091 Genus Mopala Evans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 10 December 2020 Genus Mopala Evans, 1937 Grass Skipper A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 7, 148 (212 pp.). Type-species: Ismene (?) orma Plötz, by original designation. The genus Mopala belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809, Tribe Hesperiini Latreille, 1809. Other genera in the Tribe Hesperiini, are Lepella, Prosopalpus, Kedestes, Fulda, Gorgyra, Gyrogra, Teniorhinus, Flandria, Hollandus, Xanthodisca, Acada, Rhabdomantis, Osmodes, Parosmodes, Osphantes, Acleros, Paracleros, Semalea, Hypoleucis, Paronymus, Andronymus, Malaza, Perrotia, Ploetzia, Moltena, Chondrolepis, Zophopetes, Gamia, Artitropa, Tsitana, Pteroteinon, Leona, Caenides, Monza, Melphina, Melphinyet, Noctulana, Fresna, and Platylesches. Mopala (Grass Skipper) is a monobasic Afrotropical genus. The larval host plant(s) is unknown (Cock et al., 2014: 4). *Mopala orma (Plötz, 1879) Grass Skipper Ismene? orma Plötz, 1879. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 363 (353-364). Mopala orma Plötz, 1879. Evans, 1937. Mopala orma. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mbalmayo, Cameroon. Jan-Apr 2002. Images MC Williams ex Gardiner Collection. 1 Mopala orma. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Sangmelima, central-south Cameroon. September 1992. SCC. ABRI-2019-2349. Images MC Williams ex ABRI Collection. Type locality: Gabon: “Agoncho”. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (south), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a); Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Liberia – Harbel (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Boti Falls (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Likpe (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Benin – see Coache et al., 2017. Nigeria – Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Benin (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Ikom (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon – Agoncho (TL); Malibe (Vande weghe, 2010); Kinguele (Vande weghe, 2010); Waka (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Kangwe (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Ituri Forest (Ducarme, 2018). Uganda – Mpanga Forest (Safian & Pyrcz, 2020). Habitat: Wet forest in reasonable condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A generally scarce skipper (Larsen, 2005a). They may be found perching on leaves along forest paths (Larsen, 2005a). In Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana, individuals came to the pink flowers of a root parasite on a fig tree, together with Zophopetes cerymica, between 08:30 and 09:00 (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. violascens Plötz, 1882 (as sp. of Hesperia). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 43: 322 (314-344, 436- 456). No locality given. 2.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Fish, Various Invertebrates
Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
[Show full text]
Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest.
[Show full text]
Transgenic Crops.Pdf
MICHEL TEMER President of the Republic ELISEU PADILHA Chief of Staff of the Presidency of the Republic JOSÉ RICARDO ROSENO Special Secretary for Family Farming and Agrarian Development JEFFERSON CORITEAC Deputy Executive Secretary of for Family Farming and Agrarian Development JOSÉ ROBERTO VIEIRA SANTOS Subsecretary of Planning and Management RAQUEL SANTORI Subsecretary of de Agrarian Reordering EVERTON AUGUSTO PAIVA FERREIRA Subsecretary of Family Farming MARCELO MARTINS Subsecretary of Rural Development SORRIVAL DE LIMA Subsecretary of Land Regularization in the Legal Amazon CARLOS EDUARDO BOVO Director of the Coordination of Strategic Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (CGMA / NEAD) WILLY DE LA PIEDRA MESONES Coordinator-General for Strategic Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (CGMA / NEAD) Copyright 2017 MDA mda.gov.br Series NEAD Debate 27 Agrarian Studies and Rural Development Centre/ Coordination of Strategic Management, Monitoring and Evaluation (NEAD) Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco C, 5º andar – sala 543 CEP 70.046-900 Brasília/DF Editorial staff Editorial production: Ana Carolina Fleury and Mariana Camargo Spelling and grammar review: Ana Carolina Fleury, Mariana Camargo and Grafica Ideal Graphic and editorial design: Aline Pereira - Ascom/MDA Transgenic Crops – hazards and uncertainties: More than 750 studies disregarded by the GMOs regulatory bodies / Gilles Ferment ... [ et al. ].– Brasília: Ministry of Agrarian Development, 2017. 450p. _ ( Nead debate ; 27 ) ISBN 978-85- 8354-015- 1 1. Trangenic plants. 2. Agrobiodiversity.
