DOCSLIB.ORG

Effect of Ethnic Conflicts on Small Business Development in Southern Kaduna

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effect of Ethnic Conflicts on Small Business Development in Southern Kaduna International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 516 ISSN 2229-5518 EFFECT OF ETHNIC CONFLICTS ON SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN KADUNA Mangbon Tordeng Amos1, Wuranti Valla2, Iseyemi Oluwole Samuel1 1Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal School of Statistics Manchok, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 2Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Experimental Station, Manchok, Kaduna. Corresponding author: [email protected], 08030940135 ABSTRACT Ethnic diversity ushers varieties of benefits leading to unity in diversity, symbiotic relationships, and improved society. Conversely, crisis prevail between groups, resulting from greed, religious and ethnic protection. Southern Kaduna has been characterized by restless diverse society, losing lives and properties, businesses closedIJSER down, and communities dispersed. The study examined the effect of ethnic conflicts, on small businesses development in Southern Kaduna. Applying Cochran’s formula, Samples from infinite population of small businesses in four local governments of Southern Kaduna were collected using questionnaire. Simple observation and stakeholders’ interview provided data for qualitative analysis. SPSS version 22 was used for Quantitative analysis of data. Findings disclosed that crisis disrupted business operations in Southern Kaduna. The study confirmed that businesses folded up and never reopened. The research showed that crisis reduced farm produce patronage. It concluded that small businesses suffered set back because of crisis. It disclosed that Political differences, religion, ethnic interest and power tussle escalated crisis. The research recommends that government should rise above partisan politics and protect lives and properties of the people of Southern Kaduna regardless of ethnic or IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 517 ISSN 2229-5518 religion and encourage security agencies to bring peace disturbers to justice, to revamp small business activities in Southern Kaduna. Key Words: Conflicts, Business, Development, Southern Kaduna, Diversity INTRODUCTION Ethnic diversity ushers in culture, language, intercommunity trade, tourism, knowledge exchange and religious diversity. It brings unity in diversity, symbiotic relationships, and improved society. However, converse to unity in diversity, crisis prevail between groups, resulting from greed, power tussle, religious and ethnic protection. These have been peculiar with Southern Kaduna, characterized by: Feud between diverse groups, Loss of lives and properties, businesses closed down, communities dispersed, and population reduced. The study examined the effect of ethnic conflicts, to determine whether conflicts has constituted a setback in small businesses development in Southern Kaduna. The study was conducted in 4 selected localIJSER government areas of Southern Kaduna. A total of 250 well designed questionnaires were administered to the respondents in 4 selected local government in the ratio of 60:60:65:65, respectively. A Sample size of 250 small businesses were selected from an infinite population of small businesses using Cochran’s formula thus: 풛ퟐ풑풒 풏 = ퟎ 풆ퟐ Where: 푛0 = Sample size Z2= the abscissa of the normal curve that cut off an area α at the tails. IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 518 ISSN 2229-5518 푒2 = the desired level of precision P = the estimated of proportion of an attribute that is presented in population Q = 1- p 5% level of precision for the sample size was computed using Cochran’s formula as follows: Since 푝 = 0.8 Then 푞 = 1- p = 0.2 (1.96)2(0.8)(0.2) no = 0.052 (3.8416)(0.16) no = 0.0025 0.6147 no = = 246 0.0025 no = 246 Approx.