Psyc A415-001: Psychopharmacology Spring 2014 - Loyola University New Orleans Dr

PSYC A415-001: PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY SPRING 2014 - LOYOLA UNIVERSITY NEW ORLEANS DR. E. L. ZUCKER

CLASS DAYS/TIME: MWF 10:30 – 11:20; LOCATION: CM 301 INSTRUCTOR'S OFFICE: MO 476 OFFICE PHONE: (504) 865-3255 DEPARTMENT PHONE: (504) 865-3125 DEPARTMENT FAX: (504) 865-3970 E-MAIL: [email protected] ALTERNATE E-MAIL: [email protected]

OFFICE HOURS: MWF 11:30 – 12:20 and W 2:30 – 3:20. Other times by appointment; availability on Tuesdays and Thursdays is variable. Please feel free to e-mail questions, comments, or concerns at any time. I will reply as soon as possible, so check your e-mail for replies.

PREREQUISITES: Completion of a course in Physiological Psychology (PSYC A315 or equivalent) or permission of the instructor is required. Note that there is some, albeit limited, overlap with the material covered in Physiological Psychology; however, some enrolled students are taking Physiological Psychology concurrently with this course, while a few others might not have had Physiological Psychology or the same form of the course you had – so please be tolerant of a little redundancy in the name of learning.

CREDIT: This course provides 3 semester hours of credit towards a Psychology major, minor, or general elective credit (if Psychology credit is not needed).

BRIEF COURSE DESCRIPTION: In this course, we will examine the history, actions, use, and abuse of psychoactive drugs in a variety of classifications. These classifications include drugs used for treating anxiety, mood, thought disorders, insomnia, and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as those drugs commonly used and/or abused recreationally, such as sedatives, psychostimulants, opiates, and hallucinogens. We will examine these drugs’ mechanisms of actions and neurobiological bases, clinical applications, side effects, and damage stemming from abuse, as well as treatment options in the case of addictions, including options where one drug is used to treat dependence on another (i.e., pharmacotherapies). ______TEXTBOOK: Grilly, D. M., & Salamone, J. D. (2012). Drugs, brain, and human behavior (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. (ISBN 13: 978-0-205-75052-8; ISBN 10: 0-205-75052-4)

A list of relevant terms for each class will be available on Blackboard; these lists of terms should be printed and brought to class by each student for each class (or viewed online during class); these terms will likely be projected during class, as well. PowerPoint files of lecture material (with varying degrees of detail) will be posted on Bb. Some of these PowerPoint files have been adapted from those used in the Physiological Psychology course. Overviews of chapters (in PowerPoint format) from the publisher also will be available. 2

