How to Develop an Energy Efficiency Program? 7 Steps to an Energy Efficient Municipality

How to develop an energy efficiency program? 7 steps to an energy efficient municipality

Skopje, January 2016 CIP - Каталогизација во публикација Национална и универзитетска библиотека "Св. Климент Охридски", Скопје

620.9-027.236:352]:005.51(035)

BILJARSKA Mirčeski, Slavica How to develop an energy efficiency program? : 7 steps to an energy efficient municipality / Slavica Biljarska Mirčeski. - Skopje : Strategic development consulting, 2016. - 32 стр. : илустр. ; 24 см

Фусноти кон текстот. - Библиографија: стр. 31-32

ISBN 978-608-65805-7-5 I. Mirčeski, Slavica Biljarska види Biljarska Mirčeski, Slavica а) Енергетска ефикасност - Општини - Изработка на програми - Прирачници COBISS.MK-ID 100605962

2 How to develop an energy efficiency program? INTRODUCTION

Municipalities play a vital role in the implemented for a period of 18 efforts undertaken at an international, months (2014-2016) and aims at in- national and local level towards im- creasing the efficiency of energy use proving energy efficiency and use of in Macedonian municipalities by en- renewable energy sources. Energy ef- hancing the capacity of local authori- ficiency is one of the safest invest- ties in identifying and implementing ments of a municipality if one consid- energy efficient opportunities in the ers that financial savings and invest- municipal sector. The project’s realiza- ment payback are almost always guar- tion includes the support provided to anteed. Creating and implementing a 8 municipalities (Radovis, Staro Nago- municipal energy efficiency program ricane, Novaci, Kavadarci, Pehcevo, is an effective and key first step in that Brvenica, Lozovo and Rosoman) in direction. drafting documents that are important for EE of the municipality (munici- This guide gives an answer to the pal EE programs, municipal EE action question how to develop an energy plans, pre-feasibility study etc.) and efficiency program, and it is intended experience sharing with all municipal- at guiding the municipal administra- ities throughout the country. tion (mayor, municipal council, EE manager, EE administrator etc.) step by The development of a municipal ener- step through the process of creating gy efficiency program is an obligation an efficient and attainable energy -ef arising from the Law on Energy, refer- ficiency program and its implementa- ring to a three-year period. The pro- tion. The guide has been drafted by gram is implemented through annual the Strategic Development Consulting action plans and reporting on com- within World Bank-funded project pleted actions during the previous “Promoting Energy Efficiency in Mace- year, which contain specific measures donian Municipalities”, through the that need to be undertaken towards Energy Sector Management Assis- achieving the projected goals. tance Program (ESMAP). The project is

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 3 4 How to develop an energy efficiency program? LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ЕЕ – Energy Efficiency MEEP – Municipal Energy Efficiency Program EE Manager – Energy Efficiency Manager ЕЕ Administrator – Energy Efficiency Administrator ЕU – European Union RM – Republic of Macedonia MEM – Municipal Energy Manager RES – Renewable Energy Sources AP – Action Plan ktoe – kilo-ton equivalent MWh – megawatt hour kWh – kilowatt hour

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 5 6 How to develop an energy efficiency program? CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...... 3 CONTENTS...... 7 WHY IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPORTANT FOR MUNICIPALITIES?...... 8 EE OBLIGATIONS: MUNICIPALITY – REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA – EU...... 9 MUNICIPAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM...... 13 HOW TO BEGIN?...... 14 STEP 1: MAKE A RECORD OF THE CURRENT STATE...... 17 STEP 2: ANALYZE THE POTENTIALS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES...... 20 STEP 3: DEFINE ENERGY EFFICIENCY GOALS...... 28 STEP 4: ANTICIPATE CHALLENGES AND CONSIDER POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS...... 30 STEP 5: CREATE A TIMEFRAME AND AN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN...... 33 STEP 6: PREPARE PROGRAM AND PUT IT FORWARD FOR ADOPTION...... 35 STEP 7: MONITOR IMPLEMENTATION AND REPORT ON IT...... 38 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION AND INVOLVEMENT...... 39

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 7 WHY IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPORTANT FOR MUNICIPALITIES?

Energy efficiency (EE) is a way of In addition, municipalities can also managing energy consumption improve their services through the and stopping unproductive energy introduction of EE measures. There- spending, in other words, intelligent fore, energy efficiency implementa- use of energy resources at disposal. tion should not be seen exclusively as a legal obligation, but an oppor- tunity for long-term economic and Energy efficiency does not mean sustainable development. simplified energy savings at the expense of living quality, but production or Municipalities play a significant role achievement of proper living and in the promotion of energy efficiency working environment (even their through development and implementation of strategies that improve improvement) with less energy energy efficiency in buildings and consumption! activities in their jurisdiction (administrative buildings, schools, kindergartens, street lighting etc.) and/or Energy efficiency is very important through stimulating improvements for the economy of the municipality regarding energy efficiency in hous- and the country in general. It aims ing buildings, commercial facilities or at reducing the energy costs and the industrial sector. They can serve producing financial savings in the as heralds in the enhancement of EE, municipal budget by way of spent models for motivation of the private energy. This will result in a possibility sector and other stakeholders. to reallocate saved funds for other The proper and efficient creation of priority needs or new EE projects, the energy system requires a combi- contribute to the development of local entrepreneurship and opening of new jobs, as well as reduce the effects on environment. It is desirable that local authorities include energy efficiency and renewable energy sources in the local Energy efficiency implementation development plans and strategic represents a source of income and documents. The commitment to energy increased fiscal accountability of the efficiency can be expressed in the municipality. municipality’s mission and vision.

8 How to develop an energy efficiency program? nation of several measures, such as: reducing the need for energy, use of renewable energy sources, application of new technologies in construction, application of heat insulation etc.

EE OBLIGATIONS: MUNICIPALITY – REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA – EU

EU Roadmaps on Energy Efficiency and Related En- vironmental Aspects and the Energy The European Union has developed Community Treaty (Detailed infor- a strong strategic, but also legisla- mation about these documents is tive framework, which provides the provided in Annex 1). prerequisites and ensures the utilization of a vast potential of energy The complete regulations on EU en- savings. In line with Stabilization ergy efficiency in the EU are available and Association Agreement with at http://europa.eu/legislation_sum- the EU1, the Republic of Macedonia maries/energy/european_energy_ needs to harmonize its legislation policy/index_en.htm with the EU Acquis. Improvement of the energy efficiency, use of re- The Covenant of Mayors is signifi- newable energy sources, as well as cant on a municipal level, initiated by analysis and review of the effect of the European Commission in 2008. energy production and consumption It represents a voluntary treaty by on the environment are some of the which mayors oblige themselves to requirements contained in Article 99 apply specific energy efficiency mea- of the Agreement. sures that lead to reduction of CO2 emissions in their cities/municipal- Significant international treaties and ities by more than 20% up to 2020, protocols aiming to stimulate ener- in line with the 2007 draft- Energy gy efficiency are: the Energy Charter Policy for Europe. Treaty, the Energy Charter Protocol