[Show full text]
098 Genus Melphinyet Larsen
AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 20 June 2021 Genus Melphinyet Larsen, 2012 Forest Swifts Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22 (1): 20 (16-23). Type-species: Melphina flavina Evans, 1937, by original designation. The genus Melphinyet belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809, Tribe Hesperiini Latreille, 1809. Other genera in the Tribe Hesperiini, are Lepella, Prosopalpus, Kedestes, Fulda, Gorgyra, Gyrogra, Teniorhinus, Flandria, Hollandus, Xanthodisca, Acada, Rhabdomantis, Osmodes, Parosmodes, Osphantes, Acleros, Paracleros, Semalea, Hypoleucis, Paronymus, Andronymus, Malaza, Perrotia, Ploetzia, Moltena, Chondrolepis, Zophopetes, Gamia, Artitropa, Mopala, Pteroteinon, Leona, Caenides, Monza, Melphina, Tsitana, Noctulana, Fresna, and Platylesches. Melphinyet (Forest Swifts) is an Afrotropical genus of five species. *Melphinyet tarace (Mabille, 1891) Scarce Forest Swift Pamphila tarace Mabille, 1891. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 35: 179 (59-88, 106-121, 168-187). Melphina tarace (Mabille, 1891). Evans, 1937 comb. nov. Melphinyet tarace (Mabille, 1891). Larsen, 2012: 18 comb. nov. Melphinyet tarace. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ankasa, western Ghana. November 2003. RV, SY. ABRI-2019-2686. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI. Melphinyet tarace. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Lukeolela, Democratic Republic of Congo. June 2013. BL. ABRI-2019-2687. Images M.C. Williams ex ABRI. 1 Type locality: Sierra Leone: [Guma Valley]. Place of deposition of type unknown. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Guinea – Ziama (Safian et al., 2020). Sierra Leone – Guma Valley (TL). Ivory Coast – Alepe (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Atewa (Larsen, 2005a); Tano Ofin (Larsen, 2005a); Likpe (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007).
[Show full text]
Butterflies As an Indicator Group for the Conservation Value of the Gola Forests in Sierra Leone
BUTTERFLIES AS AN INDICATOR GROUP FOR THE CONSERVATION VALUE OF THE GOLA FORESTS IN SIERRA LEONE Claudio Belcastro* & Torben B. Larsen** * Lungotevere di Pietro Papa 21 00146 Roma, Italia [email protected] ** 358 Coldharbour Lane London SW9 8PL, UK [email protected] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Less than 5% of Sierra Leone’s original forest cover still exists, though some of that hardly merits the term forest. Besides the remaining forest on the Freetown Peninsula, and the important Loma and Tingi Mountains, with their submontane elements, Gola Forest is the most significant forest in the country. During late April, 2006, a one week field-trip was made to study the butterflies of the Gola Forests by two separate teams, headed by one of the authors of this report. Belcastro also returned to Gola North for three days in early May. In all, 370 species were positively recorded. The estimated total for the area is about 600, accounting for about 80% of the 750 or so known Sierra Leone butterflies. Many rare and interesting butterflies occur and, in general, the Gola Forests are now the westernmost outpost of the West African forest fauna. Many species endemic to Africa west of the Dahomey Gap and to its Liberia subregion were found in Gola. The fact that so many rare and interesting species were collected in, sometimes quite heavily, logged areas of Gola is a strong indicator that the forests have the capacity to return to a state that resembles the original over the next 25 years. In Gola (South), and especially in Gola (North), there appear to be areas of undisturbed forest that act as reservoirs of biodiversity that help to re-populate the regenerating parts of the forest.
[Show full text]
Eriophyoid Mites: Progress and Prognoses Eriophyoid Mites: Progress and Prognoses Edward A
Edward A. Ueckermann Editor Eriophyoid Mites: Progress and Prognoses Eriophyoid Mites: Progress and Prognoses Edward A. Ueckermann Editor Eriophyoid Mites: Progress and Prognoses Previously published in Experimental and Applied Acarology, Volume 51, Nos. 1–3, 2010 123 Editor Edward A. Ueckermann ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute Private Bag X134 Queenswood 0121 Pretoria South Africa [email protected] ISBN: 978-90-481-9561-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010928630 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover Illustration: The tomato rust mite, Aculops lycopersici, photo taken by Dr. Ron Ochoa of the USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Preface E.A. Ueckermann . 1–2 What’s “cool” on eriophyoid mites? E. de Lillo & A. Skoracka . 3–30 Behavioural studies on eriophyoid mites: an overview K. Michalska, A. Skoracka, D. Navia & J.W. Amrine . 31–59 Plant–eriophyoid mite interactions: cellular biochemistry and metabolic responses induced in mite-injured plants. Part I R. Petanovic´ & M. Kielkiewicz . 61–80 Plant–eriophyoid mite interactions: specific and unspecific morphological alterations. Part II R. Petanovic´ & M. Kielkiewicz . 81–91 Host-plant specificity and specialization in eriophyoid mites and their importance for the use of eriophyoid mites as biocontrol agents of weeds A.
