DOCSLIB.ORG

Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Harmonia Axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Two New Invasive Alien Species for Insect Fauna of Macedonia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Harmonia Axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Two New Invasive Alien Species for Insect Fauna of Macedonia Correspondence ISSN 2336-9744 (online) | ISSN 2337-0173 (print) The journal is available on line at www.biotaxa.org/em Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), two new invasive alien species for insect fauna of Macedonia DEJAN KULIJER National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 3, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. E-mail: [email protected] Received 5 January 2016 │ Accepted 16 January 2016 │ Published online 18 January 2016. The dispersal of organisms is an important natural process for the distribution of life on Earth and represents one of the drivers of evolution. Natural dispersal is limited by multiple barriers, among which biogeographical ones are the most evident. Growing mobility of people and their goods helped species to overcome these barriers. Globalization connected all parts of the world and as a consequence, intentionally and unintentionally, humans distributed thousands of species worldwide (McNeely et al. 2001; Nentwig 2007). Generally, most of alien species are not able to adapt to new environment, but there is a small number of successful ones that when introduced to new habitats establish large populations and become threat to native biodiversity and natural ecosystems (Nentwig 2007; Rabitsch 2008). Two of very successful invasive insect species introduced in Europe are Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773). The western conifer seed bug, (Leptoglossus occidentalis), is native to the western areas of North America, from British Columbia to Mexico (McPherson et al. 1990). The first European record dates from 1999 when the species was discovered near Vicenza in northern Italy (Taylor et al. 2001). This record was followed by a rapid spread and within a decade the species was reported as far as Portugal, England, Norway and Turkey (Frent & Kment 2008). In 2010 and 2011 it was found even further east, in Ukraine and Russia (Gapon 2013). L. occidentalis feeds on the young seeds or flowers of different conifer species, with a preference for Pinaceae, feeding can cause reduction of seed fertility (Frent & Kment 2008). The harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis), is an invasive coccinellid native to East and Central Asia (Dobzhansky 1933; Brown et al. 2011). It was deliberately introduced to many countries as biological control agent for aphids and coccids. The species soon adapted to new environments and spread to large areas of the world, where it became predator to native arthropods, household invader and pest in fruit production (e.g. Brown et al. 2011; Majerus et al. 2006). In 1990's and especially after 2002 harlequin ladybird spread rapidly throughout Europe and by 2011 was already reported from 26 countries. The knowledge of invertebrate fauna of Macedonia is scarce and very little attention is given to invasive species (Denux & Zagatti 2010; Hristovski et al. 2015). Hristovski et al. (2015) summarized the current knowledge on the invasive invertebrate species in the country, but did not mention presence of L. occidentalis or H. axyridis. The occurrence of both species in Macedonia was expected, particularly after they were already known for some time in several neighboring countries (Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia) (e.g. Brown et al. 2011; Petrakis 2011; Protić 2008; Simov 2008; Thalji & Stojanović 2008; Tomov et al. 2009). The records presented here (Fig. 1.) were collected during dragonfly field research conducted in a scope of the Fifth Balkan Odonatological Meeting that was held in Macedonia from 7th to 15th August 2015. All specimens were collected by hand or using entomological hand net. The voucher specimens of H. Ecol. Mont., 5, 2016, 22-25 22 KULIJER axyridis from the Monastery St. Gjorgji (4 specimen of f. succinea) and fishpond near Oreovec village (1 specimen of f. spectabilis) (Prilep Municipality) are deposited in the collections of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. Figure 1. The finding sites of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (triangle) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (point) in Macedonia. Material examined: Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 Prilep Municipality, Prilepsko ezero (Prilep Lake), 41°23'23''N, 21°35'48''E, alt. 749 m a.s.l. (two specimens were found on a Pinus nigra tree at the edge of planted pine tree forest near the lake, Fig. 2), 10/VIII/2015. