Biodiversity of the Antarctic Flora
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Chile: a Journey to the End of the World in Search of Temperate Rainforest Giants
Eliot Barden Kew Diploma Course 53 July 2017 Chile: A Journey to the end of the world in search of Temperate Rainforest Giants Valdivian Rainforest at Alerce Andino Author May 2017 1 Eliot Barden Kew Diploma Course 53 July 2017 Table of Contents 1. Title Page 2. Contents 3. Table of Figures/Introduction 4. Introduction Continued 5. Introduction Continued 6. Aims 7. Aims Continued / Itinerary 8. Itinerary Continued / Objective / the Santiago Metropolitan Park 9. The Santiago Metropolitan Park Continued 10. The Santiago Metropolitan Park Continued 11. Jardín Botánico Chagual / Jardin Botanico Nacional, Viña del Mar 12. Jardin Botanico Nacional Viña del Mar Continued 13. Jardin Botanico Nacional Viña del Mar Continued 14. Jardin Botanico Nacional Viña del Mar Continued / La Campana National Park 15. La Campana National Park Continued / Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest 16. Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Continued 17. Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Continued 18. Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Continued / Volcano Osorno 19. Volcano Osorno Continued / Vicente Perez Rosales National Park 20. Vicente Perez Rosales National Park Continued / Alerce Andino National Park 21. Alerce Andino National Park Continued 22. Francisco Coloane Marine Park 23. Francisco Coloane Marine Park Continued 24. Francisco Coloane Marine Park Continued / Outcomes 25. Expenditure / Thank you 2 Eliot Barden Kew Diploma Course 53 July 2017 Table of Figures Figure 1.) Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Alerce Andino [Photograph; Author] May (2017) Figure 2. Map of National parks of Chile Figure 3. Map of Chile Figure 4. Santiago Metropolitan Park [Photograph; Author] May (2017) Figure 5. -
Bio 308-Course Guide
COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit. -
Gregory J. Jordan, 7 J. M. Kale Sniderman, 8 Andrew Allen
American Journal of Botany 101 ( 12 ): 2121 – 2135 , 2014 . P ALEO-ANTARCTIC RAINFOREST INTO THE MODERN OLD WORLD TROPICS: THE RICH PAST AND THREATENED FUTURE OF THE “SOUTHERN WET FOREST SURVIVORS” 1 R OBERT M. KOOYMAN , 2,3,12 P ETER W ILF , 4 V IVIANA D. BARREDA , 5 R AYMOND J. CARPENTER , 6 G REGORY J. JORDAN , 7 J. M. KALE S NIDERMAN , 8 A NDREW A LLEN , 2 T IMOTHY J. BRODRIBB , 7 D ARREN C RAYN , 9 T AYLOR S. FEILD , 9 S HAWN W . L AFFAN , 10 C HRISTOPHER H. LUSK , 11 M AURIZIO R OSSETTO , 3 AND P ETER H . W ESTON 3 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2113, Sydney, Australia; 3 National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney 2000, Australia; 4 Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; 5 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET, División Paleobot ánica, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina; 6 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Benham Bldg DX 650 312, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; 7 School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55 Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia; 8 School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; 9 Australian Tropical Herbarium, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia; 10 Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Sydney, Australia; and 11 School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand • Premise of study: Have Gondwanan rainforest fl oral associations survived? Where do they occur today? Have they survived continuously in particular locations? How signifi cant is their living fl oristic signal? We revisit these classic questions in light of signifi cant recent increases in relevant paleobotanical data. -
A Synthesis of the Antarctic Springtail Phylogeographic Record
Insects 2011, 2, 62-82; doi:10.3390/insects2020062 OPEN ACCESS insects ISSN 2075-4450 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/ Review Extreme Glacial Legacies: A Synthesis of the Antarctic Springtail Phylogeographic Record Angela McGaughran 1, Mark I. Stevens 2,*, Ian D. Hogg 3 and Antonio Carapelli 4 1 Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Department for Evolutionary Biology, Spemannstr. 37-39/IV, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 South Australian Museum, and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Adelaide, Australia 3 Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-8-8207-7685; Fax: +61-8-8207-7222. Received: 23 December 2010; in revised form: 15 February 2011 / Accepted: 2 April 2011 / Published: 6 April 2011 Abstract: We review current phylogeographic knowledge from across the Antarctic terrestrial landscape with a focus on springtail taxa. We describe consistent patterns of high genetic diversity and structure among populations which have persisted in glacial refugia across Antarctica over both short (<2 Mya) and long (>10 Mya) timescales. Despite a general concordance of results among species, we explain why location is important in determining population genetic patterns within bioregions. We complete our review by drawing attention to the main limitations in the field of Antarctic phylogeography, namely that the scope of geographic focus is often lacking within studies, and that large gaps remain in our phylogeographic knowledge for most terrestrial groups. -