DAILY SCHEDULE

CLASS D DATE TOPIC CH 1 M 01/06 Overview of Course; Introduction to Psychopharmacology (I) 1 2 W 01/08 Introduction to Psychopharmacology (II) 1 - F 01/10 NO CLASS (PSI CHI – SEATTLE) 3 M 01/13 Drug Classifications 2 4 W 01/15 Basic Principles (Pharmacokinetics): Routes of 3 Administration 5 F 01/17 Basic Principles: Blood-Brain Barrier; Dose-Response 3 Relationships - M 01/20 NO CLASS – MARTIN LUTHER KIND BIRTHDAY 6 W 01/22 QUIZ 1; Basic Principles: D-R Relationships; Metabolism 3 and Excretion 7 F 01/24 Basic Principles: Metabolism/Excretion; Fetal/Neonatal 3 Effects Bb – Pharmacogenetics 8 M 01/27 Excitability and Chemical Signaling; Synaptic Transmission, 4,5 Drugs, and Chemical Neuroanatomy 9 W 01/29 Postsynaptic Effects of Neurotransmitters 5 (Pharmacodynamics); PNS/CNS 10 F 01/31 Tolerance, Sensitization, Dependence, and Addiction (I) 6 11 M 02/03 T, S, D, & A (II) 6 Factors in Dependence – Bb supplement 12 W 02/05 QUIZ 2; T, S, D, & A (III) – Neurobiological Factors 6 13 F 02/07 T, S, D, & A (IV) – Treatment of Dependence/Addiction 6 * M 02/10 EXAM 1 (Classes 1-13; Chapters 1-6) 14 W 02/12 Psychomotor Stimulants & Antiparkinsonian Drugs: Caffeine 7 15 F 02/14 Psychomotor Stimulants: Nicotine 7 16 M 02/17 Psychomotor Stimulants: Amphetamines (I) 7 17 W 02/19 Psychomotor Stimulants: Amphetamines (II) 7 18 F 02/21 QUIZ 3; Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine (I) 7 19 M 02/24 Psychomotor Stimulants: Cocaine (II) 7 20 W 02/26 Psychomotor Stimulants: Treatments for Dependence 7 21 F 02/28 Psychomotor Stimulants: Antiparkinsonian Drugs 7 Bb – modafinil (for narcolepsy) -- M 03/03 NO CLASS – MARDI GRAS BREAK -- W 03/05 NO CLASS – MARDI GRAS BREAK -- F 03/07 NO CLASS – MARDI GRAS BREAK -- M 03/10 NO CLASS 22 W 03/12 Antipsychotics (I) 8 23 F 03/14 QUIZ 4; Antipsychotics (II) 8 24 M 03/17 Antipsychotics (III) 8 ** W 03/19 EXAM 2 (Classes 14-24; Chapters 7-8) 25 F 03/21 Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers (I) 9 3

26 M 03/24 Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers (II) 9 27 W 03/26 Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers (III) 9 28 F 03/28 QUIZ 5; Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics (I) - Alcohol 9 29 M 03/31 Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics (II) - Alcohol 10 -- W 04/02 NO CLASS – SWPA (SAN ANTONIO, TX) -- F 04/04 NO CLASS – SWPA (SAN ANTONIO, TX) (First paper due electronically by 5 pm) 30 M 04/07 Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics (III) – Alcohol 10 Bb – Barbiturates and Inhalants 31 W 04/09 Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics (IV) – Benzodiazepines 10 and Busiprone 32 F 04/11 QUIZ 6; Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics (V) – 10 Benzodiazepines and Busiprone; Treatments of Insomnia Anticonvulsants -- M 04/14 NO CLASS – EASTER BREAK -- W 04/16 NO CLASS – EASTER BREAK -- F 04/18 NO CLASS – EASTER BREAK -- M 04/21 NO CLASS – EASTER BREAK (Second paper due electronically by 5 pm on 4/22) 33 W 04/23 Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia 11 34 F 04/25 Opiates and Antagonists (I) 12 35 M 04/28 Opiates and Antagonists (II) 12 (Third paper due) 36 W 04/30 Overview of Dissociative Anesthetics, Psychedelics, and 13 Hallucinogens *** M 05/05 QUIZ 7; EXAM 3 (Classes 25-36; Chapters 9-13); 11:30 - 1:30

About this schedule:

1. This is a projection of the daily schedule, and thus, subject to revision. To me, it seems a bit ambitious. Overviews of the last few classifications are likely, rather than in-depth coverage; with information about other classifications already covered, these latter categories will be more easily understood, and in places, redundant. 2. Additional course material will be presented via PowerPoint files on Blackboard, including general and introductory material for various topics and/or drug classifications.

A NOTE ON QUIZZES AND EXAMS - DEFINITIONS

There are 7 quizzes and 3 exams scheduled. Each quiz will consist of 20 multiple choice questions, and will be given during the first portion (20 minutes) of the designated class. Quizzes are scheduled at intervals of approximately every 5 classes, and each quiz will cover material since the previous quiz. Each quiz will be worth 20 points, maximum. In contrast, each exam will consist of essay questions, randomly selected from a list of questions distributed in advance of the exam. Each exam will each have 4 questions selected and be worth 40 points (up to 10 points per question and answer). The third exam will be given during final exam week, but will not be a cumulative final exam. On May 5, there will be both a quiz and an exam (thus, 20 multiple choice 4 questions in the first 20 minutes, followed by an exam consisting of the 4 essay questions) in the same two-hour period.

A. COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. From the teaching perspective: a. to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of psychopharmacology, b. to provide students the opportunity to research and evaluate information related to the course content, c. to help students understand and appreciate the complex interaction of biological and psychosocial variables as related to drug use and abuse.

2. From the learning perspective: a. to be able to compare and contrast drugs in the major drug classifications related to mechanisms of action, clinical effects, side effects, uses, and abuses, b. to be able to research topics using both library and internet skills/resources, c. to demonstrate critical thinking and writing skills by completing written assignments, quizzes, and exams.

B. QUIZ AND EXAM PROTOCOLS

Quizzes will be administered at the start of the class on the scheduled day, and 20 minutes will be allotted to complete the quiz (20 multiple choice questions). Class will continue after the quiz has been completed. Quizzes will contain questions about material covered since the previous quiz, or in the case of QUIZ 1, material covered from the start of the course.

On those days designated for EXAM 1 and EXAM 2, the entire class period will be allotted for that exam. At the end of the course, during the designated exam time, EXAM 3 will follow the administration of QUIZ 7. EXAM 3 can be started as soon as QUIZ 7 is completed, and the remainder of the time is available for the completion of EXAM 3. Each exam will have the same basic format (essay questions randomly selected from a list available prior to the exam). While the exams are not cumulative, technically, previously covered basic concepts might be needed in answering a question on a subsequent exam.

Given the list of essay questions, students are expected to prepare answers to these questions, and write their answers, from memory, at the time of the exam. As questions will be provided in advance, complete answers are expected. (Those of you who have taken other courses with me or are currently enrolled, this should seem very familiar.)

If an exam is missed due to a legitimate reason (e.g., medical, dental, or psychological), then a make-up exam will be administered that is also entirely essay in format, and the essay questions will be based on all material covered (not just the essay questions provided in advance). In order for a make-up exam to be given, the student must notify the instructor IN ADVANCE that the exam will be missed. Note that there are two phone numbers provided on the front of this syllabus, and there is voice mail or answering machines attached to both in case calls need to be made outside of regular "business" hours or on weekends. My e-mail address is also provided for your 5 convenience; use the “alternate” e-mail addresses only when the Loyola University server is nonfunctional.

While there are 7 quizzes scheduled, only 6 will count towards your final score/grade. The lowest score will be ignored. Should you miss a class with a quiz, this is the quiz score that will be ignored; any other missed quizzes will be scored as zeros unless there is a legitimate medical/dental/psychological reason that can be documented.

During quizzes and exams, all electronic devices must be placed out of sight. A clock will be provided or the time projected so that you will not need to use your phone or other device in order to see the time.

C. PAPERS

There are 3 short papers to be completed in conjunction with this course. Each paper will consist of an integrated summary of TWO recent journal articles (reporting empirical research), with “recent” being defined as being published (or copyrighted) since 2009. Each paper should be 2-3 pages in length, but not exceeding 3 pages (double-spaced), with the references listed at the end in APA format. In the body of the paper, sources should be cited using standard APA format (authors’ last names and year of publication). Please do not include the titles of the articles in the texts of your papers – there will be a 2-point penalty per paper if you do that. Please use a professional/scientific style of writing and spelling; do not use spellings characteristic of text messages!

The three papers: PAPER 1 should address the behavioral effects or clinical applications of a drug. PAPER 2 should address the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug. PAPER 3 should address the tolerance, dependence, or withdrawal aspects of a drug.

Internally, each paper should be about only one drug, but each of the three papers can be about a different drug. So collectively, the three papers can actually be about 1, 2, or 3 different drugs. The drug(s) chosen should be specific, for example methylphenidate (Ritalin®) rather than amphetamines, in general, or fluoxetine (Prozac®) rather than antidepressants, in general.

