Identification of Tourism Circuits across India
Interim Report Uttar Pradesh
February– 2012
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
1, Parliament Street, 2nd Floor, Ambience Corporate Tower, Transport Bhawan, Ambience Mall, NH-8, New Delhi - 110001 Gurgaon, Haryana – 122 001
Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Assignment Brief ...... 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ...... 1 1.3 Approach and Methodology...... 1 1.4 Key Findings ...... 3 1.5 Structure of the Report ...... 5 2. Brief of the State ...... 6 2.1 Introduction ...... 6 2.2 Tourism in the State ...... 7 3. Initial Screening of the Circuits ...... 13 3.1 Based on Secondary Research ...... 13 3.2 Key Parameters ...... 13 4. Stakeholder Consultations...... 15 4.1 State Government ...... 15 4.2 State Level Consultation ...... 15 4.3 National Level Consultation ...... 16 4.4 Ranked List of Circuits ...... 16 4.5 Carrying Capacity Analysis ...... 17 4.6 Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Braj-Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Circuit ...... 22 5. Infrastructure Assessment in Braj-Agra Circuit ...... 24 5.1 Existing Infrastructure in the Circuit ...... 25 6. Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding ...... 31 Annexure – I: Tourist Infrastructure Assessment of Priority Circuit in Uttar Pradesh ...... 36
List of Tables
Table 1: Tourist Arrival Data and Growth Rate...... 7 Table 2: Tourism Circuits listed by Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, 2011 ...... 8 Table 3: Tourist Accommodation in the State ...... 11 Table 4: Stakeholders in State Level Consultation ...... 15 Table 5: Stakeholders in National Level Consultation ...... 16 Table 6: UDPFI Density Limits ...... 19 Table 7: Physical and Ecological Indicators ...... 20 Table 8: Social and Demographic Indicators ...... 21 Table 9: Political Economic Indicators ...... 21 Table 10: Evaluation Criterion for Physical and Ecological Indicators ...... 22 Table 11: Carrying Capacity Assessment for Destinations in Priority Circuit ...... 22 Table 12: Identified Projects, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding ...... 31 Table 13: PPP Bifurcation of the Proposed Projects ...... 34 Table 14: Expected Employment Generation ...... 35
List of Figures Figure 1: Study Methodology ...... 2 Figure 2: Administrative divisions in Uttar Pradesh ...... 6 Figure 3: Road Network in Uttar Pradesh ...... 9 Figure 4: Railway Network in the State ...... 10 Figure 5: Locations of airports in the State ...... 11 Figure 6: Methodology for Carrying Capacity Analysis ...... 18 Figure 7: Existing Condition of Parikrama Marg ...... 26 Figure 8: Condition of temples and historic structures in Mathura ...... 27 Figure 9: Condition of Lesser Known Monuments in Agra ...... 28 Figure 10: Existing Facilities at Fatehpur Sikri ...... 29 Figure 11: Condition of Amenities Available for Tourists ...... 30
1. Introduction 1.1 Assignment Brief
IL&FS Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (IL&FS IDC) appointed as the National Level Consultant (NLC) by Ministry of Tourism, is in the process of identifying tourism circuits across all the States and UTs (except North-East). These circuits are proposed to be developed during the 12th Plan, in an integrated manner with Central Financial Assistance and appropriate involvement of State Governments and private sector. For the first phase, the process has been started with the selection of existing/new tourist circuits (4 in each state and 2 in Union Territories). These circuits have been structured considering the length, duration and connectivity.
After the identification and prioritisation of these circuits in Phase I, the next step is to identify the basic and tourism related infrastructural and promotional needs of the identified circuits, which are to be implemented on priority basis, along with the tentative cost estimates. These projects should be related to development of basic as well as tourism related infrastructure. Thereafter, Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) will be prepared by the State Level Consultant for the projects identified along with their financial projections.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the present study are:
1) To identify the potential tourist circuits/destinations in Uttar Pradesh. 2) To analyse the potential and carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations and prioritise the same. 3) Assess the existing infrastructure – basic and tourism related - for the circuits/destinations. 4) To assess the interventions for improving the quantity and quality of basic and tourism infrastructure for prioritized circuits/destinations. 5) Identify infrastructural projects to be initiated by Centre/State/Private sector.
1.3 Approach and Methodology
Figure 1 presents a flow diagram of the approach and methodology used for the present study. Based on primary and secondary sources, literature search and discussions with key stake holders (State Govt and local tour & travel industry), the existing tourists‟ flow and orientation were studied. The existing and future potential and connectivity of the destinations were studied for an initial screening of the tourist circuits / destinations.
Page | 1 Secondary Research Initial Screening of Tourist Potential Circuits Popularity Connectivity
Discussion with Department of Short listing of the Circuits Tourism, representatives of Travel & Tourism Industry and other stakeholders
Carrying Capacity Assessment
Identified Circuits along with Priority Circuit
Parameters Transport, Roads condition, Detailed Infrastructure Gap Access to modes of transportation, Assessment Utilities, Accommodation, Way side amenities, Management of tourist attractions
Identification of Prospective Projects Based on with Block Cost Estimates Stakeholder Consultations Reconnaissance survey
Final Report
Figure 1: Study Methodology
After the initial screening, the circuits identified were discussed with the State Government (Department of Tourism), representatives of Travel & Tourism Industry and other stakeholders. On the basis of these consultations, tourism circuits have been shortlisted. In order to understand existing capacity of the shortlisted circuits as well as destinations, a detailed carrying capacity assessment has been done. This assessment is, primarily, based on the residential and tourist population densities of the town/cities.
Based on above exercise, four circuits have been identified and prioritized. The circuits have been prioritized after consultations with the stakeholders and based on the popularity, tourists‟ flow pattern and perceived need for improvements/investments to basic and tourism infrastructure. In the present study, the circuit with the highest priority has been taken up for detailed examination.
Page | 2 Thereafter, detailed infrastructure assessment of the priority circuit is undertaken. The objective of the said assessment is to understand the significance of the mentioned sites from a tourist perspective and to map the availability of basic and tourism related-infrastructure. Typical infrastructure being demanded includes facilities at entry-exit points, accommodation, way-side amenities, physical & social infrastructure, public utilities as well as health & security. This assessment is based on reconnaissance survey done along the route, wayside and on site of the priority circuit. Following infrastructure has been examined to assess the requirements and deficiencies:
1) Modes of Transport- airways, roadways and railways and access thereto 2) Road network 3) Utilities-power, water facility, etc 4) Accommodation 5) Way side amenities 6) Maintenance and management of built heritage/tourist attractions
On the basis of reconnaissance survey, discussions with local community and other stakeholders, gaps have been identified. Based on these gaps as well as site potential, sustainable projects have been proposed along with the indicative block costs. These projects proposed are intended to achieve the following two objectives: 1) Products and activities proposed will attract the tourist inflow and will hold the tourists in the circuits which will provide socio-economic benefits at a larger level. 2) Sustainable projects will attract different investors and private players to participate in infrastructure development which will benefit both, Government as well as private sector.
1.4 Key Findings
For Uttar Pradesh, the following four circuits have been identified for integrated development.
Circuit 1: Braj-Agra Circuit Circuit 2: Buddhist Circuit Circuit 3: Awadh-Ayodhya Ciruit Circuit 4: Allahabad-Varanasi Circuit
1) Braj Region a) Mathura Since, the Parikrama Marg is a mix of different types of road segments and land uses, pedestrian walkability is a major issue. Apart from this, lack of information signage, ways finding signages, utilities, facilities, lack of street lighting are other issues identified along Parikrama Marg. Many of the sites such as Kans Kila, Digambar Jain Temple, Vishram Ghat temples are in a dilapidated condition and needs to be restored as well as redeveloped.
Page | 3 b) Gokul and Nandgaon
These places can also be promoted with the help of required interventions such as landscaping, signages, public conveniences etc. c) Vrindavan The major improvements required in the Vrindavan Parikrama Marg are in terms of street light, signages, parking facilities, drinking water and public conveniences. d) Govardhan Govardhan requires specific improvement in terms of street lighting along Parikrama Marg as well as restoration of kunds. e) Barsana There are nearly 200 steps and steep climb to reach Radha Rani temple which is tiring. Hence, there is a scope of other mode/alternative to the existing situation. 2) Agra a) Monuments within Agra City Parking at heritage destinations such as Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Sikandra needs to be enhanced as they are facing serious problem primarily due to lack of land availability. In case of Taj, extension in the existing parking space is required. There is also a need to provide Tourist Information Centres are relevant locations.
