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History of the Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry

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History of the Seventy-Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Class C:..' . Book ^ 7SU Copyright ]\^ ^ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT.POSIT. / HISTORY OF THE seventy-eighth pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry EDITED BY J. T. GIBSON UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE HISTORICAL COMMITTEE OF THE Regimental Association 1905 Esz7 S .7- LIC3ARY of CONGRESS Two CoDisG Received DEC 14 'iJ05 CcwrigM e.-.try CLAifS d. y>Xc, No, COPY A. THE PITTSBURGH PRINTING CO. PITTSBURGH, PENN'A. COPYRIGHT 1905 BY J. T. GIBSON : ; BATTLES The Seventy-cifihth Regiment took part in three p;reat Epoch- making Battles, namely : Stone River, December, 1862—January, 1863; Chickamauga, September, 1863 Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, November, 1863. In the Stone River, Chickamauga and Atlanta Campaigns, there was hard fighting for many days, and even weeks, before the decisive battles, and we do not attempt to enumerate all these engagements. The most prominent engagements in which the Regiment participated are as follows 1st. Green River, Kentucky—December, 1861. 2nd. Rogersville, Tennessee— May, 1862. 3rd. Lavergne—October 1, 1862. 4th. Neeley's Bend, Tennessee—October 10, 1862. 5th. Goodletsville, Tennessee. 6th. Franklin, Tennessee— December 5, 1862. 7th. Stone River—December 26, 1862—January 3, 1863. 8th. Liberty Gap, Tennessee—January 24, 1863. 9th. Hoover's Gap, Tennessee—January 26, 1863. 10th. McLemore Cove or Dug Gap— September 10-11, 1863. 11th. Chickamauga— September 10-23, 1863. 12th. Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge— Nov., 1863. 13th. Buzzard's Roost, Georgia— May, 1864. 14th. Resacca, Georgia—May 21, 1864. 15th. New Hope Church, Georgia— May 27, 1864. 16th. Kenesaw Mountains—June, 1864. 17th. Fight as Train Guard—June 27, 1864. 18th. Dalton, Georgia—August 14, 1864. 19th. Pulaski, Tennessee. 20th. Nashville. INDEX INTRODUCTION 7 I. Organization of the First Regiment 12 II. From Camp Orr to the Front 23 III. Camps Nevin and Negley, Kentucky 25 IV. Green River, Kentucky— First Noise of Battle . 30 V. Onvvard'to Nashville, Tennessee . 34 VI. The Summer of 1862— Franklin, Columbia, Pulaski, Elkton and Rogersville, Tennessee 38 VII. Buell's Army in Kentucky, Seventy-eighth Regiment at Nash- ville, Tennessee — Neeley's Bend, Lavergne, Franklin ... 41 VIII. The Battle of Stone River— Advance on Murfreesboro— First Day's Battle—Second Day's Battle 47 IX. Provost Guards of Murfreesboro 68 X. Tullahoma Campaign — Liberty Gap, Hoover's Gap, Elk River .... 70 XI. The Chickamauga Campaign 75 XII. Crossing Lookout Mountain into Chickamauga Valley 79 XIII. Concentration of Rosecrans' Army 86 XIV. The Battle of September Nineteenth 92 XV. The Battle of September Twentieth 100 XVI. Observations Concerning the Battle of Chickamauga 119 XVII. Siege of Chattanooga 122 XVIII. The Coming of General Hooker, and the Opening of the Cracker Line—Battle of Wauhatchie 126 5 IN DE y^ — Continued XIX. 130 The Battle of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge XX. On Lookout Mountain ^^9 XXL Atlanta Campaign XXIL Resaca ^^^ XXIIL 147 The Battle of New Hope Church XXIV. 151 The Regiment Ordered to Chattanooga—On Duty as Train Guards .... XXV. 152 Return of the Regiment to be Mustered out of the Service XKVI. Review and Remarks 1^* XXVII. Organization into two Companies of the Veterans and of Soldiers whose terms of Service had not Expired 157 XXVIII. Second Regimental Organization— Sketch of the Concentration of General Thomas' Army at Nashville 158 XXIX. 160 Battle of Nashville XXX. Conclusion 1"^ APPENDIX I. Chickamauga Park 167 II. Dedication of Monument 168 III. Regimental Association 176 IV. Official Report of the Battle of Stone River 178 V. Official Report of the Battle of Chickamauga 185 VI. Origin of this Regimental History 192 VII. Regimental Roster 195 ILLUSTRATIONS 1 General George H. Thomas 9 2 Colonel William Sirwell 13 3 Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Blakeley 21 4 Major Augustus B. Bonnaffon 27 5 Stone River Battlefield 50 6 General Jas. S. Negley 55 7 Charge of the 78th Regiment at the Battle of Stone River 59 8 The Campaign for Chattanooga 76 9 McLemore's Cove 80 10 Lee and Gordon's Mill 87 11 Battle of Chickamauga, September 19th 93 12 The Brotherton House 95 13 The Kelley Field and House 101 14 Battle of Chickamauga, September 20th 107 15 The Snodgrass House 109 16 Snodgrass Hill 115 17 Chattanooga— Lookout Mountain— Missionary Ridge • • 129 18 The Craven House 133 19 The Regimental Monument 163 20 Monument 173 Introduction The 78th Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers organiza- comprises two different organizations. The first October 12, tion was mustered into the United States Service 1864. The connec- 1 86 1, and was mustered out November 