Date & Timestamp Guidelines
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Membrane: Operating System Support for Restartable File Systems Swaminathan Sundararaman, Sriram Subramanian, Abhishek Rajimwale, Andrea C
Membrane: Operating System Support for Restartable File Systems Swaminathan Sundararaman, Sriram Subramanian, Abhishek Rajimwale, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau, Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau, Michael M. Swift Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison Abstract and most complex code bases in the kernel. Further, We introduce Membrane, a set of changes to the oper- file systems are still under active development, and new ating system to support restartable file systems. Mem- ones are introduced quite frequently. For example, Linux brane allows an operating system to tolerate a broad has many established file systems, including ext2 [34], class of file system failures and does so while remain- ext3 [35], reiserfs [27], and still there is great interest in ing transparent to running applications; upon failure, the next-generation file systems such as Linux ext4 and btrfs. file system restarts, its state is restored, and pending ap- Thus, file systems are large, complex, and under develop- plication requests are serviced as if no failure had oc- ment, the perfect storm for numerous bugs to arise. curred. Membrane provides transparent recovery through Because of the likely presence of flaws in their imple- a lightweight logging and checkpoint infrastructure, and mentation, it is critical to consider how to recover from includes novel techniques to improve performance and file system crashes as well. Unfortunately, we cannot di- correctness of its fault-anticipation and recovery machin- rectly apply previous work from the device-driver litera- ery. We tested Membrane with ext2, ext3, and VFAT. ture to improving file-system fault recovery. File systems, Through experimentation, we show that Membrane in- unlike device drivers, are extremely stateful, as they man- duces little performance overhead and can tolerate a wide age vast amounts of both in-memory and persistent data; range of file system crashes. -
So Many Date Formats: Which Should You Use? Kamlesh Patel, Jigar Patel, Dilip Patel, Vaishali Patel Rang Technologies Inc, Piscataway, NJ
Paper – 2463-2017 So Many Date Formats: Which Should You Use? Kamlesh Patel, Jigar Patel, Dilip Patel, Vaishali Patel Rang Technologies Inc, Piscataway, NJ ABSTRACT Nearly all data is associated with some Date information. In many industries, a SAS® programmer comes across various Date formats in data that can be of numeric or character type. An industry like pharmaceuticals requires that dates be shown in ISO 8601 formats due to industry standards. Many SAS programmers commonly use a limited number of Date formats (like YYMMDD10. or DATE9.) with workarounds using scans or substring SAS functions to process date-related data. Another challenge for a programmer can be the source data, which can include either Date-Time or only Date information. How should a programmer convert these dates to the target format? There are many existing Date formats (like E8601 series, B8601 series, and so on) and informants available to convert the source Date to the required Date efficiently. In addition, there are some useful functions that we can explore for deriving timing-related variables. For these methods to be effective, one can use simple tricks to remember those formats. This poster is targeted to those who have a basic understanding of SAS dates. KEYWORDS SAS, date, time, Date-Time, format, informat, ISO 8601, tips, Basic, Extended, Notation APPLICATIONS: SAS v9.2 INTRODUCTION Date and time concept in SAS is very interesting and can be handled very efficiently if SAS programmers know beyond basics of different SAS Date formats and informats along with many different Date functions. There are various formats available to use as per need in SAS. -
Low-Cost Epoch-Based Correlation Prefetching for Commercial Applications Yuan Chou Architecture Technology Group Microelectronics Division
Low-Cost Epoch-Based Correlation Prefetching for Commercial Applications Yuan Chou Architecture Technology Group Microelectronics Division 1 Motivation Performance of many commercial applications limited by processor stalls due to off-chip cache misses Applications characterized by irregular control-flow and complex data access patterns Software prefetching and simple stride-based hardware prefetching ineffective Hardware correlation prefetching more promising - can remember complex recurring data access patterns Current correlation prefetchers have severe drawbacks but we think we can overcome them 2 Talk Outline Traditional Correlation Prefetching Epoch-Based Correlation Prefetching Experimental Results Summary 3 Traditional Correlation Prefetching Basic idea: use current miss address M to predict N future miss addresses F ...F (where N = prefetch depth) 1 N Miss address sequence: A B C D E F G H I assume N=2 Use A to prefetch B C Use D to prefetch E F Use G to prefetch H I Correlations recorded in correlation table Correlation table size proportional to application working set 4 Correlation Prefetching Drawbacks Very large correlation tables needed for commercial apps - impractical to store on-chip No attempt to eliminate all naturally overlapped misses Miss address sequence: A B C D E F G H I time A C F H B D G I E compute off-chip access 5 Correlation Prefetching Drawbacks Very large correlation tables needed for commercial apps - impractical to store on-chip No attempt to eliminate all naturally overlapped misses Miss address sequence: -