1 Official Gazette of RM No.28/01

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 9 tional energy markets in com- The Covenant of Mayors has been pliance with commitments un- signed by three2 municipalities in the dertaken through the ratified Republic of Macedonia: City of Skopje, international treaties; 5) Increasing energy efficiency Tetovo and Kocani. and promoting the use of renewable energy sources; and 2 6) Protecting the environment from the negative effects when Legal framework on energy conducting certain activities in efficiency in the Republic of the energy field. Macedonia According to the law, the Govern- The legal framework on energy effi- ment of RM adopts an Energy De- ciency in the Republic of Macedonia velopment Strategy for a period of is presented in: 20 years, revising it every 5 years, as - Law on Energy3; well as a Program for implementa- - Energy Development Strat- tion of the Energy Development egy4; and Strategy. - Energy Efficiency Promotion Strategy5. The policy on efficient energy use is established by the Energy Efficien- The objective of the Law on Energy cy Strategy, which is adopted by is to provide: the Government upon the proposal 1) Safe, secure and quality supply of the competent ministry (Ministry of energy and energy sources to of Economy), referring to a ten-year consumers; period, in compliance with the Ener- 2) Creating an efficient, competi- gy Development Strategy. tive and financially sustainable energy sector; The Energy Efficiency Promotion 3) Promoting competition at en- Strategy in the Republic of Macedo- ergy markets by respecting the nia up to 2020 was adopted in Sep- principles of non-discrimination, tember 2010. The strategy establish- objectivity and transparency; es the framework for improvement 4) Integrating the energy markets of the situation of sustainable energy of the Republic of Macedonia use through adoption and imple- into the regional and interna- mentation of legal and regulatory measures, institutional enhancement 2 http://www.covenantofmayors.eu [acceded on 15.01.2016]‑ and recruiting, social and financial 3 Official Gazette of RM No.16/11, 79/13 and measures, as well as a number of 164/13 technical programs and initiatives 4 Available at http://www.ea.gov.mk 5 Official Gazette of RM No.143/10 intended for consumers.

10 How to develop an energy efficiency program? The Strategy envisages energy savings exceeding 9% by 2018, compared to the energy efficien- average consumption in the five-year cy. They are available at the website of the Energy Agen- period 2002-2006 (147кtoe), in parallel with cy http://www.ea.gov.mk/. the promotion of energy efficiency, as well as monitoring and verification by 2020. As a signatory of the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Republic of

National annual indicative targets for energy savings 2018 (ktoe) 147.2

Projected annual energy savings by Sector the end of 2018 Housing 40.51 Business sector and utilities 24.19 Industry 90.45 Transport 44.63 Total projected energy savings 199.78 Picture 1: National indicative energy savings targets in ktoe

For the purpose of implementing Macedonia is voluntarily providing the Energy Efficiency Strategy of the its contribution to the global efforts Republic of Macedonia, the Govern- for reduction of greenhouse gas ment adopts an Energy Efficiency emissions (INDC)7. In compliance Action Plan6 every three years, upon with the document8, the Republic the ministry’s proposal. of Macedonia will make efforts towards reducing the carbon diox- The Republic of Macedonia has ide emissions from fossil fuels by adopted a number of bylaws (rule- 30%, i.e. 36% in a higher level of books, regulations) that encompass ambition, by 2030 with regards to

6 First EE Action Plan of RM by 2018, available 7 Intended Nationally Determined Contribution at http://www.ea.gov.mk/images/stories/E_ (INDC) Izdanija/11.Prv_Akcionen_Plan_za_EE_na_RM_ 8 http://www.klimatskipromeni.mk/content/ do_2018_MK.pdf Documents/mk%20final.pdf

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 11 the reference scenario. The carbon proposal and prior opinion provided dioxide emissions from fossil fuels by the Energy Agency9. cover almost 80% of total greenhouse gas emissions, with a domi- In addition, the law obliges persons nant share of sectors energy supply, from the public sector (including mu- buildings and transport. nicipalities) to monitor and manage the energy consumption in buildings Municipalities’ tasks or building units where they work in a manner that would result in en- According to the Law on Energy, ergy efficiency and energy savings. municipalities are obliged to de- Moreover, municipalities are obliged velop three-year energy efficiency to monitor and manage the energy programs, as well as annual action consumption in the field of public plans for the program’s implemen- lighting in a manner that results in tation. The programs have to comply energy efficiency and energy sav- with the Energy Efficiency Strategy ings10. of RM and the Energy Efficiency -Ac tion Plan. They are adopted by the 9 Official Gazette of RM No.16/11, 79/13 and 164/13, (Article 132) municipal council, upon the mayor’s 10 Amendments to Law on Energy (Official Gazette of RM No.79/13)

12 How to develop an energy efficiency program? MUNICIPAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAM The creation of a municipal energy and at the end of the process – upon efficiency program develops in four conducting the monitoring and eval- stages: I - preparatory stage, II - pro- uation, when the municipal council gram creation stage, III - implemen- adopts the results and recommenda- tation stage, and IV - monitoring and tions for future planning. reporting stage. The Energy Agency is involved in The process involves decision-making the entire process, based on legal on three occasions: at the beginning competences, providing opinions of the process – a decision passed by over the program’s acceptability and the mayor along with the municipal guidelines for its improvement, ac- council, referring to the initiation of a ceptance and control of compliance municipal energy efficiency program; with strategic documents at national after the stage of the program’s de- level, and collection of information velopment – the municipal council over the degree of the program’s im- passes the decision over its adoption; plementation. Initiate creation of MEEP

Make Create structure – improvements / compose a team new MEEP Set the targets Stage 1

Collect and process Monitoring, information verification and Write the MEEP reporting Develop an Action Plan Stage 4

Stage 2 pre-feasibility and feasibility

studies public the Involve

Implement the MEEP Stage 3

Picture 2: Process of developing a MEEP 7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 13 HOW TO BEGIN?

The mayor should put forward the The answer to these questions initiative for launching the develop- should serve as guidelines that will ment of a municipal energy efficien- help municipal council members to cy program (MEEP) to the municipal perceive the necessity, significance council. and potentials at disposal for the process to begin. Like any other planning process prior to the beginning of activities, it is very important to make a real assess- Advice for the mayor: When ment of the situation and anticipate presenting the needs to launch a the possible challenges. The plan- process of developing a MEEP, use ning process should be preceded by examples of success stories from other answers to the following questions: municipalities. They will help you - What is the goal of creating an highlight the program's significance. energy efficiency program and what should be the outcome? - What is the timeframe for completion of the process? !!! Set up the required - Who will be involved in the infrastructure program development and implementation? Set up an information system - How will this program corre- Setting up an information system is spond to other plans and pro- an important prerequisite for timely grams of the municipality? and efficient flow of information. The - Which resources will be re- system includes technical prepara- quired during the process and tion and information collection pro- how many are there at dispos- tocol. This means that persons in- al? volved in the process have valid and active official e-mails, the sources of - What will the program encom- information have been identified, pass? the persons to collect the informa- - What has been achieved by the tion have been identified, the way in previous three-year program which they are collected, the manner and the action plans (if the mu- of communication has been estab- nicipality has implemented this lished (channels, tools) etc. before)?