Basic infrastructure improvement required at lesser known monuments such as Itmad-ud-Daulah, Chini-ka-Rauza and Chauburji. Restoration of these monuments is also required. Even these monuments are also needs to be promoted as they are situated in proximity to some of the popular tourist sites. After the conservation of these monuments, they can also be clubbed in the list of “must see” sites. There is also a need to develop some good shopping places/activities by utilizing locally available resources so that tourist stays back at least for a day (night halt). b) Fatehpur Sikri
Fatehpur Sikri requires high attention on basic facilities and issues rather than tourist related infrastructure. Security issues are more as local guides start chasing and bothering tourist from the toll gate itself which leaves a very wrong impression among tourists. It actually hampers income generation at local level.
Unavailability of drinking water facility is another drawback in the development of this destination. Though RO water facility has been provided onsite, restricted water supply makes them inefficient. Continuous Power Supply (available only for 3-4 hours) is another important issue.
Though State Tourism Department has made arrangements at the entrance itself in order to restrict the private vehicles and take tourists through CNG buses. But due to poor management and compliance,
Page | 4 tourists drive up to the dargah and hence, create related issues, including pollution. There is also need of Tourist Information centre at the entrance wherein tourist can get a fair idea about what all places to visit, how to reach, from where to start etc.
1.5 Structure of the Report
The present report, which covers the priority circuit of Uttar Pradesh, has been divided into following sections: Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter provides the rationale behind the assignment, aims and key objectives of the study followed by approach and methodology adopted for the same. Chapter 2: Brief on the State: This section of the report focuses on the profile of the state, especially in terms of infrastructure, tourism trends and key spots/sites. Chapter 3: Initial Screening of the Circuits: This chapter is followed by sections explaining the process of initial screening/short listing of tourism circuits which is largely based on key parameters like tourist profile, carrying capacity, safety and sustainability, respectively. Chapter 4: Stakeholders Consultations and Selection of Tourist Circuits: This chapter provides information on the Stakeholder consultations done at Centre as well as State level and along with their respective outcome. The latter sections in this chapter also focus on the carrying capacity analysis done for the tourist circuits. Chapter 5: Existing Infrastructure Status of the Priority Circuit: This chapter analyses current status of circuits (based on site study undertaken) and infrastructure gaps identified during the site visit. Based on this, assessment of the level of adequacy of infrastructure has been undertaken with respect to the existing infrastructure, increasing tourist inflow, destination popularity, types of tourists and seasonality. Chapter 6: The last chapter of the study report provides information on prospective projects in the circuits that can be taken up for infrastructural upgradation.
Page | 5 2. Brief of the State 2.1 Introduction
Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India, is bestowed with a variety of geographical land and cultural diversities. The state is one of the most ancient cradles of Indian culture and lies largely in the plains formed by the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. The region was the setting of two great Sanskrit epics, the Mahabharata and Ramayana, and the scene of the rise of Buddhism after the 6th century BC.
Figure 2: Administrative divisions in Uttar Pradesh (Source: www. tcindia.com) Uttar Pradesh accounts for about 9 percent of the total geographical area and 16.4 per cent of India‟s population1. It is divided into 18 divisions and 70 districts in the state with Lucknow as its capital.
According to Census of India, 2011 (provisional), Uttar Pradesh has registered a decadal growth rate of 20.09 percent during 2001-2011. The state has a total population of 199,581477 which comprises 52.40 percent of males and 47.6 percent of female population. It has a population density of 828 persons per sq.km which is higher than the national average of 314 and sex ratio of 908 which is comparatively lower than the national average.
1 http://upgov.nic.in
Page | 6 The economy of the state is largely based on agriculture and agro-processing industries. According to the estimates available (2008-09), the share of the secondary sector in GSDP was 24.9 per cent and its growth was driven by manufacturing. On the other side, the tertiary sector‟s share was 46.1 per cent, hotels and restaurants–the largest sub-group of the sector–registered a growth of 15.2 per cent over the previous year.
2.2 Tourism in the State
Uttar Pradesh has possibly one of the largest numbers of tourist-worthy spots in any State in India. The state is not only important for the domestic tourist, it is also famed for being on the World Tourist Map owing to the presence of the Taj Mahal, considered to be one of the Wonders of the World as well as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Additionally, it draws a large number of tourists to a host of other locations for religious purposes, heritage monuments, historical importance, or wildlife as well as its proximity to other important tourist destination states like Rajasthan, Delhi and Uttaranchal provides it a competitive advantage.
2.2.1 Trends in Tourist Arrivals
As per recently published statistics available from Ministry of Tourism, in 2010, Uttar Pradesh contributed 19.6% and 9.4% of domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in the country2. Based on these numbers, U.P was ranked number 2 in terms of domestic tourist arrivals while in terms of foreign tourist arrivals, it ranked at number 4. Table 1: Tourist Arrival Data and Growth Rate Tourist Arrival Data Growth rate Year Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total 2010-11 144754977 1675123 14,64,30,100 7% 9% 7% 2009-10 134831852 1532573 13,63,64,425 8% -5% 8% 2008-09 124843242 1610089 12,64,53,331 7% 6% 7% 2007-08 116244008 1524451 11,77,68,459 - - - Source: India Tourism Statistics, 2010
However, one must note that these tourist arrivals occur in either specific pockets or only for religious purposes. For example, in 2009, more than 60% of the foreign tourist arrivals to UP were to the Agra circle (Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri). Similarly, the domestic tourists are largely concentrated around places like Allahabad, Varanasi, Mathura and Ayodhya.
2.2.2 State Level Agencies Associated with Tourism
In order to prepare schemes relating to the development of tourism and to execute them, the Directorate of Tourism was established in the year 1972. Further, Uttar Pradesh State Tourism
2 India Tourism Statistics,2010
Page | 7 Development Corporation (UPSTDC) was established and which is now the nodal agency to look after the commercial activities which are a part of development of tourism.
2.2.3 Available Destinations and Circuits
Uttar Pradesh offers a huge range of destinations and activities to the potential tourist comprising historical cities, wildlife sanctuaries, pilgrim centers and adventure destinations. Department of Tourism, Uttar Pradesh has identified some tourist circuits for the purpose of tourist infrastructure development that have listed as below:
Table 2: Tourism Circuits listed by Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, 2011 S.No Tourism Circuit Destinations
1 Agra Braj Circuit Agra, Mathura, Vrindavan, Fatehpur Sikri, Soor Sarovar, Chambal 2 Buddhist Circuit Kapilavastu, Sarnath, Varanasi, Sravasti, Sankisa, Kaushambi, Kushinagar, Lumbini, Bodhgaya 3 Bundelkhand Circuit Jhansi, Mahoba, Kakramath, Kalinjar, Deogarh, Samthar, Datia, Khajuraho, Chanderi, Baruasagar, Orchha 4 Awadh–Ayodhya Lucknow, Kukrail, Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Ayodhya, Naimisharnya, Circuit Devasharif, Bithoor 5 Varanasi & Varanasi, Vindhyachal, Ramnagar, Chunar, Allahabad, Kaimoor Wild Life Vindhyachal Circuit Sanctuary, Chandra prabha Wild Life Sanctuary
6 Mahabharata Circuit Hastinapur, Baghpat, Bijnor. 7 Ram Van-Gaman Ayodhya, Bharatkund, Belha Devi-Pratapgarh, Shrangverpur, Allahabad, Yatra Circuit Chitrakoot etc. 8 Circuit related to Ist Jhansi, Meerut, Lucknow, Raibareilly, Unnao, Kanpur, Bithoor, Sitapur, War of Independence Badaun, Bareilly, Hathras, Shahjahanpur, Mainpuri, Firozabad, Gorakhpur, in 1857 Devaria, Azamgarh, Balia, Varanasi, Allahabad etc. 9 Jain Circuit Shravasti, Kaushambi, Allahabad, Ayodhya, Faizabad, Ronahi, Kampil, Hastinapur, Sauripur, Agra, Banaras, Kushinagar etc 10 Sikh Circuit Gurudwara Pakki Sangat (Allahabad) - Gurudwara Ahrora, Gurudwara Chota & Gurudwara Bhuili (Mirzapur) - Gurudwara Nichibagh, Gurudwara Gurubagh (Varanasi) - Guru Teg Bahadur Ji ki Tapsthali, Chachakpur, Gurudwara Raasmandal (Jaunpur) - Gurudwara Brahmkund (Ayodhya) - Gurudwara Ahyiyaganj (Lucknow) - Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Mathura) - Gurudwara Hathighat, Gurudwara Guru ka Taal (Agra) etc. 11 Sufi Circuit Fatehpur Sikri, Rampur, Badaun, Bareilly, Lucknow, Kakori, Dewasharif (Barabanki), Bahraich, Kichocha Sharif, Kade Shah - Kada (Kaushambi), Allahabad, Kantit Sharif (Mirzapur) etc. 12 Christian Circuit Merut-Sardhana, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, Gorakhpur etc. 13 Handicraft Circuit Lucknow, Agra, Aligarh, Firozabad, Rampur, Kanpur, Kannauj, Vrindavan, Muradabad, Khurja, Varanasi, Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Chunar, Jaunpur, Gorakhpur etc. Source: Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh
Page | 8 2.2.4 Tourist Infrastructure and Accommodation
1) Connectivity a) Roadways
Uttar Pradesh is well connected to its nine neighbouring states and other parts of India through 42 National Highways which accounts for 9.6 percent of the total National Highway network in India. While the length of total National Highways is 6,774kms, the length of State Highways and District roads is 9,097 and 105,980, respectively3. The Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) is the key agency to provide an economical, reliable and comfortable transport in the state with connecting services to adjoining states.