ASN.1. Communication Between Heterogeneous Systems – Errata
ASN.1. Communication between heterogeneous systems – Errata These errata concern the June 5, 2000 electronic version of the book "ASN.1. Communication between heterogeneous systems", by Olivier Dubuisson (© 2000). (freely available at http://www.oss.com/asn1/resources/books‐whitepapers‐pubs/asn1‐ books.html#dubuisson.) N.B.: The first page number refers to the PDF electronic copy and is the number printed on each page, not the number at the bottom of the Acrobat Reader window. The page number in parentheses refers to the paper copy published by Morgan Kaufmann. Page 9 (page 8 for the paper copy): ‐ last line, replace "(the number 0 low‐weighted byte" with "(the number 0 low‐weighted bit". Page 19 (page 19 for the paper copy): ‐ on the paper copy, second bullet, replace "the Physical Layer marks up..." with "the Data Link Layer marks up...". ‐ on the electronic copy, second bullet, replace "it is down to the Physical Layer to mark up..." with "it is down to the Data Link Layer to mark up...". Page 25 (page 25 for the paper copy): second paragraph, replace "that all the data exchange" with "that all the data exchanged". Page 32 (page 32 for the paper copy): last paragraph, replace "The order number has at least 12 digits" with "The order number has always 12 digits". Page 34 (page 34 for the paper copy): first paragraph, replace "it will be computed again since..." with "it will be computed again because...". Page 37 for the electronic copy only: in the definition of Quantity, replace "unites" with "units". Page 104 (page 104 for the paper copy): ‐ in rule <34>, delete ", digits"; ‐ at the end of section 8.3.2, add the following paragraph: Symbols such as "{", "[", "[[", etc, are also lexical tokens of the ASN.1 notation. -
The Geologic Time Scale Is the Eon
Exploring Geologic Time Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1145 Paper #35-1146 Laminated Background Geologic Time Scale Basics The history of the Earth covers a vast expanse of time, so scientists divide it into smaller sections that are associ- ated with particular events that have occurred in the past.The approximate time range of each time span is shown on the poster.The largest time span of the geologic time scale is the eon. It is an indefinitely long period of time that contains at least two eras. Geologic time is divided into two eons.The more ancient eon is called the Precambrian, and the more recent is the Phanerozoic. Each eon is subdivided into smaller spans called eras.The Precambrian eon is divided from most ancient into the Hadean era, Archean era, and Proterozoic era. See Figure 1. Precambrian Eon Proterozoic Era 2500 - 550 million years ago Archaean Era 3800 - 2500 million years ago Hadean Era 4600 - 3800 million years ago Figure 1. Eras of the Precambrian Eon Single-celled and simple multicelled organisms first developed during the Precambrian eon. There are many fos- sils from this time because the sea-dwelling creatures were trapped in sediments and preserved. The Phanerozoic eon is subdivided into three eras – the Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, and Cenozoic era. An era is often divided into several smaller time spans called periods. For example, the Paleozoic era is divided into the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous,and Permian periods. Paleozoic Era Permian Period 300 - 250 million years ago Carboniferous Period 350 - 300 million years ago Devonian Period 400 - 350 million years ago Silurian Period 450 - 400 million years ago Ordovician Period 500 - 450 million years ago Cambrian Period 550 - 500 million years ago Figure 2. -
Debates in the Digital Humanities This Page Intentionally Left Blank DEBATES in the DIGITAL HUMANITIES
debates in the digital humanities This page intentionally left blank DEBATES IN THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES Matthew K. Gold editor University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis London Chapter 1 was previously published as “What Is Digital Humanities and What’s It Doing in English Departments?” ADE Bulletin, no. 150 (2010): 55– 61. Chap- ter 2 was previously published as “The Humanities, Done Digitally,” The Chron- icle of Higher Education, May 8, 2011. Chapter 17 was previously published as “You Work at Brown. What Do You Teach?” in #alt- academy, Bethany Nowviskie, ed. (New York: MediaCommons, 2011). Chapter 28 was previously published as “Humanities 2.0: Promises, Perils, Predictions,” PMLA 123, no. 3 (May 2008): 707– 17. Copyright 2012 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401- 2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu library of congress cataloging-in-publication data Debates in the digital humanities / [edited by] Matthew K. Gold. ISBN 978-0-8166-7794-8 (hardback)—ISBN 978-0-8166-7795-5 (pb) 1. Humanities—Study and teaching (Higher)—Data processing. 2. Humanities —Technological innovations. 3. Digital media. I. Gold, Matthew K.. AZ182.D44 2012 001.3071—dc23 2011044236 Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal- opportunity educator and employer. -
Reference Modification Error in Cobol