14 How to develop an energy efficiency program? Appoint a Municipal Energy Manager (MEM) age energy data of the The mayor (supported by the munic- institutions and send the ipal council) appoints a responsible collected information to the mu- person (municipal energy manager) nicipal energy manager. who will focus on the entire process of creating and implementing ener- Create an Energy Efficiency gy efficiency at the municipal level. Team This person should lead the energy efficiency team towards achieving After initiating the process of devel- the EE goals. oping a MEEP, the next activity is to create an energy efficiency team. The MEM should receive appropriate training (the Energy Agency carries MEEP development is a process that out a comprehensive training pro- requires the involvement of experts gram of all appointed managers) and possessing knowledge and experi- act as point of contact among the ence in diverse fields, such as ener- Energy Agency, the mayor, the mu- gy, economy, finance, management, nicipal sector managers, the respon- data processing etc. In addition, sible persons in municipal buildings members should be well-acquaint- and the contractors. ed with the regulations and the way in which local self-government and Appoint Energy Managers administration operate. In this re- for each institution (EE gard, one should take into account Administrators) that the people responsible for the program's implementation must be The municipal energy manager ap- also involved in its development. points energy manager of an institution (EE administrator in each of Some larger municipalities, such as the the institutions in the jurisdiction or funded by the municipality / school, City of Skopje, have an entire department kindergarten, pumping station etc). on energy, energy efficiency and This person can be the manager/di- renewable energy sources within the rector of the institution, his/her assis- Local Economic Development Sector. tant, accountant, technician or any Karpos municipality has an Energy other person having access to specif- Efficiency Department within the ic documents. His/her role is to man- Environment Sector.

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 15 Responsibilities of EE team members - Implement the energy policy - Draft a municipal inventory (list of all Incorporate representatives of the buildings and institutions owned or civil society active in the energy, EE or managed by the local authorities) environment fields into the EE team. - Cooperate and communicate with all They can be your partner in the entire sources of information from every energy process, offering technical and even beneficiary financial assistance, and can surely be - Collect information and regularly update used as sources of information. the database - Identify potential financing sources - Take part in the development of the Checklist - are you ready? municipal budget - Develop the MEEP and action plans 1. Identify and clearly determine the objectives to be achieved with MEEP - Monitor and report on the implementation of the program and the action plan 2. Talk with all parties concerned over the - Serve as consultants to the mayor and the mission and be sure that everyone is on municipal council over the MEEP and AP board development, MEEP implementation and reporting on achieved results 3. Gather as much success stories from other municipalities as possible to help - Recommend corrective measures for future you in elaborating the necessity and MEEP and AP significance of the program - Organize and initiate required pre- feasibility studies and energy controls 4. Identify all parties concerned that - Organize the process of certifying municipal will be required in the team for an capacities and install instruments efficient program. Identify the potential measuring the heat energy consumption consultants or other experts who can - Cooperate with the public procurement assist you in the process. department in the municipality during the 5. Create a plan for approaching and EE public procurement process recruiting the team members - Cooperate in the establishment of public- private partnership in the EE field 6. Make a detailed timeframe followed - Cooperate with other municipalities and over the course of the entire planning regions towards EE improvement process - Work on raising the awareness over 7. Make a draft of the program content the potentials of energy efficiency at a municipal level 8. Get to work!

16 How to develop an energy efficiency program? STEP 1: MAKE A RECORD OF THE CURRENT STATE

Proper and timely data is the founda- AP implementation, it is necessary tion in creating any strategy, it is es- to collect information on: sential in the preparation of analyses • consumption of electricity and assessments and one of the cru- and heat energy cial factors in the decision-making • water consumption process. A well-developed database • area of buildings contributes to the monitoring of pa- • number of persons using the rameters (ex. energy consumption buildings in buildings, spent funds for street • building use regime etc. lighting etc.) and enables easy and efficient analyses and monitoring of Data collection needs to encom- changes. pass all administrative buildings, elementary and secondary schools, Prior to the start of the data collection kindergartens, libraries and local in- process, the energy efficiency team stitutions, street lighting etc, under should create a so-called municipal municipal jurisdiction. inventory list. This list should involve Data is collected in cooperation with all building and architectonic plans the responsible persons (EE admin- of buildings, along with the interior istrators) of each facility, whose en- installations and equipment for each ergy consumption is funded from the municipal budget. The collected facility. data should be classified and put into The inventory should also contain the electronic database, which will a list of industrial capacities in the be further updated. The database municipalities, by type and size of needs to contain information on all consumers. consumers, by sectors, and include the basic information: elements on consumption of any type of energy source per month and per year, as In order to record the existing state well as information over the equip- and have insight into the pending ment causing that consumption. This change as a result of the MEEP and will help the MEM in doing the analy-

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 17 sis and putting forward proposals for estimates of the efficiency in energy reduction of energy consumption. use, but also for assessments of the profitability of investments in energy In general, data can be divided in efficiency measures compared to the two groups: energy savings. 1. Standard data - referring to state of facilities, building performance, manner of energy In which sectors should you collect supply, installed power etc. information? Most of this data is permanent. - Main (mandatory) sectors 2. Variable data - referring to en- · Buildings (facilities owned or under ergy consumption, spent ener- the jurisdiction of the municipality) gy costs etc. This data require · Street lighting timely updating (ex. in every · Water three months).

The database will enable the munic- - Other sectors (if required) ipality to keep data, have insight in · Buildings (private buildings) the costs, in creating statistics and · Transport analyses. It is used for analyses and · Waste · Energy and heating · Industry

18 How to develop an energy efficiency program? Basic information about the municipality 1 Municipality (name of the municipality) Name of Municipal Energy Name and surname of 2 Manager Municipal Energy Manager 3 Number of team members e.g. 5

Energy Efficiency Indicators 4 Basic information unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 5 Area km2 100 100 100 6 Population number 20000 20500 20100 7 Employed number 10000 10500 9100 8 Households number 5000 4900 5100 9 Floor area 10 Municipal buildings m2 11 Households m2 12 Industry m2 Total 13 Other important information 14 Streets length km2 15 Street lights length km2 16 Energy consumption MWh 17 Coal MWh 18 Oil and oil derivates MWh 19 Electricity MWh 20 Firewood MWh Total 21 Municipality budget % 22 Heating costs 12000000 69.36 Costs for energy consumed in 23 the municipal buildings 3000000 17.34 Costs for energy consumed for 24 street lights 500000 2.89 25 Other costs 1800000 10.4 Total 17300000 100 Picture 3: Example of a data collection table

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 19 STEP 2: ANALYZE THE POTENTIALS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