Figure 3: Road Network in Uttar Pradesh (Source: www.uptransport.org) b) Railways The state is also well-connected to the other states of India by a railway network spanning over 8,890 km. It is the largest railway network in the country. Various parts of the state are catered to by five of the 16 railway zones in India namely Northern Railways, North Eastern Railways, East Central Railways, North Central Railways and West Central Railways. Lucknow is the main junction for the Northern and North Eastern Railways. Intra-state rail network is well-developed, connecting the towns and the district headquarters of Uttar Pradesh.
3 www.ibef.org
Page | 9 Figure 4: Railway Network in the State (Source: Maps of India) c) Airways
The state has six domestic airports, located at Agra, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Kanpur, Lucknow and Varanasi. International flights operate only from Lucknow and Varanasi airports. New airports have been proposed at GautamBuddha Nagar, Shrawasti and Kushinagar districts. The Taj International Airport is the second international airport proposed to be built up in the Delhi-NCR region4.
4 www.ibef.org
Page | 10
Figure 5: Locations of airports in the State (Source: www.ibef.org)
2) Accommodation
In terms of accommodation infrastructure availability across Uttar Pradesh, statistics (2010) from Ministry of Tourism indicate the following accommodation available across the State: Table 3: Tourist Accommodation in the State Accommodation 2009 2010 Facilities available No. of Hotels No. of Rooms No. of Hotels No. of Rooms 5 Star Deluxe 9 1297 9 1371 5 Star 7 974 13 1919 4 Star 4 228 5 270 3 Star 19 749 35 1321 2 Star 3 78 6 24 1 Star 1 26 2 76 Apartment Hotel 1 44 1 44 Time Share Resort 0 0 - - Heritage 1 44 2 65 Unclassified 1 12 - - Silver & Gold - - 167 618 Guest House - - - - Total 46 3452 240 5924 Source: India Tourism Statistics, 2010
Page | 11 As evident from the Table 3, following observations can be made:
1) Carrying capacity of the tourist cities/destinations in the state have increased in 2010 terms of hotel accommodation, especially, in 5star and 3 Star hotels categories.
2) There are some hotel categories that have no presence in UP, for instance, Time Share Resorts. Similarly, inspite of possessing many heritage properties, there is only 2 heritage-rated hotel in all of UP. 3) Major increase can be observed in the Silver and Gold category accommodation.
Page | 12 3. Initial Screening of the Circuits 3.1 Based on Secondary Research
On the basis of desktop research, informal interaction with the local members of travel and tour industry in the state as well as State Tourism Development Corporation, following circuits were identified:
1) Delhi-Mathura-Agra-Jaipur 2) Allahabad-Chitrakoot-Vindhachal-Varanasi 3) Delhi - Lucknow - Sravasti - Kushinagar - Patna - Rajgir - Bodhgaya – Varanasi 4) Delhi - Jaipur - Agra - Khajuraho - Varanasi - Kathmandu - Pokhara - Nagarkot - Kathmandu - Delhi
3.2 Key Parameters 1) Tourist Profile
Type of tourists visiting a destination depends on the nature of destination. They can be broadly categorized into domestic and international tourists. This further affects the physical and socio- economic development of a destination as spending patterns determines the related multiplier effects. It also governs the type and scale of infrastructure required.
The domestic tourism is higher in the state due to a large number of religious sites like Varanasi, Allahabad, Ayodhya and Chitrakoot. Generally, bulk of the pilgrims that comes to visit these locations is low spending. Their average income spending is around Rs.1000/day. This lower spending is possibly due to lower length of stay or low-income profile of tourists (backpackers). Partition of Uttar Pradesh is also an important reason as many of the tourist destinations (hill stations) are now a part of Uttrakhand.
In case of foreign tourists, the scenario is completely different. The average spending is higher i.e., Rs.32,000/day. This spending is specific to locations/cities majorly having World Heritage Sites5.
2) Carrying Capacity and Sustainability
The carrying capacity6 assessment and sustainability of tourism in the circuits identified is an important component of the study as it will form the basis for resource allocation and future development.
The carrying capacity assessment has been done separately for the circuits, based on city population (resident), population density and tourist population and density (floating population). The estimation
5 20 Year Perspective Plan for Uttar Pradesh 2002, Department of Tourism, government of India 6 Carrying capacity is defined as maximum number of individuals than a given environment can support without any adverse impact on it.
Page | 13 has been done by comparing the total density with the city density norms for small, medium and large town / cities set by Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation Guidelines (UDPFI). Only such places have been considered that can offer a sustainable value proposition to the tourists such that when tourism products are offered in those places, they can be maintained as well.
3) Travel and Tour
Generally, tour operators organize trips in such a way that only popular sites can be covered in a given period of time which, consequently, creates more pressure on such destinations. Therefore, while selecting the circuits, attempts have been made to promote the sites situated around these popular destinations which are relatively less developed. These sites will be promoted by providing adequate tourist infrastructure and basic amenities.
4) Safety
Tourist safety has been considered and attempts have been made not to incorporate any such destination which is adversely affected in terms of law and order.
Page | 14 4. Stakeholder Consultations
4.1 State Government
Considering the given mandate, a meeting was held on September1, 2011 in the Chamber of Secretary Tourism between Secretary (GoUP) and representatives of IL&FS IDC for assisting in identifying tourism projects during 12th Five Year Plan. During the meeting, following identified tourist circuits (listed as per priority) was discussed:
1) Braj Circuit: Agra, Mathura, Vrindavan, Fatehpur Sikri, Soor Sarovar, Chambal. 2) Buddhist Circuit: Kapilavastu, Sarnath, Varanasi, Sravasti, Sankisa, Kaushambi, Kushinagar, Lumbini, Bodhgaya. 3) Varanasi Circuit: Varanasi, Vindhyachal, Ramnagar, Chunar, Allahabad, Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandraprabha Wildlife Sanctuary 4) Bundelkhand Circuit: Jhansi, Mahoba, Kakramath, Kalinjar, Deogarh, Samthar, Datia, Khajuraho, Chanderi, Baruasagar, Orchha
Apart from this, location/sites with sufficient land parcel available with the department (Mathura, Greater Noida and Varanasi) were also discussed as a part of development of Tourism Park.
4.2 State Level Consultation
Regarding the given mandate, a state level consultation has also undertaken at Mathura on 24th January, 2012, chaired by Vice Chairman, Mathura Vrindavan Development Authority (MVDA). During this meeting, the key persons and representatives of INTACH, Department of Tourism, Mathura and MVDA were also present and gave their inputs regarding their perspective on tourism development. Table 4: Stakeholders in State Level Consultation S. Stakeholders Designation Location No 1 Mr. Ravindra Singh Principal Secretary, Housing & Urban Development Deptt, Lucknow UP Govt 2 Mr. Manoj Kumar Secretary, Department of Tourism Lucknow Singh 3 Mr. V.K Panwar Vice Chairman, Mathura Vrindavan Development Authority Lucknow 4 Mr. Deepak Goel Conveyor, INTACH Lucknow 5 Mr. Gautam Goel INTACH Mathura
6 Mr. D.K Sharma Tourist Officer, Department of Tourism Mathura
7 Mrs. Deepti Vats Tourist Officer, Department of Tourism Agra
8 Mr. Abhimanyu Senior Research Officer, Department of Tourism Agra
9 Mr. S.P Sharma DFO Mathura
10 Mr. Genda Lal
Page | 15 S. Stakeholders Designation Location No 11 Mr. V.P Singh Assistant
12 Mr. Girish ICD Mathura
13 Mr. A.K Garg P.W.D
14 Mr. A.K Tiwari Jaypee Associate
15 Mr. S.S Johri Water Work Engineer, N.P.P Mathura
16 Mr. J.S U.P Jal Nigam
17 Mr. Rakesh MVDA
4.3 National Level Consultation
During the National-level Stakeholder consultation conducted by the Ministry of Tourism, recommendations were made that Delhi-Agra-Braj circuit should remain the first priority circuit7. Suggestions were also there to add Varanasi with the Buddhist circuits of Bihar. Even a new circuit can be created which will comprise Agra-Khajuraho-Varanasi.
