Sipunculans (Sipuncula) from the Southern Mexican Pacifi C
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RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1995 Part 2: Notes1
RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1995 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of two parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1995 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of plants and animals including new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more compre- hensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this Records [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 45]. New Hawaiian Pest Plant Records for 1995 PATRICK CONANT (Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 S King St, Honolulu, HI 96814) Fabaceae Ulex europaeus L. New island record On 6 October 1995, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife employee C. Joao submitted an unusual plant he found while work- ing in the Molokai Forest Reserve. The plant was identified as U. europaeus and con- firmed by a Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) nox-A survey of the site on 9 October revealed an infestation of ca. 19 m2 at about 457 m elevation in the Kamiloa Distr., ca. 6.2 km above Kamehameha Highway. Distribution in Wagner et al. (1990, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i, p. 716) listed as Maui and Hawaii. Material examined: MOLOKAI: Molokai Forest Reserve, 4 Dec 1995, Guy Nagai s.n. (BISH). Melastomataceae Miconia calvescens DC. New island record, range extensions On 11 October, a student submitted a leaf specimen from the Wailua Houselots area on Kauai to PPC technician A. Bell, who had the specimen confirmed by David Lorence of the National Tropical Botanical Garden as being M. -
Number of Living Species in Australia and the World
Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World 2nd edition Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services australia’s nature Toowoomba, Australia there is more still to be discovered… Report for the Australian Biological Resources Study Canberra, Australia September 2009 CONTENTS Foreword 1 Insecta (insects) 23 Plants 43 Viruses 59 Arachnida Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) 43 Protoctista (mainly Introduction 2 (spiders, scorpions, etc) 26 Gymnosperms (Coniferophyta, Protozoa—others included Executive Summary 6 Pycnogonida (sea spiders) 28 Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta under fungi, algae, Myriapoda and Ginkgophyta) 45 Chromista, etc) 60 Detailed discussion by Group 12 (millipedes, centipedes) 29 Ferns and Allies 46 Chordates 13 Acknowledgements 63 Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, etc) 31 Bryophyta Mammalia (mammals) 13 Onychophora (velvet worms) 32 (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) 47 References 66 Aves (birds) 14 Hexapoda (proturans, springtails) 33 Plant Algae (including green Reptilia (reptiles) 15 Mollusca (molluscs, shellfish) 34 algae, red algae, glaucophytes) 49 Amphibia (frogs, etc) 16 Annelida (segmented worms) 35 Fungi 51 Pisces (fishes including Nematoda Fungi (excluding taxa Chondrichthyes and (nematodes, roundworms) 36 treated under Chromista Osteichthyes) 17 and Protoctista) 51 Acanthocephala Agnatha (hagfish, (thorny-headed worms) 37 Lichen-forming fungi 53 lampreys, slime eels) 18 Platyhelminthes (flat worms) 38 Others 54 Cephalochordata (lancelets) 19 Cnidaria (jellyfish, Prokaryota (Bacteria Tunicata or Urochordata sea anenomes, corals) 39 [Monera] of previous report) 54 (sea squirts, doliolids, salps) 20 Porifera (sponges) 40 Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) 55 Invertebrates 21 Other Invertebrates 41 Chromista (including some Hemichordata (hemichordates) 21 species previously included Echinodermata (starfish, under either algae or fungi) 56 sea cucumbers, etc) 22 FOREWORD In Australia and around the world, biodiversity is under huge Harnessing core science and knowledge bases, like and growing pressure. -
Sipuncula: an Emerging Model of Spiralian Development and Evolution MICHAEL J
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 58: 485-499 (2014) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.140095mb www.intjdevbiol.com Sipuncula: an emerging model of spiralian development and evolution MICHAEL J. BOYLE1 and MARY E. RICE2 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama, Republic of Panama and 2Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (SMSFP), Florida, USA ABSTRACT Sipuncula is an ancient clade of unsegmented marine worms that develop through a conserved pattern of unequal quartet spiral cleavage. They exhibit putative character modifications, including conspicuously large first-quartet micromeres and prototroch cells, postoral metatroch with exclusive locomotory function, paired retractor muscles and terminal organ system, and a U-shaped digestive architecture with left-right asymmetric development. Four developmental life history patterns are recognized, and they have evolved a unique metazoan larval type, the pelagosphera. When compared with other quartet spiral-cleaving models, sipunculan development is understud- ied, challenging and typically absent from evolutionary interpretations of spiralian larval and adult body plan diversity. If spiral cleavage is appropriately viewed as a flexible character complex, then understudied clades and characters should be investigated. We are pursuing sipunculan models for modern molecular, genetic and cellular research on evolution of spiralian development. Protocols for whole mount gene expression studies are established in four species. Molecular labeling and confocal imaging techniques are operative from embryogenesis through larval development. Next- generation sequencing of developmental transcriptomes has been completed for two species with highly contrasting life history patterns, Phascolion cryptum (direct development) and Nephasoma pellucidum (indirect planktotrophy). Looking forward, we will attempt intracellular lineage tracing and fate-mapping studies in a proposed model sipunculan, Themiste lageniformis. -