In order to undertake specific mea- The available statistical data can be of sures and activities towards enhanc- ing energy efficiency, municipalities great help in the process of analyzing need to have exact information data and creating projections. Consult over the potential at their disposal different sources, such as the State (through proper records). Based on Statistical Office website http://www. this data, they should select a priority stat.gov.mk/ sector, accompanied by an appropriate project and measures to be Analyses on the energy efficiency undertaken. In the analysis of data potential of the municipality can in the appropriate sectors and proj- use diverse available tools. One of ects, indicators should be set up for the tools that offer comparison of comparison among municipalities the energy consumption with other in RM, as well as municipalities and counterpart cities is the Tool for Rapid cities in neighboring countries by Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) 11, using certain benchmarks. developed by the World Bank's En- ergy Sector Management Assistance Collected data should be analyzed Program (ECMAP). This tool helps in in the context of other indicators, setting up priorities among sectors, such as consumption in the previous taking into consideration other rele- year, population growth projections, vant factors. expected development of consumption per capita etc. In this way, pro- The tool is comprised of three mod- jections for a period of 10-20 years ules: energy benchmarking module can be made. These projections for comparison of key performance represent an important part of the indicators (KPIs) among counterpart required input data if the municipal- cities, sector prioritization module ity wants to use software tools for a for identification of sectors that of- scenario. fer largest potential regarding en-

11 Available for use and free download at http:// esmap.org/TRACE

20 How to develop an energy efficiency program? ergy savings, and intervention selection module for testing of EE measures and assistance in selecting the most appropriate measures at a local level.

Picture 4: Heat consumption in administrative municipal buildings in Radovis municipality compared to other municipalities (excerpts from TRACE database)12

It is important to note that many mu- not because they are efficient but nicipalities in Macedonia can show because their level of services is low low level of energy consumption (lack of lighting, lack of heating etc.) 12 RAD – Radovis, Republic of Macedonia; TAL - Tallinn, Estonia, WAR - Warsaw, Poland; BRA - Bratislava, Slovakia; LJU - Ljubljana, Slovenia; SKO - Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; BEL - Belgrade, Serbia; SAR – Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina; PRI - Pristina, Kosovo; BAN - Banja Luka, Bosnia- Herzegovina; TBI -Tbilisi, Georgia.

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 21 Picture 5: Sector prioritization using TRACE tool

Radovis municipality Use of renewable energy sources When developing MEEP13 for Radovis can be of great assistance - do not municipality, the overview of energy forget to make an analysis of the energy consumption ranks street lighting as the potentials and record the infrastructure second-largest consumer with 1.148.964 potentials for linking renewable energy kWh/year (for reference year 2012), i.e. sources to consumers. street lighting uses 26.6% of total energy costs of municipality. Implementation of a complete Street lighting sector program for rehabilitation of street The street lighting sector is one of lighting will result in annual savings the more attractive sectors for EE im- of 251,090kWh, i.e. total energy plementation. Savings are estimated consumption will amount to 38.2%. at 15-30%, somewhere even up to 50%, depending on the size, type and intensity of lighting. it comes to EE in municipalities: 13 - It has a relatively short invest- Why do municipalities most often ment return period (financial begin with this sector? gains are felt by the following The following contributes to putting month); this sector on the top of the list when 13 Изработена во рамки на проектот финансиран од Светска банка: Промовирање и поттикнување на енергетската ефикасност на општината

22 How to develop an energy efficiency program? Rosoman municipality According to the pre-feasibility study within the street lighting project in Rosoman municipality, the replacement EE measures that can be undertaken of the existing light bulbs with LED lights in the public lighting sector encom- and mounting of new switchboards will pass: contribute not only to energy savings, but • replacement of the existing the improvement and harmonization of (most often mercury light lighting standards, as well as enlargement bulbs) with energy-saving light bulbs; of lighting coverage. • separation of the street light- It is estimated that the municipality ing measuring points from the will annually save at least MKD existing EVN substations into 1,000,000, while the investment separate cabinets; return period is 10 years. • introduction of automatic control of ignition and extinc- - Quality of municipal services tion of lighting, depending on improves; the daylight intensity; - Citizens immediately feel the • monitoring of street lighting visual change; depending on the size of the - Environmental effects are re- investment; duced through the focused • setting up autonomous solar dispersion of lighting; lights etc. - Interventions and energy efficiency activities are easy in this sector.14

Public lighting has a significant gender trait. A scoping study on gender-based violence against women and girls in urban public spaces in two municipalities (Centar and Cair) showed that perceptions of women over their safety is influenced by the physical appearance of the urban environment, with a properly maintained, broad and well-lit environment makes them feel safer. In this regard, women are prepared to use the longer path to reach their destination if it is lit compared to the dark shortcut.14

14 Scoping study on gender-based violence and discrimination against women and girls in urban public spaces of the City of Skopje, Reactor-Research in Action and Strategic Development Consulting, 2012, Skopje.

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 23 Karpos municipality Kocani municipality In compliance with the 2008-2012 EE An EE project implemented in Kocani program, series of projects in the street municipality in 2015 resulted in the lighting sector have been undertaken replacement of all mercury light bulbs in Karpos municipality. The projects of 125W and 140W with 41W-capacity involved lighting of new pedestrian LED lights, achieving increased lighting tracks, access paths to facilities, new by 40% and more than three-fold energy squares and dark accesses. New lines savings. In addition, mercury light bulbs have been built, along with new lighting of 250W and 270W have been replaced by poles. The number of existing poles LED lights of 102W, achieving increased has increased by 643 since 2007. The average lighting by 60% and 2.5-fold existing, most commonly 125W and energy savings. 150W mercury light bulbs have been The EE measures undertaken by the replaced by 70W sodium light bulbs, municipality in this sector will result 55W neon lights, 30W LED lights and in annual savings of 1,600,000kWh, autonomous solar lights for park i.e. annual financial savings of MKD lighting. 10.69 million (EUR 173.400).16 The undertaken energy efficiency measures have reduced the annual electricity consumption by Savings in these facilities can be 533MWh, i.e. 20.2%.15 achieved in a number of ways:

15 - Use of EE measures in existing facilities (setting up insulation in walls, floors and ceilings, replace- Administrative buildings sector ment of windows and doors etc.);16 Buildings owned by the municipal- - Replacement of existing lighting ities or funded by municipalities - with energy-saving light bulbs administrative facilities (municipal and reducing the lighting in buildings, kindergartens, schools, the room to the standard level cultural institutions etc.) - spend (meeting the standards for such more than 30% of the total energy type of room); consumption. Implementation of - Installing contemporary elec- EE measures can result in significant trical wiring, water supply and savings in electricity consumption sewerage installations, as well and increase of financial savings. as procurement and installing of proper equipment. 15 2013-2015 energy efficiency program of Karpos municipality, available at http://karpos.gov.mk/ 16 Success model - Kocani municipality, World page/energetska-efikasnost Bank project, 2015