= 250 Data from 250 Samples drawn from infinite population of small businesses in four local governments of Southern KadunaIJSER were collected using questionnaire. Simple observations and stakeholders’ interview provided data for qualitative analysis. DATA DISPLAY Applying SPSS Version 22, Chi square and ANOVA were used for Quantitative analysis of data obtained from questionnaire as displayed in the tables 1 – 9 below: Table 1: LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF RESPONDENTS IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 519 ISSN 2229-5518 LGA Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative percent Jama'a 55 24.4 24.4 24.4 49.9 Kachia 55 24.3 Kaura 56 24.8 24.9 73.8 Zangon Kataf 59 26.1 26.2 100.00 Total 225 IJSER99.6 100.0 Table 2: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF RESPONDENTS Percent Valid Cumulative Respond Frequency Percent Percent 12-17 6 2.7 2.7 2.7 18-25 43 19.0 19.4 22.1 Age 26-35 93 41.2 41.9 64.0 36-40 45 19.9 20.3 84.2 IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 520 ISSN 2229-5518 41 > 35 15.5 15.8 100.0 Total 222 98.2 100.0 Christianity 203 89.8 92.3 92.3 Religion Islam 17 7.5 7.7 100.0 Total 220 97.3 100.0 Marital Status Single 67 29.6 30.0 30.0 Married 137 60.6 61.4 91.5 Divorced 5 2.2 2.2 83.7 Separated 7 3.1 3.1 96.9 Widowed 7 3.1 3.1 100.0 Table 3: EDUCATIONALIJSER STATUS OF RESPONDENTS Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Non formal 8 3.5 3.5 3.5 Primary 28 12.4 12.4 15.9 IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 521 ISSN 2229-5518 Secondary 92 40.7 40.7 56.6 Tertiary 87 38.5 38.5 95.1 Illiterate 11 4.9 4.9 100.0 Total 226 100.0 100.0 Table 4: OCCUPATION OF RESPONDENTS Valid Cumulative Occupation Frequency Percent Percent Percent Public Servant 30 IJSER13.3 13.3 13.2 Pastor 2 .9 .9 14.2 Imam 2 .9 .9 15.1 Engineer 8 3.5 3.6 18.7 Business Man 148 65.5 65.8 84.4 Teacher 11 4.9 4.9 89.3 Farmer 17 7.5 7.6 96.9 IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 522 ISSN 2229-5518 Others 7 3.1 3.1 100.0 Total 225 99.6 100.0 Table 5: RESPONDENT’S TYPE OF BUSINESS Valid Cumulative Type of business you are engaged in Frequency Percent Percent Percent Trading and commerce EnterpriseIJSER 66 29.2 30.3 30.3 Small manufacturing Enterprise 35 15.5 16.1 46.3 Service Enterprise 117 51.8 53.7 100.0 Total 218 96.5 100.0 IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 523 ISSN 2229-5518 Table 6: TRADING AND COMMERCE BUSINESSES Percent Valid Cumulative Type of trading and commerce Frequency Percent Percent Retail of crop farm produce 31 13.7 49.2 49.2 Retail of livestock, fishery and 11 4.9 17.5 66.7 poultry product IJSER Retail of mind and forestry product 16 7.1 25.4 92.1 Other products 5 2.2 7.1 100.0 Total 63 27.9 100.0 Table 7: TYPES OF ENTERPRISES Percent Valid ENTERPRISES Baking Frequency Percent Cumulative IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 524 ISSN 2229-5518 Percent Bread 3 1.3 60.0 60.0 BAKING Others 2 .9 40.0 100.0 Total 5 2.2 100.0 Block molding 2 .9 16.7 16.7 Blacksmith 2 .9 16.7 33.3 FABRICATION Welding 8 3.5 66.7 100.0 Total 12 5.3 100.0 Kunu 3 1.3 75.0 75.0 BREWING Ginger drink 1 .4 25.0 100.0 TotalIJSER 4 1.8 100.0 Soap making 8 3.5 66.7 66.7 MANUFACTURING Pomade 2 .9 16.7 83.3 OF TOILETRIES Air freshener 2 .9 16.7 100.0 Total 12 5.3 100.0 Table 8: SERVICE ENTERPRISES IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 525 ISSN 2229-5518 Percent Valid Cumulative ENTERPRISES SERVICE Frequency Percent Percent Laundry 3 1.3 20.7 46.7 car wash 4 1.8 26.7 73.3 Cleaning service shoe cobbling 4 1.8 26.7 100.0 Carpentry 4 1.8 26.7 Total 15 6.6 100.0 barbing saloon 14 6.2 56.0 56.0 Women Hair saloon 10 4.4 40.0 96.0 Saloon service Universal saloon 1 .4 4.0 100.0 Total 25 11.1 100.0 Radio repairs 1 .4 3.8 3.8 watchIJSER repairs 1 .4 3.8 7.7 computer business center 10 4.4 38.5 46.2 Repair service Electronics repairs 4 1.8 15.4 61.5 Auto repairs 10 4.4 38.5 100.0 Total 26 11.5 100.0 Photography 5 2.2 45.5 45.5 Multimedia video coverage 6 2.7 54.5 100.0 Total 11 4.9 100.0 IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 526 ISSN 2229-5518 Table 9: SERVICE ENTERPRISES CONT ENTERPRISES SERVICE Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Decoration 5 2.2 71.4 71.4 DJ/PA system 1 .4 14.3 85.7 Event management Catering 1 .4 14.3 100.0 Total 7 3.1 100.0 Medical 4 1.8 36.4 36.4 Laboratory Health care clinic IJSER7 3.1 63.6 100.0 Total 11 4.9 100.0 Nursery/primary 6 2.7 75.0 75.0 school Education related secondary school 2 .9 25.0 100.0 service Total 8 3.5 100.0 IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 8, August-2020 527 ISSN 2229-5518 FINDINDINGS Findings disclosed that crisis disrupted business operations in Southern Kaduna.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Phaseolus Lunatus L.) in Kaduna State, Nigeria
    Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science 2(2): 1-10, 2018; Article no.AJRCS.43108 Serological Detection and Distribution of Viruses Associated With Lima Beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Kaduna State, Nigeria E. W. Mamman1, B. D. Kashina1, A. C. Wada2* and M. T. Salaudeen2 1Department of Crop Protection, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 2Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author EWM designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors BDK and ACW managed the analyses of the study. Author MTS managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJRCS/2018/43108 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Tavga Sulaiman Rashid, Lecturer, Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural College, Salahaddin University - Erbil, Iraq. Reviewers: (1) Mina Ilyas, University of Lahore, Pakistan. (2) Tan Geok Hun, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/26388 Received 02 July 2018 Accepted 10 September 2018 Original Research Article Published 25 September 2018 ABSTRACT The survey sites used in the present work were visited in November 2012. Leaf samples were collected from Zango-Kataf and Kaura Local Government Areas of Kaduna State. Three locations each were visited for sample collection for serological test for viruses in Zonkwa, Mabushi and Samaru in Zango-Kataf and Mallagum, Manchok and Kagoro in Kaura LGAs respectively. Triple Antibody Sandwich and Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (TAS and DAS ELISA) procedures were employed for the detection of Bean golden mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus, to determine their incidence and distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Campaign Against Electoral Violence – 2007 Kaduna State
    Report on Campaign against Electoral Violence – 2007 Kaduna State With the collaboration of Interfaith Mediation Centre/Nehemiah Foundation International NARRATIVE REPORT OF THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA – CAEVIN UNDER THE AUSPICES OF OXFORD UNIVERSITY & ACTION AID INTERNATIONAL, NIGERIA IMPLEMENTING PARTNER INTERAFAITH MEDIATION CENTRE, 6TH FLOOR EAST WING, HAMZA ZAYYAD HOUSE, #4. MUHAMMADU BUHARI WAY, KADUNA REPORTED BY UMAR FAROUK MOHAMMED SUBMITTED TO ACTION AID INTERNATIONAL, NIGERIA ABUJA DECEMBER, 2007 - 2 - Table of content Page Number 1. Table of content 2 2. Introduction 3 3. Campaign site 4 4. Project location in Kaduna 5 5. Treatment location 10 6. Angwan fatika 10 7. Angwan magarta (John Kaura) 11 8. Control location 11 9. Strategic planning meeting 12 10. Field visit by Dr Pedro C. Vicente & Mr. Austin Emeanua 13 11. Campaign format 14 12. Rehearsal 14 13. Campaign description 15 14. Town hall meeting 17 15. Journaling 18 16. Recallable contention 20 17. Output 21 18. Outcome 21 19. Challenges 22 20. Lesson learned 23 21. Recommendations/conclusion 23 22. Appendix - 3 - THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA Introduction: Electoral history in Nigeria has proved that votes do not count. Violence is used as a medium to make free and fair elections unrealistic and impossible in order for rigging to happen and ultimately to ensure that the people’s mandate does not give out to a qualified person. Electoral violence has left in its wake, culture of might is right and winner takes all. Voter apathy is also a serious aftermath of citizens’ total dissatisfaction with the violence that meet with them at polling stations during elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Analysis of Adult Nutritional Status and Cigarette Smoking in Kaura and Jama’A L
    Rehabili tation Science 2017; 2(2): 41-45 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/rs doi: 10.11648/j.rs.20170202.13 Statistical Analysis of Adult Nutritional Status and Cigarette Smoking in Kaura and Jama’a L. G. A, Kaduna State, Nigeria Mangbon T. Amos 1, Ola O. Babasola 1, Chintem D. G. Williams 1, 2, *, Nlemnchi R. Nnamdi 1, Achusim C. O.3 1Department of Statistics, Federal School of Statistics, Kaduna, Nigeria 2Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 3Department of Statistics, Federal School of Statistics, Enugu, Nigeria Email address: *Corresponding author To cite this article: Mangbon T. Amos, Ola O. Babasola, Chintem D. G. Williams, Nlemnchi R. Nnamdi, Achusim C. O. Statistical Analysis of Adult Nutritional Status and Cigarette Smoking in Kaura and Jama’a L. G. A, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Rehabilitation Science . Vol. 2, No. 2, 2017, pp. 