Table 5: Stakeholders in National Level Consultation S.No Stakeholders Designation Organization Location 1 Shri Bharat Bhushan Director Hotel Association of India New Delhi 2 Shri Gour Kanjilal - Indian Association of Tour New Delhi Operators 3 Shri M.D. Kapoor Secretary General Federation of Hotel and New Delhi Restaurant Association of India 4 Shri Mandip Singh President Eco-Tourism Society of India New Delhi Soin 5 Shri Randhir Brar SVP M/S LE Passage to India Tour New Delhi and Travels Pvt Ltd., 6 Shri Tejbir Singh President Adventure Tour Operators New Delhi Anand Association 7 Shri Subhash Verma President Association of Domestic Tour New Delhi Operator of India 8 Shri Varun Shukla General Manager The Lalit Grand Palace Srinagar 9 Ms. Anju Bhatt Associate Head of Sales The Lalit Grand Palace Srinagar
4.4 Ranked List of Circuits
Based on the discussions with various stakeholders at state and national level, following circuits can be covered for infrastructural development during 12th Five Year Plan:
1) Braj-Agra Circuit 2) Buddhist Circuit
7 Minutes of Meeting, held at Ministry of Tourism, 19th October,2011
Page | 16 3) Awadh-Ayodhya Ciruit 4) Allahabad-Varanasi Circuit
The consecutive chapter will be more focussed on the detailed description of the destinations covered during site visit, detailed infrastructure status and related observations. The priority circuit i.e., Braj- Agra Circuit comprises Agra and Mathura as their main entry-exit points, primarily due to its connectivity with major urban centres as well as tourist destinations like New Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, Allahabad etc. It comprises 8 destinations named as under: 1) Mathura 2) Gokul 3) Vrindavan 4) Govardhan 5) Barsana 6) Nandgaon 7) Agra 8) Fatehpur Sikri
4.5 Carrying Capacity Analysis
Tourism carrying capacity is defined as „the maximum number of people that may visit the tourist destination without causing destruction of the physical, economic and socio cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors’ satisfaction.‟ (Alvin Chandy, 2009)
Assessment of TCC is based on three major indicators: Physical-Ecological, Socio-Demographic and Political- Economic.
Physical and Ecological Indicators are based on fixed components (ecological capacity, assimilative capacity) and flexible components (infrastructure systems like water supply, electricity, transportation, etc).
Socio-demographic Indicators refer to social and demographic issues and importance to local communities, as they relate to the presence and growth of tourism. Some of these can be expressed in quantitative terms but most require suitable socio- psychological research.
Political-economic Indicators refer to the impacts of tourism on local economic structures, activities, etc. including competition to other sectors.
The objective of the interventions intended by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India is to improve the quality and quantity of tourism infrastructure at tourist destinations/circuits in a sustainable manner. Hence, for the purposes of this report the primary focus would be on the Physical and Ecological Indicators. It is expected that improvement in physical infrastructure at
Page | 17 destinations/circuits would translate into improvements in the socio-demographic and political- economic conditions of these places.
Figure 6: Methodology for Carrying Capacity Analysis
The methodology for evaluating the available carrying capacity for the tourist destinations of the circuit is illustrated in Figure 6 and is described below:
I. Calculation of Existing Load (LEXISTING)
This is done by calculating the following:
a) Resident Population Density (βRP): This was derived by dividing the existing resident population of the tourist town by its area in hectares (ha.)
b) Domestic Tourist Density (βDT ): This was derived as follows:
Step 1. Domestic Tourist Arrival (TD): Domestic tourist arrivals during peak season (days) was determined.
Step 2. Domestic Tourist stay days in peak seasons (TDSP): Domestic tourist arrival was multiplied by average number of days of tourist stay at that tourist town.
TDSP = TD * Stay Average Days
Step 3. Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season (αDSP): This was evaluated by dividing the number of tourist stay days per season by the number of days comprising the peak season
αDSP = Stay Average Days / Days Peak Season
Step 4. Domestic Tourist Density (βDT): This was evaluated by dividing Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season by area of tourist town in hectares.
βDT = αPS / Area
Page | 18 c) Foreign Tourist Density (βFT ): This was derived as follows:
Step 1. Foreign Tourist Arrival (TF): Foreign tourist arrivals during peak season (days) was determined
Step 2. Tourist stay days in peak seasons (TFSP): Foreign tourist arrival was multiplied by average number of day of stay for tourist at that tourist town.
TFSP = TF * Stay Average Days
Step 3. Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season (αFSP): This was evaluated by dividing the number of tourist stay days per season by the number of days comprising the peak season.
αFSP = Stay Average Days / Days Peak Season Step 4. Foreign Tourist Density: This was evaluated by diving Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season by area of tourist town in hectares.
ΒFT = αPS / Area
Aggregate Peak Density (APD) = Resident Population Density + Domestic Tourist Density +Foreign Tourist Density
APD = βRP + βDT + βFT
Existing Load (LEXISTING) = Aggregate Peak Density * Area of the town
LEXISTING = APD * Area II. Estimation of Carrying Capacity (CC)
a) UDPFI Density (DUDPFI): The Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation Guidelines (UDPFI, 1996) guidelines classifies the towns on the basis of population as mentioned in Table 6. Table 6: UDPFI Density Limits Towns Population Upper Limit Density (PPH) Small Town Less than 50000 125 Medium Town 50000 - 500000 150 Large City More than 500000 150 Metro Cities 175 Small Hill Town 20000 75 Medium Hill Town 20000-80000 90 Large Hill Town More than 80000 90 Source: UDPFI Guidelines, 1996
The densities suggested by the UDPFI guidelines as shown in Table 6 are for the standard cases. Tourist towns which vary from highly eco-sensitive sanctuaries to highly dense pilgrimage places have specific characteristics and carrying capacities. Thus, UDPFI densities need to be adjusted to account for these factors, which is done with the help of Normalizing Density (№)
Page | 19 Normalizing Density (№)
Normalizing density is evaluated as follows:
i. Sites were evaluated on a normalizing index (Ni) of range -10 to +10
Negative Indices were adopted for sites where densities were to be allowed on a conservative scale (i.e. for example places which are ecologically sensitive). Positive Indices were adopted for sites where densities were to be allowed at higher values than prevailing such as pilgrimage towns etc.
ii. The values of the indices were evaluated based on a qualitative assessment with respect to the Physical – Ecological indicators. The indicators that were assessed for the category wise tourist places are summarized in Table 7. Table 7: Physical and Ecological Indicators Physical – Ecological Thematic Areas Indicators Coastal Islands Protected Rural Mountain Urban, Pilgrimage Area Areas Areas Resorts Historic Place Biodiversity Air Quality Noise Pollution Availability of Power Water Waste Management Cultural heritage Tourist infrastructure Land Availability Quality of Transport Infrastructure Source: Countries,E.(Dec,2001). Defining, Measuring and Evaluating Carrying Capacity in European Tourism Destinations.Athens.
Normalizing Density (№) was calculated by multiplying a factor of 10pph by the Normalizing index. Normalizing Density (№) = 10* Ni
(The value of 10pph was derived by establishing the boundary conditions of lower and upper sustainable densities for tourist towns of the relevant categories. To establish the lower limit,
Page | 20 reference was made to the capacity norms cited by World Tourism Organization WTO (Inskeep, 1991). The upper limit was established by determining the densities for saturated tourist towns.)
The Normalizing index (Ni) was evaluated as follows: Each of the applicable indicators for the corresponding thematic area (to which the tourist destination/circuits belong) were ranked on a scale of 0-10. The average of the indicators would give the value of the Normalizing index (Ni).
Carrying Capacity Density (CCD) was calculated by summing up the Upper Limit of the relevant UDPFI density with the Normalizing Density.
Carrying Capacity Density (CCD) = DUDPFI + №
Carrying Capacity (CC) was calculated by multiplying the carrying capacity density with the Area of the respective town in hectares.