24 How to develop an energy efficiency program? 17 18

Kavadarci municipality The municipality insulated the walls and the roof, replaced the windows, the doors and the light bulbs in elementary school "Dimkata Angelov Gaberot" in village Sopot. Kisela Voda municipality The EE measures resulted in 22% In 2011-2012, EE measures were of annual electricity consumption undertaken in three municipal facilities savings, i.e. reduction of energy in Kisela Voda, including wall insulation, consumption by 22kWh/m2.17 installation of new windows and entry doors, replacement of the heater masks and thermostatic valves, automatic According to one research, the control of the central heating system and comfort in schools is closely replacement of light bulbs. related to pupils' educational The benefits of these projects are seen in the total annual energy savings of 63%, achievements. The way in which the 19 classroom is designed has a 50% i.e. financial savings of USD 48.500.5. influence on results by pupils during instruction. This includes aspects such enhancement of energy efficiency in as heating, accordingly the energy water supply and water treatment efficiency measures in schools18. systems in municipalities will result in significant benefits, such as: improvement of conditions and ser- Water sector vices, lowering of costs for end users, contribution to long-term financial The water sector is one of the most stability of the municipality, along poorly treated sectors regarding EE with reduction of the environmental in the Republic of Macedonia thus effects.19 far. Municipalities have paid very lit- tle attention to this sector. Therefore, One of the priority tasks of the mu- 17 The impact of classroom design on pupils’ nicipality is to compile an invento- learning: Final results of a holistic, multi- ry for each pumping station at the level analysis, Building and Environment (2015)- Barrett P, Davies F, Zhang Y, Barrett L, municipal level and record leakages doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.013 in existing water supply systems (ex- 18 The impact of classroom design on pupils’ learning: Final results of a holistic, multi- ceeding 50%). level analysis, Building and Environment (2015)- Barrett P, Davies F, Zhang Y, Barrett L, 19 GEF sustainable energy project, Republic of doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.013 Macedonia, 2013

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 25 The municipality can undertake - Modernization of existing sys- diverse measures that will result in tems for waste water treatment; reduced energy consumption up to - Use of aerobic water treatment 30%, such as: systems as one of the most effi- - Upgrading of pumping stations cient systems; etc. (installation of energy-efficient motors); - Application of appropriate wa- Use of renewable energy ter storage tanks; sources (RES) - Introduction of frequent regula- Increase of EE can be easily achieved tion of existing electric motors; by introducing RES in facilities. RES are used for generation of heat or electricity.

Kavadarci municipality Novaci municipality Application of EE measures at the Calculations have been made for the three Kavadarci pumping station is to be pumping stations in Novaci municipality, implemented in several steps: along with recommended EE measures. - Repair of the water distribution system According to recommendations, the EE in order to reduce leakage by 30%. This measures for the Bac pumping stations will result in savings of 1.463 kWh/year include investments of about MKD in electricity, i.e. 9.29% 120,000, resulting in energy savings of - Enlargement of the volume of the two 3.452 kWh/year and investment return existing tanks period of 3,4 years. - Replacement of the existing pump Recommendations for the Brod with one of proper size and increased pumping station are the following: pipe efficiency, leading to energy savings of optimization, detection of leakages, valve 25%, with investment return period of control, increase of capacity by 20м3 10,5 years and setting automated control. These - Installing sensors for pressure control measures will result in savings of about and pump exit speed, resulting in MKD 26,000 and investment return energy savings of 45.3%, investment period of 4,2 years. in the amount of MKD 372,000 and EE measures for the Zivojno pumping investment return period of 7,6 years station should result in annual savings - Mounting a solar photovoltaic of 9.649 kWh/year,i.e.financial savings system for recovery of annual energy of about MKD 84,000 MKD/year and consumption, resulting in energy investment return period of 4,3 years. savings of 97.8%.

26 How to develop an energy efficiency program? Munici- palities need to assess the possibilities for use of energy from renewable sources, such as geothermal energy, biomass, biogas, Detailed information natural gas and solar energy, for own on tariffs and bylaws on use of uses. Furthermore, they must con- RES can be found at the website of duct an analysis on the infrastructure the Energy Regulatory Commission opportunities for networking of facil- of the Republic of Macedonia http:// ities to RES.20 erc.org.mk/pages.aspx?id=53. For example, municipalities can apply renewable energy sources as: • Installation of roof and facade solar panels for water heating; • Use of street lighting installations operating on accumulat- ed solar energy; etc.

Staro Nagoricane municipality When developing the MEEP for Staro Nagoricane municipality, an assessment of the RES capacities at disposal has been carried out. The assessment and earlier studies showed that the municipality has one geothermal source (near Strnovec), possessing a big potential for use as renewable energy source. The potential heat energy from the source has been estimated at 207,6MW, i.e. 830,400kWh per year. The use of this potential can replace the annual use of 159.400 tons of coal and

288.000 tons of wood. Lowering of CO2 emissions is estimated at 296.5 tons/ year. The total investment is estimated at EUR 166 million.

20 Developed within World Bank-funded project: Promoting and Stimulating Energy Efficiency of the Municipality

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 27 STEP 3: DEFINE ENERGY EFFICIENCY GOALS

The defining of energy efficiency tion what do we want to achieve? goals is a very significant step in the One of the ways to formulate goals creation of an energy efficiency pro- is the use of the so-called SMART gram of municipalities. Depending formula. The use of this acronym on the potentials at disposal or chal- provides conditions for setting up lenges it most commonly faces, the properly thought-out goals. municipality can set different goals that will have to be achieved upon S (specific) –provides for sufficient completion of the program’s imple- details that adequately focus on mentation. the goal. M (measurable) – provides for traits The goals set by the municipality that clearly show the change that need to be measurable, in order to needs to be achieved. identify the progress achieved in their implementation. The goals are A (ambitious) – provides an oppor- formulated in a statement that de- tunity to challenge the municipal- scribes what needs to be achieved. In ity to come out of its status-quo. fact, they give an answer to the ques- R (realistic) – seeks for the goal to be attainable in a certain time- When setting up goals, a reference frame while using the available year is the year where no disruptions of resources of the municipality. the system occurred (or the year with T (time-bound) – seeks for a time- the fewest disruptions) and provides frame for achievement of the goal. complete consumption data for all energy forms. Based on the collected data for the past 3-5 years, one year The defined goals can respond to that fulfills this condition is selected. different EE benefits. Afterwards, the change indicators are Financial savings and energy savings determined in comparison to it. – taking into consideration the fact Ex. Energy spending in 2017 to be that the most difficult problem of maintained at the same level as 2014, municipalities is to secure funds for while the greenhouse gas emissions to servicing of costs, it is expected that the goals of the energy efficiency reduce by 30% compared to 2014. program address financial savings.

28 How to develop an energy efficiency program? Examples of EE goals of municipalities: public of Macedo- - To reduce electricity consumption in facilities funded by the municipality by nia is air. Thermal-ener- 20% up to 2017. gy capacities pollute the air with particles and gasses (SO2, NOx, CO) - To reduce the share on spent energy in that have direct negative effect on the municipal budget by 15% for each living creatures and materials in their year in the next three years. vicinity, but also with gasses (CO , - To reduce the share on energy in 2 CH4, N2O) that have a global negative municipal investments by 20% up to influence through the greenhouse 2020. effect. - To reduce the average energy consumption (kWh/m2) by 10% up to Implementation of the energy ef- 2018. ficiency program has an indirect - To achieve a 20-percent investment effect on the reduction of use of return for each new capital project that primary energy, emissions of harm- supports energy efficiency starting from ful gasses in the atmosphere, thus 2016 (each MKD invested in an energy acting towards protection of the en- efficiency project to have a 20% annual vironment. return of lower operative costs).