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) Dojran Municipality, Nov Dojran, Dojransko Ezero (Dojran Lake), 41°14'24''N, 22°42'50''E, alt. 167 m a.s.l., 09/VIII/2015, (1 specimen of f. succinea); Kavadarci Municipality, Kavadarci, boarding school building, 41°26'27''N, 22°01'12''E, alt. 253 m a.s.l. (at the light in the evening), 07/VIII/2015, (1 f. spectabilis); 08/VIII/2015, (1 f. succinea); Prilep Municipality, Monastery St. Gjorgji, 41°25'42''N, 21°37'13''E, alt. 1.002 m a.s.l. (at the light in the evening; dead specimens in the window frame), 10/VIII/2015, (9 f. succinea, 1 f. spectabilis); Prilep Municipality, Oreovec, fishpond with streamlet N of village, 41°23'30''N, 21°34'05''E, alt. 861 m a.s.l., 13/VIII/2015, (1 f. spectabilis); Debartsa Municipality, Belčišta, Sini Virovi Swamp, 41°18'35''N, 20°48'43''E, alt. 766 m a.s.l., 14/VIII/2015, (4 f. succinea); Ohrid Municipality, Ohridsko ezero (Ohrid Lake), 41°08'02''N, 20°45'50''E, alt. 697 m a.s.l., 14/VIII/2015, (10 f. succinea); Skopje, Butel Municipality (city center), 41°00'02''N, 21°26'06''E, alt. 270 m a.s.l. (on a lime tree), 15/VIII/2015, (2 larvae). In the countries with low research intensity, as is the case of Macedonia, the possibility that alien species remain undiscovered for long time is significant. This results with the species being discovered at the time when they are already well-established and widespread. At that point it is usually very hard to determine their origin and the time or direction of invasion. As both species already have established populations in neighboring countries, the way of their introduction to Macedonia is probably natural Ecol. Mont., 5, 2016, 22-25 23 FIRST RECORD OF LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS AND HARMONIA AXYRIDIS FROM MACEDONIA expansion of these populations. The fact that they were easily found during odonatological field study suggests that both species could be widespread and present for some time in Macedonia, particularly H. axyridis that was found at seven locations across the country. Figure 2. The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann found on Pinus nigra at Prilep Lake. Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are due to the Macedonian Ecological Society (MES), the Biology Students' Research Society (BSRS) and the Slovene Odonatological Society (SOD) that organized the Fifth Balkan Odonatological Meeting (BOOM 2015). References Brown, P.M.J., Thomas, C.E., Lombaert, E., Jeffries, D.L., Estoup, A. & Handley, L.-J.L. (2011) The global spread of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): distribution, dispersal and routes of invasion. BioControl, 56, 623–641. Denux, O. & Zagatti, P. (2010) Coleoptera families other than Cerambycidae, Curculionidae sensu lato, Chrysomelidae sensu lato and Coccinelidae, Chapter 8.5. In: Roques, A., Kenis, M., Lees, D., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Rabitsch,W., Rasplus, J.-Y. & Roy, D.B. (Eds.), Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe, BioRisk, 4 (1), 315–406. Dobzhansky, T. (1933) Geographical variation in ladybeetles. American Naturalist, 67, 97–126. Fent, M. & Kment, P. (2011) First record of the invasive western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 7 (1), 72–80. Gapon, D.A. (2013) First records of the western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heid. (Heteroptera, Coreidae) from Russia and Ukraine, regularities in its distribution and possibilities of its range expansion in the Palaearctic region. Entomological Review, 93 (2), 174–181. Hristovski, S., Slavevska-Stamenković, V., Hristovski, N., Arsovski, K., Bekchiev, R., Chobanov, D., Dedov, I., Devetak, D., Karaman, I., Kitanova, D., Komnenov, M., Ljubomirov, T., Melovski, D., Pešić, V. & Simov, N. (2015) Diversity of invertebrates in the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment, 17 (1), 5–44. Ecol. Mont., 5, 2016, 22-25 24 KULIJER Majerus, M.E.N., Mabbott, P., Rowland, F. & Roy, H.E. (2006) The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, arrives in Britain. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 142, 87–92. McNeely, J.A., Mooney, H.A., Neville, L.E., Schei, V. & Waage, J.K. (Eds.) (2001) A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. IUCN Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK, x + 50 pp. McPherson, J.E., Packauskas, R.J., Taylor, J. & O´Brien, M.F. (1990) Eastern range extension of Leptoglossus occidentalis with a key to Leptoglossus species of America north of Mexico (Heteroptera: Coreidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist, 23 (2), 99–104. Nentwig, W. (Ed.) (2007) Biological Invasions. Ecological Studies, Vol. 193, Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, 446 pp. Petrakis, P.V. (2011) First record of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Greece. Entomologia Hellenica, 20 (2011), 83–93. Protić, Lj. (2008) Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Serbia. Acta Entomologica Serbica, 13, 81–84. Rabitsch, W. (2008) Alien true bugs of Europe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa, 1827, 1–44. Simov, N. (2008) Western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae) already in Bulgaria. Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 19, 179–180. Taylor, S.J., Tescari, G. & Villa, M. (2001) A Nearctic pest of Pinaceae accidentally introduced into Europe: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in northern Italy. Entomological News, 112, 101– 103. Thalji, R. & Stojanović, D. (2008) Prvi nalaz invazivne bubamare Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) u Srbiji. Biljni lekar, 36, 389–393. Tomov, R., Trencheva, K., Trenchev, G. & Kenis, M., (2009) The multicolored invasive Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) new to the fauna of Bulgaria, Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 61, 307–311. Ecol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Demographic and Infrastructure Problems of Villages in the Hilly-Mountainous Areas of Prilep
    Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 3 (2013) 569-581 D DAVID PUBLISHING Demographic and Infrastructure Problems of Villages in the Hilly-Mountainous Areas of Prilep Cane Koteski, Dushko Josheski, Zlatko Jakovlev, Snezana Bardarova and Vladimir Kitanov Faculty of Tourism and Business Logistics, Goce Delchev University of Shtip, Gevgelija 1480, Republic of Macedonia Received: June 15, 2013/Accepted: July 20, 2013/Published: August 25, 2013. Abstract: In this paper it has been investigated the issue of the dynamics of the rural population in villages in the mountainous areas of the municipality of Prilep height distribution of the mountainous villages, the area size, absolute density and agrarian population in hilly-mountainous villages, the distance of the hill-mountain villages of the municipality center and institutional infrastructure hilly-mountainous areas in Prilep. Despite the demographic decline that was made in the past 45 years, the municipality and the country will have even more incentive in the coming years to invest in infrastructure to improve little very bad living conditions and foremost here we think of infrastructure, roads, water drinking, clinics, veterinary stations, public transportation, gas stations, stores, construction of ethnic restaurants and small hotels so that at least the older generations of the cities as the least retirement to spend at home, to create minimum conditions for living and so that villages in hilly and mountainous villages to be attractive to younger generations of the cities and migrant workers from European countries and America Australia frequently to visit home, and to be able to invest in small commercial buildings in the area of tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Metathoracic Scent Gland of the Leaf-Footed Bug, Leptoglossus Zonatus
    Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 13 | Article 149 Gonzaga-Segura et al. The metathoracic scent gland of the leaf-footed bug, Leptoglossus zonatus J. Gonzaga-Segura1a, J. Valdez-Carrasco2b, V. R. Castrejón-Gómez1c* 1Becario COFAA. Laboratorio de Ecología Química de Insectos. Departamento de Interacciones Planta-Insecto. Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Carretera Yautepec, Jojutla, Km. 6 Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, C.P. 62731 2Laboratorio de Morfología de Insectos. Colegio de Posgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas Campus Montecillo. Car- retera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, C.P. 56230 Abstract The metathoracic scent gland of 25-day-old adults of both sexes of the leaf-footed bug, Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Coreidae), are described based on optical microscopy analysis. No sexual dimorphism was observed in the glandular composition of this species. The gland is located in the anteroventral corner of the metathoracic pleura between the middle and posterior coxal pits. The opening to the outside of the gland is very wide and permanently open as it lacks a protective membrane. In the internal part, there is a pair of metathoracic glands that consist of piles of intertwined and occasionally bifurcated cellular tubes or columns. These glands discharge their pheromonal contents into the reservoir through a narrow cuticular tube. The reservoir connects with the vestibule via two opposite and assembled cuticular folds that can separate muscularly in order to allow the flow of liquid away from the insect. The external part consists of an ostiole from which the pheromone is emitted.
    [Show full text]
  • An Invasive Species: Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Heidemann) How Does It Affect Forestry Activities?
    Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 2017, 17 (3): 531-542 Research Note IFS 2016, Special Issue Doi:10.17475/kastorman.292220 An invasive species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) how does it affect forestry activities? Salih PARLAK Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Bursa, TURKEY [email protected] Received Date: 14.02.2017 Accepted Date: 09.06.2017 Abstract Aim of study: Leptoglossus occidentalis which is first identified by Heidemann at North America in 1910 spread quickly after WW II. Although it was first seen in 1999 in Europe has swept the continent in 10 years. First damage observation in Turkey reported in Kozak Basin of Bergama on cones of stone pine trees which has valuable edible seeds. The seed yield loss started in 2005 and reached to a peak in 2009. In addition to high early age conelet loss, rate of emptiness of cones has sometimes reached to 90 %. The bug causes decrement in seed formation and seed germination ability significantly by causing early stage conelet loss and destroying endosperm parts of mature cones. In respect of forestry activities decrement of seed resources caused due to bug damage will have negative impact on natural regeneration activities in Turkey and probably will end in failure. In this study, it was aimed to determine the severity of damage caused by the collecting of cone samples from the stone pine forests in our country. Area of study: Without making any discrimination either planted or natural or any altitude or any aspect, stone pine cones have been collected from 42 localities which are distributed all around Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • AGENDA Third International Climate Change Conference
    AGENDA Third International Climate Change Conference Start End AGENDA 02.02.2017 Early Registration 18:00 21:00 (FON University lobby) 03.02.2017 Breakfast 8:00 9:00 (University campus dining area) – Only for early arrivals Registration 11:00 12:30 (Lobby) Official Conference Opening Keynote Speakers: Rector of FON University – PhD Nano Ruzin Minister of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP) - Bashkim Ameti (TBC) 13:00 13:45 USAID/Macedonia Mission Director - Mr. James Stein Chief of Party of USAID MCCSP and Executive Director of Milieukontakt Macedonia - Igor Slavkoski (FON Amphitheatre) 13:45 14:05 Video presentation 14:05 14:30 Reception (Lobby) USAID MCCSP - Results and Achievements Keynote Speakers: Mr. Igor Slavkoski-Chief of Party of MCCSP and Executive director of MKM Mr. Toni Zatkoski – Mayor of Krivogastani municipality Mr. Igor Poposki – Mayor of Pehcevo municipality Mr. Isen Asani – Mayor of Tearce municipality 14:30 15:30 Mrs. Anastasija Olumcheva – Mayor of Bogdanci municipality Mr. Emil Doncev – Mayor of Vinica municipality Mr. Hazbi Idrizi - Mayor of Bogovinje municipality Mr. Mukrem Mehmedi – Mayor of Mavrovo Rostushe municipality Mr. Azem Sadiki – Mayor of Studenicani municipality Mr. Darko Sehtanski – Mayor of Delcevo municipality Mr. Marjan Risteski – Mayor of Prilep municipality 15:30 15:45 Coffee Break (Lobby) Macedonia and obligations post Paris and Marrakech COP22 Keynote Speaker: 15:45 17:00 Ms. Teodora Obradovic Grncarovska – MOEPP, National UNFCCC Focal Point 17:00 End of Day 1 18:00 19:00 Dinner - University
    [Show full text]
  • MCEC IIEP Quarterly Report #8 Oct Dec 2013
    Interethnic Integration in Education Project QUARTERLY PROGRAM PERFORMANCE REPORT No. 8 October 1, 2013 – December 31, 2013 Joint student activities Submitted by: Macedonian Civic Education Center (MCEC) under Cooperative Agreement No. AID-165-A-12-00002 USAID Interethnic Integration in Education Project QUARTERLY REPORT #8, October 2013 – December 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Background 3 2. Progress Towards Objectives 4 3. Crosscutting Activities 6 4. Project Activities 10 4.1. Community Outreach 10 4.2. Capacity Building of School Management and Teachers 12 4.3. Demonstration Schools 20 4.4. Providing Incentives to Schools and Communities 25 5. Lessons learned 31 6. Activities to Increase Participation of People with Disabilities (PWDs) 33 7. Activities in the next reporting period 34 8. List of appendices 36 2 USAID Interethnic Integration in Education Project QUARTERLY REPORT #8, October 2013 – December 2013 MACEDONIAN CIVIC EDUCATION CENTER (MCEC) USAID INTERETHNIC INTEGRATION IN EDUCATION PROJECT (IIEP) QUARTERLY PROGRAM PERFORMANCE REPORT No. 8 Cooperative Agreement No: AID-165-A-12-00002 Progress Report No: 8 Reporting Period: October 1, 2013 – December 31, 2013 1. BACKGROUND On December 2, 2011, the Macedonian Civic Education Center (MCEC) signed the Cooperative Agreement with USAID agreeing to provide support to USAID’s Interethnic Integration in Education Project (IIEP). IIEP is a four-year, USD 5.2 million initiative targeting all primary and secondary schools in Macedonia. The main objective of IIEP is to build awareness and provide diversity training, technical assistance, and incentives to school boards, principals, teachers, and administration officials in support of interethnic integration in education. It will build broad public understanding on the benefits for all citizens as a result from integrating Macedonia’s education system.
