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ANTARCTIC SCIENCE for BRAZIL an Action Plan for the 2013 – 2022 Period

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ANTARCTIC SCIENCE for BRAZIL an Action Plan for the 2013 – 2022 Period Action Plan Antarctic Science 2013–2022 ANTARCTIC SCIENCE FOR BRAZIL An action plan for the 2013 – 2022 period Brazilian National Committee on Antarctic Research Coordination for Ocean Affairs and Antarctica Secretariat for Policies and Programmes on Research and Development (SEPED) Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Brasilia, 2013 Federative Republic of Brazil President: Dilma Vana Rousseff Vice-President: Michel Temer ! ! Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) Minister: Clelio Campolina Diniz Executive Secretary: João Alberto De Negri ! ! Secretariat for Policies and Programmes on Research and Development (SEPED) Secretary: Carlos Afonso Nobre Coordination for Ocean Affairs and Antarctica: Janice Romaguera Trotte-D uhá Cover: Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) over a berg bit. Photo: Adriana Dalto (UFRJ). Below: Polar Ship Almirante Maximiano, Brazilian Navy. Photo: FURG. Action Plan Antarctic Science 2013–2022 Federative Republic of Brazil Antarctic Science for Brazil President: Dilma Vana Rousseff Vice-President: Michel Temer An action plan for the 2013 – 2022 period ! ! Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) Minister: Clelio Campolina Diniz Workgroup Executive Secretary: João Alberto De Negri ! ! Jefferson C. Simões (UFRGS) - editor Secretariat for Policies and Programmes on Research and Development (SEPED) Secretary: Carlos Afonso Nobre Adriano R. Viana (CENPES) Coordination for Ocean Affairs and Antarctica: Janice Romaguera Trotte-D uhá Eduardo Resende Secchi (FURG) Emília Correia (INPE/UPM) Cover: Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) over a berg bit. Photo: Adriana Dalto (UFRJ). Heitor Evangelista da Silva (UERJ) Below: Polar Ship Almirante Maximiano, Brazilian Navy. Photo: FURG. Ilana E. K. C. Wainer (USP) Lúcia de Siqueira Campos (UFRJ) Maurício Magalhães Mata (FURG) Vivian Helena Pelizzari (USP) Yocie Yoneshigue Valentin (UFRJ) Presentation Summary Introduction Vision Mission Relevance of the Antarctic Science Antarctic political leadership at the beginning of the XXI century Thematic research programmes New research areas Connections to the Arctic Training and integration of Antarctic specialists in the Brazilian S&T system Dissemination and social inclusion of knowledge List of acronyms Map of the Brazilian Antarc tic Programme operation area Action Plan Antarctic Science 2013–2022 Action Plan Antarctic Science 2013–2022 PRESENTATION Antarctic Science for Brazil - an Action Plan for the to science and research projects, notably under the aegis period 2013 – 2022. of National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCTs) dedicated to Antarctic research. The year of 2013 was marked, in the history of Brazilian Antarctic Program – PROANTAR, as a moment of reno- The presence of Member States in Antarctica started slowly, vated enthusiasm and concrete accomplishments, after 30 and fully oriented to an economic-territorialist dimension, but years of activities, made in 2012. nowadays, the environmental and scientific dimensions are the ones to prevail and predominate in the Antarctic Treaty The ultimate goal of PROANTAR is to generate high-level System negotiations. In this spirit, the scientific segment scientific information about Antarctica and its connections becomes an essential tool for the global process of decision with the Earth System, involving cryosphere, oceans, atmo- making activities in Antarctica, and strengthens the strategic sphere and biosphere. It is within this context that one of the role of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation objectives of the National Strategy for Science, Technology (MCTI) in Brazil, as part of PROANTAR. and Innovation for the period 2012-2015 (ENCTI) highlights the promotion and expansion of research activities of inter- Finally, I wish to convey my congratulations to the Brazil- national excellence and recognition over the Antarctic region ian National Committee on Antarctic Research (CONAPA) and its adjacent area, emphasizing its implications for the for the excellent work done for the delivery of this Action South Atlantic. Plan, that shall be fully implemented during the period of 2013-2022. The generation of new scientific knowledge ensures Brazil’s active role in the decision making process on environmental conservation procedures and the future Carlos A. Nobre of the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean, in Secretariat for Policy and Programmes on Research and accordance with article IX of the Antarctic Treaty. The Development (SEPED) implementation of the features contained in the document Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation “Antarctic Science for Brazil - an Action Plan for 2013 – 2022” will