4, First, the tion between the two organizations is two-fold. 78th new organization succeeded to the name and number, Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry Volunteers. Second, the term of men who served in the first organization, and whose mustered service had not expired when the old regiment was re-enlisted were out, and the men of the old regiment who had and transferred to Companies A and B of the new regiment, comprised nearly the whole of these two companies in the two new organization. To avoid confusion, we have made served in both distinct rolls, and the names of the men who organizations will appear in both rolls, and the date of muster services and will show how far each one participated in the honors of each organization. for sur- If this Regimental History were designed only viving comrades an outline sketch would be sufficient, and each comrade could, from the store-house of his own memory, fill up the gaps; but, being for all comrades, their descendants and the people of the State, we deem it wise to explain mili- tary terms and give sketches of everyday camp life. If this history were written with special regard for literary beauty, fact or, as a specimen of interesting narrative, we could blend to our and fiction in such a way as to make it more interesting readers; but, being designed for an accurate record of facts, of all fiction, however interesting, must be excluded. Many an the current stories concerning our army experiences have element of truth in them, but they have been so embellished by the exuberant imagination of the narrators that they cannot now be accepted as veritable history, and v^re have introduced only such well authenticated incidents as will enable our read- ers to form a correct estimate of the lives these soldiers led. and the manner of men they were. General George H. Thomas History of the 78th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry The history of every generation centers in a few great names, and its principal events are directed by a few great men. If we would get a correct knowledge of the history of any period or people, we must look at this history from the stand- point of those who directed its great movements. We get the most accurate knowledge of history when we study the bi- ographies of great men. If we would know the history of this country we must study the lives of Washington. Lincoln and the other great men who were national leaders in great national crises. If w^e would understand the history of the military movements during the War of the Rebellion we must study the biographies of Grant. Sherman. Thomas and other great military leaders. Nevertheless, if we study history only in this way we are in danger of losing sight of the fact that these men were but the leaders and not the army. Our coun- try was not saved by the courage, skill and self-sacrifice of a few great commanders alone, but by the courageous, patient patriotism of private soldiers, field and line officers who faced the greatest dangers and made the greatest sacrifices wnth the least hope of reward. It would not be possible to make a record of all the brave acts of these brave men : we may not be able to even call the roll of the men who took an honorable part in the great War of the Rebellion, but there should be a clear, concise and complete history of every organization, and the great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania did w^ell when it made some provision for preparing and preserving such his- tories. It will be our aim in this volume to give a brief his- tory of the 78th Regiment Pennsylvania \^olunteer Infantry, first and second organizations. 12 HISTORY AND ROSTER 78th REGIMENT P. V. I. Organization of the First Regiment The inauguration of President Lincoln, March 4, 1861, was followed by the firing on Fort Sumter on the 12th of April, and this was followed by the President's call for 75,- 000 soldiers to suppress the rebellion. These soldiers were enlisted to serve for three months. Many people. North and South, refused to recognize the gravity of the situation but honest, intelligent, thoughtful and patriotic citizens, North and South, recognized the fact that the nation was on the eve of a desperate civil war. The volcanic forces generated by an attempt to combine freedom and slavery had been rumbling for a quarter of a century and were now about to burst forth with intensest fury. The 75,000 troops called out for three months instead of quelling the rebellion only added fuel to the flames. From the Atlantic to the Pacific, from Canada to the Gulf there was deep anxiety in every truly patriotic heart, while the civilized world was looking on the experiment of a Republican Government with deep interest. When the President of the United States issued his call for 300,000 soldiers to serve for three years or during the war, every town, village and hamlet in the North became a center of military activity and a recruiting station.
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