Carrying Capacity (CC) = CCD * Area of Town
Available Capacity was finally evaluated by finding the difference between the Carrying Capacity of the tourist town and the Existing Load in the town.
Available Capacity = Carrying Capacity (CC) - Existing Load (LEXISTING)
Table 8: Social and Demographic Indicators Social Demographic Thematic Areas Indicators Coastal Islands Protected Rural Mountain Urban & Pilgrimage Area Areas Areas Resorts Historic Place
Demography
Tourist Flows
Social & Behavioral Aspects Health & Hygiene
Safety Source: Countries,E.(Dec,2001). Defining, Measuring and Evaluating Carrying Capacity in European Tourism Destinations.Athens. Table 9: Political Economic Indicators Political -Economic Thematic Areas Indicators Coastal Islands Protected Rural Areas Mountain Urban & Pilgrimage Area Areas Resorts Historic Place
Tourism Earnings and Investment Employment
Public Expenditure and Revenue Source: Countries,E.(Dec,2001). Defining, Measuring and Evaluating Carrying Capacity in European Tourism Destinations.Athens.
Page | 21 Table 10: Evaluation Criterion for Physical and Ecological Indicators Physical – Ecological Evaluation Criterion Indicators Biodiversity Threatened species, Protected areas as a % of territory and type of ecosystem
Air Quality Population exposure to air pollution - Sox & Nox emission intensities Noise Pollution Sensitivity to noise pollutions. Allowable decibels limit if specified. Availability of Power Hours of regular power supply from all energy sources. Water Intensity of Use of water resources. Drinking water availability @135lpcd. Waste Management Generation of waste, Movement of hazardous waste, Availability of waste management system Cultural & Heritage Listed Buildings and scheduled ancient monuments at risk.
No. of community heritage groups active. Cultural traditions and communities which are at a risk of getting extinct. Tourist infrastructure Availability of tourist infrastructure such as on site accommodation, wayside amenities, signages, restaurants, public convenience, petrol pumps etc. Land Availability Area of Land available for tourism development. Quality of Transport Inter and Intra city transport connectivity in tourist towns. Availability of Last Mile Infrastructure connectivity. Source: White V.,M. G. (2006). Indicators of Sustainibility and Sustainable Tourism: Some Example Sets. Aberdeen: The Macaulay Institute. 4.6 Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Braj-Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Circuit
Following observations can be drawn from Table 11:
Table 11: Carrying Capacity Assessment for Destinations in Priority Circuit District Tourist Destinations Covered Existing Carrying Available Existing Carrying Available Town Load Capacity Capacity Load Capacity Capacity 2010 2020 Mathura Mathura Temples, Kunds, 379093 215510 -163583 475113 215510 -259603 Ghats & Parikrama Vrindavan Temples, Kunds & 72915 49500 -23415 94399 49500 -44899 Ghats Govardhan Parikrama & Kund 23235 205425 182190 29245 205425 176180 Barsana Radha Rani Temple 11976 126585 114609 15609 126585 110976 Nandgaon Nandbhavan Temple 12991 72500 59509 17098 72500 55402 Agra Agra TajMahal, Red Fort, 1717227 2290830 573603 2339822 2290830 -48992 Itmad-ud-Daulah, Chini-Ka-Rauza, Chauburji, Sikandra Fatehpur Buland Darwaza, Jama 46438 152000 105562 74678 152000 77322 Sikri Masjid, Tomb of Salim Chisti Source: Estimations done by Consultant 1) Mathura, Vrindavan, Agra and Fatehpur Sikri have already been saturated and exceeded their carrying capacity limits. 2) These cities will require planned interventions and more investment in city management and basic infrastructure rather than any large scale project.
Page | 22 3) Remaining destinations are still growing and have not received the administrative status of city yet (presently they are Nagar Panchayats). Hence, they have potential for big investments due to land availability and tourist attractions.
Page | 23 5. Infrastructure Assessment in Braj-Agra Circuit
An assessment of tourism infrastructure between major tourist destinations has been done. Each of the destinations and their enroute stretches have been assessed and rated on a scale of A, B, C,D and E wherein, A denotes „Very Good‟, B denotes „Good‟, C denotes „Fair‟, D denotes „Bad‟ and E denotes „Very Bad‟. The infrastructure assessment sheets are presented as Annexure-I.
Among the selected destinations, while Mathura, Gokul, Vrindavan, Govardhan, Barsana and Nandgaon are religious destinations, Agra and Fatehpur Sikri are important for heritage tourism. A brief about these are given below:
1) Braj Region
The major tourist/pilgrim sites in this region include Brajbhoomi, Braj Parikrama, Gokul, Govardhan (26kms from Vrindavan), Barsana (25kms from Vrindavan), Nandgoan and ISKCON Temple. There are various temples, ghats and kunds in these destinations which are of mythological and cultural importance of which Mathura forms the nucleus. These settlements are an integral part of “Braj Mandal Parikrama Chakra”. Major components of each site have been discussed below: a) Mathura This destination comprises kunds, ghats and temples. All these are a part of Mathura Parikrama which is of 12km length and starts with a dip in Yamuna at Vishram Ghat and then devotees walk along the route where several temples, ghats and kunds lie. For instance- Rangeshwar Temple, Bhuteshwar, Kaans Qila, Bhooteshwar Mahadeo, Peepleshwar Mahadeo, and Chamunda Devi. b) Gokul It is known as the town where Lord Krishna was brought up in secrecy in the home of his foster parents. It is nearly 15km from Mathura and is connected by a metalled road. c) Vrindavan This is another important place near Mathura which is famous for its kunds, ghats and temples. It usually takes 2-3 hours to cover this parikrama having a distance of 10 km (6 miles). Places passed on the way are: Mohana Ter, Kaliya Ghat, Madan Mohan Temple, Imli Tal, Sringara Vat, and Keshi Ghat. The main day that people do parikrama of Vrindavan is on Ekadasi. d) Govardhan Parvat It is an important attraction near Mathura which has religious importance and part of an important Parikrama. The parikrama starts by taking bath in Manasi Ganga and then one has to take darshan of Harideva, Manasi Devi and Brahma Kund and have to reach Rinamochana Kund. e) Barsana
Page | 24 It is the birthplace of Radhaji, situated 21 Kms. to the north of Govardhan. It is connected with a regular bus service from Mathura to Barsana via Kosi & Govardhan8. f) Nandgaon At the foot of a hill 51 km north-east of Mathura is situated the venerable village of Nandgaon. It is known as the home of Lord Krishna's foster father Nand, in whose memory a temple is erected on a hill.
According to a pilot survey initiated by Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, the total visitors in the Braj region for the period of 2005-06 were 60.8 lakhs, which accounts for 34.2% of the total tourism of the state9. Since, the tourist arrival will be restricted to certain occasions; estimation for the required infrastructural proposals will be done accordingly.
2) Agra and Fatehpur Sikri
There are more than 200 historical buildings in and around Agra which are centers of tourists‟ attraction for both domestic and foreign. Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Itmad-ud-Daulah, Akbar's Tomb (Sikandra), Jama Masjid, Chini ka Rauza, Ram Bagh and Keetham Lake are important.
Fatehpur Sikri is also an integral part of this circuit, located at a distance of 37 km from the city which includes Jama Masjid, Tomb of Shaikh Salim Chisti, Palace of Jodha Bai, Birbal Bhawan, Karawan Serai and Hiran Minar, Panch Mahal and Diwan-e-Khas.
The profile of tourist visiting Agra-Fatehpur Sikri is different from that of Braj as they comprise tourists of higher income group (domestic) as well as foreign tourists. Generally, foreign tourist comes with structured package tour and has registered more inflow during October-March, where as domestic inflow is more during weekends and special occasions (especially from New Delhi, U.P, M.P and Gujarat). Both the kind of tourists visit selected monuments and do local shopping from selected emporiums that beautifully showcase the local handicraft and artisan work.
The presence of local handicrafts, cuisines, and lesser known beautiful sites has an “untapped” potential of holding tourists to a maximum of 2-3 days stay in the circuit.