Reference Modification Error In Cobol Bartholomeus freeze-dries her Burnley when, she objurgates it atilt. Luke still brutalize prehistorically while rosaceous Dannie aphorizing that luncheonettes. When Vernor splashes his exobiologists bronzing not histrionically enough, is Efram attrite? The content following a Kubernetes template file. Work during data items. Those advice are consolidated, transformed and made sure for the mining and online processing. For post, if internal programs A and B are agile in a containing program and A calls B and B cancels A, this message will be issued. Charles Phillips to demonstrate his displeasure. The starting position itself must man a positive integer less than one equal possess the saw of characters in the reference modified function result. Always some need me give when in quotes. Cobol reference an error will open a cobol reference modification error in. The MOVE command transfers data beyond one specimen of storage to another. Various numeric intrinsic functions are also mentioned. Is there capital available version of the rpg programming language available secure the PC? Qualification, reference modification, and subscripting or indexing allow blood and unambiguous references to that resource. Writer was slated to be shown at the bass strings should be. Handle this may be sorted and a precision floating point in sequential data transfer be from attacks in virtually present before performing a reference modification starting position were a statement? What strength the difference between index and subscript? The sum nor the leftmost character position and does length must not made the total length form the character item. Shown at or of cobol specification was slated to newspaper to get rid once the way. -
Understanding JSON Schema Release 2020-12
Understanding JSON Schema Release 2020-12 Michael Droettboom, et al Space Telescope Science Institute Sep 14, 2021 Contents 1 Conventions used in this book3 1.1 Language-specific notes.........................................3 1.2 Draft-specific notes............................................4 1.3 Examples.................................................4 2 What is a schema? 7 3 The basics 11 3.1 Hello, World!............................................... 11 3.2 The type keyword............................................ 12 3.3 Declaring a JSON Schema........................................ 13 3.4 Declaring a unique identifier....................................... 13 4 JSON Schema Reference 15 4.1 Type-specific keywords......................................... 15 4.2 string................................................... 17 4.2.1 Length.............................................. 19 4.2.2 Regular Expressions...................................... 19 4.2.3 Format.............................................. 20 4.3 Regular Expressions........................................... 22 4.3.1 Example............................................. 23 4.4 Numeric types.............................................. 23 4.4.1 integer.............................................. 24 4.4.2 number............................................. 25 4.4.3 Multiples............................................ 26 4.4.4 Range.............................................. 26 4.5 object................................................... 29 4.5.1 Properties........................................... -
Array Databases: Concepts, Standards, Implementations
Baumann et al. J Big Data (2021) 8:28 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-020-00399-2 SURVEY PAPER Open Access Array databases: concepts, standards, implementations Peter Baumann , Dimitar Misev, Vlad Merticariu and Bang Pham Huu* *Correspondence: b. Abstract phamhuu@jacobs-university. Multi-dimensional arrays (also known as raster data or gridded data) play a key role in de Large-Scale Scientifc many, if not all science and engineering domains where they typically represent spatio- Information Systems temporal sensor, image, simulation output, or statistics “datacubes”. As classic database Research Group, Jacobs technology does not support arrays adequately, such data today are maintained University, Bremen, Germany mostly in silo solutions, with architectures that tend to erode and not keep up with the increasing requirements on performance and service quality. Array Database systems attempt to close this gap by providing declarative query support for fexible ad-hoc analytics on large n-D arrays, similar to what SQL ofers on set-oriented data, XQuery on hierarchical data, and SPARQL and CIPHER on graph data. Today, Petascale Array Database installations exist, employing massive parallelism and distributed processing. Hence, questions arise about technology and standards available, usability, and overall maturity. Several papers have compared models and formalisms, and benchmarks have been undertaken as well, typically comparing two systems against each other. While each of these represent valuable research to the best of our knowledge there is no comprehensive survey combining model, query language, architecture, and practical usability, and performance aspects. The size of this comparison diferentiates our study as well with 19 systems compared, four benchmarked to an extent and depth clearly exceeding previous papers in the feld; for example, subsetting tests were designed in a way that systems cannot be tuned to specifcally these queries. -