GUIDE to the MOSSES of CENTRAL FLORIDA with an INTERACTIVE KEY by Frederick B
Go to Index GUIDE TO THE MOSSES OF CENTRAL FLORIDA WITH AN INTERACTIVE KEY by Frederick B. Essig University of South Florida Herbarium Institute for Systematic Botany [Revised March 4, 2020] This guide has been prepared as an adjunct to the Atlas of Florida Plants. It includes an interactive key and illustrated species profile pages. The guide presently focuses on the common mosses of central Florida and includes 59 species, or for some entries just a genus. The guide is a work in progress, with the intention to gradually expand it to include less common species, as well as to expand the area of coverage from Central Florida to the entire state. It will therefore be periodically updated. The guide also includes an index, which includes all species reported as occurring in Florida, with the species included in the key set in bold face and larger type. The index also serves as a list of photo credits for the species included in the species profile pages. The key is in pdf format, with active links to move through the key and to the species profile pages. In the profile pages and the index, there are links to the appropriate pages in the Atlas. To make the guide as broadly useful as possible, simple botanical and/or English terminology has been used, rather than the specialized bryophyte terminology of technical keys. Corrections and suggestions will be greatly appreciated, and should be sent to Fred Essig at [email protected]. 1 Go to Index Interactive Key 1. Plants with distinct upright or leaning, often trunk‐like, stems with multiple leafy side shoots or clusters of compact, bud-like shoots at the tip (Sphagnum, Climacium) p. -
Fildes Peninsula, King George Island (25 De Mayo)
Measure 6 (2009) - Annex Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 125 FILDES PENINSULA, KING GEORGE ISLAND (25 DE MAYO) (Fossil Hill, Holz Stream (Madera Stream), Glacier Dome Bellingshausen (Collins Glacier), Halfthree Point, Suffield Point, Fossil Point, Gradzinski Cove and Skua Cove) INTRODUCTION An area of 1.8 km2 (444,79 acres) in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island (25 de Mayo), South Shetland Islands archipelago, was proposed as a SPA (Special Protected Area) by Chile four decades ago on the grounds of its uniqueness and paleontological richness. The area was officially designated SPA No 12 at ATCM IV (Santiago, 1966). After 42 years under different statuses (SPA, SSSI and ASPA), and numerous scientific studies, it is necessary to review whether these areas can be considered an ASPA, whether or not they can be defined as “an area designated to protect outstanding environmental, scientific, historic, aesthetic or wilderness values”. Paleontological research conducted in the early 1960s by the Chilean geologist Vladimir Covacevich revealed the existence of avian ichnofossils on Fossil Hill. The proximity of these unique fossils to permanent stations was the principal basis for the designation of SPA No 12. Given that Fildes also harbors areas of paleobotanical richness, SPA No 12 was redesignated SSSI No 5 (Site of Special Scientific Interest) at ATCM VIII (Oslo, 1975). Finally, when Annex V entered into force in May 2002, all previously designated SPAs and SSSIs were included as ASPAs, with ASPA No 125 being created from SSSI No 5. In this management plan for the ASPA No 125 it is proposed a division of 8 areas, where the old two areas are included in three new ones, but additionally it is proposed five new areas, on the basis of the new findings and research carried out during the last 20 years. -
On the Flora of Australia
L'IBRARY'OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOUGHT. THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEING AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. r^/f'ORElGN&ENGLISH' <^ . 1859. i^\BOOKSELLERS^.- PR 2G 1.912 Gray Herbarium Harvard University ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION. I I / ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEIKG AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. Reprinted from the JJotany of the Antarctic Expedition, Part III., Flora of Tasmania, Vol. I. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1859. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. § i. Preliminary Remarks. PAGE Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, etc i Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Vegetation of Australia, and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species .... iii^ § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable ; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and degree in different natural groups of plants v Parallelism of features of variability in different groups of individuals (varieties, species, genera, etc.), and in wild and cultivated plants vii Variation a centrifugal force ; the tendency in the progeny of varieties being to depart further from their original types, not to revert to them viii Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately favourable to permanence of specific character x Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ; — its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc xi § 3. -
11. Terrestrial Resource
Terrestrial ecosystems Resource TL1 Plant and animal life in Antarctica is very limited. There conditions. Elsewhere, in the wetter soils, microscopic algae are very few flowering plants and there are no trees or are abundant. Algae living on ice can produce green, bushes. Except in the sub-Antarctic, there are no native yellow and red snow. Fungi occur as microscopic filaments land animals larger than insects, and the diversity of in the soil and also occasionally as small clusters of invertebrates is low. toadstools amongst mosses. Micro-fungi and bacteria are responsible for the breakdown of dead plants to form There are three reasons for this: simple soils, releasing nutrients into the ecosystem. • the Southern Ocean isolates Antarctica from other land One of the major adaptations of Antarctic plants is masses from where colonising organisms must come; their ability to continue photosynthesis and respiration at • within Antarctica, suitable ice-free sites for terrestrial low temperatures, for many lichens below -10°C. The two communities are small and separated either by sea or ice flowering plants are perennials and take several years which act as barriers to colonisation; and to reach maturity and reproduce. Flower development is • the land in summer has rapidly changing temperatures, initiated during one summer, with growth and seed prod- 0.025 BAS strong winds, irregular and limited water and nutrient uction being completed in the next if it is warm enough. Scanning electron microscope picture of Antarctic tardigrade supply, frequent snow falls, and soil movement due to freezing and thawing. Sub-Antarctic islands and nematode worms. -
Dominating the Antarctic Environment: Bryophytes in a Time of Change Jessica Bramley-Alves University of Wollongong, [email protected]
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2014 Dominating the Antarctic environment: bryophytes in a time of change Jessica Bramley-Alves University of Wollongong, [email protected] Diana H. King University of Wollongong, [email protected] Sharon A. Robinson University of Wollongong, [email protected] Rebecca E. Miller University of Wollongong, [email protected] Publication Details Bramley-Alves, J., King, D. H., Robinson, S. A. and Miller, R. E. (2014). Dominating the Antarctic environment: bryophytes in a time of change. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 37 309-324. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Dominating the Antarctic environment: bryophytes in a time of change Abstract Polar ecosystems, and particularly Antarctica, are one of the few environs in which bryophytes dominate the flora. Their ucs cess in these regions is due to bryophytes’ ability to withstand an array of harsh conditions through their poikilohydric lifestyle. However, the unique conditions that allow bryophytes to proliferate over other forms of vegetation also create considerable limitations to growth and photosynthetic activity. High latitude areas are already experiencing some of the most pronounced and rapid climatic change, especially in the Arctic, the Sub-Antarctic Islands and Maritime Antarctica, and these are predicted to continue over the next century. This climatic change is already impacting the flora of the polar regions both via direct and/or indirect impacts on plant species. Water availability and temperature are undoubtedly the most influential factors that determine bryophyte productivity in the Antarctic, but the ozone hole is also having an impact either directly via increased ultraviolet-B radiation and/or indirectly through the increasing wind speeds associated with ozone depletion. -
04 HEBEL.Indd