promote Brazil as a country to become inter- nationally recognized for its high scientific performance in Antarctic research in that region and in the Southern Ocean. The five programs will be implemented in a sustainable manner, so as to investigate past, present and future environmental processes of impact to the polar region and its implications to South America. These programs can also contribute to an increased role of Brazil in the “Antarctic Treaty System”, in particular, in the context of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), together with ongoing international cooperation within South American nations. The definition of a scientific agenda for PROANTAR, as stated by this Action Plan, allows Brazil to clearly define its objectives pertaining to Antarctic research, from the strategic standpoint of view. It also seeks better opportuni- ties and conditions for a sustained financial support devoted 03 ActionAction PlanPlan AntarcticAntarctic ScienceScience 2013–20222013–2022 SUMMARY Antarctica is one of the most vulnerable regions to in the Southern Oc ean circulation and its interaction climatic variations at the global scale, and the with the sea ice and ice shelves, which may have an atmospheric, biological, cryospheric and oceanic impact on the Brazilian and the South Atlantic processes that take place in the region directly affect climates. Programme 4 "Geodynamics and geological the Brazilian territory. This document proposes the history of Antarctica and its relations with South creation of "five scientific research thematic America" will integrate geoscientific studies to programs" that explore connections between understand the mechanisms that led to the present Antarctic and South American environments, with a geographical configuration of Antarctica since the particular emphasis on processes that affect Brazil. fragmentation of the Gondwana continent, its Such programs also seek to increase Brazil's role in isolation, and the environmental consequences the Antarctic Treaty System, in particular, the resulting from tectonic, paleogeographic and Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research climatic changes occurring over the geologic time. (SCAR)*. Programme 1 "The role of the cryosphere in the Earth system and interactions with South Finally, Programme 5 "Dynamics of the Antarctic America" will investigate the relationship between upper atmosphere, geospace interactions, and Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere climates, connections with South America" will investigate the with an emphasis on the South American continent dynamics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere and the evolution of biogeochemical processes over and the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion on the past 12,000 years. Programme 2 "Biocomplexity the Antarctic climate and its associated ecosystems. of the Antarctic ecosystems, their connections with It will also consider the effects of the Sun-Earth South America and climate change" will give interactions and the impact of high-energy attention to the origin and evolution of Antarctic astrophysical phenomena. biodiversity; its distribution (past and present) and the relationships between the organisms and the This Action Plan also comments on four points to environment that contribute to our understanding of the ensure the quality of t he S&T actions within the biological connections between Antarctica and South Brazilian Antarctic Programme (PROANTAR) over the America. Finally, it will monitor the consequences of next ten years: (1) recommendations for attention regional and global climate change and given to other areas of research, including emerging anthropogenic impacts on these ecosystems. topics that are not included in the five proposed programs; (2) studies on the connections to the Arctic; Programme 3 "Climate Change and the Southern (3) training needs for Antarctic specialists and their Ocean" is designed to investigate physical and subsequent absorption in education and research biogeochemical processes associated with changes centres in the country; and (4) the dissemination and social inclusion of the knowledge generated by * SCAR is an interdisciplinary committee of the International Council for PROANTAR. Science (ICSU), and it is charged with the initiation, promotion and coordination of scientific research in Antarctica. SCAR actions are conducted by scientists nominated by their respective Antarctic research national committees. Besides fulfilling its scientific role, SCAR also provides objective and independent scientific advice to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) and other organizations on issues of science and conservation affecting the management of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. 0402 Action Plan Antarctic Science 2013–2022 Action Plan Antarctic Science 2013–2022 INTRODUCTION After thirty years of existence, it
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