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Report by the EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE and National Roma Centrum, CONCERNING Macedonia
    parallel report BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE and National Roma ceNtrum, CONCERNING macedonia To the Human Rights Council, within its Universal Periodic Review, for consideration at its 18th session (January-February 2014) CHAllENGING Discrimination Promoting EqUAlITY table of contents Introduction 3 Anti-Discrimination 3 Access to Education 4 Employment 6 Freedom and Movement 7 Violence and Hate Speech 8 Recommendations 9 2 IntroductIon The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) and National Roma Centrum (NRC) submit this parallel report to the Human Rights Council commenting on the second periodic review of Macedonia. This report highlights some of the key human rights concerns for Roma in Macedonia, based on permanent monitoring by the ERRC and NRC of the human rights situation of Roma in the country. The issues raised in this report implicate Mac- edonia’s obligations under the following human rights laws: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Convention on the Elimina- tion of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, International Convention on the Rights of the Child. antI-dIscrIMInatIon laW The Law for Prevention and Protection against Discrimination (LPPD) was adopted on 8 February 2010, and came into force in January 2011.1 The law provoked controversy, as some legal experts claimed that it is not in compliance with EU law, due to the fact that sexual orientation was not explicitly included as a possible ground for discrimination.2 Furthermore, there are other issues of non-compliance with the EU Racial Equality Directive and the Employment Equality Directive, such the use of statistics as evidence in indirect discrimination cases and the fact that the capacity of associations to bring an action is limited to judicial procedures only and the collec- tive interest of certain groups (the group s are not specified by the law).
    [Show full text]
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Performance Reviews Former Yugoslav Republic
    ECE/CEP/186 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Third Review DRAFT 25 January 2019 (not edited) UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2019 1 Introduction I.1 Physical context The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is a landlocked country in the middle of the southern Balkan Peninsula. The country has a land area of 25,713 km2 and it is bordered by Serbia to the north (border length 232 km), Bulgaria to the east (165 km), Greece to the south (262 km) and Albania to the west (191 km). The physical geography is defined by the central Vardar River valley and high mountain massifs along the borders: the Dinaric range in the western and central parts of the country and the Rhodope range in the east. The average altitude of the terrain is 850 m above the sea level but more than 30 per cent of the land area is situated above 1,000 m. There are 16 mountain peaks higher than 2,000 m. The highest point is the Golem Korab peak (2,753 m) situated in the north-western part of the country on the Albanian border, while the lowest point is situated on the Vardar River (44 m). About two per cent of the land area is covered by water. The country has 35 large and small rivers, 3 natural lakes and 50 artificial lakes. The Vardar River, which bisects the entire country, passes through the capital Skopje and finally flows to the Aegean Sea is the longest and the most important river in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on Implementation of the Plan of Activities for Visibility and Comunicaton of IPARD 2014- 2020
    Organization of the IPARD Monitoring Committee REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FORESTRY AND WATER ECONOMY Managing Authority REPORT on implementation of the Plan of activities for visibility and comunicaton of IPARD 2014- 2020 (According to Article 30, paragraph 3 of the Sectoral Agreement) (March 2016 – December 2017) December 2017 Project implemented by: IPARD Managing Authority, Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy Str. Aminta Treti 2, Skopje; Tel: +389 2 313 44 77 Financed: Measure Technical Assistance under IPARD Programme 2014-2020 1 Organization of the IPARD Monitoring Committee I. INTRODUCTION In the period 2016-2017 , the following activities from the Plan of activities for visibility and comunicaton of IPARD 2014-2020 were realized: 1. Update of website www.ipard.gov.mk ; 2. IPARD info events; 3. Trainings, workshops and seminars 4. Appearances on national and local radio and television stations as newspapers and Internet portals; 5. Publications of leaflets, brochure, supplements; The institutions responsible for the implementation of the abovementioned activities, respectively to their powers and the functions they perform, were the following: the Managin Authority (MA) within Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy and the Agency for Financial Support of Agriculture and Rural Development (AFSARD). II. IMPLEMENTED ACTIVITIES 5TU U5T 1. Updating the website www.ipard.gov.mk The new MA website www.ipard.gov.mk5TU U5T that was launched in July 2016 is registering great increase of visits and if in the first months the average number of visits was up to 2000, in January 2017, more than 9000 visits have been registered. In the period July 2016 –December 2017 in total 519.455 visitors on the website have been registerd.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report on the Functioning of the Public Internal Financial Control System