Links to journals (and their contents) that contain information about drugs and behavior (psychopharmacology) will be posted on Blackboard (in a folder in “Course Materials”). These journals contain articles that address both applied and basic research, although keep in mind that not every article published will be appropriate for the papers (or even directly relevant to this course). From these links, abstracts of articles can be viewed, and in some cases, the full text of the article will be available directly. You might need to go to PsycINFO or PsycArticles via the library web pages to get access to an article, or use the “journal finder” feature. Complete articles should be read if they are included in your papers, not just abstracts. (One journal I recommend consulting and reading for information, whether related to your papers or not, is Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, published by the American Psychological Association. To see the contents of this journal, click here. Full text of these articles is available through the library’s link to PsycINFO.) 6

Each paper will be evaluated on a 20-point basis, and please submit them as “hard copies” and as word-processing files (using either Word, Works, Adobe pdf, or Open Office) attached to e- mail messages (sent to my Loyola e-mail address: [email protected]). Label the file containing your paper with your first initial, last name, and the number of the paper, as ordered above. So, for example, my paper about Ritalin® withdrawal would be EZucker3.doc. Papers will be due on designated days near the end of the semester; note that the due date might not correspond to a class day. The first paper is due on 4/4 (Friday), a second one on 4/22 (Tuesday), and the third one on 4/28 (Monday). It does not matter which of the three you submit first, second, or third. You may submit any of these papers earlier before the designated due date. Papers are considered “on time” if I receive them electronically by 5 pm (CDT) on the designated day. You will be penalized 10% (two points) per 24-hour period for papers submitted after the due date and time, and rewarded with a 10% bonus (two points) for papers submitted more than 24-hours ahead of the due date and time. Hard (printed) copies can be submitted either when due, or in the cases of the first and second papers, at the time of the next class meeting. Note that all bonuses and penalties will be applied at the end of the course.

D. GRADING

Your midterm and final grades for this course will be determined by the percentage of the total points earned. For final grades, there is a total of 300 points possible (120 from 6 quizzes, 120 from 3 exams, and 60 from the 3 short papers). The table below shows letter grade equivalents for the points on exams, quizzes, papers, and the total for the course.

LETTER PERCENT EXAM QUIZ AND FINAL GRADE (ROUNDED) SCORES PAPER GRADE SCORES A 91-100 37-40 19-20 272-300 A- 89-90 36 18 266-271 B+ 87-88 35 260-265 B 81-86 33-34 17 242-259 B- 79-80 32 16 236-241 C+ 77-78 31 230-235 C 71-76 29-30 15 212-229 C- 69-70 28 14 206-211 D+ 67-68 27 200-205 D 60-66 24-26 12-13 179-199 F ≤59 0-23 0-11 0-178

Midterm grades will be based on the same rounded percentages as final grades; midterm grades will be based on EXAM 1 and the first 3 quizzes (all scores included at this point). Bonuses and penalties will be added/assessed at the end of the course. The last day to withdraw from this course is Friday, March 14. Withdrawal forms must be completed and submitted to the Office of Student Records by the end of that day. Any student enrolled after this date will receive one of the above academic grades (A-F) for the course.

The University’s policies regarding academic honesty will be followed. Please consult the University Bulletin for a description of these policies (or follow the link above).

NOTE: If you have a disability and wish to receive accommodations, please contact Sarah Mead Smith, Director of Disability Services at 504-865-2990. If you wish to receive test accommodations (e.g., extended test time), you will need to give the course instructor an official Accommodation Form from Disability Services. The Office of Disability Services is currently located in Marquette Hall 112.

E. ATTENDANCE AND CLASSROOM ETIQUETTE

Attendance is important, and will be monitored. Poor attendance could be detrimental to you. Regular attendance fosters continuity, as you know what has been covered in class, and it also eliminates the need to repeat information already covered; it will also prevent someone from asking a potentially-embarrassing question upon returning to class. If you miss 5 or fewer classes, for whatever reasons, you will receive a 4-point bonus at the end of the course.