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.rs.20170202.13 Received : February 16, 2017; Accepted : March 24, 2017; Published : April 7, 2017 Abstract: This study was intended to apply statistical analysis to determine adult nutritional status and cigarette smoking in Kaura and Jama’a Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four (4) major towns were selected purposively within the two LGA’s namely Kafanchan, Manchok, Kaura and Kagoro respectively. Fifty 50 questionnaires were administered in each of the four selected towns in the study area, making a total of 200 questionnaires in all. Their dietary habit, food consumption, height and weight of the subjects were taken to determine the Body Mass Index (BMI). The result showed that there is correlation between quantity of cigarette consumed and nutritional status (P< 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • The National Water Rehabilitation Project
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: 36443 PROJECT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT REPORT NIGERIA Public Disclosure Authorized NATIONAL WATER REHABILITATION PROJECT (LOAN 3322-UNI) FIRST MULTI-STATE WATER SUPPLY PROJECT (CREDIT 2372-UNI) SMALL TOWNS WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PILOT PROJECT (CREDIT 3350-UNI) Public Disclosure Authorized June 13,2006 Public Disclosure Authorized Thematic and Global Evaluation Division independent Evaluation Group (IEG) of the World Bank Currency Equivalents (annual average) 1991 US$l.OO Naira 9.91 1998 US$l.OO Naira 21.89 1992 US$l.OO Naira 17.30 1999 US$l.OO Naira 92.34 1993 US$l.OO Naira 22.07 2000 US$l.OO Naira 101-70 1994 US$l.OO Naira 22.00 2001 US$l.OO Naira 1 11.23 1995 US$l.OO Naira 21.90 2002 US$l.OO Naira 120.58 1996 US$l.OO Naira 21.88 2003 US$l.OO Naira 129.22 1997 US$l.OO Naira 2 1.89 2004 US$l.OO Naira 132.89 Abbreviations and Acronyms CAS Country Assistance Strategy CDD Community driven development CPI Consumer price index EU European Union FGN Federal Government of Nigeria FMF Federal Ministry of Finance FMWR Federal Ministry of Water Resources FPCU Federal project coordination unit GDP Gross domestic product GNP Gross national product ICB International competitive bidding ICR Implementation Completion Report IFC International Finance Corporation KSWB Kaduna State Water Board MDG Millennium Development Goals MOF Ministry of Finance NCB National competitive bidding NEPA Nigerian Electric Power Authority, now called NHPC NRW Non Revenue Water, previously called UFW NSWB Niger State Water Board PIU Project Implementation Unit OED Operations Evaluation Department of the World Bank, now IEG UFW Unaccounted for Water, replaced by Non Revenue Water UNDP United Nations Development Program Fiscal Year Government of Nigeria: January 1-December 3 1 Director-General, Evaluation : Mr.Vinod Thomas Director, Independent Evaluation Group : Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethno-Religious Conflicts and Gender in Nigeria's Middle Belt
    ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS AND GENDER IN NIGERIA’S MIDDLE BELT BY PLANGSAT BITRUS DAYIL SUPERVISED BY Insa Nolte CO SUPERVISOR Karin Baber A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of African Studies and Anthropology School of History and Cultures University of Birmingham April 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis explores and analyses the impact of ethno-religious conflicts in the city of Jos and other parts of the Middle Belt and Nigeria on gender relations and the lives of women. The thesis addresses the question of the impact of conflict on women beyond loss of life and property as seen in other literature. It shows how ongoing conflictual relations that are not always violent, but include aspects of political competition disadvantage women. The research locations covered by this research are urban areas. Data for this research was gathered through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 102 respondents, recruited through purposive sampling and willingness to participate in the interview. This thesis argues that the conflict dynamics affect the life chances of women on different levels because women are associated with the transcendence or transgression of group boundaries in their private life.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Scarcity and Coping Strategies in Zangon Kataf L.G.A., Kaduna State, Nigeria