    2018 Ministry of Finance Public Internal Financial Control Department 2018 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE FUNCTIONING O F PUBLIC INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL SYSTEM Skopje, July 2019 1 CONTENT Page SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1. Legal basis for the preparation of the Annual Report ………………....................................................................... 6 1.2. Purpose of the Annual Report….........................................................................................................................................6 1.3. Basis for preparation and scope of the Annual Report ......................................................................................... 7 1.4. Submitted 2018 Annual Financial Reports....................................................................................................................7 1.4. 1. Measures and activities to improve the quality of annual reporting …………………………….….........8 2. REPORT ON THE QUALITY AND STATUS OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL…… 9 2. 1 CURRENT STATE OF PLAY AS REGARDS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1 State of Play in the Establishment and Staffing of the Financial Affairs Units ……………………...9 2.1.1.1 Measures to Improve the Establishment,
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy Disqualified
    www.civil.org.mk Elections 2014: DEMOCRACY DISQUALIFIED Published by: CIVIL - Center for Freedom Publisher: Xhabir M. Deralla Authors: Sasho Ordanoski (editor) Xhabir M. Deralla Editorial Board (authors and project team): Sandra Gavrilovska, Meri Jordanovska, Petar Stojkovic, Arbana Qerimi, Dzelal Hodzic, Biljana Jordanovska, Aleksandar Nikolic Pisarev, Frosina Mitrusheva, Stefan Urdzanovski, Kate Hris- tovska, Sonja Eftovska, Bunjamin Kamberi, Goran Naumovski, Marko Petrevski Cover page and illustrations: Igor Stevkovski Design: Miroslav Stojanovic and Xhabir M. Deralla Photographs: Stefan Urdzanovski, CIVIL observers, project team, volunteers, citizens, CIVIL archive Translation: Mirjana Kocoska Stojanovic Printed by: TP Dule 99, Skopje Circulation: 200 This publication is supported by: US Embassy, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, German Embassy, Foundation Open Society - Macedonia, Forum Civil Peace Service. Findings and standpoints presented in this publication are solely of CIVIL and do not necessarily reflect those of the donors. This publication is made available in print and electronic version (online and DVD) in Macedonian, Albanian and English language. The DVD ver- sion also contains: Elections 2014: Calendar of Events (text), informa- tive and opinion contents in video, audio and photographic formats. Republishing and rebroadcasting of the publication or part of the pub- lication, websites or other media outlets of Civil is encouraged under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
    [Show full text]
  • Damage to Common Plumbing Materials Caused by Overwintering Leptoglossus Occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
    492 Damage to common plumbing materials caused by overwintering Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Sarah L. Bates1 Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 West North Street, Geneva, New York 14456, United States of America Bates496 The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus Several factors suggested that L. occidentalis occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae), may have caused the holes. First, all partial is a polyphagous pest of coniferous trees holes began at the outer surface of the pipe and (Hedlin et al. 1981). Native to western North extended inward, indicating that the holes were America, the seed bug has expanded its range initiated from the outer surface. Second, the di- to include eastern Canada and the United States ameter of the holes was consistent with the di- (McPherson et al. 1990; Gall 1992; Marshall ameter of seed bug stylets (approximately 1992; Ridge-O’Connor 2001; Bates 2002) and 30 µm) (PEX is elastic, hence any observed was recently introduced into Europe (Taylor et hole is expected to be smaller than the caus- al. 2001). Both adults and nymphs feed by in- ative agent). Third, no holes or similar damage serting their stylets into cones and digesting the were observed in PEX pipe located in subfloors contents of developing seeds, and they can or other sealed areas that were inaccessible to cause serious economic losses in high-value seed overwintering bugs. orchards (Strong et al. 2001; Bates et al. 2002; To determine whether L. occidentalis can Bates and Borden 2005). In late summer and damage PEX tubing, adult seed bugs were col- early fall, L.
    [Show full text]