5.1 Existing Infrastructure in the Circuit
A detailed assessment of the tourism infrastructure between major points covered in the Braj-Agra Circuit has been mentioned in Annexure 1. Each of the destinations presented has been rated on a scale of A, B, C,D and E wherein, A denotes „Very Good‟, B denotes „Good‟, C denotes „Fair‟, D denotes „Poor‟ and E denotes „Very poor‟. The analysis and observations drawn are discussed below:
8 mathura.nic.in 9 Tourism Master Plan for Braj Region, prepared by IIDC and Braj Foundation, October 2008
Page | 25 1) Braj Region a) Mathura
Pedestrian Walkability Since, the Parikrama Marg is a mix of different types of road segments and land uses (gullies, commercial area etc), it does not possess the character of a heritage trail. The roads are also characterized by mixed traffic conditions as well as designated segregated vehicular movement, hence, makes this area is more vulnerable to accidents.
Figure 7: Existing Condition of Parikrama Marg Lack of Information Signages Parikrama Marg completely lacks in way finding signage systems regarding route demarcation, utilities, facilities and destination demarcation. Existing signages are very rudimentary.
Lack of street lighting Only few stretches of main road have proper street lighting. This has an impact of safety and security of the tourists.
Drainage, sewerage and solid waste management system
Page | 26 There is no functional drainage system in the city. On Parikrama Marg, raw sewerage floating in near stagnant open drains has a very detrimental impact on the ambience offered to religious tourists.
Lack of service facilities There is only 1 public toilet facility on Parikrama Marg at Vishram Ghat and only 3-4 public water taps along the 14km stretch. Seating benches are also rarely found.
Dilapidated condition of Ghats, temples and heritage sites Many sites such as Kans Kila, Digambar Jain Temple, Visham Ghat temples etc are in a very bad condition and hence, needs to be restored as well as redeveloped.
Figure 8: Condition of temples and historic structures in Mathura f) Gokul and Nandgaon
Despite of its mythological importance, most of time pilgrim as well as tourist skip this place. Since, they are situated near Mathura (Gokul) and Kosi Kalan (major diversion route in the region); this place can also be promoted with the help of required interventions such as landscaping, signages, public conveniences etc. g) Vrindavan The major improvements required in the Vrindavan Parikrama Marg are in terms of streetlight, signages, parking facilities, drinking water and public conveniences. Ghats in Vrindavan also needs to be redeveloped, between ISKCON to Kesi.
Page | 27 h) Govardhan Govardhan requires specific improvement in terms of street lighting along Parikrama Marg as well as restoration of kunds. i) Barsana There are nearly 200 steps and steep climb to reach Radha Rani temple which is tiring. Presently, people take assistant of small palanquin carriers which is quite costly at a time. Hence, there is a scope of other mode/alternative to the existing situation. 2) Agra a) Monuments within Agra City
Parking at heritage destinations
Parking availability for tourist vehicles is a major problem. Sites with high tourist inflow such as Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Sikandra are facing serious problem primarily due to lack of land availability. In case of Taj, extension in the existing parking space is required.
Figure 9: Condition of Lesser Known Monuments in Agra
Page | 28 Promotional Issues There is a need to promote few lesser-known monuments that are located near the main attractions but still deprived tourist attention. After the conservation of these monuments, they can also be clubbed in the list of “must see” sites.
According to Tourist officer, Department of Tourism, Agra, people mostly come to see Taj (Agra); they visit Fatehpur Sikri and leave for their respective destinations. Hence, there is a need to promote lesser known monuments amongst tourists. There is also a need to develop some good shopping places/activities by utilizing locally available resources so that tourist stays back at least for a day (night halt).
Infrastructure improvement at lesser known monuments Basic facilities are required at lesser-known monuments such as Itmad-ud-Daulah, Chini-ka- Rauza and Chauburji. Restoration of these monuments is also required.
Lack of basic infrastructure facilities for tourists at destinations To facilitate tourist in the city, Tourist Information Centres (TICs) are required at few locations. Facility of safe drinking water is also required.
Fatehpur Sikri
Fatehpur Sikri requires high attention on basic facilities and issues rather than tourist related infrastructure. The city face requires kind attention from the respective management authorities in following areas:
Figure 10: Existing Facilities at Fatehpur Sikri
o Security issues are more as local guides start chasing and bothering tourist from the toll gate itself which leaves a very wrong impression among tourists. Because of these touts and nasty behavior of some local people, tourists (especially foreign) generally don‟t spend much time at starting and ending points (entrance to monument stretch). It actually hampers income generation at local level.
Page | 29 Figure 11: Condition of Amenities Available for Tourists
o Unavailability of drinking water facility is another drawback in the development of this destination. Though there are projects at city level for providing water supply in this region but still it is a major issue here. Though RO water facility has been provided onsite, restricted water supply makes them inefficient.
o Continuous Power Supply (available only for 3-4 hours) is an important issue. Presently, Tourist complex (accommodation) is powered by invertors while Archeological Survey of India (ASI) has its own sources.
o State Tourism Department has made arrangements at the entrance itself in order to restrict the private vehicles and take tourists through CNG buses. But due to poor management and compliance, tourists drive up to the dargah and hence, create related issues, including pollution.
o There is one Tourist Facilitation Centre at Fatehpur Sikri, setup by UPSTDC right near the entrance gate which comprises dedicated parking for buses and private vehicles, small canteen, public toilet (managed by Sulabh), drinking water (one small tank and tap) and small shopping . But there is no Tourist Information centre at the entrance wherein tourist can get a fair idea about what all places to visit, how to reach, from where to start etc.
Hence, being a UNESCO heritage site, strict regulation and management is required.
Page | 30 6. Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding Table 12: Identified Projects, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding Projects Indicative Cost Implementing Mode of Existing Schemes (in Cr.) Agency funding
Projects for Braj Region Mathura Redevelopment of 8 Irrigation Public MoT/State Govt existing Ghats on western Department/ side of Yamuna ICD (additional amount required, 12cr already sanctioned) Development of eastern 20 Irrigation Public MoT/ State Govt Ghats of Yamuna across Department/IC Vishram Ghat D
Redevelopment of 2 DoT/ C&DS Public MoT/State Govt Balbhadra Kund in Mathura Renovation and 10 MVDA Public MoT/State Govt Conservation of Heritage sites in Mathura Tourism Signages-Braj 10 MVDA Public MoT/State Govt region Desilting of Ghats 5 Irrigation Public National River Department/ Conservation Plan ICD (NRCP), NRCD, MoEF, GoI Gokul Restoration of religious 15 Irrigation Public MoT/State Govt buildings and sites in Department/IC Gokul (kunds and ghats) D
Vrindavan Redevelopment of Kesi 40 Irrigation Public MoT/State Govt/ Ghat Department/ ICD Theme Park across river 25 (10+15) Irrigation PPP & PIDDC/ MoT/State Yamuna (PPP) + Access Department/ Public Govt road + foot over bridge PWD (Public) Govardhan Development of Parking 10 MVDA PPP MoT/State Govt Resurfacing of 26km road 13 PWD PPP MoT/State Govt stretch form Chatikara (Vrindavan) to Radha Kund Resurfacing of 11km road 5 PWD PPP MoT/State Govt stretch between Goverdhan to Barsana Projects for Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Agra Tourist Interpretation 2 UPSTDC Public MoT/ UPSTDC Centre at Taj (Shilpgram) Upgradation of Public 1 ADA PPP MoT/ UPSTDC Conveniences at
Page | 31 Projects Indicative Cost Implementing Mode of Existing Schemes (in Cr.) Agency funding
Shilpgram
Tourist Information 0.02 Department of Public MoT/ UPSTDC Centre (UP tourism) at Tourism New Delhi Airport, Jaipur Airport and Agra Cantt. Station Parking at western gate of 10 ASI/ADA PPP JnNURM, MoUD, Taj (Basement- for GoI through UIG & approx. 300 cars) UIDSSMT sub- missions Security and Access 10 ASI Public control at Taj and Agra Fort Ho-Ho Bus service 5.5 UPSTDC Public connecting all major tourist sites in Agra (10) Development of Night 5 Agra Public JnNURM, MoUD, Bazar (Sadar Bazar Area) Development GoI through UIG & Authority UIDSSMT sub- (ADA) missions Restoration and 12 ASI Public JnNURM, MoUD, Conservation (Chauburji, GoI through UIG & Chini-ka-Rauza, Ram UIDSSMT sub- Bagh, Mehtab Bagh) missions Public conveniences 0.5 ASI Public JnNURM, MoUD, Chini-Ka- Rauza GoI through UIG & UIDSSMT sub- missions Improvement/ 0.5 ASI/PWD Public JnNURM, MoUD, Development of approach GoI through UIG & road to Chauburji UIDSSMT sub- (surfacing the r.o.w., missions street lights) Waste management 0.05 Urban Local Public JnNURM, MoUD, outside Rambagh (bins at Body GoI through UIG & entry gate) UIDSSMT sub- missions Organized Parking 5 Agra PPP JnNURM, MoUD, Facility at Agra Fort Development GoI through UIG & Authority UIDSSMT sub- (ADA) missions Organized Parking at 3 Agra PPP JnNURM, MoUD, Itmad-ud-Daulah Development GoI through UIG & Authority UIDSSMT sub- (ADA) missions Fatehpur Sufi Interpretation and 6 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt Sikri Information Centre (Facilities like site orientation, visual display/documentary and maps) Extension of Existing 0.75 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt Parking
Page | 32 Projects Indicative Cost Implementing Mode of Existing Schemes (in Cr.) Agency funding
Museum 2.5 ASI Public Scheme for Financial Assistance for `Setting Up, Promotion & Strengthening of Regional and Local Museums, Ministry of Culture, GoI Upgradation of Existing 2.5 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt Underutilized Tourist Facilitation Centre (additional facilities like tourist information office, internet café, lounge, better security services, viewing gallery, good restaurant, ATM, Forex and medicine shop) Solid Waste Management 0.2 Agra Public MoT/ State Govt (form entry point to Development monument and Authority surrounding area (ADA) Permanent barrier (check 0.2 PWD/ADA Public MoT/ State Govt post) near Entrance of facilitation centre to restrict vehicles Signages (along route 0.2 ADA Public MoT/ State Govt and visual display at monument entrance) Cultural 5 UPSTDC PPP MoT/ State Govt Centre/amphitheatre for Sufi Events (400-500 audience) Illumination of 1 ASI Public MoT/ State Govt monuments (focus lights) Street lighting (solar 2 ADA Public MoT/ State Govt lighting with backup) Audio guide 0.5 UPSTDC Public MoT/ State Govt (simultaneous language translation in Hindi, English, French and Spanish) Battery Operated vehicles 8 ADA PPP MoT/ State Govt from facilitation centre to monument. Light and Sound show 5 ASI PPP MoT/ State Govt
Landscaping from 0.04 ADA Public UPSTDC Existing Facilitation Centre to Monument entrance Total 251.46 Cr.