    Abui, et. al.: Water scarcity and coping strategies in Zangon Kataf L.G.A., Kaduna State, Nigeria WATER SCARCITY AND COPING STRATEGIES IN ZANGON KATAF L.G.A., KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA ABUI, Y. M., DAMINA, A. AND GARBA, B. S. Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria, Kaduna State . ISSN: 2141 – 3290 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The paper examines the coping strategies put in place to remedy the problems of water scarcity in Zangon Kataf L.G.A. of Kaduna State. The study covers the four chiefdom; Atyap, Bajju, Kamattan, and Ikulu. A multistage sampling technique was adopted where two districts were selected: Zonzon, Ung/Gaya, Zonkwa, Ung/Rimi, Kamatan, Kangun Ashafa, and Kamuru district for Atyap, Bajju, Angan and Ikulu chiefdom respectively. In addition, two villages were selected at random from each district making a total of 16 villages. A total of 250 people were selected from each district and villages sampled. The data obtained were computed using tables of mean and percentages. The study revealed that majority of the settlement in the local Government Area are faced with water problem. Per capita-consumption of water recorded was below 25 litres/day standard recommended for rural areas. It was also discovered that the area suffered from distance and poor quality of the sources of the domestic water that results to late to schools and working place, the prevalent water-related and waterborne diseases such as Typhoid, Cholera and Belhazia. Some of the coping strategies identified include the improvement on storage facilities, provision of hand dug wells, maintenance of existing sources, water community participation should mobilize benefiting communities of Government water projects on the need to form water user association for attainment of the Sustainable Development of the Nigeria Environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
    FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) KADUNA STATE DIRECTORY OF POLLING UNITS Revised January 2015 DISCLAIMER The contents of this Directory should not be referred to as a legal or administrative document for the purpose of administrative boundary or political claims. Any error of omission or inclusion found should be brought to the attention of the Independent National Electoral Commission. INEC Nigeria Directory of Polling Units Revised January 2015 Page i Table of Contents Pages Disclaimer............................................................................... i Table of Contents ………………………………………………. ii Foreword................................................................................. iv Acknowledgement................................................................... v Summary of Polling Units........................................................ 1 LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS Birnin Gwari...................................................................... 2-13 Chikun.............................................................................. 14-25 Giwa................................................................................. 26-31 Igabi................................................................................. 32-45 Ikara................................................................................. 46-54 Jaba................................................................................. 55-60 Jema'a.............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Health Care Facilities and Human Resources in Kaura Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria
    ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AND HUMAN RESOURCES IN KAURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA BY Sylvester Nkut, BONET P15SCG8539 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRATUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM) DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA JUNE, 2017 i DECLARATION I declare that the work in this dissertation titled ANALYSIS OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES AND HUMAN RESOURCESIN KAURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA was conducted by me; it has not been presented in the department or anywhere for a degree. All quotations and source of information are duly acknowledged by means of references. ____________________________ ________________ BONET, Sylvester Nkut Date ii CERTIFICATION This dissertation titled ANALYSIS OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES AND HUMAN RESOURCESIN KAURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA by Bonet Sylvester Nkut meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master‘s of Science (Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ………………………………… ………………….. ………………….. Dr. B. Akpu Signature Date Chairman, Supervisory Committee ………………………………… ………………….. ………………….. Dr. B. Abdulkarim Signature Date Member, Supervisory Committee ................................................. ………………….. ............................. Dr. A. K. Usman Signature Date Head of Department ................................................. ………………….. ............................. Prof. S. Z. Abubakar Signature Date Dean, Postgraduate School iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated first of all to God Almighty, the creator of life, and to the entire mankind but most of all my beloved family.
    [Show full text]
  • Issn 2320-9186 1168
    GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2020 ISSN 2320-9186 1168 GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2020, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SMALL SCALE TAMBA (Eluesine coracana) PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN KADUNA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA. Chintem D.G.W2, Mangbon T.A1, Wuranti Valla3, Imarhiagbe Patience3 1Department of Statistics, Federal School of Statistics, Manchok, Kaduna State, Nigeria 2Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria 3Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Experimental Station Manchok, Kaduna State *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract The traditional African cereal grains, Finger millet (Eluesine coracana), locally known as Tamba, has not received much research study within the last decade. The tamba cereal has the potentials to contribute significantly to whole grain diets, wellness, economic status improvement, and play important role in food security in Nigeria. Thus this work investigated the resource use efficiency in Tamba production among small scale farmers in Southern Kaduna of Kaduna State. Primary data were collected from 250 small scale Tamba producers with the aid of structured questionnaire drawn from five villages based on their production strength using the simple random sampling technique. The analytical tools employed were descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis technique, correlation analysis and production function analysis. The result of the correlation analysis revealed that educational status, farm size and farming experience had strong positive correlation with Tamba grain output while the result of the Cobb Douglas production function revealed that the coefficients of the production inputs 1, 2 5, were positively significant at 1% level. These also explained that any additional unit of these − − − variable imputes will lead to an additional unit of output of Tamba by 69%.
    [Show full text]
  • Seroprevalence of Swine Influenza a Virus Circulating in Pigs from Southern Kaduna, Nigeria
    Science World Journal Vol. 14(No 3) 2019 www.scienceworldjournal.org ISSN 1597-6343 Published by Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University SEROPREVALENCE OF SWINE INFLUENZA A VIRUS CIRCULATING IN PIGS FROM SOUTHERN KADUNA, NIGERIA 1* 1 1 Kabantiyok Dennis; Abraham Oyiguh and A.J. Dadah Full Length Research Article 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Nigeria. Corresponding Author’s Email Address: [email protected] ABSTRACT relatively stable (Anjorin et al., 2012; Brooks et al., 2007). Influenza virus is shared between humans and swine since the Pigs serve as an important host within which new serotypes can 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. It is a virus of public health arise through genetic reassortment (Steel et al., 2014). The implication. Pigs play an important role in the ecology of Influenza swine-origin 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus, now called H1N1pdm09, as the mixing vessel for the emergence of a novel pandemic contained genes from avian, swine, and human influenza A strains. Three factors supporting the mixing vessel hypothesis viruses(Bautista et al.,2010). The potential to generate novel IVs are: susceptibility of swine to avian and human viruses; has resulted in swine being dubbed “mixing vessels” (Zell et al., reassortment of swine/avian/human viruses’ occurring in pigs 2012). In Nigeria, Swine influenza occurs most often during the which can transmit reassortant influenza virus to humans through Harmattan period (November to January) and earlier (April to occupational exposures. This study provides information on the May), peaking in the raining season. However, numerous studies serotypes of some influenza virus in the pig market in Kaduna of respiratory diseases, including those caused by influenza State.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jos Peace Conference and the Indigene/Settler Question in Nigerian Politics (Draft) Umar Habila Dadem Danfulani ASC, Leiden/University of Jos, Nigeria