How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica Silva-Morales, Itzahí; López-Aquino, Mónica-J.; Islas-Villanueva, Valentina; Ruiz-Escobar, Fernando; Bastida-Zavala, J.-Rolando Morphological and molecular differences between the Amphiamerican populations of Antillesoma (Sipuncula: Antillesomatidae), with the description of a new species Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 67, no. 5, 2019, pp. 101-109 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: DOI 10.15517/RBT.V67IS5.38934 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44965909009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative DOI 10.15517/RBT.V67IS5.38934 Artículo Morphological and molecular differences between the Amphiamerican populations of Antillesoma (Sipuncula: Antillesomatidae), with the description of a new species Diferencias morfológicas y moleculares entre las poblaciones anfiamericanas de Antillesoma (Stephen & Edmonds, 1972) (Sipuncula: Antillesomatidae), con la descripción de una nueva especie Itzahí Silva-Morales1 Mónica-J. López-Aquino2 Valentina Islas-Villanueva2 Fernando Ruiz-Escobar1 J.-Rolando Bastida-Zavala1 1 Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados Marinos (LABSIM), Universidad del Mar, campus Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, 70902, México, [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad del Mar, campus Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, 70902, México. Received 29-XI-2018 Corrected 18-V-2019 Accepted 30-VI-2019 Abstract Introduction: The sipunculans are a group of marine invertebrates that have been little studied in the tropical eastern Pacific (TEP). -
Fauna of Australia 4A Phylum Sipuncula
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA Volume 4A POLYCHAETES & ALLIES The Southern Synthesis 5. PHYLUM SIPUNCULA STANLEY J. EDMONDS (Deceased 16 July 1995) © Commonwealth of Australia 2000. All material CC-BY unless otherwise stated. At night, Eunice Aphroditois emerges from its burrow to feed. Photo by Roger Steene DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Sipuncula is a group of soft-bodied, unsegmented, coelomate, worm-like marine invertebrates (Fig. 5.1; Pls 12.1–12.4). The body consists of a muscular trunk and an anteriorly placed, more slender introvert (Fig. 5.2), which bears the mouth at the anterior extremity of an introvert and a long, recurved, spirally wound alimentary canal lies within the spacious body cavity or coelom. The anus lies dorsally, usually on the anterior surface of the trunk near the base of the introvert. Tentacles either surround, or are associated with the mouth. Chaetae or bristles are absent. Two nephridia are present, occasionally only one. The nervous system, although unsegmented, is annelidan-like, consisting of a long ventral nerve cord and an anteriorly placed brain. The sexes are separate, fertilisation is external and cleavage of the zygote is spiral. The larva is a free-swimming trochophore. They are known commonly as peanut worms. AB D 40 mm 10 mm 5 mm C E 5 mm 5 mm Figure 5.1 External appearance of Australian sipunculans. A, SIPUNCULUS ROBUSTUS (Sipunculidae); B, GOLFINGIA VULGARIS HERDMANI (Golfingiidae); C, THEMISTE VARIOSPINOSA (Themistidae); D, PHASCOLOSOMA ANNULATUM (Phascolosomatidae); E, ASPIDOSIPHON LAEVIS (Aspidosiphonidae). (A, B, D, from Edmonds 1982; C, E, from Edmonds 1980) 2 Sipunculans live in burrows, tubes and protected places. -
10. Sipuncula
10. SIPUNCULA MARY E. RICE Smithsonian Marine Station at Link Port, 5612 Old Dixie Highway, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, U.S.A. JOHN F. PILGER Department of Biology, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Georgia 30030, U.S.A. I. INTRODUCTION Studies of development in sipunculans were first published in the latter part of the 19th century, but it has been only recently that reproductive cycles have been investigated and that sufficient comparative information has become available for any understanding of the trends and diversity of developmental patterns. In addition to their more usual means of sexual reproduction, a few sipunculans have been found to use different modes of asexual reproduction. Processes of transverse fission and budding have been described by Rajulu and Krishnan (1969), Rice (1970), and Rajulu (1975). Also, an interesting example of parthenogenesis has been discovered and is under current study (Pilger, 1987, 1989). A number of descriptive studies have been made on breeding cycles of sipun- culans; however, there have been no interpretive analyses or experimental consider- ations of controlling mechanisms. In connection with these studies a few incidental observations have been reported on fecundity. Major references on reproductive cycles are those of Gonse (1956a, b). Rice (1975a), and Gibbs (1975, 1976). II. ASEXUAL PROPAGATION AND REGENERATION Although sexual reproduction is the common mode of propagation among sipuncu- lans, asexual reproduction has been reported to occur in two species, Aspidosiphon brocki and Sipunculus robustus (Rice, 1970 and Rajulu and Krishnan, 1969 re- spectively). In the former it occurs as a type of transverse fission and in the latter as either budding or transverse fission. -
Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum ANNELIDA by J
Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum ANNELIDA by J. R. Finnerty Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA “BILATERIA” (=TRIPLOBLASTICA) Bilateral symmetry (?) Mesoderm (triploblasty) Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA “COELOMATA” True coelom Coelomata gut cavity endoderm mesoderm coelom ectoderm [note: dorso-ventral inversion] Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA PROTOSTOMIA “first mouth” blastopore contributes to mouth ventral nerve cord The Blastopore ! Forms during gastrulation ectoderm blastocoel blastocoel endoderm gut blastoderm BLASTULA blastopore The Gut “internal, epithelium-lined cavity for the digestion and absorption of food sponges lack a gut simplest gut = blind sac (Cnidaria) blastopore gives rise to dual- function mouth/anus through-guts evolve later Protostome = blastopore contributes to the mouth Deuterostome = blastopore becomes the anus; mouth is a second opening Protostomy blastopore mouth anus Deuterostomy blastopore -
Phylum: Sipuncula
PHYLUM: SIPUNCULA Authors Lara Atkinson1 Citation Atkinson LJ. 2018. Phylum Sipuncula In: Atkinson LJ and Sink KJ (eds) Field Guide to the Ofshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa, Malachite Marketing and Media, Pretoria, pp. 117-119. 1 South African Environmental Observation Network, Egagasini Node, Cape Town 117 Phylum: SIPUNCULA Peanut worms Peanut worms (Sipunculids) can be described as tentacles surrounding the mouth. Reproduction can smooth, unsegmented marine worms mostly be both sexual (external fertilisation) and asexual found buried in sediment due to their burrowing (transverse ission). habits. Some are known to burrow into solid rock or discarded shells, which are used as shelters. These Collection and preservation worms feed on detritus and sand as they burrow, Specimens should be preserved in 5% formalin processing the edible content. Sipunculid worms are and 96% ethanol for molecular studies. Menthol typically less than 10 cm in length, however some crystals can be used to relax the specimen for several have been known to reach several times that length. hours until unresponsive to touch. The specimen The body is divided into a trunk and introvert, the can then be kept in fresh water for one hour before latter being muscular and can be evaginated or preservation. retracted. The introvert terminates in a crown of References Cutler EB. 1994. The Sipuncula: Their systems, biology and evolution. Cornell University Press. New York. Huang D-Y, Chen J-Y, Vannier J and Saiz Salinas JI. 2004. Early Cambrian sipunculan worms from southwest China. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 271 (1549): 1671. doi:10.1098/ rspb.2004.2774. -
Musculature in Sipunculan Worms: Ontogeny and Ancestral States
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 11:1, 97–108 (2009) DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00306.x Musculature in sipunculan worms: ontogeny and ancestral states Anja Schulzeà and Mary E. Rice Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA ÃAuthor for correspondence (email: [email protected]). Present address: Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77551, USA. SUMMARY Molecular phylogenetics suggests that the introvert retractor muscles as adults, go through devel- Sipuncula fall into the Annelida, although they are mor- opmental stages with four retractor muscles that are phologically very distinct and lack segmentation. To under- eventually reduced to a lower number in the adult. The stand the evolutionary transformations from the annelid to the circular and sometimes the longitudinal body wall musculature sipunculan body plan, it is important to reconstruct the are split into bands that later transform into a smooth sheath. ancestral states within the respective clades at all life history Our ancestral state reconstructions suggest with nearly 100% stages. Here we reconstruct the ancestral states for the head/ probability that the ancestral sipunculan had four introvert introvert retractor muscles and the body wall musculature in retractor muscles, longitudinal body wall musculature in bands the Sipuncula using Bayesian statistics. In addition, we and circular body wall musculature arranged as a smooth describe the ontogenetic transformations of the two muscle sheath. Species with crawling larvae have more strongly systems in four sipunculan species with different de- developed body wall musculature than those with swimming velopmental modes, using F-actin staining with fluo- larvae. -
(Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost.) Viene De La Contraportada (ISSN 0122-9761) B