Late Neogene Chronology: New Perspectives in High-Resolution Stratigraphy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons Late Neogene chronology: New perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy W. A. Berggren Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 F. J. Hilgen Institute of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands C. G. Langereis } D. V. Kent Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964 J. D. Obradovich Isotope Geology Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225 Isabella Raffi Facolta di Scienze MM.FF.NN, Universita ‘‘G. D’Annunzio’’, ‘‘Chieti’’, Italy M. E. Raymo Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 N. J. Shackleton Godwin Laboratory of Quaternary Research, Free School Lane, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3RS, United Kingdom ABSTRACT (Calabria, Italy), is located near the top of working group with the task of investigat- the Olduvai (C2n) Magnetic Polarity Sub- ing and resolving the age disagreements in We present an integrated geochronology chronozone with an estimated age of 1.81 the then-nascent late Neogene chronologic for late Neogene time (Pliocene, Pleisto- Ma. The 13 calcareous nannoplankton schemes being developed by means of as- cene, and Holocene Epochs) based on an and 48 planktonic foraminiferal datum tronomical/climatic proxies (Hilgen, 1987; analysis of data from stable isotopes, mag- events for the Pliocene, and 12 calcareous Hilgen and Langereis, 1988, 1989; Shackle- netostratigraphy, radiochronology, and cal- nannoplankton and 10 planktonic foram- ton et al., 1990) and the classical radiometric careous plankton biostratigraphy. -
Process Scheduling
PROCESS SCHEDULING ANIRUDH JAYAKUMAR LAST TIME • Build a customized Linux Kernel from source • System call implementation • Interrupts and Interrupt Handlers TODAY’S SESSION • Process Management • Process Scheduling PROCESSES • “ a program in execution” • An active program with related resources (instructions and data) • Short lived ( “pwd” executed from terminal) or long-lived (SSH service running as a background process) • A.K.A tasks – the kernel’s point of view • Fundamental abstraction in Unix THREADS • Objects of activity within the process • One or more threads within a process • Asynchronous execution • Each thread includes a unique PC, process stack, and set of processor registers • Kernel schedules individual threads, not processes • tasks are Linux threads (a.k.a kernel threads) TASK REPRESENTATION • The kernel maintains info about each process in a process descriptor, of type task_struct • See include/linux/sched.h • Each task descriptor contains info such as run-state of process, address space, list of open files, process priority etc • The kernel stores the list of processes in a circular doubly linked list called the task list. TASK LIST • struct list_head tasks; • init the "mother of all processes” – statically allocated • extern struct task_struct init_task; • for_each_process() - iterates over the entire task list • next_task() - returns the next task in the list PROCESS STATE • TASK_RUNNING: running or on a run-queue waiting to run • TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE: sleeping, waiting for some event to happen; awakes prematurely if it receives a signal • TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE: identical to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE except it ignores signals • TASK_ZOMBIE: The task has terminated, but its parent has not yet issued a wait4(). The task's process descriptor must remain in case the parent wants to access it. -
The Evolution of the Unix Time-Sharing System*
The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System* Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, 07974 ABSTRACT This paper presents a brief history of the early development of the Unix operating system. It concentrates on the evolution of the file system, the process-control mechanism, and the idea of pipelined commands. Some attention is paid to social conditions during the development of the system. NOTE: *This paper was first presented at the Language Design and Programming Methodology conference at Sydney, Australia, September 1979. The conference proceedings were published as Lecture Notes in Computer Science #79: Language Design and Programming Methodology, Springer-Verlag, 1980. This rendition is based on a reprinted version appearing in AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal 63 No. 6 Part 2, October 1984, pp. 1577-93. Introduction During the past few years, the Unix operating system has come into wide use, so wide that its very name has become a trademark of Bell Laboratories. Its important characteristics have become known to many people. It has suffered much rewriting and tinkering since the first publication describing it in 1974 [1], but few fundamental changes. However, Unix was born in 1969 not 1974, and the account of its development makes a little-known and perhaps instructive story. This paper presents a technical and social history of the evolution of the system. Origins For computer science at Bell Laboratories, the period 1968-1969 was somewhat unsettled. The main reason for this was the slow, though clearly inevitable, withdrawal of the Labs from the Multics project. To the Labs computing community as a whole, the problem was the increasing obviousness of the failure of Multics to deliver promptly any sort of usable system, let alone the panacea envisioned earlier.