Reducing environmental effects – Examples of goals referring to the according to the Strategy for Ener- protection of the environment: gy Development in the Republic of - To reduce the level of CO2 emissions in Macedonia 2008-2020, nearly 90% the atmosphere by 30% in the coming of primary energy in the country is two years. obtained from fossil fuels, mainly - To reduce the total annual fuel lignite and heavy crude oil. Most of consumption (gasoline/diesel) for the it is transformed into electricity or needs of vehicles in the municipality by heat in thermal-energy capacities. 3.000 liters up to 2017. Environmental components affect- - To increase by 30% the share of ed by the thermal-energy capacities renewable energy sources in the total are grouped in three aspects – air, balance of spent energy in municipal water and soil – and through them facilities in the following year. they affect the flora and fauna, -es pecially the health and living quality Goals can be long-term, mid-term of people. The most environmen- and short-term. They should result tally-burdened component by the in success of the program’s imple- thermal-energy capacities in the Re- mentation.

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 29 STEP 4: ANTICIPATE CHALLENGES AND CONSIDER POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS

In general, municipalities have a ergy efficient projects; large potential for savings and ener- • Indebtedness of the munici- gy efficiency. However, when plan- pality through a so-called soft ning measures to be undertaken, loan; one should take into account the • Indebtedness of municipali- possible challenges (barriers). The ties with commercial banks; awareness over the existence of • Use of other financial modali- challenges in the planning stage en- ties (equipment leasing); ables the consideration of alternative • Investment in stages and re- solutions that will be used towards alization of projects over the achievement of the goal. course of several fiscal years; etc. The main challenges that can appear when implementing the program can be divided in several groups: Create a revolving fund for EE in the municipality. This will enable the Financial challenges investment of savings obtained as a result of EE into other new projects, The implementation of plans and program depends on the funds se- thus reducing the dependence of cured for realization of projected ac- implementation of EE projects from tivities. Municipalities most often do the funds at disposal in the municipal not have sufficient funds from their budget. own sources at disposal (municipal budget) in order to implement projected energy efficiency activities. Institutional barriers In order to overcome the challenge by securing funds for realization of The most common institutional bar- the activities, municipalities need to riers in the municipalities are the fol- consider the following alternatives: lowing: • Creation of an EE fund; - Lack of legally prescribed/rec- • Private-public partnership; ommended systematization • Grants by international and structure in municipalities, domestic institutions and or- resulting in different system- ganizations that invest in en- atization and distribution of

30 How to develop an energy efficiency program? Kavadarci municipality For the purpose of quality and quantity - There is no improvement of lighting, Kavadarci proper training of re- municipality has concluded a public- sponsible persons who collect private partnership for a period of 15 years EE data; etc. with a company operating in the sector of rehabilitation, modernization and Municipalities (especially the smaller maintenance of street lighting. This has ones) come across a lack of human contributed to the increase in the number potential that can be engaged in the of light bulbs and their replacement implementation of activities. In most with EE (LED) lights, rising percentage cases, the people responsible for en- of functional light bulbs, reduction of ergy efficiency in the municipality electricity consumption for lighting, and are in charge of other tasks and do elimination of annual maintenance costs. not always have sufficient time to Following calculations of the revenues complete their commitments. In ad- and expenditures for street lighting, it was dition, employees are not sufficiently informed about the implementation perceived that the income of funds from of energy efficiency projects. the utility fee for street lighting is sufficient to cover the liabilities for street lighting In general, these institutional barriers and invest funds for a new low-voltage can be overcome through: network. • Engagement of external consultants who will help tasks among employees in the municipal staff during municipalities; the process; - Municipalities do not have a • Proper training of employ- proper information network; ees; - Municipalities did not show • Inter-municipal coopera- any concern about consumers tion and exchange of good at local level in the past, result- practices and experiences; ing in no inventory by sectors; • Dissemination of project - There is a difference in the results and informing the ratio energy consumption/ public (both internally and subsidies from Ministry of Fi- the broad public) with the nance, which municipalities EE benefits. have to cover; - Municipalities do not file the The municipality needs to put finan- financial records on total ener- cial and human resources at disposal gy consumption by individual towards implementing EE activities. sectors;

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 31 The centers for development of In this regard, efforts are required for establishment of the required orga- planning regions can be beneficial in nizational structure and introduction overcoming of some barriers, through of a software solution for implemen- technical assistance, experiences, tation of the energy management information. Make them your ally. system as minimum prerequisites for the program’s realization.

32 How to develop an energy efficiency program? STEP 5: CREATE A TIMEFRAME AND AN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

The energy efficiency program rep- Regarding priority sectors, it is resents a legal obligation of munici- good if the municipality develops palities and it is drafted for a three- a pre-feasibility study, followed by year timeframe. Upon expiry of this a feasibility study and detailed tech- period, the municipality is obliged to nical documentation in order to prepare a new program. successfully implement the public call process towards achieving tasks The MEEP implementation is carried defined in the action plan. out through annual plans (action plans), which are adopted by the Review once again the projected municipal council upon the mayor’s proposal. The annual plans are de- measures and list them by priority. livered to the Energy Agency by the Make an assessment on the time you will end of February at the latest, for the require for realization of each measure. current year, as well as information Take into consideration the opportunities on the program implementation for and resources (human and financial). the previous year (implementation report). Create a timeframe and realization plan based on this.

Project / activity Quarter 2016 2017 2018 Public street lighting reconstruction х х х х х х х х х Drafting a proposal for fitting energy saving lights in the municipal administrative buildings х х х х х х х Replacing the existing hot water heating installation in the Primary School Kliment Ohridski х х х х Installing solar collectors on the municipal buildings х х х х Implementing EE measures in the kindergartens х х х х Preparing the Rulebook on EE in public procurements х х х Preparing a study for establishing the possibilities for using Renewable Energy Sources х х х х х х Placing thermal facades on kindergartens х х х х х Picture 6: Example of a timeframe for the program’s realization

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 33 Project/ ac- Objective Financed by Beneficiary Investment's Imple- Expected results tivity Value mentation Period

Saving on the electricity and Public lighting day to day reconstruction, Reconstruction maintenance, Municipality better services of public street Municipality 334,500.00 € 2016-2018 better / World Bank provided to the lighting lighting, citizens, lower environment costs protection

Replacing the old and Preparation of non-eco- Cutting down a proposal for nomic lights, Municipality on energy and Local fitting energy cutting down / World maintenance educational 110,000 2016-2017 saving lights in on electricity Bank / other costs, better institutions the municipal consumption, donors conditions for the buildings improving the students lighting standards

Picture 7: Example of a plan for program’s realization

34 How to develop an energy efficiency program? STEP 6: PREPARE PROGRAM AND PUT IT FORWARD FOR ADOPTION The MEEP must be developed in line el, obligations and opportunities for with the Energy Efficiency Strategy implementation of energy efficiency of the Republic of Macedonia and activities and initiatives, and define the energy efficiency action plan. measures that need to be realized Based on the Law on Energy21, the towards securing energy efficiency. program needs to contain a descrip- Furthermore, the program should tion and assessment of the state and list the financing sources, activities the municipal energy needs, list the and timeframes for implementation goals for energy savings at local lev- of measures, holders of activities etc.