ANTARCTICA’S VEGETATION: PAST AND CURRENT EVIDENCE 409 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 85: 409-418, 2012 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile SPECIAL FEATURE: 100 YEARS OF ANTARCTIC RESEARCH Early knowledge of Antarctica’s vegetation: Expanding past and current evidence Conocimiento temprano de la vegetación en Antártica: Expandiendo la evidencia pasada y presente INGRID HEBEL1, CAROLINA GALLEGUILLOS1, RICARDO JAÑA2, 3 & MARIA D.C. DACASA-RÜDINGER4 1Departamento Agrícola y Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile 2Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Chile 3Fundación Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario Antártica, Fuego y Patagonia, 21 de Mayo 1690, Punta Arenas, Chile 4Forest Genetics and Forest Plant Breeding, Wood and Forestry Competence Centre, Public Enterprise Sachsenforst, Bonnewitzer Str. 34, 01796 Pirna OT Graupa, Germany *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT To commemorate one hundred years of Roald Amundsen’s reaching the South Pole, we provide a summary of early explorations to Antarctica, in which botanists played an almost anonymous role. Based on multiple observations of vegetation they found and recorded, we review the knowledge available at the end of the nineteenth century to compare with contemporary scientifi c beliefs; connecting them with observations we have collected in fi eld-work. Using the aerial photography from the end of the 1950s of sites we visited, it is noted that opportunities are arising for the understanding of colonization phenomena in areas where ice is retreating. Accounts of research on colonization of new ice-free areas are analyzed as well as how molecular genetics attempts to deduce the early settlements. -
22. DICRANACEAE Schimper
22. DICRANACEAE Schimper Robert R. Ireland Jr. Plants small to large, often in dense tufts. Stems erect, simple or dichotomously to irregularly branched, usually with central strand, often densely radiculose, tips occasionally deciduous. Leaves in several rows around the stem, erect or secund, often falcate-secund, sometimes crispate, short- to long-lanceolate, whole leaves or their tips sometimes deciduous; costa single, usually strong, percurrent to excurrent, sometimes ending in a short to long hyaline awn, smooth, ridged or lamellose on abaxial surface, rhizoids occasionally on adaxial or abaxial surface near leaf base; laminal cells smooth or sometimes distal cells mammillose or papillose on one or both sides, papillae rarely forked, or toothed by projecting cell ends, pitted or nonpitted; proximal cells elongate, often differentiated in alar region, sometimes undifferentiated. Specialized asexual reproduction absent or occasionally present as brood leaves, microphyllous branches, borne in axils of distal leaves or as rhizoidal tubers. Sexual condition autoicous, dioicous or pseudomonoicous. Seta solitary or several per perichaetium, elongate, usually straight, sometimes flexuose or cygneous. Capsule exserted, erect, inclined, or sometimes curved, cylindrical or ovoid, smooth, ridged, furrowed or irregularly wrinkled, sometimes strumose; stomata present or absent, superficial; annulus present or absent, often compound, deciduous or persistent; operculum conic or obliquely rostrate from a conic base; peristome single, usually of 16 lanceolate teeth, deeply divided into 2 or rarely 3 divisions, usually vertically striolate or pitted- striolate proximally, papillose distally. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, naked, sometimes fringed at base, usually covering most of capsule, fugacious. Spores mostly spheric, smooth to papillose. Genera 50–52, species ca. -
History of the Antarctic Flora and Fauna Origins and Evolution of The
335 Reviews HISTORY OF THE ANTARCTIC FLORA AND SHIPPING IN THE CANADIAN NORTH FAUNA THE CHALLENGE OF ARCTIC SHIPPING: SCI- ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF THE ANTARCTIC ENCE, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND BIOTA. Crame, J. A. (editor). 1989. London, The HUMAN VALUES. VanderZwaag, D. L. andLamson, C. Geological Society (Geological Society Special Publica- (editors). 1990. Montreal and Kingston, McGill and tion No. 47). 322 p, illustrated, hard cover. ISBN 0- Queen's University Press. 282 p, illustrated, hard cover. 903317-44-3. £58.00 ISBN 0-7735-0700-0. £33.20. This volume is a record of the papers presented at an This book, as is not immediately obvious from the title, is international discussion meeting on the 'Origins and evo- concerned almost exlusively with Canada, and not at all lution of the Antarctic biota', at The Geological Society, with the Eurasian north, where most Arctic shiping takes London, on 24 and 25 May 1988. The attendance of more place. Nor is the technical side of Arcticshipping dis- than 100 earth and biological scientists representing 15 cussed. But there is nevertheless plenty to say about the countries clearly demonstrated growing interest in the Canadian scene, and our two editors have assembled a subject matter. The introductory summary by the editor is team of eleven specialists to try to explain the complexities particularly useful to the specialist in enabling him to of the present situation, which does indeed require in- select which papers to read in depth. Indirectly, it also formed explanation. reveals how many gaps there are in the content of the book, Commercial navigation in Canadian Arctic waters as is is frequently the case with symposium volumes.