[Show full text]
TRACE 2014) Aviemore, Scotland Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology6-10 May 2014
Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology (TRACE 2014) Aviemore, Scotland Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology6-10 May 2014 TRACE 2014 Aviemore, Scotland 6-10 May 2014 1 Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology (TRACE 2014) Aviemore, Scotland 6-10 May 2014 We have great pleasure in welcoming you to the 2014 Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology Conference in Aviemore. It is particularly fitting that TRACE be held here in Scotland, as a significant portion of research has been undertaken on the nearby Rothiemurchus Estate by the University of St Andrews’ Scottish Pine Project (http://www.st- andrews.ac.uk/~rjsw/ScottishPine/) over the past several years. We therefore welcome you to this beautiful area, home to some of the most extensive pristine remnant patches of natural and semi-natural Scots pine woodland in the country. We have an excellent scientific programme to offer you spread across three days, in both oral and poster formats. TRACE 2014 seeks to strengthen the network and scientific exchange of scientists and students involved in the study of tree-rings. It aims at presenting and discussing new discoveries and approaches in wide field of tree-ring science; the scope of the meeting includes all fields of dendrochronology, such as tree-rings in archaeology, climate, geomorphology, glaciology, fire history, forest dynamics, hydrology, physiology, and stable isotopes. This annual meeting has the reputation as a friendly, sociable and intimate gathering that promotes the visibility of postgraduate and early career researchers, and we are looking forward to continuing that tradition. In addition to the scientific programme, we have a conference dinner and ceilidh lined up – hope you brought your kilts and other national costumes! We would like to thank various organisations and companies for their sponsorship of the conference.
[Show full text]
The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest
The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest Research Report The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest Research Report January 2019 Authors: Jeremy Lindsell1, Ransford Agyei2, Daryl Bosu2, Jan Decher3, William Hawthorne4, Cicely Marshall5, Caleb Ofori-Boateng6 & Mark-Oliver Rödel7 1 A Rocha International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK 2 A Rocha Ghana, P.O. Box KN 3480, Kaneshie, Accra, Ghana 3 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany 4 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK 5 Department ofPlant Sciences, University ofCambridge,Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK 6 CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi, Ghana and Herp Conservation Ghana, Ghana 7 Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany Cover images: Atewa Forest tree with epiphytes by Jeremy Lindsell and Blue-moustached Bee-eater Merops mentalis by David Monticelli. Contents Summary...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Recent history of Atewa Forest................................................................................................................................... 9 Current threats
[Show full text]
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in Mangrove Regions of Sierra Leone
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in Mangrove regions of Sierra Leone Full Report January 2018 This work was conducted under the USAID-funded West Africa Biodiversity and Climate Change (WA BiCC) project. The report is an unabridged version of the official USAID report by the same name published as an Abridged Report in May 2017, and available at http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/wa-bicc/wa-bicc-ccva-abridged-ff.pdf. The report was prepared by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) of the Earth Institute of Columbia University. The vulnerability assessment was led by CIESIN under contract with Tetra Tech, and CIESIN also led the analysis and report development. In addition to the CIESIN lead researcher, Sylwia Trzaska, the field research was conducted by a team comprised of representatives from the WA BiCC technical unit in Freetown, Fourah Bay College, Njala University, the National Protected Areas Authority (NPAA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security, the Ministry of Lands, Country Planning and Environment, the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Conservation Society of Sierra Leone and other stakeholders. The authors of the report are Sylwia Trzaska, Alex de Sherbinin, Paola Kim-Blanco, Valentina Mara, Emilie Schnarr, Malanding Jaiteh, and Pinki Mondal at CIESIN. The team wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Zebedee Njisuh, Aiah Lebbie, Samuel Weekes, George Ganda and Michael Balinga. A full list of field research staff can be found in Annex 5 of this report. Without their hard work and dedication under challenging conditions, this vulnerability assessment would not have been possible.