Page | 33 Proposed Breakup of Investments: Public Sector : 167.21 Crores Public Private Partnership : 84.25 Crores
Table 13: PPP Bifurcation of the Proposed Projects Projects Indicative Mode of Public Private Cost (in funding Funds Investment Cr.) Vrindavan Theme Park across river Yamuna 10 PPP 2.5 7.5 (PPP) Govardhan Development of Parking 10 PPP 2 8
Resurfacing of 26km road stretch 13 PPP 2.6 10.4 form Chatikara (Vrindavan) to Radha Kund Resurfacing of 11km road stretch 5 PPP 1 4 between Goverdhan to Barsana Agra Upgradation of Public 1 PPP 0.25 0.75 Conveniences at Shilpgram Parking at western gate of Taj 10 PPP 2 8 (Basement- for approx. 300 cars) Organized Parking Facility at 5 PPP 1 4 Agra Fort Organized Parking at Itmad-ud- 3 PPP 0.6 2.4 Daulah Fatehpur Sikri Sufi Interpretation and 6 PPP 1.5 4.5 Information Centre (Facilities like site orientation, visual display/documentary and maps) Extension of Existing Parking 0.75 PPP 0.15 0.6
Upgradation of Existing 2.5 PPP 0.625 1.875 Underutilized Tourist Facilitation Centre (additional facilities like tourist information office, internet café, lounge, better security services, viewing gallery, good restaurant, ATM, Forex and medicine shop) Cultural Centre/amphitheatre for 5 PPP 1.25 3.75 Sufi Events (400-500 audience) Battery Operated vehicles from 8 PPP 2 6 facilitation centre to monument. Light and Sound show 5 PPP 1.25 3.75
Total (in Cr) 84.25 18.73 65.53 Within PPP projects identified, Rs.18.73 Cr can be facilitated from Public Funds while Rs. 65.53 Cr from Private Investment.
Page | 34 Table 14: Expected Employment Generation
Location Expected Employment Generation Mathura 42900 Gokul 11700 Vrindavan 50700 Govardhan 21840 Agra 42564.6 Fathepur Sikri 26434.2 Total Expected Employment Generation 196138.8
Page | 35 Annexure – I: Tourist Infrastructure Assessment of Priority Circuit in Uttar Pradesh
Route New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura Destination Mathura Kunds Mathura Ghats Mathura Temples Enroute/Onsite Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Enroute Distance in km - - - - -
Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-E) D D C Type of Road (metalled, Metalled Metalled Metalled unmetalled)
MDR MDR MDR Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) - - - Lanes 2 2 2 Riding Quality (A-E) D D C
Enroute Transport Modes Used by tourists Private Vehicles, Private Vehicles, Private Vehicles, Buses Buses Buses
(more specific to transport Availability (A-E) - - - access to tourist destinations - - - from various parts of city)
Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability D - C Small food stalls are available C Small food stalls are available
Petrol Pump/ Service Centre C - C - C -
availability Public Convenience C - C - C - availability
Enroute Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-E) E - E - E (Inside the city to directing Rudimentary signages the tourist destinations) Languages Hindi Need to increase Hindi Rudimentary signages (written on Hindi (written on walls) Need to walls) Need to improve improve
On Site Land Ownership of the Site Government/ Private - Government/ Private - Government/ - Private
City/Town Accommodation Type Budget hotels Budget hotels Dharamshalas etc Dharamshalas etc
Capacity N.A N.A - - - Bed Occupancy N.A N.A Sufficiency (A-E) C C
On Site Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) D D D Quality(A-E) D - D - D -
36
Route New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura New Delhi to Mathura Destination Mathura Kunds Mathura Ghats Mathura Temples Enroute/Onsite Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks
On Site Solid Waste Management A-E D - D - D -
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC - AC - AC -
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-E) E E E Availability of Land for D D D future parking - - - Area of this land (approx) N.A N.A N.A
On Site/or in Tourist Information Centers Available(Y/N) N - N N City Quality (A-E) ------Trained Guides Availability (A-E) D - D D
On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-E) D Required both in Hindi and D Required both in Hindi and D Required both in Hindi and English English English
Languages Hindi - Hindi Hindi
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) D Required D Required D Required Quality (A-E) D D D
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) D Required D Required D Required
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C - C - C - Quality (A-E) C - C - C -
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) D - D D Quality (A-E) C - C - C -
37
Route Mathura to Govardhan Govardhan to Barsana Barsana to Nandgaon
Destination Parikrama Marg Barsana (Radha-Rani Temple) Nandgaon Enroute/ Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Onsite Enroute Distance in km 23km - 21km 7km -
Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-E) C Initial 2-3kms stretch from E Road condition is pathetic and C Mathura to Govardhan requires resurfacing. Whole stretch
Type of Road (metalled, Metalled (diversion) is in bad condition Metalled passes through villages and, Metalled unmetalled) due to heavy traffic and market. therefore, has rural character. Typology (NH/SH/ MDR MDR MDR - MDR) Lanes 2 2 2 Riding Quality (A-E) D E D
Enroute Transport (more specific to Modes Used by tourists Private vehicles Private vehicles/State tourism Private vehicle This road is majorly used during Private vehicle transport access to tourist buses drop at Bus stand. festive seasons and religious
destinations from various Availability (A-E) - Tourists have to arrange vehicle - occasions. Whole stretch has rural - parts of city) from there or else rely on local character. - modes.
Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability C - E None of these facilities are available E - Petrol Pump/ Service D - E E - Centre availability Public Convenience D - E E - availability
Enroute Direction Signages (Inside the Sufficiency (A-E) C Mainly milestones are there D Mainly milestones are there showing C city to directing the tourist showing distances distances. - destinations) Languages Hindi, English Hindi, English Hindi, English
On Site Land ownership of the Site Government/Private - Government/ - Government/ - Private Private
City/Town Accommodation Type Hotel/resorts Few hotel/resorts available Ashrams Accommodation facility is almost - Not applicable as tourist doesn‟t between Mathura Govardhan absent as people generally doesn‟t stay here and people only come to Capacity N.A route. stay at Barsana. - see the place where Lord Krishna
Bed Occupancy N.A - spent his childhood
Sufficiency (A-E) N.A -
On Site Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) C Packed water bottles are C Packed water bottles are available. D Packed water bottles are available. available. Quality(A-E) C C D
38
Route Mathura to Govardhan Govardhan to Barsana Barsana to Nandgaon
Destination Parikrama Marg Barsana (Radha-Rani Temple) Nandgaon Enroute/ Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Onsite On Site Solid Waste Management A-E E C - D Required
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC - AC - AC -
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-E) E C D Availability of Land for - - future parking - - Area of this land - - (approx)
On Site/or in Tourist Information Centers Available(Y/N) N Some of the local people have N N City taken up the profession of - Quality (A-E) - guiding tourists. - - Trained Guides Availability (A-E) C C - E
On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-E) D Needs to be increased D Needs to be increased D Needs to be increased Languages Hindi Hindi Hindi
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) C Needs to be increased D Needs to be increased D Quality (A-E) D C C -
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) D Needs to be increased C Improvement required D Improvement required
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C C C Quality (A-E) B - C - C -
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) D C Street lights along route were C affected by power supply. Almost Quality (A-E) - C - D C blackout enroute till the immediate periphery (3kms) from the temple
39
Route Mathura to Agra Agra City (Taj Mahal to Agra Fort) Agra City (Agra fort to BabyTaj)
Destination Taj Mahal Agra Fort Itmad-ud-Daulah (Baby Taj) Enroute/On Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks site Enroute Distance in km 58kms - 4kms - 2kms Congested route
Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-E) B Connected to a major road from B Located at Yamuna Kinara Road B Congested route with heavy SH 62 vehicular inflow Type of Road (metalled, Metalled Metalled Metalled unmetalled) Typology (NH/SH/ SH 62 SH 62 NH 93 MDR) Lanes 2 2 2
Riding Quality (A-E) B B B
Enroute Transport (more specific to Modes Used by tourists UPSRTC buses, private Tourist buses are available in UPSRTC buses, Tourist buses are available in Private vehicles It is among one of the lesser transport access to tourist vehicles package tours. Private car/taxi private vehicles package tours. Private car/taxi known monuments in the city destinations from various hiring for full day covering all hiring for full day covering all parts of city) Availability (A-E) C city monuments is a general C city monuments is a general C practice practice
Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability B Since the destination is within the C Distance between Taj and Fort is D Situated at very short distance city, all facilities are available very less and conveniences are Petrol Pump/ Service B nearby. C available at both the sites D Centre availability Public Convenience D D D availability
Enroute Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-E) C Increase in number of signages is C Increase in number of signages is C advisable. advisable. (Inside the city to directing - the tourist destinations) Languages Hindi, English Hindi, English Hindi, English
On Site Land ownership of the Site Government - Government - Government -
City/Town Accommodation Type Deluxe, 3 Star, 2Star, Good accommodation facility Deluxe, 3 Star, Good accommodation facility Deluxe, 3 Star, 2Star, Good accommodation facility Budget hotel etc available within the city. 2Star, Budget available within the city. Budget hotel etc available within the city. Renowned hotel groups like hotel etc Renowned hotel groups like Renowned hotel groups like Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc are Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc are Capacity - are present in the city. - present in the city. - present in the city Bed Occupancy 70-80% 70-80% 70-80% Sufficiency (A-E) C C C
On Site Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) B Available on site both packed B Available on site both packed B RO water taps available on site bottles as well as water taps with bottles as well as water taps with Quality(A-E) B B B 40
Route Mathura to Agra Agra City (Taj Mahal to Agra Fort) Agra City (Agra fort to BabyTaj)
Destination Taj Mahal Agra Fort Itmad-ud-Daulah (Baby Taj) Enroute/On Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks site RO water facility RO water facility
On Site Solid Waste Management A-E A Site maintained by ASI A - B Waste management outside monument is required. Open drains need to be cover-up
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC - AC - AC -
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-E) B Needs to increase keeping future D No dedicated parking facility D No dedicated parking facility requirement. Land parcel is available. available due to problem of land Availability of Land for Defense Land at western available at western gate which No - availability future parking gate can be developed by Agra Area of this land - Development Authority (ADA) - - (approx)
On Site/ or Tourist Information Available (Y/N) N TIC available only at Agra Cantt. N TIC available only at Agra Cantt. TIC is available only at Agra in City Centers Station and its condition is also Station and its condition is also Cantt. Station and its condition is Quality (A-E) - not good. - not good. Need to provide at Taj also not good. or Fort for onsite assistance. Trained Guides Availability (A-E) - -
On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-E) A Mostly in English A D Languages Hindi, English Hindi, English - Hindi, English -
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) B Limited arrangement done and B Limited arrangement done and C maintained by ASI maintained by ASI - Quality (A-E) B B C
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) B Site maintained by ASI B Site maintained by ASI B Site maintained by ASI
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) B Very costly due to high influx of B C - foreign tourist Quality (A-E) A A - C -
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) B B C - - - Quality (A-E) B B C -
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Route Agra City (Baby Taj to Chauburji) Agra City (Chauburji-Chini-Ka-Rauza) Agra to Fatehpur Sikri
Destination Chauburji Cini-ka-Rauza Fatehpur Sikri Enroute/ Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Onsite Enroute Distance in km 300 m - - - 36 km -
Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-E) B D Encroachment along the B Good Quality Approach Road road (enroute) Type of Road (metalled, Metalled Metalled Metalled unmetalled) Typology (NH/SH/ City road City road MDR (SH) MDR) - Lanes 2 2 2 Riding Quality (A-E) B B A
Enroute Transport (more specific to Modes Used by tourists Auto Rickshaw, Private Auto Rickshaw, UPSRTC buses Convenient destination accessibility only transport access to tourist Taxi Private Taxi (Jaipur), Private through Private vehicles or Para Transit. No - - destinations from various Vehicles (cab etc) Public Transport Connectivity. parts of city) Availability (A-E) C C C
Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability B B D No good quality facilities are available for tourists
Petrol Pump/ Service C - C - C Centre availability - Public Convenience C C D No facility enroute availability
Enroute Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-E) D D C Needs to be increased in English, Hindi and Urdu languages (Inside the city to directing Languages D - D - English, Hindi the tourist destinations)
On Site Land ownership of the Site Govt/Private - Govt/Private - Govt/Private -
City/Town Accommodation Type Deluxe, 3 Star, 2Star, Good accommodation facility Deluxe, 3 Star, Good accommodation UPSTDC - Budget hotel etc available within the city. 2Star, Budget hotel facility available within the Accommodation Renowned hotel groups like etc city. Renowned hotel groups available in City Oberoi-Amarvilas, Trident etc like Oberoi-Amarvilas, Capacity - are present in the city. - Trident etc are present in the - city. Bed Occupancy 70-80% 70-80% 15-20% in peak season
Sufficiency (A-E) Sufficient as the site is majorly considered as C C By-pass destination between Agra and Jaipur
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Route Mathura to Agra Agra City (Taj Mahal to Agra Fort) Agra City (Agra fort to BabyTaj)
Destination Taj Mahal Agra Fort Itmad-ud-Daulah (Baby Taj) Enroute/On Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks site On Site Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E) D It is a lesser known site, D It is a lesser known site, C Though RO plants available, regular water therefore, no proper therefore, no proper supply is a major issue on site. Packaged
Quality(A-E) D arrangement D arrangement C drinking water is carried by tourists. On Site Solid Waste Management A-E D No arrangement D No arrangement B Additional waste bins are required especially at entrance. On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC - AC - AC Continuous power supply is a major issue onsite as it is available for only 3-4hours On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-E) D D C Currently, UPSTDC has made parking facility for tourist vehicles near entrance and
Availability of Land for - - C running CNG buses till monument but “it is future parking - - not managed properly and not strictly Area of this land - - - followed by tourist”, resulting in unauthorized development nearby. (approx) On Site/ or Tourist Information Available (Y/N) N TIC available only at Agra N TIC available only at Agra N Required TIC. Harassment of tourists by in City Centers Cantt. Station and its Cantt. Station and its touts is a major issue right from toll till Quality (A-E) - condition is also not good. - condition is also not good. - monument. This leaves a very wrong impression amongst foreign (majorly) and Trained Guides Availability (A-E) - - C domestic tourist. On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-E) D Required D Required B - Languages - - English, Urdu The information Signages are rusting and peeled off. Some have also fallen off. On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E) D Monument under ASI, work in D Monument under ASI. Need B Currently only open concrete benches are progress attention available. Shaded seating places are needed Quality (A-E) D D B
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-E) E - E - C Available at existing facilitation centre and inside monuments. It needs to be improved at facilitation centre itself as it suffers due to lack of basic infrastructure like regular water supply problem. On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) D D C Quality (A-E) D - D - C On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E) D D B Many Street lights not functioning. Night illumination is interrupted due to power Quality (A-E) - - B D D problem which needs to be improved. Illumination required at monuments.
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