During class, please be sure your cell phones and/or other electronic devices are turned off or are silenced. Ringing/singing phones are distracting (and embarrassing to the owners). Please do not make/receive calls during class, nor send/receive text messages. If you are seen texting in class, you will be warned discreetly the first time, and thereafter, two points will be subtracted from your total. Your time in class should be devoted to Psychopharmacology and the course material. You may use a computer in the classroom to take notes, view the lists of terms, or view the PowerPoint files. Do not use a computer in class to read/send e-mail, surf the web, play games, gamble, shop, etc.

F. READING THE TEXTBOOK

The book is dense and intense – and not at all colorful - but I believe fairly clearly written and interesting. It’s not like a typical textbook, as there is far more text than distracting boxes, authors’ personal stories, vignettes, and the like. It is information oriented, and we will cover much of the book, one way or another. Once we get into the various drugs and classifications, after covering all the basics of psychopharmacology, you should be able to read and understand the textbook material, whether we cover the specifics in class or not.

G. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS

There are several things available to help you learn the material associated with the field of psychopharmacology. First, I will provide lists of terms, similar to what I do in the Physiological Psychology course. These lists will be posted on the Blackboard site (in the “course material” section). PowerPoint files of class content will also be provided on the Blackboard site, although 8 the amount of detail from file to file is likely to vary; there will be more detail for some classes than for others. The files about the structure and function of neurons, as well as the neurotransmitters, are adapted from the files developed for the Physiological Psychology course. Keep in mind that Grilly and Salamone use some slightly different terminology, in places, than does Carlson, and some additional detail is provided by Grilly and Salamone that is more germane to psychopharmacology than to basic physiological psychology. (Salamone’s own research deals with dopamine as it related to motivation and seeking behavior than to reinforcement, so there is more about this topic in this edition of the textbook.)

Second, exam questions will be provided as far in advance of the exams as possible, so that you can start preparing early. It is likely that lists of questions will be posted on Blackboard in stages, rather than all at once.

Third, I expect to post some supplemental materials on Blackboard that will help with some of the material, as well as other diagrams, tables, etc. – some will be in the PowerPoint files, while some will be separate in the folders for each class. Chapter overviews provided by the publisher (PowerPoint) will be provided on Bb – these seem to be very good.

There are numerous web sites available with information about drugs (and the scientific study and use of them). There are several sites listed at the end of each chapter of the book, and here are a few that are perhaps a bit more general. These are taken from a list made available by Jeff Ratliff-Crain (University of Minnesota Morris):

National Institute on Drug Abuse (with numerous links): http://www.nida.nih.gov (This agency also publishes a quarterly newsletter called NIDA Notes, which is available from the site above.)

“Web of Addictions”: (Note: Has not been kept quite current.) http://www.well.com/user/woa

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/

The Drug Reform Coordination Network: http://www.druglibrary.org

The Schaffer Library of Drug Policy: http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/index.HTM

H. UNIVERSITY POLICIES ON EMERGENCIES

In the event that there is an interruption to our course due to the cancellation of classes by the university as a result of an emergency, we will continue our course on Blackboard within 48 hours after cancellation.

All students are required to sign on to Blackboard and to keep up with course assignments within 48 hours of evacuation and routinely check for announcements and course materials associated with each class. Class handouts will be posted under “course materials”.

Students should be familiar with their responsibilities during emergencies, including pre-evacuation and post-evacuation for hurricanes. This information is available on the Academic Affairs web site: http://academicaffairs.loyno.edu/students-emergency-responsibilities. Additional emergency- planning information is also available at: http://academicaffairs.loyno.edu/emergency-planning

I. TEACH IT FORWARD…POST A LINK

Grades are one thing, learning is another – so help educate your classmates. If you find a news report and/or link relevant to psychopharmacology, share it with the class. I will establish a forum on the Blackboard Discussion Board to which you can post your links. Give a short title or summary of the information, and then post the link (URL) so anyone in the class can get to the information. I will be doing the same.

ENJOY THE COURSE!