[Show full text]
African Butterfly News Can Be Downloaded Here
JULY 2019 EDITION: ABN 2019 - 4 AFRICAN (MAY AND JUNE 2019) THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ BUTTERFLY SOCIETY OF AFRICA NEWS LATEST NEWS Welcome to July’s newsletter! Winter has arrived on the Highveld and not much is flying at the moment. This may be a positive development, as last season there appeared to be little variation in butterfly numbers between the winter and summer months. KwaZulu-Natal was good in May, but numbers seem to be tailing off now. A reminder that this year’s LepSoc Africa Conference will be held in Knysna on Sat 16 and Sun 17 November. Please contact Dave Edge ([email protected]) to confirm your attendance. In addition to the Conference, Mon 18 Nov has been set aside as a public day, where we intend to search for the Brenton Blue (Orachrysops niobe); the Brenton Blue Trust have put up a R20 000 reward, payable to the first person who rediscovers this critically endangered butterfly. Orachrysops niobe Subject to demand, LSA intend to host a two-day field trip to the Steve Woodhall Kammannassie, camping at Mannetjiesberg on the night of Fri 15 November. Corrections Steve Collins picked up a couple of errors in March’s newsletter: • Dave Richard’s photo of a Charaxes from Rwanda is Charaxes alticola, which I’d misidentified as Charaxes ansorgei ruandana. • The first butterfly in the Butterfly Identification plate (Heteropsis) was titled Heteropsis exocellata, but it is in fact a dry-season Heteropsis pauper. 1 Storage of Lepidoptera collections (Jeremy Dobson) There is an urgent need for LepSoc Africa to find a storage facility for lepidoptera specimens.
[Show full text]
381 Genus Lepella Evans
14th edition (2015). Genus Lepella Evans, 1937 A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 4, 76 (212 pp.). Type-species: Hesperia lepeletier Latreille, by original designation. A monobasic Afrotropical genus. *Lepella lepeletier (Latreille, 1824) Lepeletier’s Sylph Hesperia lepeletier Latreille, 1824 in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 777 (1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]). Paris. Lepella lepeletier (Latreille, 1824). Evans, 1937. Lepella lepeletieri (Latreille, 1824). Kielland, 1990d. [Misspelling of species name]. Lepella lepeletier. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 29mm. Lisombo, Zambia. 29/iii/1977. Fisher. (Gardiner Collection). Type locality: [“Cap de Bonne-Espérance”]. [False locality.] Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan (south), Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia (north-west). Erroneously recorded from South Africa by Trimen, 1866a (as Cyclopides lepeletierii Godart) and Trimen & Bowker, 1889 (as Cyclopides lepeletierii (Latreille, 1823)) (MCW). Specific localities: Nigeria – Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Mambilla Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Rumpi Hills (T. Helps, vide Larsen, 2005a). Kenya – Suna (Larsen, 1991c); Sotik (Larsen, 1991c); Trans-Nzoia (Larsen, 1991c); Mumias (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega (Larsen, 1991c); Kitale (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Ngara District (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga district (Heath et al., 2002); Lisombo (male specimen illustrated above). Habitat: Submontane grassland in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Forest and forest margins in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Colonies are localized but may contain large numbers of individuals (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is bounding (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: 1 Poaceae [Van Someren, 1974: 325; Sevastopulo, 1975].
[Show full text]
Bt Exudates from Roots of Genetically Modified Plants
DEFRA Research Contract EPG 1/5/156 Environmental Impact of Bt Exudates from Roots of Genetically Modified Plants Final Report Prepared by Dr H F Evans Forest Research Alice Holt Lodge Wrecclesham Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH [email protected] April 2002 Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................................i 1 Background and purpose of the review.............................................................................................................1 2 Bacillus thuringiensis as a microbial insecticide...............................................................................................2 2.1 Biology and mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis................................................................................. 2 2.1.1 History of early use of Bacillus thuringiensis......................................................................................... 2 2.1.2 Historical overview of the genetic basis of Bt toxin crystal expression.................................................. 3 2.1.3 Classification of Bt Cry genes................................................................................................................. 3 2.1.4 Structure of the Bt toxin..........................................................................................................................4 2.1.5 Cry genes and the host range of Bt ........................................................................................................
[Show full text]