Europe-Japan Space Science Collaboration

Saku Tsuneta Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

March 7, 2018 JAXA recent science missions

HAYABUSA 2003-2010 HINODE(SOLARUK-B)2006- KAGUYA（SELENE)2007-2009 Asteroid Explorer Solar Observation Lunar Exploration

AKATSUKI 2010- IKAROS 2010 Hisaki 2013 Venus Meteorology Solar Sail Planetary atmosphere

DLR/CNES ESA HAYABUSA2 2014-2020 Hitomi(ASTRO-H) 2016 Arase (ERG) 2016 Asteroid Explorer X-Ray Astronomy Van Allen belt probe ASTRO-H to X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM) Hayabusa 2 • Sample return from a primordial asteroid Ryugu (formerly 1999JU3). • Small lander MASCOT provided by DLR/CNES for surface spectroscopy with microscope. • Small Carry-on Impactor to expose fresh subsurface materials

4 Mission Roadmap for JAXA Space Science and Exploration Projects

Category FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Strategic LiteBIRD Large Class Bepi XARM MMX OR SPICA Colombo

AO Trojan SPS Release

scheduled scheduled scheduled Launch Launch Launch Competitive SLIM Medium scheduled scheduled Class Launch Launch AO Release Destiny+

MoO JUICE CAESAR (Comet ATHENA Astrobiology Exploration Sample Return) JAXA Astrophysics Strategy

ＸＡＲＭ ESA

X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM)

ESA

Inflation Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA)

Big Bang Dark Ages Dark 1st Stars 1st Present Europe Seed of the Structure of Universe

Light satellite for the studies of B- mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection（LiteBIRD） ESA-JAXA SPICA for ESA M5 Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics • SPICA is optimized for mid- and far-IR astronomy. • SPICA unveils the “dusty era” in the Universe (evolution of galaxies), and finds a route to habitable planets (formation of planetary systems). • SPICA is launched at ambient temperature, and cooled down in space. The cryo-cooler system is a key heritage of JAXA ASTRO-H. • To be proposed to the ESA M5 slot as an ESA-led mission.  Baseline specifications  Telescope: 2.5 m aperture  Orbit : S-E L2 Halo Orbit cooled <8 K  Launcher : JAXA H3 Vehicle  Core wavelength: 17–230 mm  Launch Year : Late 2020s SPICA Sensitivity Dramatic improvement AKARI FIS-FTS 10-15 SOFIA

- 2 10-16

Wm 2010's 10-17 1hr) / 1hr)

- HERSCHEL

σ AKARI IRC

10-18 Spitzer ×100 Improvement

10-19 R=300 ALMA SPICA/SAFARI Limiting Line Flux(5 R=25000 2020's 10-20 JWST/MIRI SPICA R=3000 10 20 100 200 350 1000 Wavelength / µm LiteBIRD . JAXA’s strategic large mission candidate . In Phase-A1 (~2 years) for concept development . CMB polarization all-sky surveys for testing Crossed Dragone LFT cosmic inflation mirrors . One of top-priority science goals in JAXA roadmap . δr < 0.001 for full success (w/o delensing) TES array . Launch in 2026-27 w/ JAXA’s H3 rocket for 3-year observations at L2 . Heritages from JAXA’s cryogenic satellites ST/JT coolers . JAXA Phase-A1 team experience: . X-ray satellites, CMB exp., large-scale projects (in high energy physics, ALMA) . Strong support from community in Japan . Listed as a top-priority large-scale project in Master Plan 2017 of Science Council of Japan . International project . Planck legacies/lessons learned (Europe) . High Frequency Telescope (Europe) LiteBIRD (2 ≤ ell ≤ 200) . Expertise of US team in CMB projects . Readout electronics in Canada ISAS Astrophysics and fundamental physics 2020s Lead cryogenic astrophysics missions Cosmic Microwave Background z>>10 and Inflation Hot and Energetic Universe 2028 2022

LiteBIRD (JAXA-led) z=3 ATHENA(ESA-led) Charm (JAXA-led) under assessment Redshift (z)Redshift Galaxy Evolution Formation of Solar Systems SPICA(ESA-led) z=0.5 10-12-10-8 m 10-5-10-4 m 10-3-10-2 m (X-ray) (IR) (Milli-wave) Wavelength (m) 10 ESA/CNES-JAXA

11 ESA-JAXA BepiColombo The two spacecraft mission to the mysterious planet Mercury

• comprehensive observation of Mercury’s magnetic field, magnetosphere, interior, and surface layer. • First full-scale international joint mission between Japan and the European Space Agency (ESA). • 2018 Launch (Arian 5) • 2025 Arrival at Mercury

• ESA: Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) (Full-sphere measurements of Mercury’s surface topography, mineral and chemical composition, and gravitational field) • JAXA: Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) (Dedicated observations of solar wind, magnetic field, magnetosphere, atmosphere and space weather effects) ISAS Planetary science 2020s SPICA(ESA-led) Lead sample & return Solar-power sail to Jupiter Trojan asteroids (JAXA-led) under assessment

Martian Moons JUICE eXplorer(MMX) (ESA -led) (JAXA-led) Asteroid Sample Return BepiColombo Hayabusa, Hayabusa2 MMO(ESA-led) (JAXA-led) SLIM Moon landing (JAXA-led) 13 Martian Moons eXploration = MMX

MMX will make close-up remote sensing and in situ observations of both moons, and return samples from Phobos.

CNES, NASA Martian moons: DLR?, ESA? Phobos，Deimos

Launch Arrival at Mars Sampling Departure Return to Earth

2024 2025 2028 2029 14 DLR DLR CNES CNES JAXA

15 Exploring Gravitational Bodies and SLIM / MMX

Mars

★Initial Exploration ★Full Scale Exploration

Martian Moon Sample Return • Exploration for life • Feasibility study on Mars utilization （MMX： FY 2024） Pinpoint Surface Exploration Long-term Landing Technology on Science Exploration Technology Gravitational Bodies Moon Pinpoint Landing Technology Kaguya ©JAXA ©JAXA ©JAXA ★ ★ Smart Lander for Investigating Moon Exploring Mars Southern Polar Full Scale Utilization (SLIM) • Feasibility study on Mars utilization ©JAXA • Long-term Science Exploration (FY2020) (Ice and Water) ©JAXA • Science Exploration • Technology demonstration aiming Mars (Early 2020’s) exploration • Various activities on the Moon Space Science Cooperation with NASA Eurpoe cooperation with NASA cooperation with ESA

Fiscal 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Year

Operating / Concluded / Operating GEOTAIL’92 MUSES-C（HAYABUSA）’03

ASTRO-EII（SUZAKU）’05 ASTRO-F（AKARI）’05

SOLAR-B（HINODE）’06 ▼ PLANET-C（AKATSUKI） ’10

▼ ▼ Under Being considered ASTRO-H’15 XARM’22 ▼ HAYABUSA2 ’14

Development ▼ MMS ’14 ▼ BepiColombo ’18 SPICA ‘29 ▼ JUICE ’22 ▼ Cooling Chain Core Technology Program ATHENA ’29 ▼ Sounding Sounding Rocket ▼ ▼ Daytime Dynamo ’11,’13 DLR-JAXA ▼CLASP ’15, CLASP2 ‘18 Summary • ISAS has been having intimate collaborations with ESA and European nations in growing number of JAXA-led and ESA-led missions. • Our partnership has been strengthened and deepened in recent years. • Long-term planning is important for large missions. Regular agency-level dialog is essential ingredient for continued collaborations. ESA-JAXA Space Science Collaboration