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094 Genus Leona Evans AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 5 June 2021 Genus Leona Evans, 1937 Large Recluses A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 7, 153 (212 pp.). Type-species: Hesperia leonora Plötz, by original designation. Treated as a synonym of Caenides Holland, 1896 by Lindsey & Miller, 1965 and by Ackery et al., 1995. Treated as a valid genus by Larsen, 2005a: 527. The genus Leona belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809, Tribe Hesperiini Latreille, 1809. Other genera in the Tribe Hesperiini, are Lepella, Prosopalpus, Kedestes, Fulda, Gorgyra, Gyrogra, Teniorhinus, Flandria, Hollandus, Xanthodisca, Acada, Rhabdomantis, Osmodes, Parosmodes, Osphantes, Acleros, Paracleros, Semalea, Hypoleucis, Paronymus, Andronymus, Malaza, Perrotia, Ploetzia, Moltena, Chondrolepis, Zophopetes, Gamia, Artitropa, Mopala, Pteroteinon, Tsitana, Caenides, Monza, Melphina, Melphinyet, Noctulana, Fresna, and Platylesches. Leona (Large Recluses) is an Afrotropical genus of nine species. *Leona binoevatus (Mabille, 1891) Forest Large Recluse Proteides binoevatus Mabille, 1891. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 35: 112 (59-88, 106-121, 168-187). Leona binoevatus (Mabille, 1891). Evans, 1937. Caenides binoevatus (Mabille, 1891). Lindsey & Miller, 1965. Leona binoevatus (Mabille, 1891). Larsen, 2005a. Leona binoevatus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nyong River, Ebogo, Cameroon. December 2007. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2629. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. 1 Leona binoevatus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nyong River, Ebogo, Cameroon. December 2007. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2630. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Type locality: Gabon: “Ogowé”. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Ghana – Kakum (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a); Onitsha (Larsen, 2005a); Ogaja (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Ikom (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Ogove (TL); Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare species throughout its range, most often found in forest undergrowth (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Leona maracanda (Hewitson, 1876) Scarce Large Recluse Hesperia maracanda Hewitson, 1876. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 450 (449-457). Leona maracanda (Hewitson, 1876). Evans, 1937. Caenides maracanda (Hewitson, 1876). Lindsey & Miller, 1965. Leona maracanda (Hewitson, 1876). Larsen, 2005a. Leona maracanda. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 13 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection. 2 Leona maracanda. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Libreville, Gabon. 13 June 2016. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson collection. Leona maracanda undescribed ssp. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 46mm. Chikonke, nr Mwinilunga, N.W. Zambia. April/May ’00. TCEC/IB/MR/PW. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Leona maracanda undescribed ssp. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 51mm. Chikonke, nr Mwinilunga, N.W. Zambia. April/May ’00. TCEC/IB/MR/PW. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: Angola. Distribution: Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia (north-west). Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Tai (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Warri (Larsen, 2005a); Onitsha (Larsen, 2005a). Angola – Uige Province (Mendes et al., 2013). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri (Douglass, vide Larsen, 2005a); Beni, Kivu (Ducarme, vide Larsen, 2005a); Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Chikonke, near Mwinilunga (Congdon et al.; male and female 3 illustrated above). Habitat: Nothing published. Habits: A very rare skipper (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Cock et al., 2014: 52 [ovum, larva & pupa]. Larval food: A climbing rattan palm (Arecaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 17]. Eremospatha sp. (Arecaceae) [Cock et al., 2014; Zambia]. Note: The taxonomy of this species apparently requires investigation (see illustrated specimens, above) (MCW). *Leona lota Evans, 1937 Lesser Large Recluse Leona lota Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 154 (212 pp.). Caenides lota (Evans, 1937). Lindsey & Miller, 1965. Leona lota Evans, 1937. Larsen, 2005a. Leona lota. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Yakoli, Central African Republic. July 1995. SCC. ABRI-2019-2609. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Leona lota. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nyazanga, southern Cameroon. September 1995. SCC. ABRI-2019-2610. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons (Bitje)”. Distribution: Ghana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Specific localities: Ghana – Ankasa (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bitje (TL). 4 Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is an exceedingly rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Leona lena Evans, 1937 Lena Large Recluse Leona lena Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 155 (212 pp.). Caenides lena (Evans, 1937). Lindsey & Miller, 1965. Leona lena Evans, 1937. Larsen, 2005a. Leona lena. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Nyong River, Ebogo, Cameroon. October 2008. ABRI Coll. ABRI-2019-2631. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Leona lena. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mount Cameroon, western Cameroon. January 2014. ABRI Leg. ABRI-2019-2632. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Type locality: Cameroon: “Cameroons (Bitje)”. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Ivory Coast – Banco (Larsen, 2005a); Adiopodoume (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Eket (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Bitje (TL). Gabon – Pointe Pongara (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Habitat: Dense forest of good quality (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A very rare skipper, throughout its range (Larsen, 2005a). 5 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Leona leonora (Plötz, 1879) White-spotted Large Recluse Hesperia leonora Plötz, 1879. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 355 (353-364). Leona leonora (Plötz, 1879). Evans, 1937. Caenides leonora (Plötz, 1879). Lindsey & Miller, 1965. Caenides leonora (Plötz, 1879). Kielland, 1990d. Leona leonora (Plötz, 1879). Larsen, 2005a. Leona leonora. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Dja Forest, Cameroon. September 1996. SCC. ABRI-2019-2426. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Leona leonora. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Oyem, Cameroon. August 1994. SCC. ABRI-2019-2427. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Type locality: Cameroon: “Bei Victoria (Cameroons)’. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon skipper (Larsen, 2005a). Flies at dusk and early in the morning (Kielland, 1990d). Has been seen feeding from papaya flowers (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Possibly Zingiberaceae [Heath et al., 2002; for ssp. dux]. Leona leonora leonora (Plötz, 1879) 6 White-spotted Large Recluse Hesperia leonora Plötz, 1879. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 355 (353-364). Leona leonora leonora (Plötz, 1879). Evans, 1937. Caenides leonora leonora (Plötz, 1879). Lindsey & Miller, 1965. Caenides leonora leonora (Plötz, 1879). Kielland, 1990d. Leona leonora leonora (Plötz, 1879). Larsen, 2005a. Leona leonora. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Dja Forest, Cameroon. September 1996. SCC. ABRI-2019-2426. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Leona leonora. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Oyem, Cameroon. August 1994. SCC. ABRI-2019-2427. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI collection. Type locality: Cameroon: “Bei Victoria (Cameroons)’. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (west). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Harbel (Lindsey & Miller, 1965). Liberia – Wologizi (Safian et al., 2020). Ivory Coast – Gagnoa (Larsen, 2005a); Abidjan (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Accra (Mabille, 1891); Konongo (Larsen, 2005a); Wiawso (C. Belcastro, vide Larsen, 2005a). Togo – Adeli Hohe (Karsch, 1893); Lolobi (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Kabba (Larsen, 2005a); Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Victoria (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018); Central Forest Block (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Tanzania – Kasoge Forest (Kielland, 1990d; single male). xanthagyra Mabille, 1891 (as sp. of Proteides). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 35: 112 (59-88, 106-121, 168-187). Ghana: “Acra”. 7 Leona leonora dux Evans, 1937 Mulanje White-spotted Large Recluse Leona leonora dux Evans, 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae
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