MEEP content Introduction This part of the program sets the goals of the municipality and the volume of measures to be applied for achievement of the goals. This involves the legislative framework in order to ensure that the implementation of the measures fully corresponds to the legislative requirements. General data about municipality This chapter contains the basic information about the municipality and its traits, both environmental and geographic. Moreover, a review of the EE potential is required, along with assessment of the municipality’s potential for use of renewable energy sources. Overview of the existing energy consumption This includes data on the existing energy consumption in the municipality, by sectors. This information will be used as grounds for comparison and evaluation of savings. Effect on environment This chapter should contain a summary on the energy required for each of the sectors and the equivalent for greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, SO2).

21 Official Gazette of RM No. 16/11, 79/13 and 164/13, Article 132

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 35 Set benchmarks for diverse sectors This section encompasses the data of the given benchmarks for all sectors, for which information has been provided in previous chapters. EE policies and projects Based on the analysis and benchmarks, this chapter should present the selected sectors, recommendations and causes for the selections. The goal of setting priorities in sectors is to rank them based on the EE potential. The recommendations on priority sectors should be identified on the grounds of the following data: - potential for energy and financial savings - initial implementation costs - implementation timeframe. Goals to be achieved through realization of EE measures This section should sum up the projected annual energy savings from the implementation of the measures presented in the previous chapter. This data will be used for future evaluation and comparison with the real savings. Financial sources for MEEP implementation The opportunities for financing of the program implementation should be analyzed and described in detail. One should take into account there are a number of financing sources (municipal budget, external organizations and institutions etc.) that can contribute to the program’s implementation. Timeframe for implementation of program and responsibilities The projected measures should be realized within a three-year timeframe, i.e. during the program’s validity. This information will produce implementing action plans for each individual year. The non-implemented projected measures from the previous three-year program can be transferred to the program for the coming period. Monitoring and implementation of MEEP This section should contain the activities to be undertaken for monitoring of the program’s implementation, measurements of energy savings and plan on briefing stakeholders.

36 How to develop an energy efficiency program? The Municipal Energy Manager should prepare the Program. Upon determining the priority sector, projects and measures, the program is submitted for approval to the municipal council by the mayor, upon a prior opinion from the En- ergy Agency22. The program, which is to be adopted by the municipality within 30 days, is then forwarded to the Energy Agency, which is obliged to submit a report to the Ministry of Economy (within 30 days) over the program’s harmonization with the Energy Efficiency Strategy of RM and the action plan.23

22 Official Gazette of RM, No.16/11, 79/13 and 164/13, Article 132 23 Ibid.

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 37 STEP 7: MONITOR IMPLEMENTATION AND REPORT ON IT

A very important part of the entire continual and achieving the project- process of the MEEP implementation ed goals of the Action Plan, the Strat- is monitoring and verification of the egy and some of the goals imposed energy savings, which represents by the EU. The obtained information the foundation for initiating contin- should be continually submitted to ual improvements of the process, the municipality, as well as annually accompanied by proper and timely to the Energy Agency. changes. The acquired monitoring data The monitoring and evaluation should be taken into consideration should begin in the earliest stage when developing annual action of the process and be continually plans and the municipal budget, as practiced throughout the program’s well as adapting and improving the implementation. Effects should be program. monitored even upon completion of the program’s timeframe, in order to establish the long-term effect on local entrepreneurship, the energy sector, the environment, and con- Communicate the results of undertaken sumer behavior. EE measures with the public and other stakeholders. The municipality can The monitoring and the evaluation represent a good model for other entities of the program’s implementation to start thinking about applying EE can be carried out internally (by the municipal administration) or exter- measures. Use articulate language and nally (by engaging independent be certain that the others comprehend consultants or a company). In both the importance and the benefits. You cases, the process should be led by have done a great job. the municipal energy manager.

The process of implementing energy efficiency measures and the monitoring and verification process should produce clearly visible results for citizens, the mayor and the municipal council, so that the process is

38 How to develop an energy efficiency program? PUBLIC COMMUNICATION AND INVOLVEMENT

Communication with the public Types of communication and its involvement in the process of creating the municipal energy effi- The process of planning energy ciency program is the foundation for efficiency programs requires deci- creation of successful policies in the sion-making at three levels: field of energy efficiency and pro- - When launching the initia- tecting the environment. Commu- tive for development of an nication is especially important for energy efficiency program; raising the awareness over the sig- - When adopting the energy nificance of problems, improving the efficiency program; level of knowledge and contributing - When evaluating results and to changes in the people’s behavior. recommendations for the The public’s involvement aims at next planning period. ensuring increased transparency of the entire process and inclusive One should take into consideration creation of municipal policies. that the goals for public communication differ for each stage, leading Therefore, it is of paramount import- to differences in the forms of com- ant to create a plan for communi- munication. cation and involvement of stakeholders, both in regards to internal Take into consideration that communication (among members of the energy efficiency team and communication with the public the decision-makers) and the com- should be a two-way street. It is munication with the broader public not enough only to brief them (informing, education and training, about the steps and activities that public debates and consultations). are being undertaken. Ask their Communication with the local pop- opinions and suggestions, and ulation and the broader public is re- involve them in the process. The quired because it will contribute to public should be your ally in the a change in habits and behavior by process. all concerned groups and individuals over energy efficiency issues.

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 39 Stages in the process of developing an EE program Communication goals

- Informing the public First decision – initiative of mayor - Consultations and information exchange for EE program - Announcement of the process beginning - Information exchange on stages in the process

- Information and training on issues related to Second decision – adoption of energy efficiency the EE program by the municipal - Getting support from council members council - Change of habits and behavior among target public

Third decision – evaluation of - Improvement of efficiency of municipal results and recommendations for policies next planning period - Enabling an inclusive decision-making process

Table: Examples of communication goals in different stages in the process of creating a municipal energy efficiency program

Dilemmas in the communication - Collective versus individual process interest in the process; - Short-term effects of the Prior to starting a process of com- plan versus the long-term munication with the target public, it results; is necessary to analyze the everyday - Differences in quality of in- behavior of the population, habits, formation and degree of how far they are informed etc., as knowledge in the matter by well as make an assessment of the individuals in the commu- readiness to embrace changes by the nity; public concerned. - The need for a “model” in the process, i.e. a champion The results of the analysis and the that would serve as an ex- assessment should be further used ample for the community. as starting points in the planning of activities. In order to achieve the best results, the communication plan should be Several significant factors should be created in correlation with the re- taken into consideration when devel- maining tools and messages used by oping a plan for communication and the municipality. At the same time, involvement of the public:

40 How to develop an energy efficiency program? the staff re- Basic steps when creating a sponsible for pub- communication plan: lic relations in the municipal-  Define the general communication ity and the energy efficiency team goals members should possess unified,  Define the target groups complete and timely information  Formulate the specific communication about the goals of the program and goals for each of the target groups the process development.  Define the messages  Selects communication means and The involvement of the public can tools be done in different ways and in different stages of the process of creating an energy efficiency program. It is of great importance to involve the stakeholders in the process of Have diverse target groups in identification and prioritization of the process of creating a MEEP: projects to be implemented. Other municipal council members, municipal tools for involvement of the public administration staff, employees in facilities are the following: where activities are being implemented, - One-on-one meetings; service beneficiaries in facilities, their - Workshops; family members, members of civil society - Debates; etc. organizations, experts in the field, the The successful communication strat- broad public etc. Create a plan how egy and involvement of stakehold- and when to communicate, as well as ers requires a complete and timely the way in which to involve each of the implementation of the plan upon groups in the process. You can do this its development. The success in the by using different tools for the citizens’ plan’s implementation correlates involvement, such as individual meetings with the following aspects: with key stakeholders or focus groups - Proper coordination of ac- over a specific issue or EE measure, or tivities; - Sharing feedback on results; public debates and community forums - Continual monitoring and for involvement of all stakeholders evaluation; at the same time, for the purpose of - Timely response to challeng- general discussions on the EE issue in the es and flexibility in adjusting municipality and establishing the general to latest developments. problems/guidelines in the field.

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 41 ANNEX 1 - EU ENERGY EFFICIENCY ROADMAPS

Energy Charter Treaty – it establish- along with appropriate inclusion of es the legal framework for countries the private sector. of Western Europe that refers to the promotion of long-term cooperation There are several important direc- in the energy field, based on com- tives in the energy field listed below: mon benefits that result from these commitments. › Directive on energy perfor- The Energy Charter highlights the mance of buildings 2002/91/ following key objectives: EC, 2010/31/EU • reducing the harmful effects › Directive 2006/32/EC on en- of energy on environment, in ergy end-use efficiency and order to apply the European energy services and repealing environmental standards; and Council Directive 93/76/EEC • increasing energy efficiency. › Directive 2008/1/EC concern- ing integrated pollution pre- Energy Charter Protocol on En- vention and control ergy Efficiency and Related Envi- ronmental Aspects – aims at stim- › Directive 2012/27/EU on ener- ulating investments in energy effi- gy efficiency, amending Direc- ciency projects and supporting the tives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/ implementation of energy efficiency EU and repealing Directives policies in signatory-states, such as 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC Macedonia. › Directive 2004/8/EC on the promotion of cogeneration Energy Community Treaty – EU and based on a useful heat de- the treaty parties, including Macedo- mand in the internal energy nia, have pledged to improving the market and amending Direc- state of environment from the aspect tive 92/42/EEC. of natural gas and electricity, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, taking into account that the achievement of these goals requires the introduction of a comprehensive and integrated regulatory market structure, supported by solid institutions and effective supervision,

42 How to develop an energy efficiency program? REFERENCES

1. Law on Energy (Official Gazette of RM, No.16/11, 79/13 and 164/13), available at http://www.ea.gov.mk [acceded: 15.01.2016] 2. Compendium of training materials – energy efficiency program for local self-government units, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Skopje 2010 3. Promotion of Energy Efficiency: How can local communities contribute?; Konrad Adenauer Stiftung in the Republic of Macedonia, GIZ and Center for Research and Policy Making, Skopje, December 2013, available at http:// www.crpm.org.mk/?page_id=695 [acceded: 15.01.2016] 4. Municipal Energy Planning An Energy Efficiency Workbook, University of Wisconsin-Cooperative Extension, 2010, available at http://polk.uwex. edu/files/2010/12/Municipal-Energy-Planning-Workbook.pdf [acceded: 15.01.2016] 5. Municipal Energy Planning- Guide for municipal decision-makers and experts, EnEffect, Sofija 2004, available at: http://docs.china-europa-forum. net/doc_748.pdf, [acceded: 15.01.2016] 6. Modelling Energy Efficiency Potential in Municipal Operations in the Nine Member Cities of the SACN, South African Cities Network, July 2014, available at http://sacitiesnetwork.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ Modelling-Energy-Efficiency-Potential-in-SACN-Cities-full-report.pdf , [acceded: 15.01.2016] 7. City Energy Efficiency Assessments: Mayoral Guidance Note #5, ESMAP, available at http://www.esmap.org/node/55303 [acceded: 15.01.2016] 8. Guidelines for Energy Management, Energy Star, 2013, available at http:// www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/singlesite_uploads/buildings/ tools/Guidelines%20for%20Energy%20Management%206_2013.pdf [acceded: 15.01.2016] 9. Energy Management Basics for Municipal Planners and Managers, DOER, 2013, available at http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/doer/green-communities/ems/energy-basics-7-15-13-update.pdf [acceded: 15.01.2016] 10. Guide To Writing a Municipal Energy Management Strategy, Ecology Action Center, 2015, available at https://www.ecologyaction.ca [acceded: 15.01.2016]

7 steps to an energy efficient municipality 43 11. Investing in our children – Improving energy supply in schools and kindergartens, GEF Sustainable Energy Project Republic of Macedonia, March 2013 12. Stabilization and Association Agreement between the Republic of Mace- donia and the European Community and its member-states (Official Gazette of RM No. 28/01) 13. EU regulations on energy efficiency are available at http://europa.eu/ legislation_summaries/energy/european_energy_policy/index_en.htm 14. Covenant of Mayors, available at http://www.covenantofmayors.eu [acceded on 15.01.2016] 15. The Strategy for Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources in the Republic of Macedonia by 2020 (Official Gazette of RM No. 125/10) 16. The Strategy for Improvement of the Energy Efficiency in the Republic of Macedonia until 2020 (Official Gazette of RM No. 143/10) 17. The First Energy Efficiency Action Plan of the Republic of Macedonia until 2018 18. Strategy for Energy Development, available at http://www.ea.gov.mk, [acceded on 15.01.2016] 19. Municipal energy and climate planning – a guide to the process, Enova, 2008, available at www2.enova.no [acceded on 15.01.2016] 20. Energy efficiency program of Karpos municipality 2013-2015, available at http://karpos.gov.mk/page/energetska-efikasnost 21. Success model – Kocani municipality, World Bank project, 2015. 22. Brochure of GEF sustainable energy project, Republic of Macedonia, 2013 23. Energy efficiency program of Staro Nagoricane municipality, developed within World Bank-funded project: Promoting and Stimulating Energy Efficiency of the Municipality, 2015 24. Energy efficiency program of Radovis municipality, developed within World Bank-funded project: Promoting and Stimulating Energy Efficiency of the Municipality, 2015 25. Scoping study on gender-based violence and discrimination against women and girls in urban public spaces of the City of Skopje, Reactor-Research in Action and Strategic Development Consulting, 2012, Skopje. 26. The impact of classroom design on pupils’ learning: Final results of a holistic, multi-level analysis, Building and Environment (2015)- Barrett P, Davies F, Zhang Y, Barrett L, doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.013

44 How to develop an energy efficiency program?

How to develop an energy efficiency program? 7 steps to an energy efficient municipality