BOLETÍN DE INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS Y COSTERAS Serie de Publicaciones Periódicas Santa Marta • Colombia (Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost.) Año 2015 • Volumen 44 (2) ISSN: 0122-9761 44 (2) VOL. 44 (2) Santa Marta, Colombia, 2015 CONTENIDO • CONTENTS Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “José Benito Vives de Andréis” Vinculado al Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible A. G. Valle, A. Fresneda-Rodríguez, L. Chasqui y S. Caballero Diversidad genética del langostino blanco Litopenaeus schmitti en el Caribe colombiano [Genetic diversity of the southern white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti in the Colombian Caribbean] . 237 I. C. Molina-Acevedo y M. H. Londoño-Mesa Terebélidos (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebellidae) de Isla Fuerte, Caribe colombiano [Terebellids (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Isla Fuerte, Colombian Caribbean] . .253 M. Pérez, M. García, M. Stupak y G. Blustein Disminución del contenido de cobre en pinturas “antifouling” de matriz soluble, uso del eugenol como aditivo [Diminution of the copper concentration in antifouling paints of soluble matrix, eugenol use as (Bol.(Bol. Invest.Invest. Mar.Mar. Cost.)Cost.) additive] . .281 V. Coronado-Carrascal, R. García-Urueña y Arturo Acero P. Comunidad de peces arrecifales en relación con la invasión del pez león: el caso del Caribe sur [Reef fish community in relation to the lionfish invasion: the southern Caribbean case] . .291 S. A. Rodríguez-Satizábal, C. Castellanos, G. Contreras, A. Franco, y M. Serrano Efectos letales y subletales en juveniles de Argopecten nucleus expuestos a lodos de perforación [Lethal and sublethal effects on juvenile Argopecten nucleus exposed to drilling muds] . .303 PED:353099-011/ SERIE: 334167A0 / LINEATURA:200DPI/TIRO M. M. Quiroz-Ruiz y M. -
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
A classification of the phylum Sipuncula Peter E. Gibbs Marine Biological Association of the U.K., Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, U.K. Edward B. Cutler Division of Science and Mathematics, Utica College of Syracuse University, Utica, New York 13502, U.S.A. Synopsis A classification of the phylum Sipuncula is adopted following the analysis of Cutler & Gibbs (1985) and comprises two classes, four orders and six families. This replaces the earlier classification of Stephen & Edmonds (1972) which was based on four families only. The diagnostic characters are reviewed. Seventeen genera are redefined, one new subgenus is described and twelve other subgenera are recognised. Introduction The classification of the phylum Sipuncula has had a confused history. Early attempts to define higher taxa by grouping genera were, to a large extent, thwarted by incomplete, imprecise or erroneous descriptions of many species. Stephen & Edmonds (1972) classified the phylum into four families in providing the first compilation of species described prior to about 1970. How- ever, this monograph is essentially literature-based and consequently many errors are repeated; nevertheless, it provides a useful base-line to the present revision. The need for greater precision in defining genera has led the authors to re-examine most of the available type specimens. The definitions of genera presented below incorporate both novel observations and corrections to earlier descriptions. Where possible, nine basic characters have been checked for each species before assigning it to a genus. These characters are summarised for each genus in Table 1 . A phylogenetic interpretation of the classification used here will be found in Cutler & Gibbs (1985). -
Phascolosoma Agassizi Class: Phascolosomatida Order: Phascolosomaformes Pacific Peanut Worm Family: Phasoclosomatidae
Phylum: Annelida Phascolosoma agassizi Class: Phascolosomatida Order: Phascolosomaformes Pacific peanut worm Family: Phasoclosomatidae Taxonomy: The evolutionary origins of can be surrounded by ciliated tentacles, a sipunculans, recently considered a distinct mouth and nuchal organ (Fig. 2) (Rice 2007). phylum (Rice 2007), is controversial. Current Along the introvert epidermis are spines or molecular phylogenetic evidence (e.g., Staton hooks. 2003; Struck et al. 2007; Dordel et al. 2010; Oral disc: The oral disc is bordered Kristof et al. 2011) suggests that Sipuncula be by a ridge (cephalic collar) of tentacles placed within the phylum Annelida, which is enclosing a dorsal nuchal gland. characterized by segmentation. Placement of Inconspicuous, finger-like and not branched the unsegmented Sipuncula and Echiura (Rice 1975b), the 18–24 tentacles exist in a within Annelida, suggests that segmentation crescent-shaped arc, enclosing a heart- was secondarily lost in these groups (Struck shaped nuchal gland (Fig. 2). et al. 2007; Dordel et al. 2010). Mouth: Inconspicuous and posterior to oral disc, with thin flange (cervical collar) Description just ventral to and outside the arc of tentacles Size: Up to 15 cm (extended) and commonly (Fig. 2). 5–7 cm in length (Rice 1975b). The Eyes: A pair of ocelli at anterior end illustrations are from a specimen (Coos Bay) are internal and in an ocular tube (Fig. 4) 13 cm in length. Young individuals are 10–13 (Hermans and Eakin 1969). mm in length (extended, Fisher 1950). Hooks: Tiny chitinous spines on the Juveniles can be up to 30 mm long (Gibbs introvert anterior are arranged in a variable 1985).