Völkermanifest als letzter Rettungsversuch durch Kaiser Karl und Maximilian Hussarek“ Verfasserin Elisabeth Haberl Angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, im Jänner 2011 Studienkennzahl lt.Studienblatt: A 312 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Geschichte Betreuer: Hon.Prof. Dr. Lorenz Mikoletzky 2 Das Nationalitätenproblem der Österreichisch- Ungarischen Monarchie und das Völkermanifest als letzter Rettungsversuch durch Kaiser Karl und Maximilian Hussarek Inhaltsverzeichnis 1.Vorwort ................................................................................................................. 5 2.Einleitung und Fragestellungen ............................................................................ 6 2.1.Militärische Probleme ..................................................................................... 6 2.2. Schwierigkeiten im Zivilleben ........................................................................ 7 2.3. Österreichische Politiker ............................................................................... 8 2.4. Fragestellungen ............................................................................................ 8 3. Das Nationalitätenproblem in der Habsburgermonarchie .................................... 9 3.1.Nationale Forderungen – Die „Deutschen“ in der -
Conrad Von Hötzendorf and the “Smoking Gun”: a Biographical Examination of Responsibility and Traditions of Violence Against Civilians in the Habsburg Army 55
1914: Austria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) Samuel R. Williamson, Jr. (Guest Editor) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 23 uno press innsbruck university press Copyright © 2014 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Design by Allison Reu Cover photo: “In enemy position on the Piave levy” (Italy), June 18, 1918 WK1/ALB079/23142, Photo Kriegsvermessung 5, K.u.k. Kriegspressequartier, Lichtbildstelle Vienna Cover photo used with permission from the Austrian National Library – Picture Archives and Graphics Department, Vienna Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608010264 ISBN: 9783902936356 uno press Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Ferdinand Karlhofer, Universität Innsbruck Assistant Editor Markus Habermann -
The United States, Great Britain, the First World
FROM ASSOCIATES TO ANTAGONISTS: THE UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN, THE FIRST WORLD WAR, AND THE ORIGINS OF WAR PLAN RED, 1914-1919 Mark C. Gleason, B.S. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2012 APPROVED: Geoffrey Wawro, Major-Professor Robert Citino, Committee Member Michael Leggiere, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History James D. Meernik, Acting Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Gleason, Mark C. From Associates to Antagonists: The United States, Great Britain, the First World War, and the Origins of WAR PLAN RED, 1914-1919. Master of Arts (History), May 2012, 178 pp., bibliography, 144 titles. American military plans for a war with the British Empire, first discussed in 1919, have received varied treatment since their declassification. The most common theme among historians in their appraisals of WAR PLAN RED is that of an oddity. Lack of a detailed study of Anglo- American relations in the immediate post-First World War years makes a right understanding of the difficult relationship between the United States and Britain after the War problematic. As a result of divergent aims and policies, the United States and Great Britain did not find the diplomatic and social unity so many on both sides of the Atlantic aspired to during and immediately after the First World War. Instead, United States’ civil and military organizations came to see the British Empire as a fierce and potentially dangerous rival, worthy of suspicion, and planned accordingly. Less than a year after the end of the War, internal debates and notes discussed and circulated between the most influential members of the United States Government, coalesced around a premise that became the rationale for WAR PLAN RED. -
The Last Prime Minister of Austria's Monarchy: Heinrich Lammasch on Democratization, Federalism and Peace
Humboldt Kolleg Hilton Garden Inn Hotel, Doamnei St. 12, Bucharest 18-22 November 2020 Global Challenges of the 21st Century 1) Technological development and human health/ quality of life 2) Climate change and environmental sustainability 3) Democracy and cohesion in Europe The Last Prime Minister of Austria’s Monarchy: Heinrich Lammasch on Democratization, Federalism and Peace The rule of law was shaken to the core during World War I; this left a deep memory of disappointment to all of those who believed in this legal principle. Similar things can be said about democracy. Political interest and military needs turned out to be by far more important than provisions by statutory and particularly constitutional law. As many other countries, Austria established a dictatorship. By the end of the war, it became clear that Austria would have to manage a delicate and complex political mission on many levels: it had to negotiate peace conditions with the Entente, caring that Austrian political interests might not be identical with those of its ally, the German Empire. Additionally, the transformation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into a new political entity had to be negotiated with lots of interest groups. The latter mission can probably be summarized as the attempt of a democratization of a highly undemocratic and authoritarian system. It is interesting that particularly one person had finally to manage that transformation. It was the Viennese Law Professor Heinrich Lammasch. Lammasch was at that time a “World Authority on International Law” as the New York Times put it in its obituary when he died in January 1920.