    The Jos Peace Conference and the Indigene/Settler Question in Nigerian Politics (Draft) Umar Habila Dadem Danfulani ASC, Leiden/University of Jos, Nigeria Labels such as ‘settler’, ‘native’, ‘non-native’, ‘host community’, ‘foreigner’, ‘native foreigner’, ‘stranger element’, ‘squatter’, ‘non-squatter’, ‘immigrant’, ‘migrant’, ‘indigene’, ‘non-indigene’, mbák, Gambari, Hausa-Fulani, nyamiri, nasara, ngwa, arna, kirdi, and baro among many others are used daily in Nigeria to describe, stigmatise or stereotype the “other” as a category who “does not belong”. Introduction Nigeria is a very highly complex, multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-cultural and multi-religious polity, with a diversity of cultural groups, having some 395 ethnic groups. However, three quarters of these groups are from the Middle-Belt of Nigeria, thus making it a polyglot region, exhibiting almost unparallel diversities in culture and social organisations. Fifty-four of these are from Plateau State, where Bantu and Kwa sub- families of the Benue-Congo and the Chadic-sub group of the Nilo-Saharan or Afro- asiatic family (to which Hausa belongs) meet.1 Rather than nurture harmony and unity, these complex diversities tend to give birth to crises, such that conflicts have become commonplace in Nigeria’s fledging civil rule that it borders on the miraculous that the country has not plunged into civil war or returned to military rule.2 The vicious cycle of violence continues to oscillate between various ethnic groups involving minority and dominant groups. At other times, the religious card is flashed, as is characteristic of Muslim/Christian conflicts throughout most of the north, which is usually about anything (politics, economic control and competition after scarce resources, ethnicity) aside from religion.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration and Violent Conflict in Divided Societies
    Migration and Violent Conflict in Divided Societies Non-Boko Haram violence against Christians in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria Nigeria Conflict Security Analysis Network (NCSAN) World Watch Research March 1, 2015 [email protected] www.theanalytical.org Migration and Violent Conflict in Divided Societies Non-Boko Haram violence against Christians in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria Picture taken by one of the Authors in Mpape, one of the local settlements around Abuja in November 2014. It shows a Muslim Fulani herdsmen moving through the town with his herds and a machete under his arm. (Source: NCSAN) Nigeria Conflict Security Analysis Network (NCSAN) Working Paper No. 1, Abuja, Nigeria Authors: Abdulbarkindo Adamu and Alupse Ben Commissioned by World Watch Research, Open Doors International, Netherlands No copyright - This work is the property of World Watch Research (WWR). Therefore, this work may be freely used and spread but with acknowledgement of WWR. 1 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank other research assistants based in London, Washington, Lagos, Makurdi, Jalingo and Abuja for assisting in gathering the data used in this report. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from World Watch Research of Open Doors International (WWR), Netherlands. Disclaimers Hausa-Fulani Muslim Herdsmen: Throughout the research, the phrase Hausa-Fulani Muslim Herdsmen is used to designate those responsible for the attacks against indigenous Christian communities in the Middle Belt region. However, the study is fully aware that in most reports across northern Nigeria, Muslim-Fulani herdsmen or Fulani herdsmen is also in use. The choice of the Hausa-Fulani Muslim Herdsmen is to accommodate the controversy regarding the identity of those allegedly involved in the attacks, in both formal and informal reports.
    [Show full text]